REVI

EWERI
NPURPOSI
VECOMMUNI
CATI
ON

Lesson1( Weeks1-2)isaboutcommuni
cati
onpr i
nci
plesandethics,incl
udingthe
conceptofgl
obali
zati
onast heworl
dwi
deintegr
ati
onofhumani t
y.I talsoinvol
ves
di
versi
tyandcul
tur
alsensi
ti
vi
tyincommuni
cati
nginahighlygl
obal
izedenv i
ronment.

Lesson2( Week3- 4)includescommuni cat

ioninamul t
icul
turalwor
ld,f
ocusedon
the var
ious st
yles ofcommuni cat
ion and t
he regi
sters ofspoken and wri
tt
en
l
anguageuniquet ocer
taincult
uresandinspecifi
ccir
cumst ances.

Lesson1:Communi
cat
ionPr
inci
plesandEt
hics

Pr
ocessesandPr
inci
plesofEf
fect
iveCommuni
cat
ion
Eff
ecti
vecommuni cat i
onisakeyi nter
personalskillandbyl earninghow y oucan
i
mpr oveyourcommuni cati
onhasmanybenef i
ts.Itsoundssosi mpl e:saywhaty ou
mean.Butalltooof ten,whatyoutryt ocommuni categetslostint r
ansl ati
ondespi
te
yourbestint
entions.Yousayonet hing,t
heot herpersonhearssomet hingel
se,and
misunder
standings,frustr
ati
on,andconf l
ictsensue.Thisisver
yt r
ueespeci al
l
yinthe
absenceofphysical,face-
to-
facecommuni cati
on.

 I
nter
personalski
ll
sare 
thebehav
iorsandt acti
csaper sonusestoi
nter
actwi
th
ot
herseffecti
vel
y.Peopl
euseint
erpersonalskil
lsal
ltheti
mewhendealingwi
th
ot
hers,
whet heri
ntheworkpl
ace,
insocialsit
uati
ons,orwithi
nafami
ly
.

Toensurethecommuni cat
ioni
seff
ecti
vebot
hcont
entandcont
extshoul
dnotbe
changedur
ingtheshar
ingofinf
ormati
on.

Si
mplyput ,communi cationi st heartofcreati
ngandshar i
ngideasf oraspecific
pur
pose.Itcomesi nmanyf or
ms:
 v erbalcommuni cation, whichincl
udestheuseofl anguage,sounds,andtoneof
voi
ce.
 non- verbal communi cat
ion, which includes body l anguage and f acial
expressions.
 wr itt
en communi cation,such as t hr
ough jour
nals,emai l
s,blogs,and t ext
messages.
 v i
sualcommuni cation,whi chi nv
olvessigns,sy
mbol s,pict
ures,graphi
cs,and
emoj i
s.

Audi
enceAnal
ysi
s
Aneff
ectivecommuni cat
orneedstobeawar
eandunderstandwhotheaudiencesis.
Wit
ht his,communi cat
or wil
lbe ableto proper
ly adjust t
he el
ement s of
communicati
onandov er
comet hecommuni
cat
ionbarri
erssuchasphy si
calnoise
andphysiol
ogical
issues.

Pr
inci
plesofEf
fect
iveCommuni
cat
ion
A certai
n degree ofconnect i
on between and among per sons is necessaryfor
effect
ivecommuni cat
ion,enabli
ngaser iesofdial
oguesbetweeni deasandf eel
ings
thatfi
nall
yresul
tinmut ualunderst
anding.Thefoll
owinggui
delinesmustbef oll
owed
i
nor derfori
ttooccur.

Cl
ari
ty.Thi
sper
tai
nst
obot
hthemessageandt
hepur
posewhyt
hemessagehast
o
be sent.The message shoul d be clearby usi
ng appr
opri
atelanguage and
communi cat
ionchannel
s,butequall
yimpor t
anti
sthatt
hereasonforsendingand
recei
vi
ngt hemessagemustbeunder stoodbybothsenderandreceiv
er.(Cl
ear
deli
veryofamessagewher ethepurposeisknown)

Conciseness.Themessageshoul dbeasbr i
efasmayber equireddependingon
one’spurpose,especial
lyinmostmoder ncontext
sinthebusi nessandacademic
fi
eldswheret i
mei softheessence.Itshoul
dbedev oi
doft r
ivi
aldetai
lst
hatwould
hi
ndercommuni cat
ion.(
Provi
deabriefandessent
ialmessagetot heaudi
ence)

Compl eteness.Despit
eitsconciseness,t
hemessageshoul dsti
llbecomplet
eand
accurate.Whenev ernecessar
y,backgroundinfor
mati
onshouldbegi vent
opr ov
ide
bett
ercont ext
;factsandobservati
onsmayal sobehelpful
.(Complet
eandaccurate
i
nformat ionwherefactsneededbyt heaudiencei
sdel
ivered)

Organizati
on.Eff
ecti
vecommuni cati
onisusuall
yplannedinor dertoensurethe
systemat i
cflow ofideasand transi
ti
on fr
om onepoi ntto another.Ther
eare
i
nstances,however,whencommuni cati
onisimpromptu,butt
hisshoul dnotbean
excusef oranorgani
zedpresent
at i
onofideas.(
Creat
inganout li
net oensur
ethe
systemat i
cfl
owofideas)

Empat hy.Thesenderofthemessageshoul dbesensiti

vet otheneedsandint
erests
ofther ecei
ver
.Incaseoff ace-
to-
facecommuni cat
ion,thespeakermustalwaysbe
consciousofthereacti
onoft heli
stenerandadj
usthis/hercommuni cat
ionst
rategy
accordingl
y.(
Theabili
tytounderst
andandshar ethefeelingsofanother
)

Fl
exibi
li
ty.Di
ffer
entpeoplehav edi fferentcommuni cati
onstyl
es,andconsequent
ly,
di
ffer
entexpectat
ions.Effecti
vecommuni cator
sknow how t oadaptt
ot hevaryi
ng
needsandexpect at
ionsoft heiraudi ence,andmodi fythemessageorthewayt he
messagei ssenttoav oi
dmi sunder standingormi si
nterpr
etati
on.(
Knowinghowt o
adopttothevaryneedsandexpect ationsoft heaudience)

Communi
cat
ionandGl
obal
izat
ion
 Thekeyt ot hewor ldwi deintegrat
ionofhumanity
.
 Webel ongt oadi verse, gl
obal communi t
y.
 Communi cation int hemoder n worl
d mustbeanchor ed on theconceptof
di
v er
si t
y .
 Digit
alt echnol ogyhaser asedt er
rit
ori
alboundar
iesamongcountriesandpeopl
e
withv aryingcul t
ures.
 Mul t
iculturali
stsar et hosewhoar eengagedwi t
handr espect
fulofpeopl
ewi t
h
di
fferentcul tures.

Et
hicsi
nCommuni
cat
ion
 Eff
ecti
vecommunicat
ioni set
hicalcommuni
cati
on.
 Communicati
on i
s ethicalonly when iti
s genuine,open,cooper
ati
ve and
sensi
ti
vetoone’
scult
uralandsocialbel
i
efsandpracti
ces.

HowPastExper
ienceandPr
ejudi
ceAf
fectCommuni
cat
ion
Inanycase,peopleent erint
oacommuni cati
vesituationwithcert
ainexpectations,
andtheybehaveorr eactaccordingl
y.Pastexper iencesinevi
tabl
yaffectpeopl e’
s
communicati
onst y
lesint hefut
ure.Whentheiraudiencerespondedposi
tivel
ytot heir
message,chancesoft hem repeati
ngthesamest yl
earer el
ati
vel
yhigh.Howev er,
whentheywereturneddownorgi v
ennegativ
ef eedback,thi
swi l
ldef
ini
tel
yinfluence
howtheydeli
verthemessagenextt i
me.
Prejudice,ont
heot herhand,whenpeopl et aket
heirpastex periencesandmake
certai
nassumptionst hatthesameex peri
encewillhappenwi t
ht hesamepeopl e,
givent hesamecontext.Itmustbenot ed,however,thateffecti
vecommuni cat
ors
shouldav oi
dpr
ejudi
cebecauseitinf
luencesthecommuni cat
ionpr ocessevenbef
ore
i
tbegi ns.

Showi
ngCommi
tmentandGenui
neI
nter
est
The keycomponentofethicalcommuni
cati
on.Bei
ng commi t
ted means gi
vi
ng
suff
ici
entt
imeandresour
cest oanydi
scussi
onorconversat
ion,andbeingopen
aboutanyi
ssuet
hatmayari
se.

NavalLanguageoft
heBel
lyBut
tonPsy
che
Dr.Alber
tMehr abi
an, professorofPsy chol
ogyatUCLAsai dthatthebell
ybut tonr ul
e
i
st hemosti mportantindicat orofr eadi
ngaper son’
sintenti
on.Simplyput,thebel l
y
buttonrul
emeanst hedi rectionofaper son’snavelref
lect
shi s/
hertruei nterest.
Whenpeopl eareinterestedi ny ouandwhaty ouhavetosay,theywil
lpointtheirbell
y
buttonsquarel
yaty ouasy out alk.

Respect
ingSoci
o-cul
tur
alBel
ief
sandPr
act
icesofOt
her
s
Ethi
calcommuni
cati
onrequi
respeopl
et orespectsoci
o-cul
tural
bel
ief
sandpr
act
ices
ofother
s,whi
l
eatthesametimeav oi
dingallki
ndsofstereoty
pes.

Lesson2:LocalandGl
obalCommuni
cat
ioni
nMul
ti
cul
tur
alSet
ti
ngs

COMMUNI
CATI
ONSTYLESI
NVARI
OUSMULTI
CULTURALCONTEXTS
Communi cationst yl
ereferstothechoicespeopl emakeandt hestrategiesort ools
theyusei nthepr ocessofcommuni cati
on.Eachst y
lehastwodi mensi ons:the( 1)
asserti
venesslev elandt he(2)emotivenesslevel.Dr.Ei
leenM.Russo,showsf our
diff
erentcommuni cation styl
es (di
rect,spiri
ted,sy st
emat i
c and consi der ate)
,
categori
zedf ur
therintotwodi f
fer
entdimensions(levelofassert
ivenessandl ev elof
expressiv
eness) .Alloft hesemustbeconsi deredbecausepeopl ewi thdifferent
cult
uralcontextstendtohav evaryi
nglevelsandstylesofcommuni cati
on.

(Arr
owUp)Asser t
iveCommuni cat
ionLev eltendtot el
lori
nstr
uctot
herswhatt odo
orhowt odoit.
(Arr
ow Down)Asser t
ivet
endt obeont her eceivi
ngend,oftenaski
ngforguidance,
i
nstructi
on,ordi
recti
on.
(Arr
ow Up)Ex pressiveLevelshow thei
rr ealfeeli
ngsandemot i
onsthroughfacial
expressi
ons.
(Arr
owDown)Expr essi
vetendstohidetheirfeel
ings.

Thecombi nat
ionoft heselevelsresul
ttot
hebasiccommunicat
ionst
yles:
Spir
ited=HighExpr essiveness+Hi ghAsserti
veness
Consider
ate=Hi ghExpr essiveness+LowAsser ti
veness
Dir
ect=LowExpr essiveness+Hi ghAsserti
veness
Systemati
c=LowExpr essiveness+LowAsser ti
veness
VARI
ETI
ESANDREGI
STERSOFSPOKENANDWRI
TTENLANGUAGE
LanguageVar
iet
ies
Alsocal
l
ed“l
ects”
.Di
ffer
entv
ari
ant
sofal anguagethatcanbesuffi
cientl
ydeli
mit
ed
fr
om oneanot
herintermsofsoci
al,hi
stori
cal,orgeo-spat
ialf
act
ors,thusformi
ng
l
anguagecl
ust
ers.

a.Pi
dgi
n.Speakersofdi
ff
erentl
anguagesneedt
ocommuni
cat
ebutdonotshar
ea
commonlanguage.

b.Cr
eol
e.Api
dgi
nthatbecomest
henat
ivel
anguageoft
hechi
l
dren.

c.Regi
onalDi
alect
.Av ar
iet
yofal anguagespokeninapar
ti
cul
arar
eaofacount
ry.
Examplei
nthePhil
ippi
nesisCebuano,Il
ocano,
etc.

d.Minori
tyDi
alect.A v
ari
etyusedasamar
kerofi
dent
it
ybyt
hemember
sofa
par
ti
cularmi
norit
yethni
cgroup.

e.I
ndi
genized Var
iet
ies.Second l
anguages i
nfor
mercol
oni
es wi
th mul
ti
li
ngual
popul
ati
ons.

LanguageRegi
ster
s
Alanguager egi
steri
scharact
eri
zedbyt hewayaspeakeruseslanguagediffer
ently
i
ndifferentsoci
alcir
cumstances.Thesearedeterminedbysuchf act
orsassoci al
at
mospher e,purposeofcommuni cat
ion,audi
ence,andthegeneralcontex
toft he
di
scourse.

a.Formal.Usedi nprof
essional,academi corlegalset
tings.Nev
erusedsl
angand
contr
act
ionsar erare.Exampl esarer egist
ersusedinr esear
chpaper
,gov
ernment
documents,businessl
ett
ers,andinbusi nesspresent
ati
ons.

b.Casual
.Usedwhencommuni
cat
ingwi
thf
ri
ends,cl
oseacquai
ntances,col
l
eagues,
andfamil
ymembers.

c.I
nti
mat
e.Reser
vedf
orspeci
aloccasi
ons.Twopeopl
eandof
teni
npr
ivat
e.

d.Fr
ozen.Hi
stor
icl
anguaget
hati
sint
endedt
oremai
nunchanged.

e.Consul
tat
ive.Speaki
ng wi
th someone who has speci
ali
zed knowl
edge ori
s
off
eri
ngadvi
ce.

Languager egi
ster
scanal sobeclassif
iedasFormal,Informal ,orNeutr
al.Theuseof
oneoracombi nat
ionoftheseregi
stershighl
ydependsont heaudience(person/sfor
whom t hemessagei sintended)andt hecont ext(natureoft hecommuni cat
ive
sit
uat i
on).Usingthepr operregi
stersshow respect
,interest,andacer tainlevelof
professionali
sm, hence enhanci ng har moni
ous per sonal and pr ofessi
onal
rel
ationships.

I
mpr
ovi
ngone’
sAbi
li
tyi
nCommuni
cat
ingi
naMul
ti
cul
tur
alSet
ti
ng
The f
oll
owing speci
fi
c gui
del
i
nes can enhance yourabil
it
yt o handl
e si
tuat
ions
i
nvol
ving i
nter
cult
uralcommunicat
ion,and bett
erpreparey oursel
fto meett he
communicati
onchall
engesi
nanincreasi
ngl
yglobalenvi
ronment.

 Ref
rai
nfr
om for
mingexpect
ati
onsbasedsolel
yonyourcul
tur
e.
 Removeper
sonalbi
asesoranyst
ereot
ypethatmayimpedeunder
standi
ng.
 Makeaper sonalcommit
mentt
odev
elopcommuni
cat
ionski
l
lsappr
opr
iat
ein
mult
icul
tur
alsett
ings.

-
--
ENDOFTHEREVI
EWER-
--