Chapter-10 1

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Gases
1
Chapter
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• Gases
• Pressure
• Volume
• Temperature
• Mole
• Gas Laws
• Boyle’s Law
• Charles’ Law
• Gay-Lussac’s Law
2
Chapter
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• Gases
• Pressure
• Volume
• Temperature
• Mole
• Gas Laws
• Combined Gas Law
• Avogadro’s Law
• Ideal Gas Law
3
Gases
4
5
Gases
•Indefinite shape and

volume.
•The particles of gas are
very much far from each
other and they move freely.
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Pressure
•Force applied by the gas

particles per unit area.
•Atmosphere (atm)
•Torr
•Millimeters of mercury (mmHg)
•Pascal (Pa)
• 1 atm = 760 mmHg = 760 torr
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Volume
•Amount of space
occupied by gas particles.
•Liter (L)
•Milliliter (ml)
•Cubic meter (m3)
• 1 L = 1000 ml
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Temperature
•Hotness and coldness of

an object.
•Kelvin (K)
•Celsius (°C)
•Fahrenheit (F)
• 273 K = 0 °C
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Mole
•Amount of substance.
•Mole
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Gas Laws
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Boyle’s Law
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Boyle’s
Click Law
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• Robert Boyle
• Pressure-Volume
relationship
• Inversely proportional
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Boyle’s
Click Law
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Example:
1. A bicycle tire has a volume of 2 L. The pressure

inside is at 1 atmospheric pressure. The tire is
pressed to a pressure half the original pressure at
constant temperature such that the tire is
compressed to a new volume. What is the new
volume of the tire after being pressed?
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Example:
Given: Solution:
2L
1 atm 𝑷𝟏𝑽𝟏
0.5 atm V2 =
𝑷𝟐
(𝟏 𝒂𝒕𝒎)(𝟐 𝑳)
= =4L
𝟎.𝟓 𝒂𝒕𝒎
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Example:
2. A gas exerts a pressure of 855 torr when

confined in a 5.00 L container. What will be the
pressure if the gas is confined in a 10 L container
at constant temperature?
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Example:
Given: Solution:
855 torr
5.00 L 𝑷𝟏𝑽𝟏
10 L P2 =
𝑽𝟐
(𝟖𝟓𝟓 𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒓)(𝟓.𝟎𝟎 𝑳)
= = 427.5 torr
𝟏𝟎 𝑳
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Example:
3. A scuba diver needs a diving tank in order to

provide breathing gas while he is underwater. How
much pressure is needed for 6 L of gas at 1.01 atm
to be compressed in a 3 L cylinder?
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Example:
Given: Solution:
6L
3L 𝑷𝟏𝑽𝟏
1.01 atm P2 =
𝑽𝟐
(𝟏.𝟎𝟏 𝒂𝒕𝒎)(𝟔 𝑳))

= = 2.02 atm
𝟑𝑳
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Charles’ Law
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Charles’
Click to editLaw
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• Jacques Charles
• Volume-Temperature
relationship
• Directly proportional
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Charles’
Click to editLaw
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23
Example:
1. A certain balloon with a volume of 5 L is place in

a container of water 25 °C at constant pressure.
The water is then heated to 100 °C. What will be
the new volume of the balloon?
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Example:
Given: Solution:
5L
25 °C 𝑽𝟏𝑻𝟐
100 °C V2 =
𝑻𝟏
(𝟓 𝑳)(𝟑𝟕𝟑 𝑲)
= = 6.26 L
𝟐𝟗𝟖 𝑲
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Example:
2. The volume of CO2 gas at -10 °C is 0.8 L.

Assuming that the pressure and amount of gas
are constant, what temperature is needed to
reduce the volume to half?
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Example:
Given: Solution:
-10 °C
0.8 L 𝑽𝟐𝑻𝟏
0.4 L T2 =
𝑽𝟏
(𝟎.𝟒 𝑳)(𝟐𝟔𝟑 𝑲)
= = 131.5 K
𝟎.𝟖 𝑳
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Gay-Lussac’s Law
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Gay-Lussac’s
Click Law
• Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac

• Pressure-Temperature
relationship
• Directly proportional
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Gay-Lussac’s
Click Law
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Example:
1. A rigid canister of an aerosol with an internal

pressure of 3 atm at 25 °C is thrown to a fire. If the
canister can withstand a pressure of only 6 atm, at
what temperature it will explode?
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Example:
Given: Solution:
3 atm
6 atm 𝑷𝟐 𝑻 𝟏
25 °C T2 =
𝑷𝟏
(𝟔 𝒂𝒕𝒎)(𝟐𝟗𝟖 𝑲)
= = 596 K
𝟑 𝒂𝒕𝒎
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Example:
2. A can of insecticide with a pressure of 4.0 atm

at 28 °C is thrown into a fire. What will be the
temperature of the gas inside the can if the
pressure reaches 9 atm?
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Example:
Given: Solution:
4.0 atm
9 atm 𝑷𝟐 𝑻 𝟏
28 °C T2 =
𝑷𝟏
(𝟗 𝒂𝒕𝒎)(𝟑𝟎𝟏𝑲)
= = 677.25 K
𝟒 𝒂𝒕𝒎
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Activity 10.1
36
Readtothe
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•Combined Gas Law

•Avogadro’s Law
•Ideal Gas Law
37
38

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Chapter-10 1

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Click to edit Master title style

•Indefinite shape and

•Force applied by the gas

•Hotness and coldness of

1. A bicycle tire has a volume of 2 L. The pressure

2. A gas exerts a pressure of 855 torr when

3. A scuba diver needs a diving tank in order to

(𝟏.𝟎𝟏 𝒂𝒕𝒎)(𝟔 𝑳))

1. A certain balloon with a volume of 5 L is place in

2. The volume of CO2 gas at -10 °C is 0.8 L.

• Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac

1. A rigid canister of an aerosol with an internal

2. A can of insecticide with a pressure of 4.0 atm

•Combined Gas Law

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