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  • Refraction of Light at Spherical Surfaces & by Lenses Notes

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    Dhwani Balchandani
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    1. Refraction occurs when a ray of light passes from one medium to another with a different refractive index, such as from air to glass. At a convex surface, the ray bends towards the normal, converging. At a concave surface, the ray bends away from the normal, diverging. 2. A lens uses refraction to form an image. A single lens has two focal points - the principal focus where converging rays appear to meet, and the second principal focus where diverging rays appear to originate from. The focal length is the distance between the lens and either focal point. 3. Lens maker's formula relates the focal lengths and radii of curvature of a thin lens

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    1. Refraction occurs when a ray of light passes from one medium to another with a different refractive index, such as from air to glass. At a convex surface, the ray bends towards the normal, converging. At a concave surface, the ray bends away from the normal, diverging. 2. A lens uses refraction to form an image. A single lens has two focal points - the principal focus where converging rays appear to meet, and the second principal focus where diverging rays appear to originate from. The focal length is the distance between the lens and either focal point. 3. Lens maker's formula relates the focal lengths and radii of curvature of a thin lens

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    16 views7 pages

    Refraction of Light at Spherical Surfaces & by Lenses Notes

    Uploaded by

    Dhwani Balchandani
    1. Refraction occurs when a ray of light passes from one medium to another with a different refractive index, such as from air to glass. At a convex surface, the ray bends towards the normal, converging. At a concave surface, the ray bends away from the normal, diverging. 2. A lens uses refraction to form an image. A single lens has two focal points - the principal focus where converging rays appear to meet, and the second principal focus where diverging rays appear to originate from. The focal length is the distance between the lens and either focal point. 3. Lens maker's formula relates the focal lengths and radii of curvature of a thin lens

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 7

    NOTES

    Name...Het..akr..
    REERACTON Subject ..Chapter .

    SES SPuERL(AL UREACES & B LENSES Date.... e.. ... Page No.
    .

    Refrackion at Convex Surface

    A8 be aConver reraching surkare


    placed in bhe rarer mesliurn
    Object is

    OA Me incideat o n Ab. AD
    is he erasked roay which uhen. rehakl
    6ac ms image I. AC s he nomel arer denr
    apoint f innidee.

    From AOAC i : c +Y
    Frem TAC. B+ Y

    Dsing Snells law,


    Sun : n1iA

    For mall anqlesikL

    A (Y+a) n.(r+A)

    Since aperkure À Smal,

    tan & a AM AM
    OM u

    tanY Ya* AM AM
    tan AM AM MC
    - V
    IM

    n.(xr) n (r+A) n% n^r nr n » A«-nB u-n)r


    , At1 +A AM Cn-n) AM
    R

    - Relracbion ormila for sinqle


    eachers
    sign_ V R spherical Sutface
    Subject
    TOES Date
    napte... .****

    .Page No. .

    Rerackion at CorncaveSJurtace

    let AB be a Concave refracting Surhace 2


    dojeck O placed in rurer medtum.

    OA. is incident ray& A0


    s rekruced
    my whch krms imuye I when prcducetd
    batRuwards. CN nomal at he pont arer
    dens
    of incidene

    Frem A0AC Y i+ oc i :Y-


    From AIAC. Y r+B rir-B

    From saals Low


    n Sin 2nzsin

    Fer mall angles t2

    A Cra)n r-A)

    Since apperhure small (Angles are smuh)

    tan C AM AM
    OM
    tan Y Y AM AM
    n A AM AM CM -R
    -V

    t AM1 Ln -nd AT
    tv R

    (n-n Rerachion krmula er sinqle


    R Spherical Surfuce
    Teachers
    Sign
    *******

    TOES Date.***** *******


    Page NO. . . . .

    |Magnihiaion by Single SgheriaSurfate

    n Y
    h

    Focal lengh 4 Principal Focus

    There are 2 focal peins fer apherical surue


    DFirst frincipal Focus i s he point on Ahok a s a y s diverqig
    rom it or raysapearing ko convenge ron
    b e be Coyme parallel LA. ater rkatkin.

    Fi

    f R_

    2Secnd_lrinuipal FocusFs he point on RA. whioh pamilelmys


    covergR r ppea divere. Fron_ ater
    rerakion

    y f

    chers

    B
    * Lenses
    A piece ot glass orunsporenk raterial bourded y 2 Cuned srfares

    Plano Oouble Plano Con vexo


    Double Concavo
    Concave Contare
    Conve Conver Convex Concase

    Ophcal Conter:Point on RA. suwh hat a ray facs ing hreugh it goer undevabe

    Focal foinks
    F: foint oa lA. whidh has He
    Property bha rays oliverginy ron
    converging o it ae
    rendered paroll ko .A. d t
    relracbion
    Thich lens shotb f
    : foink eA PA. which has He hin lens long f
    property hat rays parolel

    tAackually convge
    aPpear ko diverye om
    it aker rekraebion

    Apgerure: OfamebrEhe
    ot he lens
    curtular beundary
    10 I
    * Lauos of Rehractisn of Rays in Lenses
    A A rro paroltlek he PA will pass arough fa or apper to come hrom

    aA r4 pussing hcou i hrouyh h wll


    or
    appearing pass ememe out pera
    the PA
    achers
    n

    A raH
    9Aray hreugh the ephicol centre Passes undeviuted.
    . . . Page No. . .
    Date.....

    *Lens Mahers Formula

    Lek he tudi oE he hwo turaces ot es AB


    b eR2 Rr cesp eckively- r'

    Considering rekatkien_ot he spheric Curkate


    enly producer animaye T',

    v'

    On Censidering rehracion by_the 2"e spherical Surface T ack as a virual

    objeck produces image

    ' R

    On adding o O

    v RL R

    -lens Maker's Fomula


    Ri

    when u o k y fi,
    R R

    when V: u:f
    achers
    1- Cona-)
    A A
    Lens Formula

    In A00'c 2AI'C,

    In A ACF orr'E,

    AC CE 00 CE AL 00'
    Ir' IF IL IF
    Co paring
    TC IE
    OC CF

    ConVes
    IC> y TC v Oc u
    TF -f CFEf IF v-f CF-f
    L -f »Vfa -uv + uf - f s vf -uw + uf
    - u

    uf-vf : uvV uf -vf uv

    Loteral Maqnihcakion
    In oo'c AITC,

    oC
    Con vex odh_ Ir: -h'_ Concave 00': h I '
    ers
    TC v

    m
    Pouwer ot_lens
    fower ens she reciprcal ef ih ocol lenqhhn reka
    Dnit Diopker Co
    m*

    Phth

    Convex lens Power s (+ve)


    posihive (+ve
    CencaVe _lens ower negakiveC-ve

    Combinabion ef 2 Thin lenses in Con tact

    Let 2 lenses LLLwilh kral longhs


    Lhtspeckielybe in contact
    the sane axts
    V
    Consider rehruelion_bs enl 0 create
    un image r
    -0
    v'

    |Considerrekaehion by wih Fas virtual object creakinq image

    y'

    Consider 2 lenses are replaced by a Sirle equi vden lns,

    L
    V

    F
    eachers
    ign
    P t

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