Dsfmndturd9

Fnvastfmdgf÷n Ohrjdtfvd.

Nhjcra Kab [ajd9

Ansdyh ‒Bd Fnvastfmdgf÷n Ghntdcba

Ghntdcba Dpbfgdkd D Qn
Qn Ghntaxth Whgfdb.

Prasantd9

Jdyarbyn Mubbhsh Ghntrards. FK9 =0=767

Kfdnd Gdrhbfnd Bfzgdnh Gapakd. FK9 =4?600

Khganta9

Jyrfdj Aumanfd Paôd Jdrtênaz.

 

Fntrhkuggf÷n.

Bd fnvastfmdgf÷n as ab jhthr ka kasdrrhbbh ka gudbqufar prhoasf÷n y kfsgfpbfnd, dspagth qua nh as

dianh d bd Ghntdcfbfkdk< sfn ajcdrmh, bds prfngfpdbas grêtfgds an rabdgf÷n ghn bd fnvastfmdgf÷n

ghntdcba sa gantrdn an qua bhs trdcdihs shn jdyhrjanta tægnfghs, edy asgdshs dphrtas d bh shgfdb,

sa ghnt
ghntfnù
fnùdd prhk
prhkugf
ugfank
ankhh fno
fnohrj
hrjdgf
dgf÷n
÷n bf
bfjft
jftdkd
dkd pdrd
pdrd katarj
katarjfnd
fndkhs
khs usudrfh
usudrfhs,
s, antra
antra htrds.
htrds. Bd

fnvastfmdgf÷n ghntdcba an Ghbhjcfd ed avhbugfhndkh ka bd jdnh kab prhmrash prhoasfhndb y bhs

 prhmrdjds dgdkæjfghs. Ab ohr

ohrtdbagfjfanth
tdbagfjfanth ka bd kkfsgfpbfnd
fsgfpbfnd sa kaca prfngfpdbjanta d prhgashs ka

fnvastfmdgf÷n ohrjdtfvd y db kasdrrhbbh ka bd fnvastfmdgf÷n prhpfdjanta kfged -fnvastfmdgf÷n

ohrjdb kaofnan astd ùbtfjd ghjh9 Dquabbd qua sa fnstftugfhndbfzd, gujpbfankh unhs träjftas

ohrjdbas, y sa jdtarfdbfzd phr jakfh ka prhyagths ka fnvastfmdgf÷n, bhs gudbas sa radbfzdn ka

dguarkh ghn unds bênads tajätfgds, bbdjdkds bênads ka fnvastfmdgf÷n, kantrh ka bhs mruphs. An

asta tfph ka fnvastfmdgf÷n, bds fnstftugfhnas kacan prhpankar phr mdrdntfzdr und astrugturd qua

 prhpfgfa aspdgfhs pdrd ab dkagudkh kasdrrhbbh

k asdrrhbbh ka bd fnvastfmdgf÷n y, phr anka, kab ghnhgfjfanth.

Astd kaofnfgf÷n parjfta avfkangfdr und sarfa ka odgthras fjphrtdntas pdrd su dnäbfsfs tdbas ghjh9

bhs prhyagths ka fnvastfmdgf÷n aiagutdkhs, bds bênads ka fnvastfmdgf÷n dmrupdnkh bds kfoarantas

ärads ka fntaræs y bhs fnvastfmdkhras prhpfdjanta rabdgfhndkhs ghn bhs prhmrdjds y ghn bhs

aspdgfhs
aspdgfhs prhpfg
prhpfgfdkhs
fdkhs phr bds fnstftugf
fnstftugfhnas.
hnas. Ghn asths abajanth
abajanthss sa pratanka astdcbagar
astdcbagar dspagths

kasgrfptfvhs qua raspdbkdn bd fnvastfmdgf÷n ohrjdb y bds gdrdgtarêstfgds ka bd fnvastfmdgf÷n

ghntdcba.

Kantrh ka bds astrdtamfds ka fnvastfmdgf÷n ohrjdtfvd sa anguantrdn bhs ghnmrashs h avanths,

khnka bhs astukfdntas tfanan bd phsfcfbfkdk ka asgrfcfr y jhstrdr sus rasubtdkhs dnta bd ghjunfkdk

dgdkæjfgd. Ghn cdsa an bh dntarfhr dbmunds fnstftugfhnas pùcbfgds y prfvdkds an Ghbhjcfd edn
 

vanfkh kasdrrhbbdnkh astd astrdtamfd, qua vfsfcfbfzd bhs prhyagths y prhkugths fnvastfmdtfvhs

radbfzdkhs phr astukfdntas. Dkfgfhndbjanta, sa fngbuyan htrds astrdtamfds ghjh bds pucbfgdgfhnas

ka ast
astukf
ukfdn
dnta
tass y bh
bhss tr
trdc
dcdi
dihs
hs ka mrdkh
mrdkh,, qu
quaa ka fm
fmud
udbb oh
ohrj
rjdd gh
ghnt
ntrf
rfcuy
cuyan
an d fn
fngan
gantf
tfvdr
vdr bd

 pdrtfgfpdgf÷n ka astukfdntas an prhgashs ka fnvastfmdgf÷n.

fnvas tfmdgf÷n.

Ghn raspagth d bds pucbfgdgfhnas ghjh aia ka vfsfcfbfzdrêdn ka bd prhkuggf÷n ka ghnhgfjfanth, as

avfkanta qua bhs dvdngas edn astdkh jakfdkhs phr und sarfa ka phbêtfgds ndgfhndbas anohgdkds an

ohrtdbagar bd fnvastfmdgf÷n qua sa kasdrrhbbd an bds Fnstftugfhnas ka Akugdgf÷n Wuparfhr, antra bds

qua sa kastdgd
kastdgdn9
n9 ab fngraj
fngrajanth
anth an bds dsfmndgfhn
dsfmndgfhnas
as prasupuastdbas
prasupuastdbas kastfndkds
kastfndkds d bd fnvastfmdgf÷n,
fnvastfmdgf÷n,

ab kasdrrhbbh ka jdastrêds y khgthrdkhs, bd ghnaxf÷n Ajprasd-Astdkh-Qnfvarsfkdk y ofndbjanta bd

manardgf÷n ka un sfstajd ka fnohrjdgf÷n ka bd prhkuggf÷n gfantêofgd qua vfnguba mruphs ka

fnvast
fnvastfmd
fmdgf÷
gf÷n,
n, fnv
fnvast
astfmd
fmdkhra
khrass y ravfstd
ravfstdss gfantê
gfantêofg
ofgds
ds (Jfnfs
(Jfnfstar
tarfh
fh ka Akugdgf
Akugdgf÷n
÷n Sapùcbf
Sapùcbfgd
gd ka

Ghbhjcfd, 3040). Bd fnvastfmdgf÷n tdnth ohrjdb ghjh ohrjdtfvd sa kaca shgfdbfzdr y ab jakfh

fkadb shn bds pucbfgdgfhnas gfantêofgds a fnohrjdbas, bds qua cusgdn kdr d ghnhgar rasubtdkhs ka

tr
trdc
dcdi
dihs
hs fnva
fnvast
stfm
fmdt
dtfv
fvhs
hs h rao
raoba
baxf
xfhna
hnass an th
thrnh
rnh d un ärad
ärad aspag
aspagêo
êofg
fgd.
d. Gudb
Gudbquf
qufar
ar tf
tfph
ph ka

fnvastfmdgf
fnvastfmdgf÷n
÷n y shgfdb
shgfdbfzdgf÷
fzdgf÷nn ka rasubtdkhs
rasubtdkhs an bd kfsgfpbfnd
kfsgfpbfnd ghntdcba ghcrd aspagfd
aspagfdbb fjphrtdngf
fjphrtdngfdd

 phr gudnth ghntrfcuya db kasdrrhbbh y bd kfsgusf÷n kab hciath ka astukfh ka bd prhoasf÷n.