SUMMARY

1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 2
2. THEORETICAL FOUNDATION ........................................................................................ 3
2.1. ELECTRIC MOTOR .................................................................................................... 3
2.1.1. PARTS OF AN ELECTRIC MOTOR ...................................................................... 3
3. OPERATION OF ELECTRIC MOTOR ............................................................................... 4
4. APPLICATION IN THE INDUSTRY.................................................................................. 4
5. MAINTENANCE.................................................................................................................. 5
6. THE IMPORTANCE OF ELECTRICITY IN INDUSTRY ................................................. 6
7. CONCLUSION ..................................................................................................................... 7
8. BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCE ........................................................................................ 8
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1. INTRODUCTION

With the definitive arrival of the electric motor in the automotive industry, the electric
motor has become an increasingly important element. The need for a zero-emission
mobility model has caused manufacturers to make massive use of this technology and
there are no other valid options. A turnaround that has translated into an optimization of
the electric motor, as a great alternative to internal combustion engines.

We think we'll meet him in our daily life. Elevator, refrigerator, washing machine, are
some examples of where the electric motor is present.

Electric motor is a vital equipment for the operation of rotating systems. We can say he's
the heart of a machine. Whether on the assembly line or auxiliary equipment, the electric
motor is present in various sectors of a company or industries.

Given the importance of this equipment in mechanical transmission systems, we will

present a theoretical approach to the composition of an electric motor, its operation, its
application, maintenance and importance.

INSTITUTO SUPERIOR POLITÉCNICO DE TECNOLOGIAS E CIÊNCIAS

AV. Luanda Sul, Rua Lateral Via S10, Talatona – Município do Belas – Luanda/Angola
Telefones: +244226430334/44226430330 – Email: geral@isptec.co.ao
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2. THEORETICAL FOUNDATION
2.1. ELECTRIC MOTOR

The motor is the source that generates torque and rotation for an axle. However, to
transmit movement to the machine system a connection element is required.

Electric Motor is a machine capable of converting electrical energy into mechanical

energy or movement. According to your model, it can operate with direct current or
alternating current power.

2.1.1. PARTS OF AN ELECTRIC MOTOR

The electric motor has two main elements: stator and rotor.

• Stator

As its name implies, the stator is the fixed, static element of the electric motor. Inside is
the network of copper wire forming coils through which passes the electricity that will
result in the magnetic field. It has three main parts, the core, the frame and the wire or
conductor cable. The performance of the engine depends to a large extent on the design
of this copper coil, thus becoming a fundamental element.

• Rotor

The rotor is, as indicated again by its name, the element that rotates inside the stator. It is
the second essential element of the electric motor. It has a magnetic element that reacts
to the field generated by the stator and that makes it rotate. This rotor rotation is the result
of the mechanical energy of the system, which will eventually propel the vehicle.

In addition to the stator and rotor, the electric motor requires a converter or inverter, which
passes the continuous energy it receives from the battery and transforms it into alternating
current (in AC motors), a charger that handles the charging process and, of course,
batteries that accumulate enough energy to provide operating autonomy.

Electric motors whether direct current or alternating current work based on

electromagnetism. This means that the electricity applied to the motor produces magnetic
fields that oppose each other. Thus, the so-called rotating field appears, capable of moving
the rotating axis of the motor called the rotor.

INSTITUTO SUPERIOR POLITÉCNICO DE TECNOLOGIAS E CIÊNCIAS

AV. Luanda Sul, Rua Lateral Via S10, Talatona – Município do Belas – Luanda/Angola
Telefones: +244226430334/44226430330 – Email: geral@isptec.co.ao
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3. OPERATION OF ELECTRIC MOTOR

At the beginning, the battery begins to provide power to the stator, which creates the
magnetic field that causes the rotor to rotate. This mechanical energy arrives through the
transmission to the wheels and the vehicle is propelled while the accelerator is pressed.
When releasing the pedal, the magnetic field is interrupted, and the rotor rotates freely to
recharge the battery and take the place of alternator. This simple process requires fewer
mechanical elements than internal combustion, a fact that has the least need to maintain
these mechanics. However, the demand for maximum efficiency is resulting in the
development of electric motor variants that make it necessary to optimize systems such
as refrigeration, which is increasingly important.

The operating principle of electric motors is simple. Let's explain it elementarily: Imagine
that we took a copper cable we rolled it to form a large extended skein. We take this ball
and place it between the poles of a horseshoe magnet. If we connect the ends of the cable
to a battery, we'll see how the ball moves. This is because when an electric current travels
through a cable, it creates a magnetic field around it.

If we place this ball next to a magnet, the magnetic field we created interacts with the
permanent magnet field. You should know that two magnets placed next to each other
attract or repel. Similarly, the temporary magnetism around the cable attracts or rescores
the magnet's permanent magnetism and this is what causes the cable to jump.

4. APPLICATION IN THE INDUSTRY

The applications that exist for industrial electric motors are diverse, such as industrial
fans, pumps, hoods, power tools, machine tools. These engines can also make up the
operating system of home appliances and computer drivers. When it comes to industrial
electric motors, there are two modes of operation by which they differentiate. One of them
uses a battery and the other has alternating current. These most common types are known
as industrial alternating current or direct current electric motors.

INSTITUTO SUPERIOR POLITÉCNICO DE TECNOLOGIAS E CIÊNCIAS

AV. Luanda Sul, Rua Lateral Via S10, Talatona – Município do Belas – Luanda/Angola
Telefones: +244226430334/44226430330 – Email: geral@isptec.co.ao
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5. MAINTENANCE

Maintenance is intended to repair or replace something that is damaged or does not work
properly, repairing so that it re-develops the required function initially.

Preventive maintenance of electric motors is done, as the name mentions, to predict any
type of problem that the equipment may present after a certain period of use. The expenses
of companies with preventive maintenance of electric motors, although more frequent, is
much lower than the expense of corrective maintenance, proving that this measure really
works and ensures the quality of the equipment

Preventive maintenance of electric motors is also responsible for the durability and
performance of the machine in which the motor is located since engine malfunction can
cause damage to the equipment.

The ideal is that preventive maintenance of electric motors is done every two months, or
in more critical cases, that it is done more frequently, varying according to the conditions
of the place where the engine is. The results obtained will be more operational quality,
superior performance, and economy.

INSTITUTO SUPERIOR POLITÉCNICO DE TECNOLOGIAS E CIÊNCIAS

AV. Luanda Sul, Rua Lateral Via S10, Talatona – Município do Belas – Luanda/Angola
Telefones: +244226430334/44226430330 – Email: geral@isptec.co.ao
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6. THE IMPORTANCE OF ELECTRICITY IN INDUSTRY

In addition to the operation of the engines, electricity is extremely important for the
industrial sector. This means that without it, many jobs and services would not happen. It
is that electricity involves not only machinery, but also the structure and safety of the site.

The electrical part is indispensable in any company. Not only to provide power for the
lamps and machinery, but to ensure the good performance of equipment responsible for
the operation of the machines.

This is the case with electric motors. They occupy a prominent role in modern industrial
production. They are the ones that offer the mechanical energy for carrying out most
manufacturing processes. For this reason, it is essential to follow safety rules, which seek
to avoid thermal overload and, consequently, damage or physical damage.

In an industry, situations may occur where the protection device stops engine operation
due to some wiring problem, for example. To avoid such situations, there are different
models of protection. The most advanced, recommended by group JAV, not only paralyze
the engine, but send alerts of problems and inform the reason in case of stop.

INSTITUTO SUPERIOR POLITÉCNICO DE TECNOLOGIAS E CIÊNCIAS

AV. Luanda Sul, Rua Lateral Via S10, Talatona – Município do Belas – Luanda/Angola
Telefones: +244226430334/44226430330 – Email: geral@isptec.co.ao
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7. CONCLUSION

In today's world, full of technologies and constant innovations, it is even difficult to

imagine life away from electric motors and all the facilities they have brought, from
everyday life to the industries. But if today all this seems as simple as having a blender,
reaching this stage was a slow and gradual process.

It took almost three centuries between the first studies, research, and inventions until the
emergence of electric motors, properly, in 1886. The discovery is attributed to the German
scientist Werner Siemens, inventor of the first self-induced direct current generator.

INSTITUTO SUPERIOR POLITÉCNICO DE TECNOLOGIAS E CIÊNCIAS

AV. Luanda Sul, Rua Lateral Via S10, Talatona – Município do Belas – Luanda/Angola
Telefones: +244226430334/44226430330 – Email: geral@isptec.co.ao
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8. BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCE

• Work-Motors-Electric-pdf.pdf
• https://museuweg.net/blog/a-historia-do-motor-eletrico
• https://pt.scribd.com/doc/132263784/Trabalho-Motores-Eletricos-pdf

INSTITUTO SUPERIOR POLITÉCNICO DE TECNOLOGIAS E CIÊNCIAS

AV. Luanda Sul, Rua Lateral Via S10, Talatona – Município do Belas – Luanda/Angola
Telefones: +244226430334/44226430330 – Email: geral@isptec.co.ao