‫ﻟﻰ‬

‫ﻭ‬
‫ﻷ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺓ‬
‫ﺮ‬
‫ﺎﺿ‬‫ﺤ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬)
‫ﺮ ﻱ‬
‫ﻈ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻬ‬
‫ﻣﺠ‬‫ﺀ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺣ‬‫ﺃ‬
bilal_1_o
Mi
crobi
ology ‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻬ‬
‫ﺠ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺀ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻻﺣ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻠﻢ‬‫ﻋ‬
Mi
crobiol
ogyi
sthest
udyofmi
croor
gani
sms,al
argeanddi
ver
segr
oupof
mi
croscopi
cor
gani
sm.
‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺎﺕﺍ‬
‫ﻨ‬‫ﺋ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻜ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺔﻣﻦﺍ‬
‫ﻮﻋ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺓﻭ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﺔﻛ‬‫ﻮﻋ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬،‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻴﻘ‬‫ﻗ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻴﺔﺍ‬
‫ﺤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎﺕﺍ‬
‫ﻨ‬‫ﺋ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻜ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺔﺍ‬
‫ﺍﺳ‬‫ﺭ‬
‫ﻮﺩ‬‫ﺔﻫ‬
‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻬ‬
‫ﺠ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺀﺍ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻷﺣ‬‫ﻠﻢﺍ‬
‫ﻋ‬
.
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴﻘ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﺪ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
Vi
ruses:consi
stofnuclei
cacidmoleculeei
therDNAorRNA,enclosedi
na
pr
otei
ncoatorcaspi
dsomet i
mesenclosedbyanenvel
opeComposedofli
pid,
pr
otei
ns&carbohydr
ate.
‫ﻨﻲ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻭﻏﻼﻑﺑ‬
‫ﻴﻦﺃ‬
‫ﺗ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﺎﺑﻐﻼﻑﺑ‬
ً‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻃ‬ ‫ﺤ‬
‫ﻣ‬،RNA‫ﻭ‬D
‫ ﺃ‬NA‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻭﻱﺇ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﻤ ﺾﺍ‬
‫ﺤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺀﺍ‬
‫ﺰﻱ‬‫ﻮﻥﻣﻦﺟ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﺗ‬:‫ﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻭﺳ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻟﻔ‬
‫ﺍ‬
.‫ﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻮﻫ‬
‫ﺑ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻛ‬
‫ﺎﺕﻭ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺗ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﺑ‬‫ﻮﻥﻭ‬‫ﻮﻥﻣﻦﺩﻫ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺎﺑﻐﻼﻑﻣ‬
ً
‫ﻧ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺃﺣ‬
‫ﺎﻁ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﻣ‬

Pr
okar
yot
es:
consi
stofbact
eri
awhi
char
ehapl
oid
‫ﺩ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟﻌ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺩ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺃﺣ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻜ‬
‫ﻮﻥﻣﻦﺑ‬
‫ﻜ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺗ‬:
‫ﻮﻯ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺋ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﺑ‬
Eukary
otes:aremember soffourmajorgr
oups>>algae,pr
otozoa,f
ungi&
molds,eukar
yot
escont
aintr
uenucl
eusandaredi
ploi
d
‫ﻮﻱ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﺗ‬,
‫ﻔﻦ‬‫ﻟﻌ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺎﺕﻭ‬
‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻔﻄ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺎﺕﻭ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻭ‬‫ﻷ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻟﺐﻭ‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺤ‬‫ﻟﻄ‬
‫ﻴﺔ<<ﺍ‬‫ﻴﺴ‬
‫ﺋ‬‫ﺎﺕﺭ‬‫ﻮﻋ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﺑﻊﻣ‬
‫ﺭ‬‫ﺀﻓﻲﺃ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻋﻀ‬:‫ﻮﻯ‬
‫ﻨ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺎﺕﺍ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻴﻘ‬‫ﺣﻘ‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫ﺒﻐ‬‫ﻟﺼ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺋ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺔﻭﻫﻲﺛ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻴﻘ‬‫ﺓﺣﻘ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻠﻰﻧ‬
‫ﻮﻯﻋ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻴﻘ‬‫ﺣﻘ‬
f
ungi
div
idedt
othr
eegr
oups‫ﻴﻊ‬
‫ﻣ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﺠ‬
‫ﻟﻰﺛﻼﺙﻣ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻟﻔﻄ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺗﻘﺴﻢ‬
mushr
oom‫ﺮ‬
‫ ﻓﻄ‬mol
ds‫ﺎﻥ‬
‫ ﺍﻋﻔ‬y
east
s‫ﺮ‬‫ﺋ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺧ‬
Mostf
ungi
aremul
ti
cel
l
ularandt
hei
rcel
lwal
li
scomposedofchi
ti
n.
.
‫ﻴﻦ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮﻱﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻠ‬‫ﺨ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺭﻫ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﻮﻥﺟ‬
‫ﻜ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺎﻭ‬‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺨﻼ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﺩ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﺘﻌ‬
‫ﺎﺕﻣ‬
‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻔﻄ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﻌﻈﻢ‬
Pr
otozoa:areuni
cel
l
ularaer
obi
ceukar
yot
es.Theyhav
eanucl
euscompl
ex
or
ganell
es.

‫ﺓ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﺎﺕﻣﻌ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺓﻭﻋﻀ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻠﻚﻧ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺗ‬.
‫ﻴﺔ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﺨ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺩ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺃﺣ‬‫ﻮﻯ‬
‫ﻨ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻴﻘ‬
‫ﻫﻲﺣﻘ‬:
‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﻭ‬
‫ﻻ‬‫ﺍ‬

Al
gae :al so cal
l
ed cyanobact
eri
a orbl
ue gr
een al
gae,ar
e uni
cel
l
ularor
mult
icel
l
ulareukaryot
es

‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺨ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻳ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺃﺣ‬‫ﻮﻯ‬
‫ﻨ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻘ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻭﻫﻲﻣﻦﺣﻘ‬،‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻗ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﺰ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺀ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﺨﻀ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻟﺐ‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺤ‬‫ﻟﻄ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺃ‬
‫ﺀ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻗ‬
‫ﺭ‬‫ﺰ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻜ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎ‬
ً‫ﻳ‬
‫ﻀ‬ ‫ﺃ‬
‫ﻤﻰ‬‫ﺗﺴ‬:
‫ﻟﺐ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺤ‬‫ﻟﻄ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻳ‬‫ﺨﻼ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺓ‬
‫ﺩ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺘﻌ‬
‫ﻭﻣ‬‫ﺃ‬

Par
asi
te:
agr
oupofeukar
yot
esconsi
stoft
he1-f
latwor
m,2-r
oundwor
m

‫ﺓ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺪ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﺓﻣﺴ‬
‫ﺩ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺩ‬-
2،‫ﺔ‬
‫ﺤ‬‫ﺓﻣﺴﻄ‬
‫ﺩ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺩ‬-
1‫ﻮﻥﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻜ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻮﻯﺗ‬
‫ﻨ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻴﻘ‬
‫ﻮﻋﺔﻣﻦﺣﻘ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﻣ‬:
‫ﻠﻲ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻃﻔ‬
Cl
assi
fi
cat
ionofMi
croor
gani
sms‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻴﻘ‬‫ﻗ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﺋ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻜ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻴﻒ‬
‫ﻨ‬‫ﺗﺼ‬
accor
dingt
otax
onomi
ccat
egor
iest
ofaci
l
itat
e:

:
‫ﻠﻲ‬‫ﺎﻳ‬
‫ﻠﻰﻣ‬
‫ﺍﻋ‬‫ﺩ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﺍﻋ‬‫ﺤﺚ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻴﻞ‬‫ﻬ‬
‫ﺘﺴ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻴﻔ‬
‫ﻨ‬‫ﺎﺕﺗﺼ‬
‫ﺌ‬‫ﻟﻰﻓ‬
‫ﺇ‬‫ﻴﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻗ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻨ‬‫ﺋ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻜ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻴﻒ‬
‫ﻨ‬‫ﺘﻢﺗﺼ‬
‫ﻳ‬

1-Bact
eri
acel
lst
ruct
ure‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻜ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻳ‬‫ﻴﺐﺧﻼ‬
‫ﻛ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺗ‬

a-capsul
e:madeofpolysacchar
idesi
sthemaj
orvi
rul
encefact
orinthemaj
or
di
sease,Causi
ngbact
eri
asuchasEscheri
acol
iandst
rept
ococcuspneumoni
ae

‫ﺠﻌﻞ‬
‫ﺬﻱﻳ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﻴﺴﻲﺍ‬
‫ﺋ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺓﺍ‬‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻟﻀ‬‫ﻣﻞﺍ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺓﻭﻫﻲﻋ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﻤﻌﻘ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎﺕﺍ‬
‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻜ‬‫ﻟﺴ‬
‫ﺔﻣﻦﺍ‬
‫ﻮﻋ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻮﻥﻣﺼ‬
‫ﻜ‬‫ﺗ‬:
‫ﺤﻔﻈﺔ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﻭﺍ‬
‫ﺔﺃ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﺒﺴ‬
‫ﻜ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬-‫ﺃ‬
‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻳ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺋ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟﻌﻘ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﺛ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﺠ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺔﻭ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻧ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻟﻘ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻜ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻹﺷ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻜ‬
‫ﺑ‬:‫ﺜﻞ‬
‫ﻣ‬،‫ﺍﺽ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻷ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻠﺐ‬
‫ﺒﺔﻷﻏ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﺎﻣﺴ‬
‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬

b-cel
lenv
elope:
ismadeoft
wo-t
hreel
ayer
s
1-i
nter
iorcyt
opl
asmi
cmembr
ane,
2-cel
lwal
l
,3-out
ercapsul
einsomespeci
es
ofbact
eria

‫ﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺒﻘ‬‫ﻟﻰﺛﻼﺙﻃ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻨ‬‫ﺛ‬
‫ﻮﻥﻣﻦﺍ‬
‫ﻜ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻳ‬:
‫ﻴﺔ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﺨ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻏﻼﻑ‬-
‫ﺏ‬

‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻜ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻉ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺃ‬‫ﺔﻓﻲﺑﻌ ﺾ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺭﺟ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺨ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﺒﺴ‬
‫ﻜ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬-
3‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻠ‬‫ﺨ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺪ‬
‫ﺟ‬-2‫ﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺧ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺯ‬‫ﺑﻼ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻟﺴ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺀ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻟﻐﺸ‬
‫ﺍ‬-
1

c-cel
lwall
:isenclosedbyari
gidcell
wall
composedofpept i
dogly
can,aprot
ein
-sugar(poly
sacchar i
de)molecul
e.Thecellwallgi
vesshapofbact eri
aand
surr
oundsthecytoplasm membraneandprot
ect
ingitf
rom envi
ronment.

.
(‫ﺪ‬‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻜ‬‫ﻟﺴ‬
‫ﺪﺍ‬‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﺮ)ﻋ‬
‫ﻜ‬‫ﺳ‬-‫ﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺗ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﺀﺑ‬‫ﺰﻱ‬
‫ﺟ‬،‫ﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻜ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻭﻏ‬‫ﺪ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻮﻥﻣﻦﺑ‬
‫ﻜ‬‫ﻠﺐﻣ‬
‫ﻮﻱﺻ‬
‫ﻠ‬‫ﺭﺧ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﺎﻁﺑ‬
‫ﺤ‬‫ﻣ‬:
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﺨ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺪ‬
‫ﺟ‬-‫ﺝ‬
.
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺌ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭﻑ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻟﻈ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻪﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺤ‬
‫ﻳ‬‫ﻡﻭ‬
‫ﺯ‬‫ﺑﻼ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻟﺴ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺀ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴﻂﺑﻐﺸ‬
‫ﺤ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﻳﺔﻭ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﻜ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻠ‬‫ﺨ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﺪ‬
‫ﺤ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻜﻞ‬
‫ﻟﺸ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻳﻌﻄﻲ‬

d-Cyt
oplasm orprotoplasm ofbacteri
alcel
l:iswheret
hefuncti
onsforcell
growt
h,met abol
i
sm and r epl
i
cati
on are car
ri
ed out.i
tis gel
lli
ke matri
x
composedofcellst
ructuressuchasribosomes,achr
omosomeandplasmids..

‫ﺋﻲ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺬ‬
‫ﻟﻐ‬‫ﻴﻞﺍ‬
‫ﺜ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻳﻭ‬
‫ﺨﻼﺎ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﻮﺍ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﺋﻒﻧ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺬﻭﻇ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻨﻔ‬
‫ﺘﻢﺗ‬
‫ﻴﺚﻳ‬
‫ﺣ‬:‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺔﺍ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺨ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﻡﺍ‬
‫ﺯ‬‫ﺑﻼ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﺗ‬‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻭﺑ‬
‫ﻡﺃ‬‫ﺯ‬
‫ﺑﻼ‬‫ﻮ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻟﺴ‬
‫ﺍ‬-‫ﺩ‬
‫ﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺯ‬‫ﺒﻼ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻡﻭ‬‫ﻮ‬
‫ﻮﺳ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻜ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺎﺕﻭ‬
‫ﻣ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻮﺳ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺜﻞ‬‫ﺔﻣ‬
‫ﻳ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻛﻞﺧ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻮﻥﻣﻦﻫ‬
‫ﻜ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻼﻲﻳ‬
‫ﻴﺞﻫﻣ‬
‫ﻮﻧﺴ‬
‫ﻫ‬.‫ﺮ‬
‫ﺛ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻜ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻭ‬

pl
asmidsare smal
lex
trachr
omosomalgenet
icst
ruct
urescar
ri
ed bymany
st
rai
nsofbact
eri
a.

.
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﻜ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺓﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺪ‬
‫ﻻﺕﻋ‬
‫ﺎﺳﻼ‬
‫ﻬ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﺓﺗ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻴﺔﺻﻐ‬
‫ﺒﻐ‬‫ﻟﺼ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺔﻏ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺛ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺭ‬
‫ﻛﻞﻭ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺍﺕﻫﻲﻫ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺯ‬‫ﺒﻼ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬

plasmidrepl
i
cateindependentl
yofthechromosomeand,whi
l
enotessent
ial
for
survi
val,
appeartogivebacter
iaaselect
iveadv
antage.

،‫ﺓ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺤ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺪ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻠﻰﻗ‬
‫ﺀﻋ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺒﻘ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺎ‬
ً
‫ﻳ‬‫ﺭ‬
‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻴﺲﺿ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﻪ‬‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺃ‬‫ﺮﻏﻢﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻭﻋ‬،‫ﻡ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻮﺳ‬
‫ﻣ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻜ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺘﻘﻞﻋﻦ‬
‫ﻜﻞﻣﺴ‬
‫ﺪﺑﺸ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺯ‬
‫ﺒﻼ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺛ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻜ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﻳ‬
.
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺋ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘﻘ‬
‫ﻧ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺓ‬
‫ﺰ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺎﻣ‬
‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻜ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻪﻳﻌﻄﻲ‬
‫ﻧ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻳ‬

Bilal Bashar
e-cyt
opl
asmicmembr ane:al ayerofphosphol
i
pidsandprotei
nscall
edt
he
cyt
opl
asmicmembr ane,encl
osestheint
eri
orofthebact
ermia,r
egul
ati
ngt
he
fl
ow ofmater
ial
sinandoutofthecel
l.

‫ﻴﻂ‬
‫ﺤ‬‫ﻳ‬،‫ﻣﻲ‬
‫ﺯ‬‫ﺑﻼ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻟﺴ‬‫ﺀﺍ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻟﻐﺸ‬
‫ﻤﻰﺍ‬
‫ﺎﺕﺗﺴ‬
‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺗ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔﻭ‬
‫ﻳ‬‫ﺭ‬‫ﻮ‬
‫ﻟﻔﺴﻔ‬
‫ﻮﻥﺍ‬
‫ﺪﻫ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺔﻣﻦﺍ‬
‫ﺒﻘ‬‫ﻃ‬:
‫ﻣﻲ‬‫ﺯ‬
‫ﺑﻼ‬‫ﻮ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻟﺴ‬
‫ﺀﺍ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻐﺸ‬
‫ﺍ‬
.
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﺨ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺭﺝ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺍﺧﻞﻭﺧ‬
‫ﺩﺩ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻓﻖ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﻨﻈﻢﺗ‬
‫ﻳ‬‫ﻭ‬،‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻜ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﻃﻦ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﺑ‬

f-f
lagel
l
a( si
ngular
,fl
agel
l
um)ar ehairl
i
kest r
uctur
esthatprovi
deameansof
l
ocomotionforthosebact
eriathathavet hem.Theyar
ef oundatei
therorbot
h
endsofbacter
ium oral
loveri
tssurface.

.
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻬ‬
‫ﻜ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﺘﻲﺗ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻜ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻘﻞﻟ‬‫ﺔﻧ‬
‫ﻠ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺮﻭﺳ‬
‫ﻓ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺓﺗ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻟﺸﻌ‬
‫ﻪﺍ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﺔﺗﺸ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻜ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻴﺐﻫ‬
‫ﻛ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫(ﻫﻲﺗ‬
‫ﻮﻁ‬‫ﻟﺴ‬
‫ﺍ‬،
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺩﻫ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻣﻔ‬
)‫ﺍﻁ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻻﺳ‬
‫ﺍ‬-‫ﻭ‬
.
‫ﻣﻞ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻜ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺎﺑ‬
‫ﻬ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﻠﻰﺳﻄ‬
‫ﻭﻋ‬‫ﺃ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺃﻛﻼﻫ‬
‫ﺎﻭ‬
‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻜ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﺪﻃ‬
‫ﺃﺣ‬‫ﺪﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻮﺟ‬‫ﺗ‬

f
lagel
l
ahelptobacter
ium movet
owardnutr
ientsawayfr
om t
oxi
cchemi
cal
sor
i
nthecaseofthephotosy
neti
ccy
anobact
eri
at owardt
heli
ght
.

‫ﺣﺔ‬
‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻭﻓﻲ ﺎ‬
‫ﺃ‬‫ﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻟﺴ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺋ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻜ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺍﻋﻦ‬
ً
‫ﺪ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺔﺑﻌ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺋ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺬ‬‫ﻟﻐ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺎﺻ‬
‫ﻨ‬‫ﻟﻌ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺤ‬
‫ﺎﻧ‬‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﻜ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮﻙ‬
‫ﺤ‬‫ﻠﻰﺗ‬
‫ﺍﻁﻋ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻷﺳ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﺎﻋ‬
‫ﺗﺴ‬
.
‫ﺀ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻟﻀ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺤ‬
‫ﻴﺔﻧ‬
‫ﺋ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻟﻀ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺀ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺰ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻜ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬

g-Nucl
eoi
d:i
stheregi
onofcytopl
asm wher
ethest
randsofDNAisl
ocatedi
tis
notamembraneboundnucleus,butsimpl
yanareaofcy t
opl
asm wheret
he
str
andofDNAaref
ound.

‫ﺓ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻴﺴﺖﻧ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﻭﻫﻲ‬،
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﻜ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺔﺑ‬‫ﺎﺻ‬
‫ﺨ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭﻱ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻤﺾ‬
‫ﺤ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻮﻁ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻮﻱﺧ‬
‫ﺤ‬‫ﻡﺗ‬
‫ﺯ‬‫ﺑﻼ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻟﺴ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻨﻄﻘﺔﻓﻲ‬
‫ﻫﻲﻣ‬:
‫ﺪ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﻮ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﻛ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬-
‫ﺯ‬
.
DNA‫ﻮﻁ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺪﺧ‬
‫ﻮﺟ‬‫ﻴﺚﺗ‬
‫ﻡﺣ‬‫ﺯ‬
‫ﺑﻼ‬‫ﻮ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻟﺴ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻨﻄﻘﺔﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺩﻣ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﺠ‬‫ﺎﻣ‬
‫ﻬ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻜ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﻭ‬،
‫ﺀ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻟﻐﺸ‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺔﺑ‬‫ﺒﻄ‬
‫ﺗ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻣ‬

h-pil
li:Manyspeciesofbact
eri
ahavepill
i(singul
ar,pi
l
lus)smal
lhai
r-
li
ke
pr
ojecti
onsemer
gingfr
om t
heoutsi
decel
lsur
face.

‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻠ‬‫ﺨ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺜﻖﻣﻦﺳﻄﺢﺍ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﺮﺗ‬
‫ﻟﺸﻌ‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺔﺑ‬‫ﻬ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺓﺷ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺍﺕ ﺻﻐ‬
‫ﺀ‬‫ﻮ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﺎﻧ‬
‫ﻬ‬‫ﺎﻟ‬
‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻜ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻉﺍ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺪﻣﻦﺃ‬
‫ﻳ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟﻌ‬
‫ﺍ‬:‫ﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻟﺸﻌ‬
‫ﺍ‬-‫ﺡ‬
.
‫ﺭﺟﻲ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺨ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬

j
-Ri
bosomes:
aremi
croscopi
c"f
act
ori
es"f
oundi
nal
lcel
l
sincl
udi
ngbact
eri
a

‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻜ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺎﻓﻲﺫ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﺎﺑ‬
‫ﻳ‬‫ﺨﻼ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻴﻊ‬
‫ﻤ‬‫ﺪﻓﻲﺟ‬
‫ﻮﺟ‬‫ﺔﺗ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ﻮ‬
‫ﻜ‬‫ﻭﺳ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫"ﻣ‬‫ﻧﻊ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣﺼ‬
"‫ﻫﻲ‬:
‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻮﺳ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
-‫ﻁ‬

Bacter
ialr
ibosomesarenev
erboundtoot
heror
ganel
l
esast
heysomet
imesar
e
(boundtootherendopl
asmi
cret
icul
um).

.
(‫ﺮﻯ‬
‫ﺃﺧ‬‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺯ‬
‫ﺑﻼ‬‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﺇ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﺔﺑﺸ‬‫ﺒﻄ‬
‫ﺗ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻣ‬)‫ﺎ‬
ً
‫ﻧ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺃﺣ‬
‫ﻷﺎ‬
‫ﻬ‬‫ﺮﻯﻧ‬
‫ﻷﺧ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻟﻌﻀ‬
‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺑ‬ً
‫ﺪ‬
‫ﺑ‬‫ﺃ‬‫ﻳﺔ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﻜ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻣ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻮﺳ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺒﻂ‬‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻻﺗ‬
 pr
okar
yot
iccel
l euokar
yot
iccel
l
1-nucleoidacent
ralr
egi
onoft
hecel
l 1. nucl
eus stores the genet
ie
thatcontai
nsi
tsDNA. i
nfor
mati
oninChr
omati
nf or
m.

‫ﻮﻱ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﺗ‬
‫ﻴﺔﻭ‬
‫ﻠ‬‫ﺨ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺔﻓﻲﺍ‬
‫ﻳ‬‫ﺰ‬‫ﻛ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﺪﻣ‬
‫ﻳ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻠ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﻮ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺔﺍ‬‫ﻨﻄﻘ‬
‫ﻣ‬.1.
‫ﻴﻦ‬‫ﺗ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻜﻞﻛ‬
‫ﺎﺕﻓﻲﺷ‬
‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺠ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺓﻣﻌ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺰﻥ‬‫ﺨ‬
‫ﺗ‬.1
‫ﺎﺹ‬
‫ﺨ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻬ‬‫ﻤﻀ‬
‫ﺣ‬
2. Ri
bosome ar e responsi
ble for
2. Ri
bosome are r
esponsi
bl or pr
e f otei
nsynthesi
s.
pr
otei
nsynt
hesi
s. .
‫ﻴﻦ‬‫ﺗ‬
‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻴﻖ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺨ‬‫ﻟﺔﻋﻦﺗ‬
‫ﻭ‬‫ﺆ‬‫ﻤﺴ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻡﻫﻲ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻮﺳ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬.
2
.
‫ﻴﻦ‬‫ﺗ‬
‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻴﻖ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﺨ‬‫ﺔﻋﻦﺗ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺆ‬
‫ﻤﺴ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻡﻫﻲ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻮﺳ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
.2
3.cyt
oskeletonorcellwal lprovi
des
3.cel lwallpr
ovides str
ucture and str
uct
uresal l
owsf orcellmov ement
protecti
on f r
om t
he out side andplaysarolei
ncelldi
visi
on
environment
.Mostbacteri
ahavearigi
d ‫ﻤﺢ‬‫ﻛﻞﺗﺴ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺔﻫ‬ ‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻠ‬‫ﺨ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺪ‬
‫ﻭﺟ‬ ‫ﺃ‬
‫ﻮﻱ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺨ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻜﻞ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻬ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻓ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻳ‬.
3
cellwallmadeofcar bohydr
atesand
protein. ‫ﺎ‬‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺨﻼ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻡ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻧﻘﺴ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺍﻓﻲ‬ً
‫ﺭ‬
‫ﻭ‬‫ﻠﻌﺐﺩ‬‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺔﻭ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺨ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻛﺔ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﺑ‬

‫ﺔ‬‫ﺌ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺔﻣﻦﺍ‬ ‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻜﻞﻭ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺔﺍ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺨ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺭﺍ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﺮﺟ‬‫ﻓ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻳ‬.3 4. No cel l membr ane f ound
phospholi
pidbi
layer.
‫ﻮﻱ‬
‫ﻠ‬‫ﺭﺧ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺪ‬
‫ﻠﻰﺟ‬ ‫ﺎﻋ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﻮﻱﻣﻌﻈﻢﺍ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﺗ‬.‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺭﺟ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺨ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬
.‫ﻴﻦ‬
‫ﺗ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺍﺕﻭ‬‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻮﻫ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻉﻣﻦ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻠﺐﻣﺼ‬‫ ﺻ‬. ‫ﺔ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺭ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻮﺳﻔ‬‫ﻟﻔ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺒﻘ‬
‫ﻟﻄ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺋﻲ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻨ‬‫ﺔﺛ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻠ‬‫ﺨ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺀ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺪﻏﺸ‬
‫ﻮﺟ‬ ‫ﻻﻳ‬.
4

4.Cellmembrane>>pl ane 5.NoCapsul

asm membr e.
that separ
ates t
he cellf r
om the
‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺒﺴ‬
‫ﻻﻛ‬.
5
outsi
deenvir
onment.

‫ﻴﺔﻋﻦ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺨ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﻔﺼﻞﺍ‬‫ﻣﻲﻳ‬‫ﺯ‬
‫ﺀﺑﻼ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺔ<<ﻏﺸ‬ ‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻠ‬‫ﺨ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺀ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻏﺸ‬.4 6.Mi tochondr
ia atso known as t
he
powerhousesofthecel l
.
.
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺭﺟ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺨ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺌ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺔﻓﻲ‬‫ﻗ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻄ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮﺕ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺎﺳﻢﺑ‬
‫ﺎﺑ‬ً‫ﻳ‬
‫ﻀ‬ ‫ﺃ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﻧ‬‫ﻮ‬
‫ﻛ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮﻑ‬
‫ﺗﻌ‬.6
5-Capsulesomebacter
iahavealayer
.
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﺨ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬
efCarbohydrat
esthatsurr
oundst he
cel
lwall
. 7.cy
tosol:i
sgellikesubstancewi
thi
n
‫ﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﻘ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﺎ ﻃ‬
‫ﻬ‬‫ﺎﻟ‬
‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻜ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺔ ﺑﻌ ﺾ ﺍ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺒﺴ‬
‫ﻛ‬.5t
hecel
lthatcont
aint
heor
ganel
l
es
.
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﺨ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺪ‬
‫ﺠ‬‫ﻴﻂﺑ‬
‫ﺤ‬‫ﺍﺕﺗ‬
‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻮﻫ‬
‫ﺑ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻜ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﻴﺔﺍ‬
‫ﻠ‬‫ﺨ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍﺧﻞﺍ‬
‫ﺔﺩ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻣ‬‫ﺓﻫﻼ‬
‫ﺩ‬‫ﺎ‬‫ﻫﻲﻣ‬:
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﻮ‬
‫ﻠ‬‫ﺨ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺓﺍ‬‫ﺭ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻟﻌﺼ‬
‫ﺍ‬.7
‫ﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻟﻌﻀ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻮﻱﻋ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﺘﻲﺗ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
6-
fi
mbr
iae:
aret
hinhai
rli
kest
ruct
ure

‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻟﺸﻌ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻪ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻴﻖﻳﺸ‬
‫ﻗ‬‫ﻠﻲﺭ‬
‫ﻜ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻴﺐﻫ‬
‫ﻛ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻮﺗ‬
‫ﻫ‬:‫ﺪﺏ‬
‫ﻬ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
.6
8. endoplasmic reti
culum i s an
7.pi
ll
iarer odshapedst ruct
ur eshelp
or
ganell
e dedi cated t o pr ot
ein
at
tachment&DNAt ransfer.
maturat
ionandtransport
ation.
‫ﻴﺐ‬‫ﻜﻞﻗﻀ‬ ‫ﻠﻰ ﺷ‬‫ﻛﻞﻋ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺓﻋﻦ ﻫ‬ ‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﻋ‬:‫ﺓ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻟﺸﻌ‬‫ﺍ‬.7
‫ﻨﻀﺞ‬‫ﺮﺳﺔﻟ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺔﻣ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺔﻫﻲﻋﻀ‬ ‫ﻴ‬‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺯ‬‫ﺑﻼ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺪ‬‫ﻧ‬
‫ﻹ‬‫ﺔﺍ‬ ‫ﻜ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟﺸ‬
‫ﺍ‬.8
.‫ﻭﻱ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻨ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻤﺾ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻳﻞ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﺗ‬
‫ﻠﻖﻭ‬ ‫ﺘﻌ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻠﻰ‬‫ﺪﻋ‬‫ﺎﻋ‬‫ﺗﺴ‬
.‫ﻪ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﻧﻘ‬‫ﻴﻦﻭ‬‫ﺗ‬
‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
8.f
lagel
l
a:assi
stt
omov
ement 9.vesi
cles&v
acuol
es:ar
emembr ane
-boundSacsi
nvol
vedi
ntr
anspor
tati
on
‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻛ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺤ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺪﻋ‬‫ﺎﻋ‬
‫ﻳﺴ‬:
‫ﻮﻁ‬‫ﺳ‬.
8 &storage.

‫ﺔ‬
‫ﺘﺼﻘ‬
‫ﻠ‬‫ﺎﺱ ﻣ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻛ‬
‫ ﻫﻲﺃ‬:
‫ﺍﺕ‬‫ﻮ‬
‫ﺠ‬‫ﻟﻔ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻳﺼﻼﺕﻭ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬.9
.
‫ﺰﻥ‬‫ﺨ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻨﻘﻞﻭ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺭﻙﻓﻲ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺀﺗﺸ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺑﻐﺸ‬

Compar
isum bet
weenpr
okar
yot
iccel
landeukar
yot
iccel
l

‫ﺓ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻴﻘ‬
‫ﺔﺣﻘ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺨ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺓﻭ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻴﺔ‬‫ﺋ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺪ‬
‫ﺔﺑ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻠ‬‫ﺨ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻴﻦ‬
‫ﻧﺔﺑ‬
‫ﺭ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻘ‬

St
ruct
ure pr
okar
yot
ic eukar
yot
ic

‫ﻜﻞ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻬ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺓ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻴﺔ‬‫ﺋ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺪ‬
‫ﺑ‬ ‫ﻮﻯ‬
‫ﻨ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻴﻘ‬
‫ﺣﻘ‬

1.Nucl
eus Absent Pr
esent

‫ﺓ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
.1 ‫ﺓ‬
‫ﺩ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻮﺟ‬
‫ﺮﻣ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻏ‬ ‫ﺩ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻮﺟ‬
‫ﻣ‬

2.membr
aneboundor
ganel
l
es Absent Pr
esent

‫ﺀ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺒﻄﺔﺑﻐﺸ‬
‫ﺗ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﺎﺕﻣ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻋﻀ‬.
2 ‫ﺓ‬
‫ﺩ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻮﺟ‬
‫ﺮﻣ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻏ‬ ‫ﺩ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻮﺟ‬
‫ﻣ‬

3.cel
lst
ruct
ure Uni
cel
l
ular Mul
ti
cel
l
ular
,Someuni
cel
l
ular

‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺨ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻜﻞ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻫ‬.
3 ‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺨ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺓ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻭﺣ‬ ‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺨ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺪ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺎﻭﺣ‬
‫ﻬ‬‫ﺑﻌﻀ‬،
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺨﻼ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺩ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﺘﻌ‬
‫ﻣ‬

4.Cel
lsi
ze smal
l
er(
1-0.
5)µm Lar
ger(
10-
100)µm

‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺨ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﺠﻢ‬
‫ﺣ‬.4 ‫ﺮ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫(ﻣ‬1-
0.5)‫ﺮ‬
‫ﺃﺻﻐ‬ ‫ﺮ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻭ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫(ﻣ‬10-
100)‫ﺮ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﺃ‬

5.DNAf
orm Ci
rcul
ar Li
near

DNA‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻴﻐ‬‫ﻭﺻ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺷ‬.5 ‫ﺮﻱ‬
‫ﺋ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺩ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﻲ‬

6.exampl
es Bact
eri
aar
chaea Ani
mal
s-pl
ant
s-f
ungi

‫ﻠﺔ‬
‫ﺜ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺃ‬
.6 ‫ﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺋ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻜ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺋﻖ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻓﻄ‬-‫ﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺗ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﻧ‬-‫ﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻧ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺣ‬
‫‪Ty‬‬
‫‪pesofbact‬‬
‫‪er‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪alspor‬‬
‫ﻳﺔ ‪es‬‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﻜ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻍ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫ﻻ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻉ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻧ‬
‫ﺍ‬

‫‪1-endospor‬‬
‫‪e:i‬‬
‫‪ti‬‬‫‪spr‬‬
‫‪oduced wi‬‬
‫‪t‬‬‫‪hi‬‬
‫‪nt‬‬‫‪hebact‬‬
‫‪er‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪alcel‬‬
‫‪lsuch asBaci‬‬
‫‪l‬‬
‫‪l‬‬‫‪us,‬‬
‫‪cl‬‬
‫‪ost‬‬
‫‪r‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪di‬‬‫‪um Spor‬‬
‫‪osar‬‬
‫‪ci‬‬‫‪na‬‬

‫(‬
‫ﻴﺔ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺰ‬‫ﻤﻐ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺔ)‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺜ‬‫ﻤﻄ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺔ‪،‬ﺍ‬
‫ﻳ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﻟﻌﺼ‬
‫ﺜﻞﺍ‬
‫ﺔﻣ‬‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﻜ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺔﺍ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻠ‬‫ﺨ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍﺧﻞﺍ‬
‫ﺎﺩ‬‫ﻬ‬
‫ﺎﺟ‬‫ﺘ‬
‫ﻧ‬‫ﺘﻢﺇ‬
‫ﻠﻲ‪:‬ﻳ‬‫ﺍﺧ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻍﺍ‬ ‫ﻮ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫‪-‬ﺍ‬‫‪1‬‬
‫‪Spor‬‬‫‪osar‬‬
‫‪ci‬‬‫‪na‬‬

‫‪2-exospor‬‬
‫‪e:‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪ti‬‬‫‪spr‬‬
‫‪oducedout‬‬
‫‪si‬‬‫‪det‬‬
‫‪hecel‬‬
‫‪l‬‬‫‪suchasmet‬‬
‫‪hy‬‬‫‪l‬‬
‫‪osi‬‬
‫‪nus‬‬

‫ﻮﺱ‬
‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻮﺳ‬
‫ﻠ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﺜ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺜﻞﻣ‬
‫ﺔﻣ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻠ‬‫ﺨ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺭﺝ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺘﺞﺧ‬
‫ﻨ‬‫‪:‬ﻳ‬
‫ﺭﺟﻲ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺨ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻍ‬‫ﻮ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫‪-‬‬
‫‪2‬‬

‫‪Spor‬‬
‫‪ul‬‬‫‪at‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪on:veget‬‬
‫‪at‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪v‬‬‫‪ecel‬‬
‫‪l‬‬‫‪conv‬‬
‫‪er‬‬‫‪t‬‬
‫‪si‬‬‫‪nt‬‬
‫‪ospor‬‬
‫‪ebyt‬‬
‫‪hepr‬‬
‫‪ocessknownast‬‬
‫‪he‬‬
‫‪Spor‬‬
‫‪ul‬‬‫‪at‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪onwhi‬‬
‫‪chcandi‬‬
‫‪v‬‬‫‪i‬‬
‫‪dedi‬‬
‫‪nt‬‬‫‪osev‬‬
‫‪er‬‬‫‪al‬‬
‫‪st‬‬‫‪ages:‬‬

‫ﺘﻲ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫(ﻭ‬‫ﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺭ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟﺴ‬
‫ﻳﻦﺍ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺗ‬
‫)‬‫ﻍ‬‫ﻮ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﺘ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺎﺳﻢﺍ‬
‫ﺔﺑ‬‫ﻓ‬
‫ﻭ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﻤﻌ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﻴﺔﺍ‬
‫ﻠ‬‫ﻤ‬‫ﻟﻌ‬
‫ﻳﻖﺍ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﻍﻋﻦﻃ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻟﻰﺑ‬
‫ﺔﺇ‬‫ﻳ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﺨﻀ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﻴﺔﺍ‬
‫ﻠ‬‫ﺨ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻝﺍ‬‫ﻮ‬
‫ﺤ‬‫ﺘ‬‫‪:‬ﺗ‬
‫ﻍ‬‫ﻮ‬‫ﺒ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬
‫‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﺣﻞ‬
‫ﺮ‬‫ﺓﻣ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟﻰﻋ‬
‫ﺇ‬‫ﻨﻘﺴﻢ‬
‫ﺃﻥﺗ‬
‫ﻜﻦ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻳ‬

‫‪1.Ax‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪al‬‬
‫‪f‬‬‫‪i‬‬‫‪l‬‬
‫‪amentf‬‬
‫‪or‬‬‫‪mat‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪onst‬‬
‫ﺭﻱ ‪age.‬‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﺤ‬‫ﻤ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬‫ﻴﻂ‬
‫ﺨ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻳﻦ‬‫ﻮ‬
‫ﻜ‬‫ﺔﺗ‬
‫ﻠ‬‫ﺮﺣ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫‪2.For‬‬
‫‪espor‬‬
‫‪ef‬‬‫‪or‬‬
‫‪mat‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪on‬‬ ‫ﻟﻲ‬
‫ﻭ‬‫ﻷ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻍ‬‫ﻮ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮﻥ‬
‫ﻜ‬‫ﻠﺔﺗ‬
‫ﺮﺣ‬‫ﻣ‬

‫‪3.Engul‬‬
‫‪f‬‬‫‪mentoff‬‬
‫‪or‬‬‫‪espor‬‬
‫‪e‬‬ ‫ﻭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻷﻟﻲ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻮﺏ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻉ‬‫ﺘﻼ‬
‫ﺑ‬‫ﺍ‬

‫‪4.Sy‬‬
‫‪nt‬‬‫‪hesi‬‬
‫‪sex‬‬‫‪ospor‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪um‬‬ ‫‪.‬‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﺠ‬‫ﺎﺿ‬
‫ﻨ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻍ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﺑ‬
‫ﻟﻸ‬‫ﺔ‬
‫ﻴ‬‫ﺭﺟ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﺨ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺤ‬‫ﻟﺴﻄ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺔ‬‫ﺒﻘ‬
‫ﻟﻄ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﻴﻖ‬‫ﻠ‬
‫ﺨ‬‫ﺗ‬

‫‪5.Sy‬‬
‫‪nt‬‬‫‪hesi‬‬
‫‪sofdi‬‬
‫‪pi‬‬‫‪col‬‬
‫‪oni‬‬
‫‪caci‬‬
‫ﻴﻚ‪d.‬‬
‫ﻨ‬‫ﻴ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻤﺾ‬
‫ﺋﻲﺣ‬
‫ﺎ‬‫ﻨ‬
‫ﻳﻦﺛ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻜ‬‫ﺗ‬

‫‪6.Mat‬‬
‫‪ur‬‬‫‪at‬‬
‫‪i‬‬‫‪on‬‬ ‫ﻨﻀﺞ‬
‫ﻟ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺔ‬‫ﻠ‬‫ﺮﺣ‬
‫ﻣ‬

‫‪7.r‬‬
‫‪el‬‬‫‪easeofendospor‬‬
‫‪e‬‬ ‫ﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺍﺧ‬
‫ﺪ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﻍ‬‫ﻮ‬
‫ﺒ‬‫ﻟ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﻳ‬‫ﺮ‬‫ﺤ‬
‫ﺗ‬
‫‪bilal_1_o‬‬

‫ﻉ‬
‫ﻟﻺﻃﻼ‬
‫ﻜﻞ‬‫ﻟﺸ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺍ‬
‫ﺬ‬‫ﻣﻼﺣﻆﻫ‬

‫ﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻠ‬‫ﻷﺻ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺫ‬‫ﺎ‬
‫ﺘ‬‫ﻻﺳ‬
‫ﺍ‬‫ﺓ‬‫ﺮ‬
‫ﺎﺿ‬‫ﺤ‬
‫ﺩﻓﻲﻣ‬
‫ﻮ‬‫ﻮﺟ‬
‫ﺮﻣ‬‫ﻴ‬
‫ﻮﻏ‬‫ﻭﻫ‬