MIDTERM

REVIEWER

History is derived from the Greek word Historia which means learning by inquiry.

The greek philosopher Aristotle , looked upon history as the systematic

accounting of a set of natural phenomena that is taking into consideration the
chronological arrangement of the account.

Presents readers the plain and basic information vis-a-vis the events that took
place (what) the time and date happened (when) the place with which the events
took place, and the people that were involved (who).

Speculative History , on the other hand, goes beyond facts because it is

concerned about the reasons for which events happened (why), and the way they
happened (how)

The incompleteness of records has limited man's knowledge of history. Most

human affairs happen without leaving any evidence or records of any kind, no
artifacts, or if there is, no further evidence of the human setting in which to place
Surviving Artifacts.

The historian's aim is verisimilitude the truth, authenticity, plausibility about a

past.

Narratives are chronicles or tracts presented in narrative form, written to impart a

message whose motives for their composition vary widely.

Social Documents are information pertaining to economic, social, political,

or judicial significance. They are records kept by bureaucracies.

Material Evidence also known as archaeological evidence, is one of the most

important unwritten pieces of evidence.

Oral Evidence is also an important source of information for historians. much

is told by the tales or sagas of ancient peoples and the folks’ songs or popular
rituals from the pre-modern period of Philippine History

Historical Criticism examines the origins of the earliest text to appreciate

the underlying circumstances upon which the text came to be (Soulen & Soulen,
2001)

External Criticism determines the authenticity of the source. The authenticity of

the material may be tested in two ways, by paleographical (the deciphering, and
dating of historical manuscripts) and diplomatic criticism (critical analysis of
historical document to understand how the document came to be, the information
transmitted, the relationship between the facts purported in time and place it is
written.

Internal Criticism determines the historicity of the facts contained in the

document. It is not necessary to prove the authenticity of the material or document.

The sequence of events was taken from the chronicles of contemporary voyagers
and navigators of the sixteenth century. One of them was an Italian
Nobleman Antonio Pigafetta, who accompanied Ferdinand Magellan in his fateful
circumnavigation of the world

Ferdinand Magellan , the commander of the first ships to attempt to sail

around the world.

In 1517, he went to Spain to see the teenaged Spanish king, the future Holy Roman
Emperor Charles V. .
In September 1519, by then Spanish, Magellan set out from Spain in command of a
fleet of five ships.

The Spice Islands is one of their motivations to have different spices like nutmeg,
mace, cloves silk, and other goods from China and India things not found in
Europe alternative trade route to silk road; go by sea.

The five ships that they used in the navigation of their exploration are Trinidad, San
Antonio, Conception, Victoria, Santiago

The island they called Isla de La drones or island of the thieves is called Mariana
Islands in our present time.

Almost 3 years to the day after starting only, 19 survivors and 1 ship return to
Spain after circumnavigating the world.

After their circumnavigation to the world, on September 6. 1522 they arrived and
return to Serville.

The Kataastaasan, Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga Anak ng Bayan (KKK)

or Katipunan is arguably the most important organization formed in the Philippine
history.

“That is enough!” thought Bonifacio after the shocking news of Rizal’s exile to
Dapitan.

“Insurrection”, Del Pilar wrote in La Solidaridad , “is the last remedy, especially
when the people have acquired the belief that peaceful means to secure the
remedies for evils prove futile.

KKK, founded on the night of July 7, 1892 .

Andres Bonifacio also had three brothers and two sisters, namely: His brothers
were Ciriaco, Procorpio and Troadio while his sisters were Espiridina and
Maxima

June 12, 1898 The Philippine Declaration of Independence was proclaimed in

Cavite el Viejo (present day Kawit, Cavite)

Filipino revolutionary forces under General Emilio Aguinaldo proclaimed the

sovereignty and independence of the Philippine Islands from the colonial rule of
Spain.

1896 the Philippine Revolution began. Eventually, the Spanish signed an

agreement with the revolutionaries
The Act of the Declaration of Independence was prepared, written, and read by
Emilio Aguinaldo in Spanish.

The declaration was not recognized by the U.S. nor Spain and Spain later sold the
Philippines to the United States in the Treaty of Paris ended the Spanish-
American War.

Following World War II, the US granted independence to the Philippines on July 4,
1946, via the Treaty of Manila.

Emilio Aguinaldo went into exile in Hongkong at the outbreak of the Spanish-
American war.