Department of Electrical Engineering

Faculty of Engineering & Applied Sciences

Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan

Program: B.Sc. Electrical engineering Semester: I

Subject EE-142 Electric Circuits Date: …………….
Experiment 2:
Verification of Ohm’s law.

OBJECTIVES:

To verify the Ohm’s law for voltage, current and resistance

Student Name: …………….. CMS #...................

Lab Performance

No. Title Marks Obtained Marks

1 Subject Knowledge 5
2 Data Analysis & Interpretation 5
3 Ability to conduct experiment 5
4 Total 15

Lab Reports

No. Title Marks Obtained Marks

1 Organization/Structure 5
2 Data analysis and Calculations 5
3 Data Presentation 5
4 Total 15

Remarks (if any): ………………………………….

Name & Signature of faculty: …………………………………

Apparatus
• Digital Multimeter (DMM),
• Resistors,
• Power Supply,
• Wire Stripper,
• Resistors: 3.9kΩ, 6.8kΩ, 10kΩ, 2.7kΩ

Learning Objectives
1. To verify Ohm’s Law by calculating, and then by measuring voltage, current and resistance, and then
comparing the calculated and measured results.
2. To verify Ohm’s Law relationships by increasing one quantity while holding the second quantity
constant, then measuring and calculating the effect on the third quantity.
3. To demonstrate the three power formulae in DC circuits.

Ohm’s Law

Ohm’s law describes mathematically describes how voltage ‘V’, current ’I’, and Resistance ‘R’ in a circuit
are related. According to this law:

“The current in a circuit is directly proportional to the applied voltage and inversely proportional to
the circuit resistance”.

Formula For Voltage

For a constant value of R, V is directly proportional to I

i.e. V = IR

Formula For current

For a constant value of V, I is inversely proportional to R

i.e. I = V/R

The way in which we accomplish this is to measure the voltage across and current through a known
resistor for several different pair of values. We can then plot the data on a graph, and if the relationship
is truly linear it should yield a straight line.

When graphing data such as those obtained in this experiment, either the x or y-axis can be chosen to
display the voltage or current values. When the y-axis is chosen as the voltage axis, and the x-axis as the
current axis, we say that we are plotting V versus I. the slope of the line ∆V/∆I should be equal to the
resistance R of the resistor. If on the other hand, current is plotted on the y-axis, and voltage along the
x-axis, then slope of the line ∆I/∆V is equal to the conductance G of the resistor. In this experiment you
will plot I in mA versus V in volts, and therefore the slope will be the conductance of R. When plotting a
straight line on a graph such as this, it is important that you draw the best straight line that you can
through the data points.

Power in DC Circuit

Electronic devices and circuits require energy to operate. Power is a measure in watts (W) of the energy
in joules (J) consumed by a given device in one second. For a resistor, three equations will yield the
power dissipated: P=IV, P=V²/R and P=I²R. In this experiment, you will verify these formulae and plot
graphs of the power versus the current, and then power versus the voltage. The resulting curves are
parabolas, and the equations of the curves are called quadratic. By plotting two curves for both 1 kΩ and
390 Ω resistors on the same scales and axes, you will be able to see which resistance consumes more
power for a given current (or voltage).

Procedures
A. Perform the following steps to verify that

𝑉
𝐼=
𝑅
1. Measure the resistance of the 6.8 k Ω (color-coded value) resistor with the DMM.
R1measured = _______________

2. Connect the circuit in Figure-1.

+ +
15V R1 6.8Kohm 15V R1 6.8Kohm V
- -

Figure 1 Figure 2

3. Adjust the power supply voltage to 15.0 V using the DMM set on its DC voltage mode.
4. Measure and record the voltage across the R1 resistor. (As shown in Figure-2)
VR1= _____________. Make sure that the voltage across R1 is still 15V.
5. Measure and record the current through R1. (as shown in Figure-3).
IR1 = ________________ P = VI = _______________
 A

15V R1 6.8Kohm

Figure 3

6. Using the measured values of voltage and resistance, calculate the current through R1 using Ohm’s
Law. Show calculations in the space below.

V
I= = _______________ IR1 = _______________
R
7. What conclusion can you make from these procedures?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

B. Perform the following steps to verify that

𝑉
𝑅=
𝐼
1. Connect the same circuit as in Figure 1, except change the value of resistance of
3.9kΩ (color-coded value).
2. Measure and record the voltage across R1 and the current flow through R1.
VR1 = _______________ IR1 = ________________
3. Calculate the resistance of R1 using the measured values of VR1 and IR1 with Ohm’s Law. Show
calculation. R1 = _______________
4. Remove R1 from the circuit. Measure and record the resistance of R1 using the multimeter.

R1 = _______________ P = I 2 R = _______________
5. What conclusion can you make from these procedures?
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
 C.Perform the following procedures to verify that

𝑉 = 𝐼𝑅
1. Connect the circuit in Figure 1, except change the resistor to 10kΩ. (color-coded value)
2. Measure the resistance of this resistor making sure that the resistor is removed from the circuit.
R1 = _______________
3. Reinsert the resistor into the circuit and measure the current through the resistor.
IR1 = _______________
4. Calculate, using Ohm’s law, the resistor voltage using the measured values of resistance and
current. Show calculation below.
V = I × R = _______________ mA × _______________ = _______________V
5. Measure the resistor voltage. Record
2
VR1 = _______________ P =V
R = _______________
6. What conclusion can you make from these procedures?
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________

Perform the following procedures to verify that

IF THE RESISTANCE IS HELD CONSTANT, INCREASING THE VOLTAGE WILL INCREASE THE CURRENT.

1. Connect the circuit in Figure 1 using a 4.7kΩ resistor.

2. Set the voltage source to 2.0 V.
3. Measure the current through the resistor. Record this value in the following table.
4. Repeat this procedure from 2.0V to 30.0V. And note down the required values in the table.

Draw the following graghs on next pages.

1. Draw relation between “V” & “I” on graph paper.

2. Draw relation between “P” & “V” on graph paper.

3. Draw relation between “P” & “I” on graph paper.

VR1 I R1 PR1 R1
0V 4.7kΩ

2V 4.7kΩ

4V 4.7kΩ

6V 4.7kΩ

8V 4.7kΩ

10V 4.7kΩ

12V 4.7kΩ

14V 4.7kΩ

16V 4.7kΩ

18V 4.7kΩ

20V 4.7kΩ

22V 4.7kΩ

24V 4.7kΩ

25V 4.7kΩ

26V 4.7kΩ

28V 4.7kΩ

30V 4.7kΩ

Table 1
Relation between “V” & “I”

Relation between “P” & “V”

Relation between “P” & “I”

Conclusion

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Questions

1. What power value of resistor available in market can be used in figure 1?

2. Find the tolerance of 6.8 kΩ resistor? In case if band is missing, use tolerance of +/- 20%?