Unit 6: Global warming

Nouns

1.outline /ˈaʊtlaɪn/ Dàn ý 2.content /ˈkɒntent/ Nội dung

3.cause /kɔːz/ Nguyên nhân 4.vehicle /ˈviːəkl/ Phương tiện giao

thông

5.fertilizer /ˈfɜːtəlaɪzə(r)/ Phân bón hóa học 6.deforestation /ˌdiːˌfɒrɪ Sự phá rừng
ˈsteɪʃn/

7.industry /ˈɪndəstri/ Ngành công 8.effect /ɪˈfekt/ Tác động

nghiệp

9.disease /dɪˈziːz/ Bệnh tật 10.death /deθ/ Cái chết

11.substance /ˈsʌbstəns/ Chất 12.temperature ˈtemprətʃə(r)/ Nhiệt độ

13.human/ˈhjuːmən/ con người 13.environmentalist /ɪnvaɪrən Nhà nghiên cứu

ˈmentəlɪst/ môi trường

14.rubbish /ˈrʌbɪʃ/ Rác 15.extinction /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃn/ Sự tuyệt chủng

16.risk /rɪsk/ Nguy cơ 17.electricity /ɪˌlekˈtrɪsəti/ Điện

18.demand /dɪˈmɑːnd/ Nhu cầu 19.farming /ˈfɑːmɪŋ/ Canh tác

20.drought /draʊt/ Hạn hán 21.flood /flʌd/ Lũ lụt

22.famine /ˈfæmɪn/ Nạn đói 23.disappearance /dɪsə Sự biến mất

ˈpɪərəns/

24.atmosphere Không khí 25.oxygen /ˈɒksɪdʒən/ Khí ô xy

/ˈætməsfɪə(r)/

26. carbon dioxide Khí Co2 27. authority /ɔːˈθɒrəti/ Chính quyền
/ˌkɑːbən daɪˈɒksaɪd/

28.consumption /kən Sự tiêu thụ 29.surface /ˈsɜːfɪs/ Bề mặt

ˈsʌmpʃn/

Verbs

1.admit /ədˈmɪt/ Thừa nhận 2.deny /dɪˈnaɪ/ Chối bỏ

3. contribute (to) /kən Góp phần vào 4.treat /triːt/ Đối xử

ˈtrɪbjuːt/

5.spread /spred/ Lan rộng 6.threaten /ˈθretn/ Đe dọa

7.release /rɪˈliːs/ Thải ra 8.reduce /rɪˈdjuːs/ Giảm

9.occur /əˈkɜː(r)/ Xuất hiện 10.measure /ˈmeʒə(r)/ Đo lường

11.realize /ˈriːəlaɪz/ Nhận ra 11.identify /aɪˈdentɪfaɪ/ Xác định

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12.suffer (from)/ˈsʌfə(r)/ Chịu đựng 13.ignore /ɪɡˈnɔː(r)/ Phớt lờ

14.suspect /səˈspekt/ Nghi ngờ 15.praise /preɪz/ Ca ngợi

17.dump /dʌmp/ Đổ, xả 18.disrupt /dɪsˈrʌpt/ Làm gián đoạn

19.harvest /ˈhɑːvɪst/ Thu hoạch 20.predict /prɪˈdɪkt/ Tiên đoán

21.damage /ˈdæmɪdʒ/ Tàn phá 22.exist /ɪɡˈzɪst Tồn tại

23.absorb /əbˈzɔːb/ Hấp thụ 24.surround /səˈraʊnd/ Bao quanh

25. slow down /sləʊ daʊn/ Làm chậm lại 26.criticize /ˈkrɪtɪsaɪz/ Chỉ trích

27. fine /faɪn/ Phạt 28.preserve /prɪˈzɜːv/ Giữ gìn

29.recylce /ˌriːˈsaɪkl/ Tái chế 30.affect /əˈfekt/ Tác động

Adjectives

1.infectious /ɪnˈfekʃəs/ Lây nhiễm 2. severe /sɪˈvɪə(r)/ Nghiêm trọng

3.catastrophic /ˌkætə Thảm khốc 4.rapid /ˈræpɪd/ Nhanh chóng

ˈstrɒfɪk/

5.alarming /əˈlɑːmɪŋ/ Đáng báo động 6.widespread/ˈwaɪdspred/ Phổ biến rộng rãi

7.extraordinary /ɪk Phi thường 8.unusual /ʌnˈjuːʒuəl/ Bất thường

ˈstrɔːdnri/

Phrases

1.global warming Việc nóng lên toàn 2.gas emission /ɡæs ɪˈmɪʃn/ Sự thải khí
/ˈɡləʊbl /ˈwɔːmɪŋ/ cầu

3.ecological balance /ˌiːkə Cân bằng sinh thái 4.come up with solution /kʌm Đưa ra, nghĩ ra
ˈlɒdʒɪkl ˈbæləns/ ʌp wɪð səˈluːʃn/ giải pháp

5.food production /prə Sản xuất thực 6.climate change /ˈklaɪmət Biến đổi khí hậu
ˈdʌkʃn/ /fuːd phẩm tʃeɪndʒ/

7.fossil fuel /ˈfɒsl fjuːəl/ Năng lượng hóa 8.make way for /meɪk weɪ Lấy chỗ để làm gì
thạch fə(r)/ đó

9.alternative energy /ɔːl năng lượng thay 10.cut down /kʌt daʊn/ Đốn, chặt
ˈtɜːnətɪv ˈenədʒi/ thế

11.natural disaster Thảm họa thiên 12.water shortage /ˈwɔːtə(r Thiếu nước
/ˈnætʃrəl dɪˈzɑːstə(r)/ nhiên ˈʃɔːtɪdʒ/

13.natural Tài nguyên thiên 14.forest fire /ˈfɒrɪst ˈfaɪə(r)/ Cháy rừng
resource/ˈnætʃrəl /rɪˈsɔːs/ nhiên

15.ran out /ræn aʊt/ Cạn kiệt 16.greenhouse effect Hiệu ứng nhà kính
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 /ˈɡriːnhaʊs ɪˈfekt/

Ex I: Find the word which has a different sound in the part underlined

1. A. effect B. fertilizer C. extinction D. electricity

2. A. preserve B. disease C. measure D. praise

3. A. northern B. death C. thunder D. threaten

4. A. substance B. human C. consumption D. rubbish

5. A. demanded B. surrounded C. produced D. existed

6. A. natural B. alternative C. unusual D. farming

7. A. food B. childhood C. footstep D. bookshop

8. A. famine B. atmosphere C. admission D. balance

9. A. oxygen B. ignore C. damage D. shortage

10. A. deny B. authority C. identity D. extraordinary

Ex II: Circle the word with a different stress pattern from the others

1. A. harvest B. rejection C. resources D. suspect

2. A. disease B. vehicle C. disaster D. predict

3. A. authority B. alternative C. ecology D. measurement

4. A. realize B. suffer C. release D. fertilizer

5. A. environment B. identity C. repeat D. oxygen

6. A. telephone B. unusual C. existence D. production

7. A. widespread B. viewpoint C. occur D. differences

8. A. contribute B. global C. reduction D. ignore

9. A. demand B. temperature C. history D. cultural

10. A. financial B. transform C. technology D. substance

Ex III: Odd one out

1. A. catastrophic B. disaster C. infectious D. alarming

2. A. energy B. preserve C. criticize D. predict

3. A. resource B. electricity C. ecological D. surface

4. A. carbon dioxide B. oxygen C. hydrogen D. absorb

5. A. recycle B. emission C. fertilizer D. pesticide

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6. A. natural B. chemical C. extraordinary D. temperature

7. A. drought B. damage C. famine D. flood

8. A. rescue B. injury C. death D. disease

9. A. spread B. threaten C. destroy D. forestation

10. A. ignore B. disrupt C. surround D. authority

Ex IV: Choose the best answer

1. Greenhouse gas emissions from factories and vehicles have ……………..to air pollution.

A. brought B. contributed C. resulted D. caused

2. Our group is going to make a presentation about the causes and ……………of global warming on
people’s health and life on Earth.

A. effects B. reasons C. solutions D. problems

3. We all realize that the factory has produced ……………..amount of carbon dioxide.

A. inclusive B. impressive C. intensive D. excessive

4. A large amount of poisonous gases are ……………. into the atmosphere by burning fossil fuels.

A. brought B. released C. published D. turned

5. ………………….temperature could also lead to the extinction many rare species.

A. decreasing B. developing C. rising D. raising

6. Because local people have cut ………….. the forests to make way for farming, they have to suffer its
effects now.

A. down B. up C. over D. out

7. Many tourists have ………………lots of rubbish onto the beach. As a result, the local environment is
badly polluted.

A. put B. dumped C. extended D. spread

8. When coal is burnt to ……………electricity, it releases a large amount of carbon dioxide into the
atmosphere.

A. increase B. improve C. disrupt D. generate

9. The increase in temperature globally can reduce crop harvest which may lead to………………...

A. earthquake B. flood C. famine D. drought

10. Humans can cut down on ……………use by using LED light bulbs and unplug unused electronic
devices in their homes.

A. energy B. resource C. surface D. fuel

Ex V: Match the words with the pictures

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 Famine Flood Forest fire Deforestation

Water shortage Drought Ice melt Global warming

Gas emission Fertilizer Wild animals earthquake

1. 2. 3. 4.

5. 6. 7. 8.

9. 10. 11. 12.

Ex VI: Circle the best word

1. Global warming results/leads to climate change which enables some infectious diseases to spread more
easily.

2. Climate change is a long-term/short-term change in the earth’s weather due to changes in the
atmosphere.

3. The factory was finally punished/fined as it had dumped tons of toxic waste into the river.

4. The rise in temperature around the earth’s atmosphere is one of the biggest challenges coping/facing
humans nowadays.

5. Another scary effect of global warming is the appearance/disappearance of millions of species in the
world.

6. Riding a bicycle can help to increase/reduce the amount of emissions from the burning of petrol in
vehicles.

7. Planting trees or plants wherever they can grow is beneficial as trees absorb carbon dioxide and give/take
off oxygen.

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8. Human beings have to affect/suffer extreme weather patterns such as severe storms, heat waves, floods
and droughts.

9. Cutting/Putting down on energy use is believed to be the best way to help reduce global warming.

10. Due to deforestation and loss of habitat, many rare species are disrupted/threatened with extinction.

Ex VII: Match the verbs in column A with those in column B

A B

1. have a. sea levels

2. reduce b. a large amount of electricity used

3.conserve c. some possible solutions

4.increase d. serious consequences

5.spread e. natural resources

6. save f. more trees

7.give g. awareness of environmental protection

8.plant h. lives of hundreds of wild animals

9.raise i. significant contributions

10.make j. infectious diseases

Ex VIII: Match the words with their definitions

1.infectious a. existing or happening over a large area or among many people

2.fertilizer b. the increase in temperature of the earth’s atmosphere that is caused

by the increase of particular gases, especially carbon dioxide

3.ecology c. the production or sending out of light, heat, gas

4.global warming d. the act of cutting down or burning trees in an area

5. emission e. a substance added to oil to make plants grow more successfully

6.widespread f. a situation in which a plant, an animal stops existing

7.alternative g. a lack of food for a long period of time in a region

8.extinction h. can be passed easily from one person to another, especially through
air or water

9.famine i. the relation of plants and living creatures to each other and to their
environment

10.deforestation j. a thing that you can choose to do or have out of two or more
possibilities

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Ex IX: Fill in the gap with a suitable word/phrase given

dangers protection emissions farming quality

consumption diseases disasters climate chemical

1. Global warming also results in severe weather-related natural ……………such as droughts and floods that
can kill a great number of people and.

2. The deforestation for ………….and wood contributes to higher temperatures which lead to the melting of
polar ice caps and rising of se levels.

3. There are some solutions to help protect the environment such as planting trees, raising money for wildlife
protection and raising people’s awareness of environmental ………………….

4. Since farmers used too much …………..fertilizer on their farm, water in the area is seriously polluted.

5. It is a common belief that humans are responsible for environmental …………………and conservation.

6. Scientists are accused of not having reported the effects of …………..change.

7. Environmental protection is all about changing …………….habits and taking care of the environment.

8. Different nations all over the world join hands to cut greenhouse gas ………………and reduce natural
resource consumption.

9. The effects of daily pollution exposures can be cell death and serious fatal …………………

10. Understanding important concepts is essential in order to be able to develop a self-management plan for a
better ……………..of life.

Ex X: Fill in the gaps with the correct form of the word in brackets

1. Having treated the environment…………………, human beings now have to suffer the effects of global
warming. (RESPONSILBE)

2. Global warming has severe impact on water supplies, threatens food production and upsets
……………………balance (ECOLOGY)

3. The ………………..effect of global warming is the rise in sea levels worldwide, which could make
millions of people lose their homes. (BAD)

4. Widespread loss of species is a matter of great concern for human beings since we cannot live without
species………………on Earth. (DIVERSE)

5. Since people become too heavily ………………..on the use electricity, they have to find alternative
sources of energy before fossil fuels run out in the future. (DEPEND)

6. The local citizens are …………………criticized for dumping a lot of rubbish on the beach. (STRONG)

7. For some citizens, environmental protection and …………… means stopping the growth and development
of technology and society. (CONSERVE)

8. Many rare animals are in danger of ………..……..due to the loss of their habitat and inability to adapt
with climate change. (EXTINCT)

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9. Globally, two million tons of sewage, industrial and ………………..waste products are emitted into local
water resources every day. (AGRICULTURE)

10. Pollution, …………………….development and high population levels are all considered to be threats to
the conservation of natural resources. (SUSTAIN)

B. GRAMMAR REVIEW

* PHÂN TỪ: 2 LOẠI

Present participle (phân từ hiện tại): + Ving (dùng cho active): đơn

+ Having PII: hoàn thành

Past participle (phân từ quả khử): + PII (Passive)

+ Having been PII

1. Một chủ ngữ thực hiện hai hay nhiều hoạt động đồng thời

S+ V1......., Ving......

Ex: - He walked along the street, singing massively.

- My neighbor fell off the ladder, breaking three teeth.

2. Kết hợp 2 câu đơn

S1 + V1 …...., S2 + V2 ............

→ Ving / Having PII ............ , S1 + V2

→ PII / having been PII , S1 + V2

Ex: Susan felt tired. She went to bed early.

→ Feeling tired, Susan went to bed early.

Ex: He was punished by the teacher. He was sad.

→ Punished by the teacher, he was sad.

Ex: They have lived here for a long time. They know about it clearly.

→ Having lived here for a long time, they know about it clearly.

3. Rút gọn mệnh đề quan hệ:

S(N) + Ving + ... + be/V...

S(N) + PII (chia thì) + be/V...

S + be/ V + O(N) │ + Ving

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 (chia thì) │ + PII

Ex: The man who lives next to me is a doctor.

→ The man living next to me is a doctor.

Ex: Many things considered impossible in the past have come in reality now.

Bài 1: Complete the sentences with the perfect participle.

1. (park) the car, we searched for the ticket machine.

2. (drink) one liter of water, she really needed to go to the toilet.
3. (leave) the party too early, we couldn't see the fireworks anymore.
4. (finish) her phone call, she went back to work.
5. (lose) ten kilograms, Daisy finally fit into her favorite dress again.

Bài 2: Complete the sentences with the perfect participle. Decide whether to use active or passive
voice.
1. (stop) the car, the police officer wanted to see the documents.
2. (write) the test, we felt relieved
3. (work) all day, we were quite exhausted in the evening.
4. (send) to counter 20,1 had to return to counter 3.
5. (confess), he was accused of even more criminal offences.
6. (arrive) at the station, we called a taxi.
7. (type) by the secretary, the letter was signed by the boss.
8. (interrupt) several times, she was rather annoyed.
9. (live) in Oxford for two years, she spoke English like a native speaker.
10. (rescue), the injured man was taken to hospital.

Bài 3: Rewrite the sentences replacing the underlined part with a perfect participle.
1. We switched off the lights before we went to bed.
………………………………………., we went to bed.
2. The boy asked his mother's permission and then went out to play.
………………………………………., the boy went out to play.
3. As he had drunk too much, he didn't drive home himself.
………………………………………, he didn't drive home himself.
4. We have written two tests today, so we are very exhausted.
‘’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’’, we are very exhausted.
5. She filled the washing machine and switched it on.
………………………………………, she switched it on.
6. She had been to the disco the night before and overslept in the morning.
……………………………………….., she overslept in the morning.
7. We had worked in the garden all day and were sunburned in the evening.
…………………………………………, we were sunburned in the evening.
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8. She had not slept for two days and therefore wasn't able to concentrate.
…………………………………………, she wasn't able to concentrate.
9. Since I had not seen him for ages, I didn't recognize him.
…………………………………………., I didn't recognize him.
10. I had not ridden a horse for a long time and found it very difficult to keep in the saddle
………………………………………….., I found it very difficult to keep in the saddle.
Bài 4: Change the underlined part of the sentence into a participle clause.
1. We are lying in the sun and we are enjoying life.
……………………………………………, we are enjoying life.
2. The boy had brushed his teeth. He was allowed to watch a few more minutes of television.
………………………………………….., the boy was allowed to watch a few more minutes of television.
3. The children sat on their beds and watched the thunderstorm.
……………………………….., the children watched the thunderstorm.
4. They were surprised by a sudden storm and had to seek shelter under a tree.
………………………………., they had to seek shelter under a tree.
5. When they had found the secret island, they started searching for the treasure.
……………………………., they started searching for the treasure.
Bài 7: Choose the best answer.
1. He thought that such a trifle was not worth
A. being mentioned B. having mentioned C. mentioning D. to be mentioned
2. I'm surprised at your this book so quickly. How did you manage to do it?
A. being read B. having read C. having been read D. reading
3. I thought of Tim for help, but then I decided to ask Linda.
A. asking B. having asked C. my asking D. to ask

4. The fear for what he had done made him run away.
A. being punished B. of being punished C. of punishing D. to be punished
5. This work should be no problem for him. He is used to it.
A. being done B. do C. doing D. having done

6. She was tired. She didn't feel capable anything.

A. doing B. about doing C. fordoing D. of doing

7. He apologized in advance for to see us during our visit.

A. being not able B. having been not able C. not being able D. not having been able
8. It is no use it. He is not listening to you.
A. by repeating B. in repeating C. of repeating D. repeating
9. We have no objection him.
A. for inviting B. of inviting C. to inviting D. to invite

10. I was reading a book when she burst into my room without
A. being seen B. knocking C. saying goodbye D. turning on the light
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