GEED07: Science and Technology Society
LESSON 1: INTRODUCTION TO
SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY AND
SOCIETY
What are science technology and society?
 Science - is a body of knowledge that
aims to explore and explain the
processes and phenomenon that occurs
in the natural world through the
application of scientific methods or
processes.
 Technology - is the application of the
knowledge, laws, or principles that are
discovered by science
 Society - is defined as a group of people
living as a community or an organized
group of people for a common purpose.
What is the significance of studying STS?
 To validate or judge if their impact or
development is really for the betterment
of society or if these technological
advancements pose more threat and
harm.
 Prepare the students to respond
critically, reflectively, and proactively to
the issues, changes, and challenges
brought about by science and
technology in the contemporary world
TOP TEN EMERGING ETHICAL
DILEMMAS AND POLICY ISSUES IN
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR THE
YEAR 2020.
1. The Pseudoscience of Skin Care
 Skin technology including the
use of LED masks, electronic
face scrubbers, and skin care
cameras among others, are on
the rise. In connection to this
trend, more beauty companies
are labeling themselves as
“clinically proven” even in fact,
they are not.
2. AI (Artificial intelligence) and
Gamification in Hiring
 Some companies are hiring
based on the social media
history of the candidate as well
as using games that are able to
determine the neurological and
emotional status of the job
seeker.
3. Predatory Journals
 Predatory journals are those
articles that are published in
publications that do not meet the
criteria of being ethical, peer-
reviewed or simply has very low
standard.
4. The HARPA SAFEHOME Proposal
 A controversial plan to monitor
the mentally ill as a way to stop
mass shootings in the U.S
 through the HARPA
SAFEHOME application.
5. Class Dojo
 Class Dojo is an online
application tool that records
students’ behavior inside the
classrooms, scores their
behavior, and shares this
information with fellow students
and parents.
6. Grinch Bots
 It is online entities or people
that buy up popular goods or in-
demand products as soon as
they hit the market. Once the
goods are sold out, they will
resell these products on the
secondary market or black
markets at an inflated price
7. Project Nightingale
 It is a collaboration between
Ascension, the second-largest
health care system in the U.S., and
Google to host health records on
the Google Cloud. This poses large
data privacy concerns, especially
that people don’t know what was
going on with their data as soon as
it enters the Google Cloud
 When CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing
went mainstream in 2012,
researchers immediately called a
moratorium due to the high-power
potential of the system. There were
then nationwide and international
meetings and multiple groups got
involved and it went exactly as it
was supposed to.
10. Deep Fakes
 The recent application of deep
learning to create hard-to-identify
fakes is more sophisticated and
more concerning. States are
attempting to build legislation
against deep fakes and companies
like Facebook and Microsoft want
to help develop tools to spot them.
ETHICAL DILEMMAS AND POLICY ISSUES
IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FOR THE
YEAR 2021
1. Digital Twin
2. “Stalkerware” Apps
3. Telemedicine

8. Student Tracking Software

 Universities are now using software

to determine the internet activities
of students and potential students.
In addition, this software can also
detect school sites that were opened
by student applicants and compute
their time spent on these sites to
calculate their “affinity score” or
possible “loyalty score”.

9. The Corruption of Tech Ethics

GEED07: Science and Technology Society
LESSON 2: HISTORY OF SCIENCE
TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY
• Pre- history
• Ancient Time
• Pre- Colonial Asian Societies
• Middle Age
• Industrial Revolution
PREHISTORY
3.5 MYA
• DISCOVERY: First tools
• EXAMPLE: Oldowan Tools
 Used for cutting and hunting
 That is during early stone age
 Used by Homo habilis
1-2 MYA
• DISCOVERY: Fire
• IMPORTANCE: Protection
 For survival
 Burned bones
 There are fragments discovered
in South Africa (Carbon Dating-
500 years)
 Used by Homo Erectus
10,000 B.C.
• INVENTION: Earliest boats are
constructed.
 Discovered by local farmer
• PESSE CANOE – oldest discovered
boat
 Called pesse because it is found
in Pesse Village in Netherlands
6000-7000 B.C.
• Hand-made bricks first used for
construction.
 Middle East
 They used clay and air dried
Homo Luzonensis: New early human species
found in the Philippines
ANCIENT TIMES
3500 B.C.
• INVENTION: Wheels
 The oldest wooden wheels in
Slovenia
 For pottery
 Discovered in Mesopotamia
(land between two rivers)
3000 B.C.
• SUMERIAN CIVILIZATION
• DEVELOPMENT: Writing System
(Cuneiform)
 Writing system served
information
 Writing is through cutting
3000 B.C.
• SUMERIAN CIVILIZATION
• AGRICULTURE: Irrigation and Dikes
 Irrigation farming in
Mesopotamia (land between two
rivers)
 Alexander the great
3000 B.C.
• SUMERIAN CIVILIZATION
• TRANSPORTATION: Sailboat
 Ancient Mesopotamia Sailboat
  Invented to use in rivers for
trading
 The sail is made of cloth
 The shape is box
3100 B.C.
• Ancient Egyptians used
HIEROGLYPHICS.
 Composed of pictures
 There’s a representation
 One of writing system
 Called Holy Writing because it
is sacred
2500 B.C.
• Ancient Egyptians produce PAPYRUS
 Plant as paper
2000 B.C.
• Ancient Egyptians invented water-
raising and irrigation devices
 Shaduf
 Hand operated device for lifting
water
 Shadoof
250 B.C.
• Archimedes of Syracuse
• INVENTION: Archimedes’ Screw
62 C.E.
• Hero of Alexandria
• Pioneer of steam power
 Steam engine (aeolipile) by
Hero
PRE-COLONIAL ASIAN SOCIETIES
3000 BCE
• BABYLONIAN CIVILIZATION
• DEVELOPMENT: Code of Hammurabi
 First most complete written
legal codes
 Impenetrable walls of Babylons
300-500 B.C.
• INVENTION: Abacus
 Visually impaired students use
Cranmer abacus
 Used by merchants for tallying
ANCIENT CHINA
450 B.C.
• INVENTION: Early Kites
 Used for military purposes
 Kite now is called prototype kite
 First Chinese kite is used for
measuring distance
 Calculate and record wind
readings
400 B.C.
• INVENTION: Early compass
 Order and harmonized their
environment and life
INDUS CIVILIZATION
3000 B.C.
• AGRICULTURAL: Irrigation System
 Indus valley civilization
 Ancient irrigation system
3000 B.C.
• Town Planning
MIDDLE AGES
The major advances in scientific and
technological development took place in this
period
i. Heavy plough – the invention made it
possible to harness areas with clay soil
 ii. Gun powder – first chemical explosive INVENTIONS MADE BY FILIPINO
invented by Chinese; Mixture of sulfur, SCIENTISTS
charcoal and potassium nitrate (Elixir of
Abelardo Agular
life- potion for immortality); Main
impact was the rise in fighting conflict. - Ilongo Scientist
iii. Paper money – an invention of the Song - Erythromycin drug from the
Dynasty in China. It was easier to carry microorganism streptomyces
around in large amounts. Basic unit is erythreus; anti-bacterial
made from bronze and copper.
iv. Mechanical clock – invented in China in Fe Del Mundo
976 A.D during the Song Dynasty. It - Incubator
provides more accurate time than water
or sun clocks. Ronaldo Dela Cruz
v. Spinning wheel – ancient invention in
- Skin product that has the ability
India that turned plant and animal fibers
to remove mole naturally
into thread or yarn. It replaced the
earlier method of hand spinning. Maria Orosa
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION - Banana ketchup
• Photography
- Joseph Nicephore Niepce
(1765-1833) using ‘Bilumen of
Judea’ produced the first
permanent picture
• Telephone
- Alexander Graham Bell (1847-
1922) was the first in the race
patent to a machine in 1867 that
you could use to talk to
someone on the other side of the
world.
• Movies
- Augeste and Louis Lumiere
(1862-1954 and 1864-1948)
shown the first movie entitled
“The Arrival of a Train at Ciotal
Station”
• X-Rays
- Useful in examining the skeletal
system, but they can also
identify other diseases for
example pneumonia and lung
cancer; Wilhem Roentgen
GEED07: Science and Technology Society different characteristics
1. Growth and
LESSON 3: INTELLECTUAL
REVOLUTION

Three Important Intellectual Revolution

Development, 2.
I. THE COPERNICIAN REVOLUTION
Capable of
- Nicolaus Copernicus and his
Reproduction, 3.
Heliocentric Model
Response and Stimulus,
- Nicolaus Copernicus,
4. Adaptation
 a mathematician and
(important in order to
astronomer
survive) through this
 a heresy where he
characteristic of
contradicts the belief or
organisms, their
opinion of other
structure changes.
religion
 He also contradicts the
 wrote a 40 pages book
belief of the church
entitled, The
saying that God is the
Revolution of Celestial
designer of all living
Sphere
things.
- Heliocentric Model, states that
- Adaptation of different Animals
the center of the solar system is
 Alascan wood frog
the sun.
freeze their bodies
- Geocentric means earth is the
 Kangaroo rats survives
center of the solar system
even without water
- Heliocentric Model, helps in our
 African bullfrog creates
modern cosmology and modern
mucus “nomes” to
astronomy
survive the dry season
II. DARWINIAN REVOLUTION
6-8 inches deep
- Charles Darwin and the Finches
III. FREUDIAN REVOLUTION
of Galapagos
- Sigismund Freud and his model
- Charles Darwin
of his Psychoanalytic theory
 Father of Natural
- Sigismund Freud
Selection; talks about
 Father of
the adaptation;
Psychoanalytic
adaptation will pass
 Psychoanalytic talks
from generation to
about our personality,
generation; it happens
our conscious
naturally
personality.
 On The Origin of the
- ID, Freud assumed the ID is part
Species; focuses on
of the unconscious due to the
different organisms and
principles of pleasure,
species
satisfaction, and gratification.
 He stated that
One of ultimate goal is
organisms have
 happiness. Can be done without
even thinking the consequences.
The Hierarchy of Basic Needs
of Abraham Maslow
 Physiological needs
(food, water, rest)
 Safety needs (security,
safety)
 Belongingness and love
needs (intimate
relationship, friends)
 Esteem needs (prestige
and feeling of
accomplishment)
 Self-actualization
(achieving one’s full
potential, including
creative activities)
- EGO, the ego is the self as
contrasted by another self once
the ego has developed, it is
responsible for mediating
between the unrealistic ID and
reality.
 You’ll do what is right
because you know there
is a consequences
- SUPEREGO, the superego
develops last, and is based on
morals and judgements about
right and wrong even though the
superego and the ego may reach
the same decision about
something, the superego’s
reason for that decision is based
more on moral values, while the
ego’s decision is based more on
what others will think of what
the consequences of an action
could be on the individual.
 Without consequences
in superego, you’ll do
what is right.
GEED07: Science and Technology Society
LESSON 4: BREAKING THE BARRIERS;
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE
PHILIPPINES
DOST (Department of Science and Technology)
• Is tasked with overseeing and managing
national technology development and
acquisition, undertaking technological
and scientific research and promoting
public consciousness of science and
technology in the Philippines.
• A government agency wherein it helps
us to create research, and to inspire the
young generation to seek research and
undergo research.
The output of the research helps the society.
R.A. 2067, The Science Act of 1958
 An act to integrate, coordinate, and
intensify scientific and technological
research and development and to foster
invention; to provide funds therefor; and
other purposes mandates the operation
of DOST.
 States that all the inventions and
researches is funded by DOST.
EARLY INVENTIONS AND DISCOVERIES
Jeepney
- Leonardo Salvador Sarao Jr.
- The king of Philippine roads
that is invented during the post
American War
- Assembled using US military
jeeps utilized during the
conflagration.
Erythromycin
- Abelardo Aguilar
- Is a macrolide antibiotic that
was sold as an alternative to
penicillin.

Medical Incubator
- Dr, Fe Del Mundo
- An improvised medical
incubator was made up of two
native laundry baskets of
different sizes placed one inside
the other.
Karaoke Machine
- Roberto del Rosario
- A karaoke sing-along system
Videophone
- Gregorio Zara (Filipino
physicist)
- Officially known as photo
phone signal separator network.
16-Bit Micro Chip
- Diosdado Banatao
- The first single-chip graphical
user interface accelerator that
made computers work a lot
faster and more efficient.
1980- the interest in research is rising
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY TIMELINE
1986
- THE Philippines has prepared
three comprehensive Science
and Technology Plans: STMP
(Science and Technology
Master Plan), STAND (Science
and Technology Agenda for
National Development) and
DOST Medium Term
2004
- Science and technology have
contributed significantly to the
enhancement of national
productivity and
competitiveness, hence, creating
solutions to pressing national
problems.
2010
- The Philippines carved some
niches and became world-class
2020
- The Philippines launches “BIG
20 IN 2022”
Nanosatelite
- After launching the cube
satellites made by the
University of the Philippines
engineering graduates, DOST’s
Advance Science and
Technology Institute is now also
working on two more locally
built Nanosatellites.
- Now we have two micro-
satellites (Diwata 1 and Diwata
2) that are built in UP Diliman
that help to picture 3D pictures
like clouds and thunderstorm.
LAB in a Mug
- Among the biomedical devices
is the lab in a mug, a faster and
cheaper diagnostic test kit for
dengue and other possible virus
infections like the COVID 19
developed by Dr. Raul Destura
with the full backing of DOST.
Ginhawa
- The DOST, together with UP
specialists and biomedical
technicians, is developing
Ginhawa (ReliefVent), cost-
efficient ventilator that can be
used for both children and
adults.
RXBOX
- Is a portable device that
remotely captures medical
signals and transmits
information to hospitals. Funded
by DOST and developed by
researchers at the Electrical and
Electronics Engineering
Institute and the UP National
Institute od Physics from the UP
in Diliman and the National
Telehealth Center.
Biotek Kit
- The worlds first Anti-Dengue
Medicine in the world is now in
its final testing stage after being
developed by the team Of Dr.
Rila Grace Y. Alvero and lead
researchers from pharmalitics
and De La Salle Medical and
Health Sciences Institute. The
dengue research was part of the
DOST’s Tuklas Lunas Problem
to produce reliable and
affordable medicines sourced
from the country’s rich
biodiversity.
- Affordable; can be used by the
people in marginalized section.
Elevated Train
- Automated Guideway Transit,
an Elevated Train System,
formerly housed at the UP is
now being utilized by the
Bataan Peninsula State
University for its engineering
programs.
- 50 km/h, accommodate 30
passengers, it is eco-friendly
ULAT
- Understanding Lightning and
Thunderstorm for extreme
weather and monitoring and
information sharing or ULAT
was also presented.
Handa Pilipinas
- The explosion and innovations
in Disaster Risk Reduction and
Response Expo will be held in
March 2020
- Program that gives information
about natural disasters.
Smart Cities
- DOST is also on board with the
SMART CITIES PROGRAM
that will formulate a so-called
smart index to capture data on
interaction between people,
land, transportation system and
economic activities.
- A city should be stable, a high-
end class, and eco-friendly by
using technology.
Nutrition Program
- A comprehensive program on
nutrition, a partnership between
the DOST Food and Nutrition
Research Institutes NuGen, is
also in development.
- NuGen Lab (Nutritional
Genomics Laboratory)
Tissue-Cultured Coconut
- There will be a Nationwide
Tissue-Cultured Coconut
Planting Day, a coconut
propagation program with the
 Philippine Coconut Authority’s Advanced Labs
Coconut Somatic
- Several laboratories are in line
Embryogenesis Technology.
works, including metrology
- They can propagate from 1 seed
laboratories in chemistry and
to 30 or 300 plus
biology, and the Tissue-
Hybrid Trimaran Cultured Laboratory for
ornamental plants in Bulacan.
- Anticipated is the maiden
voyage of an environment- Testing and Simulation
friendly Hybrid Trimaran being
- The construction of Testing and
built in a shipyard in Aklan
Simulation Facilities for
through the Philippine Council
packaging testing and green
for Industry, Energy and
packaging laboratories, and a
Emerging Technology Research
modular multi-industry
and Development, Aklan State
innovation facility to improve
University, Metallica Shipyard
the competitiveness of
and Marina.
businesses are already in the
Science for the People work.
- The National Research Council Agriculture Machinery
of the Philippines a” science for
- A 12-horse power single-
the people” book series on the
cylinder diesel engine that is
successes, experiences and
strong ang reliable enough to
impacts of scientist, doctors,
provide the power to different
engineers and entrepreneurs,
agricultural types of machinery
will be launched this year.
being used by local farmers is
DOST Facilities being developed by DOST’s
Metal Industry Research and
- Several DOST facilities are
Development Center in
lined up to start offering
partnership with Supercast
services this year including the
Foundry and Machinery Corp.,
country’s first fully Automated
Bacolod City-based R.U.
Gamma Irradiation Facility and
Foundry and Machine Shop
the Philippine Textile Research
Corp (RUFMSC)
Institute’s Regional Yarn
Production and Innovation Visayas Genome Center
Center.
- The establishment of the
Bamboo Musical Instrument Philippine Genome Center in
the Visayas by the Philippine
- Watch out for the concert using
Council for Health Research
enhanced Bamboo Musical
and Development.
Instruments.
Science Discovery Centers
- For students, there are the
Regional Science Discovery
Centers that will be set up in
 Cagayan Valley, Butuan City, Curriculum and Teacher Guide
Davao City, Legaspi City, and Book for seamless programming
Pasig City. These Science using Arduino Support or
Centers will showcase Rasberry Pi Language.
interactive exhibits to educate - All programmable Robots can
students about science, speak, dance, text to voice,
technology, and their benefits. walk, lift legs and even do push-
- Program for students to inspire ups! And many more.
them and give them inspiration. - DAE CUTIE
WHERE ARE WE NOW?
Traze App
- Traze is a nationwide and
unified contact tracing app that
automates manual contact
tracing by using QR code
scanning such that the tracing
process done in several days can
now be achieved in just a few
minutes.
Project Sparta
- Project Sparta was launched in
order to put in place the
necessary online education,
research and development
mechanisms and infrastructure
to not enable the industry of
data science and analytics but
also to advanced smart
governance practices. It aims to
train and graduate 30,000
learners in data science,
analytics and related fields
through online learning.
Artificial Intelligence
- FELTA Multi Media Inc. is the
pioneer and leader in School
Technology. Another innovation
in the STEM learning strategy is
the introduction of artificial
Intelligence Robotics (AI)
Programmable Robots to the
Philippine Schools. The AI
Robots are complete with