FILIPINO REVIEWER  Naglalaman ng titulo, buong pangalan

maging panggitnang inisyal ng sumulat

LIHAM LIHAM  Naglalaman ng awtentikong lagda o
PANGKAIBIGAN PANGALAKAL pirma ng nag–aaplay
Binubuo ng 5 bahagi Binubuo ng 6 na
bahagi
Naglalayong Naglalayong mag– Memorandum o memo ay isang
mangumusta, aplay, magbili ng kasulatan na nagbibigay–kabatiran tungkol sa
makibalita, produkto, gagawing pagpupulong o paalala tungkol sa
makisimpatya at iba magpabatid ng iang mahalagang impormasyon, gawain,
pa reklamo at iba pa tungkulin o utos.
Nakalaan sa mga Nakalaan kaninuman
taong malalapit sa at sa sinuman na Karaniwang nahahati sa tatlong
buhay ng sumulat makatutulong sa mahahalagang bahagi ang memo na nag–iiba–
layunin ng pagsulat iba depende sa istilo o kalikasan nito.
Malaya o impormal Maanyo o pormal

• PRELIMINARI na naglalaman ng
ANIM NA BAHAGI mahahalagang detalye ng memorandum
A. Petsa • KATAWAN na naglalahad sa mas
Panahon kung kailan isinulat ang liham detalyado at malinaw na talakay tungkol
sa nilalaman ng memorandum
B. Patunguhan
 Naglalaman ng pangalan ng taong • LAGDA na nagpapakilala sa awtoridad
sinusulatan taglay ang buong detalye at kinatawan na naghanda at
 Posisyon o designasyon ng taong nagpadaloy ng memorandum
sinusulatan Katitikan ng pulong ang tawag sa
 Kampanya, ahensya at tanggapan na pagdodokumento o pagtatala ng
kinabibilangan mahahalagang impormasyon kaugnay ng
 Kumpletong lugar kung saan isinagawang pagpupulong. Ito ang nagsisilbing
matatagpuan ang nasabing ahensya rekord o tala ng mahahalagang bagay na
pinagtalakayan sa miting. Mas kilala ito sa
C. Bating Panimula tawag na minutes of the meeting sa Ingles.
Maging tiyak, ugaliin ang pagiging
magalang sa pagkilala sa taong sinusulatan MGA BAHAGI:
na susundan ng tutuldok (:)
1. HEADING
D. Katawan ng Liham 2. MGA KALAHOK
1. Pagbati
2. Layunin ng liham / Pagpapahayag ng 3. PAGBASA AT PAGTIBAY NG
interes NAKARAANG PULONG
3. Personal na datos 4. ACTION ITEMS O NAPAGKASUNDUAN
4. Taglay na kakayahan at kasanayan
kaugnay ng inaaplayan 5. IBA PANG ISYU
5. Mga numero na maaaring tawagan 6. PAGTATAPOS
6. Pasasalamat
7. LAGDA
E. Bating Pangwakas na inilalahad nang tiyak
at may paggalang kasunod ang kuwit (,)

F. Lagda
LIFE OF ST. LORENZO RUIZ
Around 1600, Lorenzo Ruiz was born in
Binondo, Manila, to a Chinese father and a Filipino
mother, both Catholic. He learned the Chinese language
from his father, while his mother taught him Tagalog.
Young Lorenzo became a member of the Dominican
Confraternity of the Most Holy Rosary.
He afterwards wed a woman by the name of Rosario.
The pleased couple had three kids, two sons and one
daughter as youngsters.
Saint Lorenzo Ruiz is the first Filipino venerated
in the Roman Catholic Church. Of Chinese-Filipino
parentage, he became the country’s protomartyr after his
execution by the Tokugawa Shogunate during its
persecution of Japanese Christians in the 17th century.
At a young age, Lorenzo served as an altar boy
at the Binondo Church. He studied under the Dominican
friars. After a few years, Ruiz earned the title of
calligrapher because of his skillful penmanship.
However, while working as a clerk for the Binondo
Church, Ruiz was falsely accused of killing a Spaniard.
Thereby, he sought asylum on board a ship with the help
of three Dominican priests.
Lorenzo and some of his friends left for Okinawa
on June 10, 1636, with the aid of the Dominican fathers.
Upon arrival in Japan, the missionaries were arrested
and thrown into prison. After two years, they were
transferred to Nagasaki to face trial by torture. Ruiz and
his companions faced different types of torture. On
September 27, 1637, he and his companions were taken
to the Nishizaka Hill, where they were tortured, and hung
upside down.
Ruiz refused to renounce Christianity and died
from blood loss and suffocation. His body was cremated,
with the ashes thrown into the sea. The cause of
beatification of St. Lorenzo Ruiz was written by a
respected historian, Fr. Fidel Villarroel, O.P. Ruiz was
beatified during Pope John Paul II’s papal visit to the
Philippines.
St. Lorenzo Ruiz was canonized by the same
pope in the Vatican on October 18, 1987, making him
the first Filipino saint. His canonization was based on a
miracle that took place in 1983, when Cecilia Alegria
Policarpio, a two-year old girl suffering from in-born brain
atrophy was cured after her family and supporters
prayed to Ruiz for his intercession. In Chicago, St.
Lorenzo Ruiz is enshrined at Old St. Mary’s Church.
ST. PEDRO CALUNGSOD
Historical research identifies Ginatilan in Cebu,
Hinunangan and Hinudayan in Southern Leyte, and the
Molo district of Iloilo City, as possible places of origin.
Regardless of his precise birthplace, all four locations
were within the territory of the Diocese of Cebu at the
time of Calungsod’s martyrdom.
In 1668, Calungsod, then around age 14, was
amongst the exemplary young catechists chosen to
accompany Spanish Jesuit missionaries to the Islas de
Los Ladrones (“Isles of Thieves”), which have since
been renamed the Marianas Islands the year before to
honor both the Virgin Mary and the mission’s
benefactress, Maria Ana of Austria, Queen Regent of
Spain.
Calungsod accompanied the priest Diego San
Vitores to Guam to catechize the native Chamorros.
Shortly after their arrival, a Chinese man named Choco,
a criminal from Manila who was exiled in Guam, began
spreading rumors that the baptismal water used by
missionaries was poisonous. As some sickly Chamorro
infants who were baptized died, many believed the story
and held the missionaries responsible.
Calungsod and San Vitores went to the village of
Tumon, Guam on April 2, 1672. They offered the village
ruler, Chief Matapang, an invitation to join the Christian
faith. However, influenced by Choco, Chief Matapang
refused the invitation and was determined to kill the
missionaries. Matapang searched for an accomplice and
found another villager, a pagan named Hirao, who
eventually acceded when Matapang branded him a
coward.
While Matapang was away from his house,
Calungsod and San Vitores baptized his baby girls, with
the consent of his wife, a Christian. This made Matapang
even more furious and led to the violent killing of
Calungsod and San Vitores. Matapang and Hirao
undressed the bodies of Calungsod and San Vitores,
tied large stones to their feet, and brought to Tumon
Bay, dumping the bodies in the water.
In 1980, Archbishop Ricardo Cardinal Vidal of
Cebu asked permission from the Vatican to initiate the
beatification and canonization cause of Pedro
Calungsod. In March 1997, the Sacred Congregation for
the Causes of Saints approved the beatification process.
Pope John Paul II approved in January 2000 the decree
concerning the martyrdom of Calungsod, setting his
beatification for March 5, 2000 at Saint Peter’s Square in
Rome. On December 19, 2011, the Holy See officially
approved the miracle qualifying Calungsod for sainthood
by the Roman Catholic Church.
Pope Benedict canonized Pedro Calungsod
October 21, 2012 on World Mission Sunday, 340 years
after his death. Filipino Cardinal Ricardo Jamin Vidal
concelebrated at the canonization Mass.
ST. TERESA OF AVILA
Teresa of Avila is one of the most influential
people in Christian history by any measure. She was one
of the greatest masters of Christian prayer, a mystic, a
religious reformer, the founder of seventeen convents,
the author of four works, and the foundress of seventeen
convents.
 Teresa was born in the fortress city of Avila in
1515. Her father, a wealthy merchant, had married into
the aristocracy. Teresa's grandfather was a converso,
one of the many Spanish Jews who converted to
Christianity under threat of exile.
Teresa's mother died when she was fourteen,
and her father arranged for her education in a local
convent. By the time she was twenty she had decided to
become a nun, a vocation motivated, she later
recognized, much more by the fear of purgatory than by
the love of God. Her father opposed this plan, but
Teresa, with characteristic willfulness, disobeyed his
wishes and an off to the Carmelite convent in Avila.
Within a year she had become so ill that her father came
to take her home. Her condition deteriorated to the point
that she fell into a coma and was thought to be dead. For
three years she was virtually paralyzed from the waist
down. Eventually she was well enough to return to her
monastery, but her spiritual life had grown tepid and
superficial.
At the age of thirty-nine, however, Teresa had
an experience of conversion. She decided to establish a
new reformed Carmelite house, returning to the spirit of
the original primitive rule of Carmel After strenuous
lobbying she finally won permission to undertake this
initiative. Her new convent was founded in Avila in 1562.
Her new community was known as the
Discalced (shoeless) Carmelites. In fact, the nuns wore
hemp sandals, but their name referred to the strict
poverty that was a feature of Teresa's reform. Her nuns
were to seek no endowments but to live entirely by alms
and their own labor.
From Avila Teresa went on to establish sixteen
other convents in Spain. In the meantime, she had to
endure opposition from within her Carmelite family,
suspicion from members of the hierarchy, and eventually
formal investigation by the dreaded Spanish Inquisition.
*John of the Cross, with whom she helped to inspire a
male branch of the Discalced Carmelites, had a direct
taste of these dan when he was for a time imprisoned in
the dungeon of the "Calced" Carmelite monastery in
Toledo.
Teresa blithely surmounted all obstacles in her
path. When asked how she intended to found a
monastery with only a handful of ducats in her purse,
she answered, "Teresa and this money are indeed
nothing: but God, Teresa and these ducats suffice." The
Inquisition was not her only concern. She also endured
sickness, hunger, and poverty along the way. One time
her cart overturned, throwing her into a muddy river.
Teresa died in 1582. She was canonized forty
years later. In 1970 s was the first woman to be named a
Doctor of the Church.
HOLY ROSARY
The Rosary is a Scripture-based prayer. It begins with
the Apostles' Creed, which summarizes the great
mysteries of the Catholic faith. The Lord’s Prayer which
introduces each mystery, is from the Gospels. The first
part of the Hail Mary is the angel's words announcing
Christ's birth and Elizabeth's greeting to Mary. St. Pius V
officially added the second part of the Hail Mary. The
Mysteries of the Rosary center on the events of Christ's
life. There are four sets of Mysteries: Joyful, Sorrowful,
Glorious and––added by Saint John Paul II in 2002––the
Luminous.
1. Make the Sign of the Cross.
2. Holding the Crucifix, say the Apostles' Creed.
3. On the first bead, say an Our Father.
4. Say one Hail Mary on each of the next three beads.
5. Say the Glory Be
6. For each of the five decades, announce the Mystery
then say the Our Father.
7. While fingering each of the ten beads of the decade,
next say ten Hail Mary’s while meditating on the
Mystery. Then say a Glory Be.
8. After saying the five decades, say the Hail, Holy
Queen, followed by this dialogue and prayer:
V. Pray for us, O holy Mother of God.
R. That we may be made worthy of the promises of
Christ.
JOYFUL MYSTERIES (Monday & Saturday)
 The Annunciation of Archangel Gabriel to the
Blessed Virgin
 The Visitation of the Blessed Virgin Mary
 The Birth of Jesus at Bethlehem (Nativity)
 The Presentation of Jesus in the Temple
 The Finding of the Child Jesus in the Temple
SORROWFUL MYSTERIES (Tuesday & Friday)
 The Agony of Jesus in the Garden of
Gethsemane
 The Scourging at the Pillar
 The Crowning with Thorns
 The Carrying of the Cross
 The Crucifixion and Death of Jesus in Mt.
Calvary
GLORIOUS MYTERIES (Wednesday & Sunday)
 The Resurrection of Jesus
 The Ascension of Jesus
 The Descent of the Holy Spirit upon the Apostles
 The Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary into
Heaven
 The Coronation of the Blessed Virgin Mary
LUMINOUS MYSTERIES (Thursday)
 The Baptism of Christ in the Jordan
 The Wedding Feast at Cana
 Jesus’ Proclamation of the Coming of the
Kingdom of God
 The Transfiguration
 The Institution of the Holy Eucharist

DRUG EDUCATION
 Smoking tobacco is the single most preventable
cause of death
 One or two alcoholic drinks may induce
talkativeness and drowsiness in one individual
 Not everyone who goes through drug rehab
needs to detox at a hospital or inpatient rehab
center
 The feeling of alienation from a larger social
body may result in more unfavorable attitudes
about alcohol and drugs.
 Pessimistic individuals can maintain abstinence
from alcohol/drugs, but they have difficulty
trusting others.
FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO DRUG ADDICTION
1. Risk Taking Behavior – labeled as edge
walkers
2. Pessimism – looking at negative side of
situation
3. Poor future Orientation – individuals who see
their future as unfavorable or having a short-
range view
4. Conditioning and Substance Abuse – has
memorable feeling attached to the first use
5. Socio-cultural Factors – alienation from a
larger social body
CAFFEINE ADDICTION
• Also known as the world’s most widely
consumed psychoactive drug that temporarily
warding off drowsiness and restoring alertness
• It is a stimulant, and it is a highly addictive
substance when overly used
ALCOHOL
Acts as a depressant on the central nervous
system. It enters the brain easily and is uniformly
found in all body fluids.
Drug categories
 depressants — slow down the function of the
central nervous system
 hallucinogens — affect your senses and
change the way you see, hear, taste, smell or
feel things
 stimulants — speed up the function of the
central nervous system
Common Types of Drugs
1. MDMA (ecstasy) – stands for
methylenedioxymethamphetamine or Moly. The desired
effects include altered sensations and increased energy,
empathy, and pleasure. When taken by mouth, effects
begin after 30–45 minutes and last 3–6 hours.
2. Shabu – it enters the brain more rapidly producing a
rush of euphoria when injected or smoked, brings also to
go on compulsive abuse of drugs
3. Heroin– it was originally manufactured as remedy for
morphine addiction. Medically it is used in several
countries to relieve pain or in opioid replacement
therapy.
4. Barbiturates– a sedative-hypnotic class of drugs and
are widely prescribed to decrease central nervous
system activity
5. Amphetamines – a central nervous system
stimulants. Recently prescribed by the physicians for
conditions such as obesity, depression, and narcolepsy.
6. Cocaine – also known as coke, is a strong stimulant
mostly used as a recreational drug. It is commonly
snorted, inhaled as smoke, or dissolved and injected into
a vein.
7. LSD – Lysergic acid diethylamide, also known as acid,
is a hallucinogenic drug. Effects typically include altered
thoughts, feelings, and awareness of one's
surroundings.
8. Marijuana– Also known as cannabis, is the most used
illicit drug in the world. It alters the mood and affects
nearly every organ in the body.
9. Inhalants– are volatile substances that produce
chemical vapors that can be inhaled to induce a
psychoactive, or mind-altering, effect.
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9165
Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002
It is the policy of the State to safeguard the
integrity of its territory and the well-being of its citizenry
particularly the youth, from the harmful effects of
dangerous drugs on their physical and mental well-being
Unlawful Acts and Penalties
The penalty of life imprisonment to death and a
ranging from Five hundred thousand pesos
(P100,000.00) to Ten million pesos (P10,000,000.00)
shall be imposed upon any person, who, unless
authorized by law.
Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA)
An agency responsible for the
efficient law enforcement of all provisions on any
dangerous drugs and/or precursors and essential
chemicals.
SELF-AWARENESS
Self-awareness- a journey towards self-
discovery
Self-assessment- It is the ability to know our
inner resources, abilities, and limits and to be
aware of our strengths and weaknesses
Self-confidence- This is the belief in your own
self, your capability to accomplish the task
Internal self-awareness- is how clearly you see
your values, passions, and aspirations, and how
well those standards fit with your environment
and your reactions
External self-awareness- is the ability to clearly
see how other people view you
The Public Self – part of ourselves that we are
happy to share with others and discuss openly
The private Self – There are often parts of
ourselves that too private to share with others.
We hide these away and refuse to discuss them
with other people or even expose them in any
way.
The blind self – we often assume the public and
private selves are all that we are. However, the
views the others have of us may be different
from those we have ourselves
The uncovered self – is one in which neither
we nor other people see.
VALUES DEVELOPMENT
Filipino Values- standards or principles set forth
by the Filipino society as basis for what is right
or wrong
Values- are considered by the society as
desirable and important and have attained the
status as moral impetus behind every action of
each member geared towards the desired end or
goal.
TYPES OF VALUE ORIENTATION
The economic man is primarily oriented toward
what is useful.
The theoretical man is primarily interested in
the discovery of truth, in the systematic ordering
of his knowledge.
The Political man is oriented toward power, not
necessarily in politics but in whatever area he
works.
The aesthetic man finds his main interest in the
artistic aspects of life although he need not be a
creative artist.
The social man is primarily oriented toward the
well-being of the people.
TYPES OF VALUES
1. Universal Values –unanimous agreement as to
the importance of them. These would include
sanctity of human life
2. Instrumental Values – these are values that
can be used to get something else.
3. Intrinsic Values – something has intrinsic worth
simply because of what it is and not necessarily
what it will lead to or because of its acceptance.
4. Prerequisite Values – these are values that are
necessary before you can get to some bigger
goal
5. Paramount Values – it is the value which is all
other things
6. Operative Values –the ways that we make
judgments on how to live the rest of our lives
7. Personal values- are generally described as
rather stable broad life goals that are important
to people in their lives and guide their
perception, judgments, and behavior
8. Cultural Values – it is dependent on the social
norms, religious beliefs, and other environmental
situations of people.
THE MANY FACES OF THE FILIPINO
 Our Family Orientation
 Our Faith in God and our Religiosity
THE STRENGTHS OF FILIPINO CHARACTER
Pakikipagkapwa –tao
Family Orientation
Joy and Humor
Flexibility, Adaptability, Creativity
Hard Work and Industry
Faith and Religiosity
Ability to Survive
WEAKNESS OF FILIPINO CHARACTER
Extreme Personalism
Extreme Family Centeredness
Lack of Discipline
Passivity and Lack of initiative
Colonial Mentally
Kanya-kanya Syndrome
Lack of Self- Analysis and Self-Reflection
Filipino Indolence
Maňana Habit
The Fiesta Syndrome
Hospitality