LESSON

2
THE NATURE AND MEANING OF
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Your personal definition of
Physical Education in one
sentence.
What is Physical Education?
It is an educational process
that aims to improve human
development and performance
through physical activity. It
tends to take place at school
through formal lessons, but
includes informal activity
such as play.
According to Angela Lumkin,
Physical Education is a
process through which an
individual obtains optimal
physical, mental, and
social skills and fitness
through physical activity.
Physical education has a
holistic view within a
societal context that
identifies the interdependence
of personal health with
societal health and
environmental health
On an individual level, Physical
Education is an agent for health and
wellness that can promote personal
responsibility and control for active
lifestyle. However, equally as
important, Physical Education focuses
students’ attention on understanding the
problems of the social environment that
may inhibit them and others from
pursuing active lifestyle.
Physical Education is an area
in which physical activity is
valued and integrated into
daily living. It is anchored
in three fundamental axiom
that leads to these guiding
principles:
INDIVIDUAL
It recognizes that people are
active for all sorts of reasons-
work, play,challenge and
achievement, health and
personal development,
contemplation and relaxation,
creative and cultural
expression, and social
interaction
SOCIAL
It focuses on individual, but
it also recognizes that social
norms and values, variable
resources, influential
learners, and other factor
affect our choices and
opportunities for participation
Inclusive
It provides essential ways to
express who we are as
individuals or groups. It is a
right of all,regardless of
ability, age, gender, race,
ethic background, religion,
socio-economic status, or
educational achievement.
(Jamaica Gleamer, 2015)
 The Foundation of
Physical Education
1.SOCIO-CULTURAL FOUNDATIONS
The Cultural Foundations of Physical
Education are sport history and sport
philosophy, this include our heritage in
thought and deed,our philosophy, our
history, our art, our literature.
Social foundations are sport sociology and
exercise and sport psychology.
2.SCIENTIFIC FOUNDATIONS
The Scientific Foundations are concerned with
social phenomena. Along with the science areas
are motor behavior, which branches from
psychology but includes aspects of the
scientific foundations,biomechanics and
exercise physiology.
(“The Academic Foundations of Exercise Science and
Kinesiology”,2013)
3.PEDAGOGICAL FOUNDATIONS
The curriculum for PE builds on the prior
knowledge and skills that students will have
obtained through the Basic Education PE
Curriculum. The concepts on fitness and health
will be strengthened and new elements on
sports psychology,biomechanics, and sports and
recreation will be added in the senior
secondary PE curriculum.
These will be continued in the college
PE curriculum to enhance the six strands
in PE and develop students’
collaboration and communication
skills,creativity and critical thinking
skills as a basis for further studies
and career development
The PE Curriculum will also help to
promote the development of a life-long
interest in sport participation.

(“Framework for Physical Education,2014”)
 The Sub disciplines of
Physical Education
PROGRAM
1.EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY
Is devoted to how the
body functions during
exercise
2.SPORTS BIOMECHANICS
Is concerned with the
effects of natural laws and
forces on the human body
during sporting activities
Biomechanics of Volleyball Spike
3.SPORTS PSYCHOLOGY
Covers two areas of interest:
motor skill learning and motor
performance.
4.MOTOR BEHAVIOR
Deals with the learning and
improvement of physical skills
MOTOR CONTROL
MOTOR LEARNING
MOTOR DEVELOPMENT
5.SPORT PHILOSOPHY
Attempts to define and clarify sport and
the sporting experience to determine the
place and meaning of sport in our lives.
6.SPORT HISTORY
Is the critical examination of the past,with
a focus on event, people, and trends that
influenced the development and direction of
the field
7.SPORT SOCIOLOGY
Is concerned with the social behavior of
people in the sport setting, both
individually and as a group.
8.MOVEMENT PEDAGOGY
Is concerned with teaching, particularly teaching
play and the skills used in sorting situations.It
includes the study of the teaching methods and
many other elements tied to the concerns of the
profession of Physical Education.
THE PURPOSE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION
The eventual purpose of Physical Education should
be guide students in the process of becoming
physically active for the rest of their lives.

But how can you become more active in life?
What will you do to be physically active for the
rest of your life.

See the example on how to GET ACTIVE FOR LIFE and
then create create your own GET ACTIVE FOR LIFE
acronym
G- Goal Setting
E- Enjoyment
T- Time Management

A- Attitude
C- Confidence In Abilities
T- TV and Video games restraint to avoid prolonged periods of inactivity
I- Intrinsic Motivation
V- Various Health Benefits
E- Education about how to be active

F- Family,Friends, and Peer Influences.
O- Old age is not a barrier and just a number
R- Recreational programs involvement

L- Love life and carpe denim
I- Interpersonal skills
F- Facility and Equipment access
E- Economic status, Health and Well-being
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF PHYSICAL
EDUCATION

G- O- Old age is not a barrier and

According to Ray Sam,the study of Physical Education is
essential for the following top 5 reasons:

1. Physical Education enhances an individual’s ability
to concentrate and maintain focus;

2. Physical Education is important for healthy growth
and development;

3. Physical Education prevents sleep deprivation;

4. Physical Education helps in relieving stress and
anxiety; and

5. Physical Education makes an individual flexible and
happy.
( Sam, R. “Top 5 Reasons Why Physical Education Is As Important
As Schoolwork”, 2017)
CONSEQUENCES OF PHYSICAL INACTIVITY

 Physical inactivity can:
1. Lead to energy imbalance and can
increase the risk of becoming overweight
or obese
 Physical inactivity can:
2. Increase the risk of factors that cause
cardiovascular disease, including
hyperlipidemia,high blood pressure,obesity,
and insulin resistance and glucose
intolerance
 Physical inactivity can:
3. Increase the risk for developing type 2
diabetes.
 Physical inactivity can:

4. Increase the risk for developing
breast,colon,endometrial, and lung cancers.
 Physical inactivity can:
5. Lead to low bone density,which in turn,leads to
osteoporosis.

Center for Disease and Control Prevention “Physical Activity Fact,” 2018)
PHYSICAL EDUCATION DIFFERENTIATED
PHYSICAL EDUCATION VS PHYSICAL ACTIVITY

Is the teaching and Any bodily movement

leading of physical
activity in a school
produced by skeletal
muscles that

gymnasium or other
school setting. It’s
requires energy
expenditure. It
goal is to improve encompasses all
and maintain
activities,at any
students’ current
intensity, performed
health and set them
during the 24 hour
on a path to maintain
a healthy lifestyle day
throughout their
lives.
(Learn.org,What Is (Wikipedia,”Physical
Physical Education?” n.d.)
Activity”2018)

PHYSICAL EDUCATION VS SPORT
Helps students Refers to an
develop related

skills,knowledge and
institutionalized
game. Through sport
attitudes for leading participation, student

and enjoying an
active and healthy
can understand and
develop many core
lifestyle; as well as
values such as
confidence and
national
competence through
identity,perseverance,
facing challenges in
a wide range of commitment,responsibil
activities (“What is the ity,respect to
difference between PE and others,love and
Sport?” Physical Education care,integrity,collabo
(PE) Frequently asked
Question,n.d))
ration,solidarity,fair
play,etc.



PHYSICAL EDUCATION VS PHYSICAL EXERCISE
Is an educational Any bodily activity or
course related of
movement that enhances
maintaining the human and maintains overall
body through physical health and physical

exercise. It is taken fitness is called
during primary, physical
secondary education,
exercise.Exercise is of
and tertiary
various types such as
education and
aerobics,anaerobics,and
encourages
psychomotor learning flexibility exercise.
(Siddiqui,NI,Nessa A,and Hossain
in play or movement MA, “Physical Exercise,”2010)
exploration settings
to promote health.
(Anderson,D.”The Discipline
and the Profession”,1989)