σx = C11ε xx + C12ε xx + C13ε zz + C14 γ xy+ C15 γ yz + C16 γ zx

σ y= C21ε xx + C22ε xx + C23ε zz + C24 γ xy+ C25 γ yz + C26 γ zx

σ z= C31ε xx + C32ε xx + C33ε zz + C34 γ xy+ C35 γ yz + C36 γ zx
τ xy = C41ε xx + C42ε xx + C43ε zz + C44 γ xy+ C45 γ yz + C46 γ zx
τ yx= C51ε xx + C52ε xx + C53ε zz + C54 γ xy+ C55 γ yz + C56 γ zx
τ zx = C61ε xx + C62ε xx + C63ε zz + C64 γ xy+ C65 γ yz + C66 γ zx
Type equation here .σ τ

[][ ][ ]
σx C11 C 12 C 13 C14 C 15 C 16 ε xx
σy C21 C 22 C 23 C24 C 25 C 26 ε yy
σz C31 C 32 C 33 C34 C 35 C 36 ε zz
τ xy
= C41 C 42 C 43 C 44 C 45 C 45 2 ε xy
τ yz C51 C 52 C 53 C54 C 55 C 56 2 ε yz
τ zx C61 C 62 C 63 C64 C 65 C 66 2 ε zx

[][ ][ ]
σ 11 C1111 C1122 C 1133 C1123 C 1113 C1112 ε 11
σ 22 C1122 C2222 C 2233 C2223 C 2213 C2212 ε 22
σ 33 C1133 C2233 C 3333 C3323 C 3313 C3312 ε 33
τ 23
= C1123 C2223 C 3323 C2323 C 2313 C2312 2 ε 23
τ 13 C1113 C2213 C 3313 C2313 C 1313 C1312 2 ε 13
τ 12 C1112 C2212 C 3312 C2312 C 1312 C1212 2 ε 12
[ ] [] [ ] []
σ 11 σ1 ε 11 ε1
σ 22 σ2 ε 22 ε2
σ 33 σ ε 33 ε
⇒ 3 ⇒ 3
σ 23 σ4 2 ε 23 ε4
σ 13 σ5 2 ε 13 ε5
σ 12 σ6 2 ε 12 ε6

11→1 22 →2 33→3 13→ 5 23→4 12→ 6

C1111 →C11 C1122 →C12 C1133 →C13

C1123 →C14 C1113 →C15 C1112 →C16 and so on

[] [ ][ ]
σ1 C11 C 12 C 13 C14 C 15 C 16 ε1
σ2 C21 C 22 C 23 C24 C 25 C 26 ε2
σ3 C31 C 32 C 33 C34 C 35 C 36 ε3
σ4
= C41 C 42 C 43 C 44 C 45 C 45 ε4
σ5 C51 C 52 C 53 C54 C 55 C 56 ε5
σ6 C61 C 62 C 63 C64 C 65 C 66 ε6

U0=
[ C ε +2 C
2
11 1 ε ε +2 C13 ε 1 ε 3 +2 C14 ε 1 ε 4 + 2C 15 ε 1 ε 5+ 2C 16 ε 1 ε 6+ ¿C 22 ε 22+ 2C 23 ε 2 ε 3+ 2C 24 ε 2 ε 4 +2 C 25 ε 2 ε 5 +2 C 26 ε 2 ε
12 1 2

[ C 11 ε 12+2 C 12 ε 1 ε 2 +2 C13 ε 1 ε3 +2 C14 ε 1 ε4 + 2C 15 ε 1 ε 5+ 2C 16 ε1 ε 6+ ¿C 22 ε 22+ 2C 23 ε 2 ε3+ 2C 24 ε 2 ε4 +2 C 25 ε 2 ε5 +2 C 26 ε 2 ε

There are few methods by which the reduction of material
constant can be achieved. Here we are going to use the
invariance of the of the strain energy approach.

[ ]
ε 21 , ε 22 , ε 23 , ε 24 , ε 25 , ε 26
ε1 ε2 , ε1 ε3 , ε1 ε4 , ε1 ε5 , ε1 ε6
ε2 ε3 , ε2 ε4 , ε2 ε5 , ε2 ε6
U=U ε3 ε4 , ε3 ε5 , ε3 ε6
ε4 ε5 , ε4 ε6
ε5 ε6

The coordinate transformation rules are:

σ 'ij = QipQjq σ pq
ε 'ij = QipQjq ε pq
C'ijkl = QipQjqQkrQlsCpqrs

[ ]
1 0 0
Q= 0 1 0
0 0 −1

ε 1 ε 4 , ε 1 ε 5 , ε 2 ε 4 , ε 2 ε 5 , ε 3 ε 4 , ε 3 ε 5,ε 4 ε 6 , ε 5 ε 6

U=U (ε 21 , ε 22 , ε 23 , ε 24 , ε 25 , ε 26 , ε 1 ε 2 , ε 1 ε 3,ε 1 ε 6,ε 2 ε 3, ε 2 ε 6, ε 3 ε 6,ε 4 ε 5)

[] [ ][ ]
σ1 C11 C 12 C13 0 0 C 16 ε1
σ2 C21 C 22 C23 0 0 C 26 ε2
σ3 C31 C 32 C33 0 0 C 36 ε3
=
σ4 0 0 0 C 44 C 45 0 ε4
σ5 0 0 0 C54 C 55 0 ε5
σ6 C61 C 62 C63 0 0 C 66 ε6

[ ]
σ 11 σ 12 −σ 13
σ 'ij= σ 12 σ 22 −σ 23
−σ 13 −σ 23 σ 33

[ ]
ε 11 ε 12 −ε 13
ε 'ij= ε 12 ε 22 −ε 23
−ε 13 −ε 23 ε 33

[ ]
σ 11 −σ 12 −σ 13
σ 'ij= −σ 12 σ 22 σ 23
−σ 13 −σ 23 σ 33

[ ]
ε 11 −ε 12 −ε 13
ε 'ij= −ε 12 ε 22 ε 23
−ε 13 ε 23 ε 33

[ ]
1 0 0
Q= 0 cos α sin α
0 −sin α cos α

ε '11= ε 11

ε '22= ε 22 cos2 α +2ε 23 cos α sin α +ε 33 sin α

2

ε '33= ε 22 sin 2 α -2ε 23 cos α sin α +ε 33 cos α

2

ε '23= (ε 33−ε 22)cos α sin α +ε (cos α −sin α )

23
2 2
ε '13= −ε 12 sin α +ε 13 cos α

ε '12= ε 12 cos α +ε 13 sin α

ε '22 + ε '33 = ε +ε22 33

ε '22ε '33 – (ε '23)2 = ε ε

22 33 – (ε )2
23

(ε '12)2 +(ε '13)2 = (ε )2 +(ε )2 12 13

|ε 'ij| = |ε ij|

U = U (ε 11,ε +ε ,ε 22 33 22 33ε – (ε )2, (ε )2 +(ε )2, |ε |)

23 12 13 ij

U = (C11ε 211) + {2ε 11(C12ε +C13ε )} + (4C55ε 213+4C66ε 212) +

22 33

(C22ε 222+C33ε 233+2C23ε ε +¿4C44ε 223)

22 33

[] [ ][ ]
σ1 0 ε1
C11 C 12 C 12 0 0
σ2 0 ε2
C12 C 22 C 23 0 0
0
σ3 C12 C 23 C 22 C −C 0 0 ε3
σ4 = 0 0 0
22 23
0 0 ε4
2 C
σ5 0 0 0 66 0 ε5
0 C66
σ6 0 0 0 0 ε6
0
[] [ ][ ]
σ1 C11 C 12 C12 0 0 0 ε1
σ2 0 0 0 ε2
C12 C 11 C12
0 0 0
σ3 C12 C 12 C11 C −C ε3
σ4 = 0 0 0
11 12 0 0
ε4
2 C 11 −C 12 0
σ5 0 0 0 C 11−C12 ε5
0 2
σ6 0 0 0 0 0 2 ε6

[] [ ][ ]
σ1 λ+2 μ λ λ 00 0 ε1
σ2 λ λ +2 μ λ 0 0 0 ε2
σ3 λ λ λ+ 2 μ 0 0 0 ε3
σ4
= 0 0 0 μ0 0 ε4
σ5 0 0 0 0 μ0 ε5
σ6 0 0 0 00 μ ε6

σ ij = λδ ijε kk + 2 μ ε ij
σ ij = Cijkl ε kl
Cijkl = λδ ijδ kl + μ(δ ikδ jl + δ ilδ jk)

1
ε 11 =
E [ 11 – ν (σ + σ )]
σ 22 33

1
ε 22 =
E [ 22 – ν (σ + σ )]
σ 11 33

1
ε 33 =
E [ 33 – ν (σ + σ )]
σ 22 11

σ 23
2ε = 23
G

σ 13
2ε = 13
G
 σ 12
2ε =
12
G

[] [ ][ ]
ε 11 1 −ν −ν 0 0 0 σ1
ε 22 −ν 1 −ν 0 0 0 σ2
ε 33 σ3
ε 23
= 1E −ν −ν 1 0
0 0 0 2(1+ν )/ E
0
0
0
0 σ 23
ε 13 0 0 0 0 2 ( 1+ ν ) /E 0 σ 13
ε 12 0 0 0 0 0 2(1+ ν ) σ 12

Most general isotropic 4th order isotropic tensor:

Cijkl = λδ ijδ kl + μ(δ ikδ jl + δ ilδ jk)
Replacing in: σ ij = Cijkl ε kl
Gives: σ ij = λδ ijε kk + μ ¿ij + ε ji)
σ ij = λδ ijε kk + 2 μεij

[] [ ][ ]
1 −ν −ν
ε 11 E E E 0 0 0 σ1
ε 22 −ν 1 −ν 0 0 0 σ2
E E E 0 0 0
ε 33 σ3
ε 23 = −ν −ν 1 2(1+ν ) 0 0
σ 23
E E E E 2(1+ν ) 0
ε 13 0 E 2(1+ ν) σ 13
0 0 0
ε 12 0 0 0 0 0 E σ 12
0 0 0
[] [ ][ ]
1 ν ν
σ1 ν (1−ν) (1−ν ) 0 0 0 ε 11
σ2 0 0 0
(1−ν) 1 ν ε 22
E(1−ν ) 0 0 0
σ3 ν ν (1−ν ) (1−2 ν) ε 33
σ 23 = (1+ ν)(1−2 ν) (1−ν) (1−ν) 1
0 0
ε 23
2(1−ν) (1−2 ν ) 0
σ 13 0 0 0 ε 13
0 2(1−ν ) (1−2 ν )
σ 12 0 0 0 0 0 2(1−ν ) ε 12
0 0 0

∂ σ xx ∂ σ yx ∂ σ zx
+ + +bx = 0
∂x ∂y ∂z

∂ σ xy ∂ σ yy ∂ σ zy
+ + +by = 0
∂x ∂y ∂z

∂ σ xz ∂ σ yz ∂ σ zz
+ + +bz = 0
∂x ∂y ∂z

[]
bx
b= by
bz

[ ]
σ rr σ rθ σ rz
σ= σ θr σ θθ σ θz
σ zr σ zθ σ zz

Tr = σ e r + σ rr rθ eθ + σ ez
rz

T θ=σ θr er + σ e
θθ θ + σ ez
θz

Tz = σ e r + σ zr zθ eθ + σ ez
zz
 ∂u r ur 1 ∂uθ ∂u z
∇ .u = + + +
∂r r r ∂θ ∂z

υ
ε zz = - (ε +ε )
1−υ xx yy

[ ]
σ 11 σ 12 0
σ= σ 12 σ 22 0
0 0 σ 33

[ ]
ε 11 ε 12 0
ε ij= ε 12 ε 22 0
0 0 ε 33

2 2 2
∂ σ xx ∂ σ yy
2
+ 2
= 2∂ σx y
∂y ∂x ∂x∂ y