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ﻮﻨﻌ
ﺔﺑﻘ
ﺑﺎ
ﺔﺳﺍﺳ
ﺭﺩ
ﺔ
ﻴﻟﺼﺤ
ﻬﻢﺍ
ﻠﻛﺎ
ﻣﺸﺔﻭ
ﻴﻨﺬﻫ
ﻟﺔﺍ
ﻗﺎﻭﺍﻻﻋ
ﻭﺎ ﺹﺫ
ﺍﻷﺷﺨ
ﻟﻒ/
ﺆﻤﻟ
ﺍ
ﻮ
ﻴﻠﺑ
ﺎﻥﺩ
ﻮﻫ،ﺟ
ﻭﻝﺮ
ﺎﻥﻛ
ﻳﺩﻮ
،ﺑﻴﻞﺍﻯﺍﻡﺳﻲ
ﻴﻧﺍ
ﺩ
ﺩ/
ﺍﺪﺍﻋ
ﺎﺳﻢ
ﻘﻟ
ﻮﺍﺑ
ﻳﻦﺍ
ﺪﻟﺎﻡﺍ
ﺓﻋﺼ
ﺩﻮﻣ
ﻔﻰ
ﺪﻣﺼﻄ
ﻤ/ﻣﺤ
ﺩ.ﺍﻑ/
ﺃ ﺮﺗﺤﺖﺍﺷ
/ﺔ
ﻠﻤﺠ
ﻟﺍﺳﻢﺍ
ﺔ
ﻳﺮﻜ
ﻔﻟﺍ
ﺔﻗﺎ
ﺍﻹﻋ
ﻭﻯﺒﺤﺚﻋﻦﺫ
ﻟﺍ
ﺔﻠﻣﺠ
1
20،
102
،93،
48ﻗﻢ
ﺔﺭﻔﺤ
ﻧﻰﻣﻦ ﺻ
ﺎﺜ
ﻟﺍﺀ
ﺰﻟﺠ
ﺍ
ﺒﺤﺚﻟ
ﺍﻥﺍﻮ
ﻨﻋ
ﺔ
ﻴﻟﺼﺤ
ﺍﻬﻢ
ﻠﻛﺎ
ﻣﺸﺔﻭ
ﻴﻨﺬﻫ
ﻟﺍﺔ
ﻗﺎﺍﻹﻋ
ﻭﻭﺎ ﺹﺫ
ﺍﻷﺷﺨ
Ab
str
act
:
BackgroundTh et r
ansiti
onofp e
oplewit
hintel
lec
tualdis abil
ityfrom
careinsti
tutionst othecommunityaccor
dingtoWe ste
rnp ol
icyresul
ts
inas hif
to fresp onsib
ili
tytowardspri
maryh e
althcares erv
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In
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imalcaretopeopl
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ngint h ecommunity,
generalpracti
t i
o nersneedt
ob eawareofthespec
ifi
ch ealthproblems
ofthispatientc ategory.
Theaimo fth
ispaperistopresentano vervi
ew
ofrecentstudieso n
thespecifi
ch e
althp r
oble
mso fpeoplewit
hI D,inp articularo nh ealth
probl
emso fpeoplewit
hIDi nt hecommunity,compar edt otho seoft he
Toreliablycomp arehe
althp robl
emso fMe thodgene ralp opulation.
indi
vidualswithandwi thoutID, t
hisrevi
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thereviewconcentrat
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terature,publ i
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andRe sultsMo stcomparativeres
earchamo ngp eoplewi thIDp r
es ents
highe
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ﻠﺨ ﺺ
ﻤﻟ
ﺍ:
ﺔ
ﺎﺳﻴ
ﻠﺴﺎﻟ
ً
ﻘﻓﻠﻲﻭ
ﻤﺤﻟ
ﻊﺍﻤ
ﺘﻤﺠ
ﻟﻟﻰﺍ
ﺔﺇﻳ
ﺎﺮﻋ
ﻟﺎﺕﺍ
ﺆﺳﺴ
ﺎﻣﻦﻣ
ً
ﻴﻨ
ﻴﻦﺫﻫ
ﻗﻮﻌ
ﻤﻟﺎﻝﺍ
ﻘﺘﻧ
ﺩﻱﺍ
ﺆﻳﻭ
ﺔ
ﻴﻟﻭ
ﺔﺍﻷﻴﻟﺼﺤﺔﺍ
ﻳﺎﺮﻋﻟ
ﺎﺕﺍﻣﺪ
ﻮﺧ ﺔﻧﺤﻴ
ﻟﻭﺆ
ﻤﺴﻟﻮﻝﻓﻲﺍﻟﻰﺗﺤﺔﺇ
ﻴﺑﺮ
ﻐﻟﺮﺍﻴ
ﻓﻮ .
ﻣﻦﺃﺟﻞﺗﻭ
ﻠﻰﻴﻦﻋﻌ
ﺘﻳ،ﻊﻤ ﺘ
ﻤﺠﻟﻮﻥﻓﻲﺍ
ﻴﺸﻌﻳﻦﻳﺬﻟ
ﺔﺍﻴﻨ
ﺔﺫﻫﻗ
ﺎﺍﻹﻋ
ﻭﻱﺎ ﺹﺫﻠﻰﻟﻸﺷﺨﺜ
ﻤﻟ
ﺔﺍﻳﺎ
ﺮﻋﻟ
ﺍ
ﺮﺿﻰﻤﻟ
ﺔﻣﻦﺍﺌﻔ
ﻟﻩﺍﺬ
ﻬﺓﻟﺩﺪﻤﺤﻟ
ﺔﺍﻴﻟﺼﺤ
ﻛﻞﺍﺎﻤﺸﻟ
ﺎ
ﻠﻰﻭﻋﻲﺑﺍﻋﻮﻧﻮ
ﻜﻴﻦﺃﻥﻳ ﻣﺎ
ﻌﻟ
ﻴﻦﺍﺭﺳ
ﺎﻤﻤ
ﻟﺍ .
ﻛﻞ
ﺎﻤﺸ
ﻟﺄﻥﺍ
ﺍﺑﺸﺮﺆﺧ
ﻳﺖﻣ ﺮﺘﻲﺃﺟﻟﺎﺕﺍ
ﺍﺳﺭ
ﺪﻟﺔﻋﻦﺍﻣﺎ
ﺔﻋﻤﺤﻳﻢﻟﺪﻘﻟﻰﺗﺔﺇ
ﻗﺭﻮﻟ
ﻩﺍﺬﺪﻑﻫ ﻬ
ﺗﻭ
ﺔﻟﻸﻴ
ﻟﺼﺤﻛﻞﺍﺎﻤﺸ
ﻟﺎﺍﻤ
ﻴﻭﻻ ﺳ،ﺔﻴﻨ
ﺬﻫﻟ
ﺍﺔﻗﺎ
ﺎﻻﻋ
ﻴﻦﺑ
ﺑﺎ
ﻤﺼﻟﺎ ﺹﺍﺓﻟﻸﺷﺨﺩﺪﻤﺤ
ﻟﺔﺍ
ﻴﻟﺼﺤﺍ
ﺎ
ﻣﻮﻤ
ﺎﻥﻋ
ﻜﻠﺴﺔﻟﻴ
ﻟﺼﺤﻛﻞﺍ
ﺎﻤﺸﻟ
ﺎ
ﺔﺑﻧﺭ
ﺎﻘﻠﻲ،ﻣﻤﺤﻟ
ﻊﺍﻤﺘﻤﺠ
ﻟﺔﻓﻲﺍﻳ
ﻮﻬﻟ
ﺎ
ﻴﻦﺑ ﺑ
ﺎﻤﺼ
ﻟﺎ ﺹﺍﺃﺷﺨ .
ﻠﻰ
ﺍ ﺽﻋ
ﺮﻌﺘ
ﺍﺍﻻﺳﺬﺮﻫ
ﺘﺼﻘﻭﻥ،ﻳﺪ
ﺑﻊﻭ ﺩﻣ
ﺍﺮﻓﺔﻟﻸﻴ
ﻟﺼﺤﻛﻞﺍﺎ
ﻤﺸﻠ
ﺔﻟﻗﻮﺛ
ﻮﻤﻟ
ﺔﺍﻧ
ﺭﺎﻘ
ﻤﻠﺔﻟﻘ
ﻳﺮﻃ
ﺔ
ﻳﻮﻬﻢﻫ
ﻳﺪﻴﺲﻟ
ﻳﻦﻟ
ﺬﻟﺩﺍ
ﺍﺮﻓ
ﺔﻣﻦﺍﻷ
ﺒﻗﺍ
ﺮﺔﻣ
ﻮﻋﻤ
ﻡﻣﺠ
ﺍﺪﺘﺨ
ﺎﺳﺔﺑ
ﻧﺭﺎ
ﻘﻤﻟ
ﻮﺙﺍ
ﺒﺤﻟ
ﺰﺍﻛ
ﺮﻳﻭ .
ﻣﻲﻭﺎ
ﻴﻦﻋﺓﺑﺭ
ﻮﻨﺸﻤ
ﻟﺔ،ﺍ
ﻴﻟﻭ
ﺪﻟﺎﺕﺍﻴ
ﺑﺩﻠﻰﺍﻷ
ﺍ ﺽﻋﺮ
ﻌﺘﺰﺍﻻﺳﻴ
ﻛﺮ " "
ﺋﺞﺗ.
ﺎ
ﺘﻨ
ﻟﻮﺙ ﺍ ﺒﺤ
ﻟﻡﺍﺪﻘ
ﺗﻭ
ﺮﻉ
ﻠﺼﻠﻰﻟ
ﺭﺃﻋﺎ
ﺘﺸﻧ
ﺪﻻﺕﺍﻌﺔﻣ ﻳ
ﻮﻬﻟ
ﺔﺍﻗﺎ
ﻮﻥﺑﻄﻠ
ﻤﻳﻦﻳﺤﺬﻟ
ﺎ ﺹﺍﻴﻦﺍﻷﺷﺨﺮﺑ
ﺜﻛﺔﺍﻷ
ﻧﺭﺎ
ﻘﻤﻟ
،ﺍ
ﻟﺤﺲ،ﻭ
ﺍﻥﺍ
ﺪﻘﻓ
ﺪ،ﻭ
ﻠﻟﺠ
ﺍ ﺽﺍ
ﺮﻣﺃ
ﺭﻭﻮ
ﻜﺴﻟ(
ﺮﺍﺓ ﺧﻄ
ﺩﺎﻳ
ﺯ )
ﻭ
ﺔﺃﻣ
ﺎﺔﻋ
ﻔﺀﺑﺼ
ﺍﻮﺔ ،ﺳ
ﻴﻨﺔﺫﻫ
ﻗﺎﻬﻢﺇﻋ
ﻳﺪﻳﻦﻟ
ﺬﻟﺎ ﺹﺍ
ﺎﻷﺷﺨﺔﺑﺎﺻﺔﺧﻴﻟﺼﺤ
ﻛﻞﺍ
ﺎﻤﺸ
ﻟﻩﺍﺬ
ﻭﻫ
ﺔ
ﻴﻔﻳﺮ
ﻟﺎﻃﻖﺍ
ﻨﻤ
ﻟﻮﻥﻓﻲﺍ
ﻴﺸﻌﻳﻦﻳﺬﻟ
ﺍ
ﻮﺹﻟﺨﺼ
ﻪﺍﻠﻰﻭﺟﻠﻲﻋ
ﻤﺤﻟ
ﻊﺍﻤ
ﺘﻤﺠﻟ
ﺍﺰﻭ.
ﻛﺮ
ﺘﻲﺗ ﻟ
ﺎﺕﺍﺍﺳ
ﺭﺪﻟ
ﻴﻞﻣﻦﺍﻠ
ﺩﻗﺪ
ﻮﻯﻋﺪﺳﻮﺟﻭﻻﻳ
ﻜﻢ
ﺘﺤﻟ
ﺎﺍﻬ
ﻴﺘﻢﻓ
ﺘﻲﻳﻟ
ﺍ
ﺔﻭﻳﻮﻬ
ﻟﺔﺍ
ﻗﺎﻮﻥﺑﻄ
ﻠﻤﻳﻦﻳﺤﺬ
ﻟﺎ ﺹﺍ
ﺔﻓﻲﺍﻷﺷﺨﻴ
ﻟﺼﺤ
ﻛﻞﺍ
ﺎﻤﺸ
ﻟﻠﻰﺍ
ﻋ
ﺔ
ﻳﻮﻬ
ﻟﺔﺍ
ﻗﺎﻮﻥﺑﻄ
ﻠﻤﻳﻦﻻﻳﺤ ﺬﻟ
ﺩﺍ ﺍ
ﺮﻓﺔﺍﻷﻮﻋﻤﻤﻞﻣﺠ .
ﺗﺸ
ﺔﻭ ﻧ
ﺭﺎﻘ
ﻤﻟﺎﺕﺍﺍﺳ
ﺭﺪﻟ
ﻌﻈﻢﺍﺪﻣﻨﺘ
ﺗﺴﻭ
ﺪﻻﺕﻌ
ﻊﻣ ﺔﻣﻧ
ﺭﺎﻘ
ﻤﻟﻟﻰﺍ
ﺔﺇﻴﻨﺬﻫﻟ
ﺍ ﺔﻗ
ﺎﺎﻻﻋ
ﻴﻦﺑﺑ
ﺎﻤﺼﻟ
ﺎ ﺹﺍ
ﺔﻓﻲﺍﻷﺷﺨ ﻴﻟﺼﺤﻛﻞﺍﺎ
ﻤﺸﻟ
ﻋﻦﺍ
ﺎﻬﻨﻎﻋﻠﺒ
ﻤﻟ
ﺔﺍﻣﺎ
ﻌﻟ
ﺔﺍﻴﻟﺼﺤ
ﺔﺍﻴﺋﺎﻘﺼ
ﺘﺎﺕﺍﻻﺳﺍﺳ
ﺭﺪﻟ
ﺭﺍﺎ
ﺘﺸﻧ
ﺍ.
ﺔ/
ﺍﺳﺭ
ﺪﻟﺪﻑﻣﻦﺍ
ﻬﻟﺍ
ﻮﻝ
ﺔﺣ ﺜﻳ
ﺪﻟﺤﺍﺎﺕ
ﺍﺳﺭﺪ
ﻟﺍﻠﻰ
ﺔﻋ ﻣ
ﺎﺓﻋﺮﻳﻢﻧﻈ
ﺪﻘﻮﺗﺔﻫﺍﺳﺭ
ﺪﻟﺍﻩ
ﺬﺪﻑﻣﻦﻫ ﻬﻟ
ﺍ
،ﻭﻻﺔﻴﻨ
ﺔﺫﻫﻗﺎ
ﻮﻥﻣﻦﺇﻋﻧﺎ
ﻌﻳﻦﻳﺬﻟ
ﺍﺎﺹﻟﻸﺷﺨ ﺓ
ﺩﺪﻤﺤﻟ
ﺍﺔﻴﻟﺼﺤﺍﻜﻼﺕﻤﺸﻟ
ﺍ
ﺔﻓﻲﻴﻨ
ﺔﺫﻫﻗﺎ
ﻮﻥﻣﻦﺇﻋﻧﺎ
ﻌﻳﻦﻳﺬﻟ
ﺍﺎﺹﻟﻸﺷﺨ ﺔﻴ
ﻟﺼﺤﺍﻜﻼﺕ ﻤﺸ
ﻟﺍﺎ
ﻤﻴﺳ
.
ﺎﻥﻜﻟﺴﺍ
ﺔﻣﺎﻌ
ﺔﺑ
ًﻧﺭﺎ
ﻘ،ﻣﻊ
ﻤﺘﻤﺠﻟ
ﺍ
ﺎ ﺹﻻ
ﺍﺷﺨ
ﺔﻭﻴ
ﻨﺬﻫ
ﻟﺍﺔ
ﻗﺎﺍﻻﻋ
ﻭﻯﺎ ﺹﺫ
ﻣﺍﻻﺷﺨ
ﺔﻦ ﻨﻴ
ﻨﺔ/ﻋ
ﻴﻌﻟ
ﺍ
.
ﺔﻴﻨ
ﺬﻫﻟ
ﺍﺔﻗ
ﺎﻣﺍﻻﻋ
ﻮﻥ ﻦﻧ
ﺎﻌﻳ
ﺎﻥ
ﻴﺒ
ﺘﻣﺖ/ﺍﻻﺳ
ﺪﺘﺨ
ﺘﻰﺍﺳ
ﻟﺍﺕﺍ
ﻭﺩﺍ
ﺋﺞ/
ﺎﺘ
ﻨﻟ
ﺍ
ﺔﻧﺭ
ﺎﻘ،ﻢﻣ ﺗVanSc hroje
nst ei
nL antman- dev alke tal. (
2ﺔ)000 ﺍﺳﺭﻓﻰﺩ
ﻜﻼﺕ ﻤﺸ ﻟ
ﺍ ﺔﻌ
ﻴﺒﺩﻭﻃ ﺪﻴﺚﻋ ﺔﻣﻦﺣ ﻳﻮﺔﻫ ﻗﺎﻭﻥﺑﻄ ﺪﻊ48443ﺑ ﺍﻣً
ﺩﺮﻓ318
ﻭﺃﻠﺐﺘﻄ ﻭﻳﺃﻠﺐ ﺘﻄﺀﻳ"ﻱﺷﻲ ﺎﺃ ﻬﻧ
ﺃﻠﻰﺔﻋ ﻴﻟﺼﺤ ﺍﻜﻼﺕ ﻤﺸﻟﺍﻮﻥﻔﻟﺆﻤﻟ
ﺍﺮﻑّ ﻋ.
ﺔﻴﻟﺼﺤ ﺍ
ﺔﻴﺎﻫﻓﻠﻰﺭﺮﻋ ﻴ
ﺒﻜﻞﻛ ﺮﺑﺸ ﺛ
ﺆﺃﻥﻳ ﻜﻦﻤﻭﻳ ﺃﺮﺛﺃﺪﻗﺔﻭ ﻴﺔ ﺻﺤ ﻳﺎ
ﺓﺭﻋ ﺭﺍﺩ
ﻠﺐﺇ ﺘﻄﺪﻳﻗ
ﻡ ﺎ
ﻌﻟ
ﺍﻴﺐ ﺒﻟﻄﺍﺒﻞﺔﻣﻦﻗ ﻴﻟﺼﺤ ﺍﻛﻞﺎﻤﺸﻟﺍﻴﻞ ﻢﺗﺴﺠ.ﺗ "
ﺔ ﻴﻔ
ﺎﻃ ﻌﻟ
ﺍﻭﺃﺔﻳﺪﻟﺠﺴ ﺍﻟﺸﺨ ﺺ ﺍ
ﺓﺭ
ﺮﻜﺘﻭﻣ ﺃ
ﺮ) ﻬ
ﺃﺷ ﻮﻝﻣﻦ6 ﺃﻃﺎﻬﺗ
ﺪ (ﻣﺔﻨ
ﻣ ﺰ
،ﻭﻣﺀ)ﺃ ﺎﻔ
ﻟﺸ ﺍﻊﻗﻮﺘ(ﻻﻳ ﺔﻤﺋ
ﺍﻧﺖﺩ ﺎﺍﻛﺫﻘﻂﺇﻓ
ﺔﻴﻟﺼﺤﺍﻜﻼﺕ ﻤﺸﻟﺍﻊﻴ
ﻤ ﺰﺟﻴﻣﺮ ﻢﺗ
)ﺗ.ﺮﻬ
ﺃﺷ ﻮﻥ6 ﺓﻓﻲﻏﻀ ﺭﺮﻜﺘﺎﻻﺕﻣ ﺮﻣﻦﺛﻼﺙﺣ ﺜ
ﻛﺃ(
ﻳﻖﺮﺎﺕﻋﻦﻃ ﻴﺼ ﺘﺸﺨﻟﺍﺩﺪﺎﺏﻋ (ﻢﺣﺴ IﺗCPC ﺔ)ﻴﻟ
ﻭ ﺍﻷﺔ ﻳ
ﺎﺮﻋﻠﻟ
ﻟﻲ ﻭﺪﻟ
ﺍﻴﻒ ﻨﺘﺼﻠﻟﺎً
ﻘﻓ
ﻭ
ﺔﻌ
ﻴﺒﺎﺕﻓﻲﻃ ﻓﺧﻼﺍﻻﺘ ﺔﺍﺳﺭﻤﺖﺩ ﺗ .
ﻜﻞﺷﺨ ﺺ ﻟ ﺔ
ﻤﺨﺼﺼ ﻟﺍﻴﺺ ﺘﺸﺨ ﻟ
ﺍ ﺩﺍ
ﻮﻛﺃﺩﺪﻊﻋ ﻤﺟ
ﺎ
Iﺑ CPC. ﻡﺎﻮﻝﻓﻲﻧﻈ ﻔﺼﻟﺍﻠﻰﺀﻋًﺎ
ﻨ،ﺑﺀﺎﺍﻷﻋﻀ ﺓﺰﻬﺃﺟ ﻮﻯﺘﻠﻰﻣﺴ ﺔﻋ ﻴ
ﻟﺼﺤ ﺍﻛﻞ ﺎ
ﻤﺸﻟﺍ
ﻛﻞﺎ(ﻣﺸ ﺔﻴﻨ
ﺬﻫﻟﺍﺔﻗﺎ
ﺍﻹﻋ ﺎﺏﺒﺄﺳﺔﺑﻘﻠ
ﻌﺘﻤﻟ
ﺍ ﺔﻌﻗﻮﺘﻤﻟ
ﺍ ﺔﻴﻟﺼﺤﺍ ﻛﻞﺎﻤﺸﻟﺍﻟﻰﺔﺇﻓﺎﻹﺿ
ﺎﻻﺕﺎﻙﺣ ﻨ
،ﻫﻟﺤﺴﻲ) ﺍﻌﻒﻟﻀﺍﺮﻉﻭ ﻟﺼﺍ،ﺔﻴﻛﺮﻟﺤﺍﺔ ﻗ
ﺎﺍﻹﻋ ﺩ،
ﺑﻮﻻﺓﻟﺔﺎ ﻴﻄﻤﺤﻟﺍﺓﺮﺘﻔ
ﻟﺍ
ﻷﻞ
ﺍﻛ ﺍﺕ ﺩ
ﺎ،ﻋ ﺔﻛﺮﻟﺤﺍﻌﻒ،ﻭﺿ ﻳﻦﺮﻤﺘ
ﻟﺍﺔﻠﺜﻞﻗ،ﻣ ﺔ
ﻴﺭﺟ ﺎﻟﺨﺍﻭﻑ ﺮﻟﻈﺎ
ﺎﺑﺎً
ﻃ ﺒﺗ
ﺭﺍ ﺮ
ﺜﻛﺃ
ﻳﻦﺬﻟﺍﺎﺹ ﺍﻷﺷﺨ ﻴﻦﻊﺑ ﻔ
ﺗﺮﺭﻣﺎﺘﺸﻧﺍﺪﻝﻌﺮﻣ ﻬﺎﺗﻈﻳً
ﻀ ﺃ،ﺔ ﻳ
ﻭﺩﺍﻷ ﻡﺍ
ﺪﺘﺨ ﺍﺳﺔﻭ ﺌ
ﻴﻟﺴﺍ
ﻠﻖﻌﺘ
ﺗ .
ﺔﻴﻨﺔﺫﻫ ﻗﺎ
ﻮﻥﻣﻦﺇﻋ ﻧﺎﻌﻳﻦﻻﻳ ﺬﻟ
ﺍ ﺎﺹ ﺎﻷﺷﺨﺔﺑ ﻧﺭﺎ
ﻘﺔﻣ ﻴﻨ
ﺔﺫﻫ ﻗﺎﻮﻥﻣﻦﺇﻋ ﻧ
ﺎﻌﻳ
.
ﺮﻴﺍﺳﻮﺒﻟﺍ
ﺭﻭﻮﻜﺴ ﻟﺍ
ﺔﻭ ﻨ
ﻤﻟﺴﺍﺪﻭﻠﻟﺠﺍﻛﻞﺎﻤﺸ،ﺑﺮﻯ ﺃﺧ ﺭﻮﻣﺃﻴﻦ،ﻣﻦﺑ ﺎﻻﺕﻟﺤﺍ ﻩ
ﺬﻫ
ﺪA ﺒ
ﻜﻟ
ﺍ ﺎﺏﻬﺘ
ﻟﺍﺪﺓﺿ ﺩﺎﻤﻀﻟﺍﻡﺎﺍﻷﺟﺴ ﺭﺎ
ﺘﺸ ﻧ
ﺍﻟﻰﻓﺤ ﺺ ﺪﻑﺇ ﻬﻳ
) (1
999 .ﻭﻥﺮﺁﺧ
ﻭ
ﻴﻞﺟ
ﺔﻧﺭﺎ
ﻘﺔﻣ ﻴﻨ
ﺔﺫﻫﻗﺎﺈﻋﻴﻦﺑﺑﺎ
ﻤﺼ ﻟ
ﺍ ﻴﻦﻴﺆﺳﺴ ﻤ
ﻟﺍﺎﺹ ﻣﺍﻷﺷﺨ
ﺔﻦ ﻮﻋ ﻤ
ﻓﻲﻣﺠ (anti-)HAV
ﺔﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺭﺪﻟ
ﺍﻊﻤﺘﻟﻒﻣﺠ ﺄ
ﺘﻳ
.ﺔ
ﻴﻨﺔﺫﻫ ﻗﺎ
ﻮﻥﻣﻦﺇﻋ ﻧﺎ
ﻌﻳﻦﻻﻳ ﺬﻟ
ﺍﻴﻦ ﻴ
ﺆﺳﺴ ﻤﻟﺍﺎﺹﺎﻷﺷﺨﺑ
ﺭﺎ
ﻴﺘﺍﺧ ﻢ
.ﺗﺎ
ً
ﻣ ﺎ
1ﻭ30ﻋ ﻴﻦ0 ﺭﻫﻢﺑﺎﻤﺃﻋ ﻭﺡﺍ
ﺮﺘ
ﺔﺗﻴﻨﺔﺫﻫﻗﺎﻮﻥﻣﻦﺇﻋ ﻧﺎ
ﻌﺍﻳً
ﺩﺮﻓ
157
ﺔﻮﻋﻤﻤﺠﺔﻛ ﻳ
ﺮﻤ ﻌﻟ
ﺍﺔﺌ
ﻔﻟﺍﻔﺲ ﻓﻲﻧ ﻴﻦ)ﻓﻮﻔﻜﻤ
ﻟﺍ(
ﺔﻳﻮﻭﻥﻫ ﺪﺩﺑﺍﺮ
ﻓﻣﺍﻷﺔﻦ ﻮﻋﻤﻣﺠ
ﺪﻳﺪﺘﺤﻟﻊﺒﺍﻹﺻﺰﻮﺧ ﻡﻣﻦﻛﻞﺷﺨ ﺺﺑ ﺪﻟﺍﺍﺕﻣﻦ ﺮ
ﻊﻗﻄ ﺑﺭﺃ
ﻠﻰﻮﻝﻋ ﻟﺤﺼ ﺍ ﻢ
.ﺗﺔﻴﻌ
ﺮﺟﻣ
ﻡﺎﺍﻷﺟﺴ ﺭﺎ
ﺘﺸﻧﺍﺪﻝﻌ ﺎﻓﻲﻣ ﻮً
ﻇ ﻠﺤﺎﻣ ﺎً
ﻋﻔﺗﺭ
ﺍ ﺋﺞﺎ
ﺘﻨ
ﻟﺍﺮﺕﻬﺃﻇHAV. ـ
ﺓﻝ ﺩﺎ
ﻤﻀ ﻟﺍﻡ
ﺎﺍﻷﺟﺴ
ﺔ
ﻴﻨﺔﺫﻫﻗﺎﻮﻥﻣﻦﺇﻋ ﻧﺎﻌﻳﻦﻳﺬﻟ
ﺍﺎﺹ ﺍﻷﺷﺨ ﺋﻲAﻓﻲ ﺎﺑ
ﻮﻟ
ﺍ ﺪﺒ
ﻜﻟﺍﺎﺏﻬﺘﻟ
ﺍﻭﺱ ﺮ
ﻴﻔﻟﺓﺩﺎ
ﻤﻀﻟﺍ
).
(٪22ﺮﻑ ﻌﻭﻥﻣﺪﺔﺑﺑﻄﺎﻟﻀﺍﺔﻮﻋﻤﻤﺠﻟ
ﺎﺔﺑﻧﺭﺎ
ﻘﻣ)٪(
54
ﺔ
ﻴﻔﺴ
ﻨﻟ
ﺍﺔﻟﺼﺤ
ﺍﺎﺕ
ﺑﺍ
ﺮﺍﺿﻄﺭ
ﺎﺘﺸ
ﻧﺍﺪﻯﺪﻣﻳﺪﺍﺟﻞﺗﺤ
.ﻣﻦ1
ﻭﻥ999ﺮﺍﺧ
ﺎﻭﻨ
ﻴﻟﺔ
ﺍﺳﺭ
ﺩ
ﺎﻝﻷﻔ
ﺎﻃﺔﺑﻧ
ﺭﺎ
ﻘﺎﺕﻣ
ﻓﺮﻌ
ﻮﻥﻣﻦﻣﻧ
ﺎﻌﻳﻦﻳ
ﺬﻟﺍ
ﺍﺕ ﻮﻨ
ﺮ8ﺳﻤﻌ
ﻟﺍﻴﻦﻣﻦ
ﻐﻟ
ﺎﺒ
ﻟﺍ
ﺎﻝﻷﻔ
ﺍﻃ ﻴﻦﺑ
ﺎﻻﺕ
`ﺣ`ﺎ
ﻬﻧ
ﺃﻠﻰﺔﻋ
ﻴﻔﺴ
ﻨﻟ
ﺍﺎﺕﺑ
ﺍﺮ
ﺍﻻﺿﻄﻮﻥﻔﻟ
ﺆﻤﻟ
ﺍﺮﻑ
ّ ﻋ
.
ﺮﻤﻌﻟ
ﺍﻔﺲﻴﻦﻣﻦﻧﻗﻮ
ﻌﻤﻟ
ﺍﺮﻴ
ﻏ
ﺎٍ
ﻑ ﻜﻞﻛﺎﺑﺸ
ﺍﺿً
ﺤ ﻮﻥﻭ
ﻜﺎﺕﻳﻗ
ﻌﻼﻟﺍ
ﻭﺃﺍﻃﻒﻮﻌ
ﻟﺍﻭﺃﻮﻙ
ﻠﻟﺴ
ﺍﺫﻓﻲﻭﺬ
ﺎﺷ ﻬ
ﻴﺎﻥﻓ
ﻛ
ﻟﻰﺩﻱﺇﺆ/ﻭﻳﺔﻭ ﺃ ﻴ
ﺎﻋﻤﺘ
ﺍﻻﺟ ﻪ
ﻔﺋﺎﻔﻞﻓﻲﻭﻇ ﻟﻄﺍ
ﺔ ﻗ
ﺎﻔﻲﻹﻋ ﻜﺎﻳﻤ
ﻮﻝﺑ ﻣﻄﻭ
،ﻭﻫﻲ ﺔﺍﺳﺭﺪ
ﻟﺍﺔﻮﻋﻤﻣﺠ .
ﻊ"ﻤﺘﻤﺠﻟﺍﻭﺃ
.ﺓﺮﺍﻷﺳﺍﺏﻓﻲ ﺮﺃﺍﻻﺿﻄﻴﻖﻭ ﻟﻀﺍ
ﻳﺐﻭ ﺭﺪﺘ
ﻟﺍﺭﺱ ﺍ
ﺪﻃﻼًﻣﻦﻣ ﻮﻥﻣﻦ 90ﻔ ﻜﺘﺗ،ﻭً
ﺎﻴﻨ
ﻴﻦﺫﻫ ﻗ
ﻮﻌ ﻤ
ﻟﺍﺔﻋﻮﻤﻣﺠ
ﺍﺔﺍﺳﺭﻤﺖﺩ ﺗ
.
ﺎﻳﺮﻜ
ﺎﻕﻓ ﻌﺮﻣﻴ(ﻏ
n=5 71
ﺎﻝ)4ﻷﻔ
ﺍﻃ ﺔﻴﻘﺑ
.
ﺩﻱﺎ
ﻌﻟﺍﺮﻴ
ﻴﻢﻏ ﻠﻌﺘ
ﻟﺍ
ﺎﻣﻦﺆﻫ ﻠ
ﺎﺕﻳﺠﺐﻣ ﻧ
ﺎﻴﺒ
ﺘﺍﺳ [
ﺍﺕﻓﺤ ﺺ ﻭ
ﺩﺃﺔﺛﻳﻖﺛﻼ ﺮﺔﻋﻦﻃ ﻴﻔﺴﻨﻟ
ﺍ ﺍﺽﺮﻷﻋ
ﺮﺗ
ﻭ ﺎﻥﺭﻴ
ﺒﺘﺍﺳ(ﻴﻦﻤﻠ
ﻌﻤﻟﺍ
،ﻭ
RA2ﺃ )،ﻳﻦﺪﻟ
ﺍﻮﻠ
ﻟ ﺮ
ﺗﻭﺎﻥﺭﻴﺒ
ﺘﺍﺳ(ﻳﻦﺪﻟﺍ
ﻮﻟ
ﺍﺒﻞﻗ
ﺮﻬ
ﺗﻈ
)].
ﺋﻲﺎ
ﻨﻟﺠﺍﺒﺤﺚﺓﺍ
ﻟ ﺭﺍ
ﺩﺎ،ﺇ
ﻷﻔﻝﺍﻃ ﺎﺏﺌ
ﺘﻛﺍﺩﺮﺎ(ﺟ
ﻷﻔﻝﺃﺍ ﻃ
RB2ﻭ )،ﻠﻢ
ﻌﻤﻠﻟ
ﺎﻝﻷﻔ
ﺍﻃﻴﻦﺔﺑﻴﻔ
ﺎﻃﻌﻟﺍ
ﺔ/ ﻴ
ﻛﻮﻠ
ﻟﺴﺍﺎﺕﺑﺍ
ﺮﻣﺍﻻﺿﻄﺮﻦ ﻴﺜ
ﻜﻠﻰﺑﺃﻋﺔﺒﺔﻧﺴﺍﺳ
ﺭﺪﻟﺍﺋﺞﺎﺘ
ﻧ
ﺘﻲﻟﺍﺎﺕ
ﻧﺎ
ﻴﺒﺘ
ﻟﻼﺳﺎً
ﻘﻓﻴﻦﻭﻗﺎ
ﻌﻤﻟ
ﺍﺮﻴﺎﻝﻏﻷﻔ
ﺎﻃ ﺔﺑﻧ
ﺭﺎ
ﻘﺔﻣﻴﻨ
ﺔﺫﻫ ﻗ
ﺎﻮﻥﻣﻦﺇﻋﻧﺎﻌﻳﻦﻳﺬﻟ
ﺍ
.
ﺑﻞﺎﻘ
٪34.ﻣ٪1ﻭ90.ﺑﻞ8ﺎ
ﻘ٪32ﻣ.2
، ﻟﻲ
ﺍﻮ
ﺘﻟﺍﻠﻰ،ﻋﻴﻦﻤ
ﻠﻌﻤ
ﻟﺍ
ﻵﺀﻭﺎ
ﺍﺑ ﺒﻞﺎﻣﻦﻗﺆﻫﻠﺗﻢﻣ
ﺔﻗﺎ
ﺈﻋﻴﻦﺑ
ﺑﺎ
ﻤﺼﻟﺍﺎﻝ
ﻷﻔ
ﺍﻃ ﻴﻦ
ﺑﻲﺑﺎﺌ
ﺘﻛﺍﻻﺍﺏﺮﺍﻻﺿﻄ ﺓ
ﺮﻴﺗ
ﺧﻼﻑﻓﻲﻭ ﺍﻻﺘ ﻜﻦﻟﻢﻳ .
٪1
3.5
.ﺍً
ﺮ
ﻴﺒ،ﻛﺋﻲﺎ
ﻨﻟﺠ
ﺍ ﺒﺤﺚﻟ
ﺍ ﺓ
ﺭﺍﺩ
ﻳﻖﺇﺮﻪﻋﻦﻃ ﺎﺳﻴﺬﻱﺗﻢﻗﻟ
ﺍ،ﻭ ﺔ
ﻴﻨﺫﻫ
ﺍ
ً
ﺩﺮ2ﻓﺔﻣﻦ9 ﻮﻋﻤ1ﻓﻲﻣﺠ 999Ri c
hdal eeﻮﻙtal ﻠ
ﻟﺴﺍ
ﻡﻭ ﻮﻨﻟ
ﺎﻠﻖﺑﻌﺘﺔﺗﺍﺳﺭﺮﺩﻳﺮﻘ
ﺗ
ﺔ
ﻧﺭﺎﻘ
،ﻣ ﺎً
ﻣ
ﺎﻟﻰ46ﻋ ﺮﺇﻬﺃﺷ ﺭﻫﻢﻣﻦ6 ﺎﻤ
ﺃﻋ ﻭﺡﺍﺮﺘ
،ﺗ((ﻠﻲPWS ﻳ
ﺭﻭ ﺩﺍ
ﺮﺔﺑﻣ ﺯﺘﻼﻤﺎﺑً
ﺑ
ﺎﻣﺼ
ﻳﺦﺭﺎﺗ
ﻨﺲﻭ ﻟﺠﺍﻮﻝﺎﺕﺣ ﻣﻮﻠﻌﻤ
ﻟﺍﻧﺐﺎﻟﻰﺟ ﺇ
.
ﻨﺲ ﻟﺠﺍﺮﻭﻤﻌ
ﻠﻟﺔﻘﺑ
ﺎﺔﻣﻄ ﺑﻄﺎﺔﺿ ﻮﻋ ﻤ
ﻤﺠﺑ
ﺔ ﻴ
ﻟﺎ
ﻟﺤ ﺍ
ﺔﻴ ﺒ
ﻟﻄﺍﺔﻟ
ﺎﻟﺤﺍ
ﻡﻭ ﻮﻨﻟ
ﺍﺔﻓﺮﺔﻏﻛﺭﺎﻣﺸﺩﻭ ﻴﻼﻤﻟ
ﺍﻴﺐﺗﺮﺗ
ﺯﻥﻭ ﻮﻟ
ﺍﻮﻝﻭ ﻟﻄ ﺍ
ﺩﻭﻴﻼﻤﻟﺍ
ﺎﺿﻲﻭ ﻤ
ﻟﺍﻡﻓﻲ ﻮﻨ
ﻟﺍﻮﻙﻠﻮﻝﺳ ﺮﺣ ﺎﺻﻨﺎﻙﻋﻨﻧﺖﻫ ﺎ
،ﻛ ﺔﻳ
ﻭﺩﺍﻷﻳﺦﺭﺎﺗ
ﺔﻭ ﻳﻮﻬﻟﺍﻮﻯﺘﻣﺴﻭ
ﺎﺱﻌﻨﻟ
ﺍﻭﺮ)ﻴﻟﺸﺨﺍﺭﻭﺎﻬﻨ
ﻟﺍﺀﺎ
ﻨﺛﺃﺎﺱﻌﻨﻟ
ﺍﻟﻼًﻭ ﺎﻅﻴ ﻘﻴ
ﺘﺍﻻﺳﻡﻭ ﻮﻨ
ﻟﺍﻛﻞ ﺎ
(ﻣﺸ ﺮﺎﺿﻟﺤﺍ
ﺩﺍ
ﺮﻓﺃﺍﻷ
ﻮﻥ ﻥ ﻔﻟ
ﺆﻤﻟﺍﺘﺞﻨﺘ
ﺍﺳ .
ﺭﺍﺪﻟﺨ
ﺍﻡﻭ ﻮﻨ
ﻟﺍﺀﺎ
ﻨﺛﺃﻔﺲ ﻨ
ﺘﻟ
ﺍﻗﻒ ﻮﺗ
ﺭﻭ ﺎ
ﻬﻨﻟﺍﺀﺎﻨ
ﺛﺃﺮﻁ ﻔ
ﻤﻟﺍ
ﻣﺍﻷ
ﺮﻦ ﺜ
ﻛ ﺃﺭ
ﺮﻜﺘﻜﻞﻣ ﻡﺑﺸ ﻮ
ﻨﻟ
ﺍ ﻛﻞﻓﻲ ﺎ
ﺍﻣﻦﻣﺸ ﻮ
ﻧﺎﻠﻲﻋﻳﻭ-
ﺭﺩﺍﺮﺔﺑﻣﺯﺘﻼﻤﻴﻦﺑ ﺑ
ﺎﻤﺼﻟﺍ
ﺔﻨﻴ
ﻌﻟﺍﺃﻥﺣﺠﻢ ﻟﻰﺓﺇﺭﺎ
ﺍﻹﺷ ﺭﺪﺗﺠﻭ
.
ﻠﻲ ﻳ
ﺭﻭ ﺩﺍ
ﺮﺔﺑﻣﺯﻣﻼ
ﻮﻥﻣﻦ ﺘ ﻧﺎﻌ
ﻳﻦﻻﻳ ﺬﻟﺍﺎﺹﺷﺨ
ﻊﻴﻤﻠﻰﺟ ﺔﻋ ﺍﺳﺭ
ﺪﻟﺍﺋﺞﺎﺘ
ﻴﻢﻧﻤﻌﺍﻣﻦﺗﺬ ﺪﻫ ﺪﻳﺤ.ﻗﺎ
ﺎﻣﻮً
ﻋ ﺮﻧﻴﻐﺔﺻ ﻴﻟ
ﺎﻟﺤﺍﺔ ﺍﺳﺭﺪ
ﻟﺍﻓﻲ
،
ﻟﻚﻊﺫ ﻣﻭ .
ﻠﻲﻳﺭﻭﺩﺍ
ﺮﺔﺑﻣﺯﺘﻼﻤﻴﻦﺑﺑﺎﻤﺼ ﻟ
ﺍﺎﻥﻜﻟﺴﺍ
ﺎﻓﻲﻳً
ﻀ ﺮ1ﻣ7
ﻠﻰ0 ﺔﻋ ﻴ
ﺗﻮﻟﺼﺍﻮﻕﺎﺕﻓﻮﺟﻤﻟ
ﺎ
ﺎﺕﺑﺎﺳﻴﺀﻗ ﺍ
ﺮﺇﺟ(
1998)
.ﻭﻥﺮﺁﺧﻭ
ﺮﻱﺒ
ﺃﺳ
ﻡﻭﺎ
ﻌﻈﻟﺍﺔﻓﺎ
ﺜﻴﻢﻛﻴﻘ
ﺃﺟﻞﺗ ،ﻣﻦﺔﻴﻨ
ﺬﻫﻟ
ﺍﺔﻗﺎ
ﺍﻹﻋ ﻭﻱﻴﻦﻣﻦﺫ ﻐﻟ
ﺎﺒ
ﻠﻟﺮ
ﻴﺒﻔﻰﻛﺘﺸﻣﺴ
ﺎﺕﻮﺟﻤﻟ
ﺍﻴﻦﻮﻫﺃﻱﺗ[ﺔﻴ
ﺗﻮﻟﺼﺍﻮﻕﺎﺕﻓﻮﺟﻤﻟ
ﺍﺎﺕﺎﺳﻴﺀﻗﺍﺮ
ﻢﺇﺟ.ﺗ
ﺔﻳﺭﺎ
ﻤﻌﻤﻟ
ﺍﺔﺪﺳﻨﻬ
ﻟﺍ
ﺭ
ﻮﻛﺬﻟ
ﺍ5ﻣﻦﺎﻓﻲ0 ﻳً
ﻀ ﺃ
()VOSﻮﺕ] ﻟﺼ
ﺍﺔﺮﻋ(ﻭﺳﺎﻕ)BUA ﻨﻄﻟ
ﺍﻳﺾ ﺮﺔﻋﻴﺗﻮ
ﻟﺼﺍﻮﻕﻓ
ﺮﺿﻰ ﻊﻣﻬﻢﻣﺘﻘﺑ
ﺎﻤﺖﻣﻄ ﻳﻦﺗﺬﻟ
ﺍ
،ﻭ ﺔ
ﻳﻮﺔﻫﻗﺎﻬﻢﺑﻄﻳﺪﻟﻴﺲ ﻟ
ﻤﻦﺎﺙﻣ ﻧ
ﻣﺍﻹ
5ﻦ ﻭ8
ﺮﺿﻰﻤﻟ
ﺍﺔﻣﻦﻘﺑ
ﺎﺘﻄ
ﻤﻟﺍ
ﺍﺝﻭﺯﻟﻸﺮ
ﻤﻌﻟ
ﺍ
ﻮﺳﻂﺘﺎﻥﻣﻛ
.
ﻨﺲ ﻟﺠﺍ
ﺮﻭﻤ
ﻌﻟﺍﻴﺚﻔﻰﻣﻦﺣ ﺘﺸﻤﺴﻟ
ﺍ
ﺮ
ﻬﺗﻈُ
.
ﺀﺎ
ﻨﺴﻠ
ﻟ(2
7-82ﺎ)
ً
ﻣﺎ5ﻋﺎﻝﻭ3ﺮﺟ
ﻠﻟ(
32-ﺎ)83ً
ﻣ
ﺎ5ﻋﺔ4 ﺑﻄ
ﺎﻟﻀﺍﺎﺕ
ﻮﻋﻮﺿﻤﻟ
ﺍﻭ
ﺎﺽ
ﻔﻧﺨﺍﻬﻢﻳ
ﺪﻟﺔﻴ
ﻳﻒﺷﺨﺼ ﺮﻌ
ﺔﺗﻗﺎ
ﻬﻢﺑﻄ
ﻳﺪﻟﻳﻦﺬﻟ
ﺍﻔﻰﺘﺸﻤﺴﻟ
ﺎﻴﻦﺑﻤﻴ
ﻘﻤﻟ
ﺍﺃﻥﺔﺍﺳ
ﺭﺪﻟ
ﺍ
ﺔﻘﺑ
ﺎﻤﻄﻟﺍ
ﻜﻢﺘﺤ ﻟ
ﺍﺮﺎﺻﻨﻌ
ﺔﺑًﻧ
ﺭﺎ
ﻘ،ﻣﻌﺐﻜ ﻟ
ﺍﺪﻨ
ﺎﺕBUAﻭVOSﻋ ﺎﺳﻴ
ﻮﻅﻓﻲﻗ ﻠﺤﻣ
ﺮﺿﻰﺔﻓﻲﻣﻔﻀﻨﺨ
ﻤﻟ
ﺍﻴﻢBUAﻭVOSﺮﻗ ﻴ
،ﺗﺸﻴﻦﻔﻟ
ﺆﻤﻠ
ﻟﺎ
ً
ﻘﻓﻭ
.
ﺮﻤﻌ
ﻠﻟ
ﻮﻥﻓﻲ
ﻧﻮﻜ
ﺪﻳﺩﻗ
ﺍﺮﻓ
ﺍﻷﺀﻫﻻ
ﺃﻥ ﺆ
ﻟﻰﺔﺇ
ﻳﻮﺔﻫ
ﻗﺎﻬﻢﺑﻄﻳ
ﺪﻟﻳﻦﺬﻟ
ﺍﻔﻰﺘﺸﻤﺴ
ﻟﺍ
.
ﺭﻮﻜﺴﻟ
ﺎﺔﺑ
ﺑﺎﻟﻺﺻﺪﻳ
ﺍﺰ
ﺘﺮﻣﺧﻄ
ﻳﻦﺬﻟ
ﺍﺩﺍ
ﺮﻓﺍﻷﺎﻥ
ﺍﻛﺫ
ﺎﺇﺪﻣﻳ
ﺪﺗﺤ(
1997
) .
ﻭﻥﺮ
ﺁﺧﻭ
ﻮﺕﻣﺮ
ﻳﺪﻛ
ﺎﻣ
،ﺔﻴ
ﻌﻘﻄﺔﻣﺍﺳ
ﺭﻓﻲﺩ
،
ﺓﺭﺎ
ﺘﺔﻣﺨ ﻨ
ﻣﺰﺍ ﺽﻣ
ﺮﻣﺄ
ﺔﺑﺑ
ﺎﻟﻺﺻﺪﻳ
ﺍﺰﺘ
ﺮﻣﻟﺨﻄﻴﻦ
ﺮﺿﻌﺔﻣﻴﻨ
ﺔﺫﻫﻗﺎ
ﻮﻥﻣﻦﺇﻋﻧ
ﺎﻌ
ﻳ
ﺣﺔ366
ﻟ
ﻳﺦ ﺎﺭﺎ
ﻮﻥﺗﻔﻟﺆ
ﻤﻟﺍ
ﻠﻞ،ﺣﺔ ﻳ
ﺎﻐﻟ
ﺍﻩﺬﻬﻟ
ﺎﻘﻴﻘ
ﺗﺤ
.
ﺔﻳﻮﺔﻫﻗﺎ
ﻬﻢﺑﻄﻳﺪﻟﻴﺲﻟ
ﻳﻦ ﺬﻟ
ﺍﺩﺍ
ﺮﻓﺎﻷﺔﺑﻧﺭ
ﺎﻘﻣ
ﻢ
.ﺗ
ﺎً
ﻣﺎ
1ﻭ64ﻋ ﻴﻦ9ﺭﻫﻢﺑ
ﺎﻤﺃﻋﻭﺡﺍﺮﺘ
،ﺗﺔﻳﻮﺔﻫﻗ
ﺎﻭﻥﺑﻄﺪﺍﺑ
ً
ﺩﺮ1ﻓ
17ﺔﻭ3ﻳﻮﻬﻟ
ﺍﺔﻗﺎ
ﻊﺑﻄ ﺍﻣً
ﺩﺮﻓ
ﺍﻷﺎﺕﻟﻼﺣﻈ
ﺔﻤ ﻳ
ﺩﺮﻔﻟ
ﺍﺔﻌﺍﺟ
ﺮﻤﻟ
ﺍﺔﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺭ
ﺪﻟﺍﺩﻓﻲﺍ
ﺮﻓﻟﻸ"
ﺔﻨﻣ
ﺰﻤﻟ
ﺍﺔﻟﺎ
ﻟﺤﺍ
ﻴ ﺺ"ﻠﻰﺗﺸﺨﻮﻝﻋ ﻟﺤﺼﺍ
ﻠﻰ
ﺃﻋ ﺎ
ً
ﺒﺔﻧﺴﺍﺳﺭﺪﻟﺍﺔﻮﻋﻤ
ﺮﺕﻣﺠ ﻬﺃﻇ
.ﺔ
ﺒﻮﺳﻤﺤﻟ
ﺍﺔﻴﺒ
ﻟﻄﺍﻟﺴﺠﻼﺕﺍﻛﻞﻓﻲﺎﻤﺸﻟ
ﺍﺋﻢﺍﻮ
ﻗ ﺀﻭﺎﺒ
ﻃ
ﺎﻻﺕﻟﺤ
ﺍ،ﻭﺎﺕﺑﻮﻨ
ﻟﺍ
I(D ﺮﺽﻤﺔﺑﺒﻄﺗ
ﺮﺎﻣﻬ
ﻧﺄ
ﺔﺑﻓﻭ
ﺮﻌﻤﻟ
ﺍﺎﻻﺕﻟﺤﺍ
ﻮﻅﻣﻦ ﻠﺤﻜﻞﻣ ﺑﺸ
ﺔ)
ﻴﻗﺭﺪﻟ
ﺍﺓﺪﻐ
ﻟﺍﺭ
ﻮﻗﺼ ،ﻭﺀﺎ
ﻤﻟﺼﺍﺩ
ﺪﻐﻟﺍ
ﺎﺕﺑﺍ
ﺮﺍﺿﻄ،ﻭﻟﺤﺴﻲﺍﻌﻒ ﻟﻀ
ﺍ،ﻭﺔ ﻴ
ﺒﻌﺼ ﻟ
ﺍ
ﻣﻞﺎ
ﻮﻋﻨﺲﻫ ﻟﺠﺍﺍﻷﻥً
ﺮﻧﻈ
.
ﺔﻨﻣﺰ
ﻤﻟﺍ
ﺔﻳﺪﻠ
ﻟﺠﺍﺍﺽﺮﻣﺍﻷ
:ﺔﺒﻄﺗ
ﺮﺮﻣﻴﺓﻏﺪﺍﺣﺔﻭﻗﺎﺇﻋﻭ
ﺭﻓﻲﻛﻮﻛﺬ
ﻟﺍﺔﺒ
ﻮﻥﻧﺴ ﻔ
ﻟﺆﻤ
ﻟﺍﺑﻖ
ﺎﺪﻃﻘ،ﻓﺔﻨﻣﺰ
ﻤﻟﺍ
ﺍﺽﺮﻣﺎﻷﺔﺑﺑ
ﺎﻟﻺﺻﻬﻢﺮﻱﻣﻳﺮﺮﺳ ﺧﻄ
.ﻴﻦ
ﺘﻮﻋﻤﻤﺠﻟﺍﻼ
ﺔ ﻧ
ﺭﺎ
ﻘﺃﺟﻞﻣﺪﻣﻦ ﺍﻫ
ﻮﻟﺸﺍﺎﻻﺕﻭﻟﺤﺍﻮﺏﻠﺃﺳﻡﺪﺘﺨﺍﺳ)
(1
996 .
ﻭﻥ ﺮ
ﺁﺧﻭ
ﺪﻠﻴ
ﻔ ﺘ
ﻳﻭ
ﻣﺍﻷ
7ﻦ ـ8
ﺔﻝ ﻣ
ﺪﻘﻤﻟ
ﺍﺔﻳﺎ
ﺮﻋﻟﺎ
ﺔﺑﻴﻨ
ﺬﻫﻟ
ﺍﺔ ﻗ
ﺎﺍﻹﻋﻭﻱﺎﻣﻦﺫ 7ﺷﺨً
ﺼ ـ8ﺔﻝ ﻣﺪﻘﻤﻟ
ﺍﺔﻳ
ﺎﺮﻋﻟﺍ
ﺭﺱﺎﻤﻤ
ﻟﺍﺔﺭﺳﺎ
ﻤﻔﺲﻣ ﻨﺲﻓﻲﻧ ﻟﺠﺍ
ﺮﻭﻤﻌﻟ
ﺍﻊﻮﻥﻣ ﻘ
ﺑﺎ
ﺘﻄ ﻳﻦﻳﺬﻟ
ﺍﺎﺹ ﺷﺨ
ﺮﺿﻰ)ﻤﻟ
ﺍ(ﻳﺾﺮﻤﻟﺍ
ﻴﻞﺎﺻ ﻔ
ﻠﻰﺗﻮﻝﻋ ﻟﺤﺼﺍ،ﻢ
ﻨﻈﻢﺗ ﺎﻥﻣﻴﺒ
ﺘﺍﺳﻡ ﺍ
ﺪﺘﺨﺎﺳﺑ
.
ﻡ ﺎ
ﻌﻟﺍ
ﺮﻯﺃﺧﺭﻮﻣ
ﺃﻴﻦ(ﻣﻦﺑﻜﻢﺘﺤﻟﺍﺮﺎﺻ
ﻨﻠﻢﻭﻋﻌﺘﻟ
ﺍﺎﺕﺑﻮﻌ
ﻮﻥﻣﻦ ﺻ ﻧ
ﺎﻌﻳﻦﻳ ﺬ
ﻟﺍﻳﻦﺭ
ﺎﺘﻤﺨﻟﺍ
ﻳﻦﺬﻟ
ﺍﺎﺹﺃﺍﻷﺷﺨﺔﻥ ﺍﺳﺭﺪﻟ
ﺍﺋﺞ
ﺎﺘﺮﻧﻬﺗﻈ
.
ﻡﺎﻌﻟ
ﺍﻴﺐ ﺒ
ﻟﻄﺍ
)ﻦﺔﻣﻴﺒﻟﻄﺍﺔﻳﺎ
ﺮﻋﻟ
ﺍﻮﻝ ﺣ
ﺍﺽ ﺮ
ﻣﺎﻥﻷﻴﻣﺍﻷﺣ
ﺮﻦ ﻴﺜﻡﻓﻲﻛﺎﻌﻟﺍ
ﻬﻢ ﺒ
ﻴﺒ
ﻭﻥﻃ ﺮﻴﺘﺸﺔﻳﺴﻴﻨ
ﺔﺫﻫ ﻗﺎ
ﻮﻥﻣﻦﺇﻋ ﻧﺎﻌ
ﻳ
.ﺑﻂﺍ
ﻮﻟﻀﺍﺮﻣﻦﺜﻛﺃﺪﻠ
ﻟﺠﺍﻭ
ﻟﺐ) ﺎ
ﻐﻟ
ﺍﺮﻉﻓﻲ ﻟﺼﺍ(
ﺰﻱﻛﺮﻤﻟ
ﺍ ﺒﻲﻌﺼﻟ
ﺍﺯﺎﻬﻟﺠﺍ
ﺔ
ﻗﺎﻮﻥﻣﻦﺇﻋﻧ
ﺎﻌﻳﻦﻻﻳﺬﻟﺍ
ﺎﺹ ﺍﻷﺷﺨﻠﻰﻳﺖﻋ ﺮ
ﺃﺟ ﺘﻲﻟ
ﺍﺔﻧﺭﺎ
ﻘﻤﻟ
ﺍ ﺎﺕﺍﺳ
ﺭﺪﻟ
ﺍﻌﻈﻢﻣ
ﺮﻉﻠﺼﻟﺔﻗﻀﺎ
ﻨﺘﺭﻣﺎ
ﺘﺸﻧﺍﺪﻻﺕﻌﺮﻣﻬ
ﺔﺗﻈ ﻴ
ﻨﺔﺫﻫﻗﺎ
ﻮﻥﻣﻦﺇﻋ ﻧﺎﻌ
ﻳﻦﻻﻳ ﺬﻟ
ﺍﺔﻭﻴﻨ
ﺫﻫ
ﺎﻥﺩﻱ
ﻤﺘﻧ
ﻳﻦﻻﺎﺘ
ﻨﺸﻭﺟﺮﺎﻥﺷﻓ ؛
1
997
ﻭﻥﺮﺁﺧﻭ
ﻮﺕﻣﺮﻳﺪ
ﻛ ﺎ
ﻣ ؛
1996 ﻭﻥﺮﺁﺧﻭ
ﺪﻠ
ﻴﻔﺘﻳ
ﻭ (
؛
1
996 ﻭﻥﺮﺁﺧ
ﻭ ﺪﻠ
ﻴﻔ
ﺘﻳﻭ
( ﺪﻠ
ﻟﺠﺍﺎﺕﺑ
ﺍﺮﺍﺿﻄ ،
) 2000 ﻭﻥﺮﺁﺧﻭ
ﻟﻚﺎ
ﻓ
VanSc hr
ojenste
inLantman-deValk
e؛t
.1997
ﻭﻥ ﺮﺁﺧﻭ
ﻮﺕﻣﺮﻳ
ﺪﻛﺎﻣ
VanSc h
r oje
ns t
ei؛n( Mc De rmott e
tal .
1
997 ﺍﺱ ﻮ
ﻟﺤﺍﺍﻥﺪﻘ،ﻓal.
2000 )
ﺭﻮ
ﻜﺴ ﻟﺍ
ﺮ) ﺎﻃﺓﻣﺨ ﺩﺎﻳ
(ﺯﻭLant man- deValk etal
.2000 )
VanSc hrojens t
einL antman- deVal k e؛t
1998 .
ﻭﻥﺮ ﺁﺧﻭ
ﺮﻱﺒﺃﺳ(
ﺔﻴﻟﺼﺤﺍﻛﻞﺎﻤﺸﻟﺍﺈﻥ،ﻓﺭﻮﻜﺴ ﻟﺍ
ﺮ)ﺎﻃ ﺓﻣﺨ ﺩﺎ
ﻳ(ﺯ
ﺪﻭ ﻠﻟﺠﺍ ﻛﻞﺎ
ﺀﻣﺸ ﺎﻨ
ﺜﺘﺎﺳﺑ
al .
2000 )
.
ﻴﻦ ﻦﺑ
.ﻣﺔﻴﻨ
ﺬﻫ ﻟ
ﺍﺔﻗﺎ
ﺍﻹﻋ ﺒﺐﺍﺿﺢﺑﺴ ﻜﻞﻭ ﺔﺑﺸ ﺒﻄﺗﺮ،ﻣ ﻴﻦﻔﻟ
ﺆﻤﻠﻟﺎ
ً
ﻘﻓ،ﻭﻩﺃﻋﻼ ﺓﺭﻮﻛﺬﻤ
ﻟﺍ
ﻳﻦﺬﻟ
ﺍﺎﺹ ﻟﻸﺷﺨ ﺔﻴﻟﺼﺤﺍ ﻜﻼﺕ ﻤﺸ ﻟﺍ
ﻠﻰ ﺎﺕﻋﺍﺳ ﺭ
ﻤﺲﺩ ﺰﺕﺧ ﻛ،ﺭﺔﻧﺭ
ﺎﻘﻤﻟﺍﺎﺕﺍﺳﺭﺪ
ﻟﺍ
؛
1
996 ﻭﻥﺮﺁﺧﻭ ﺪﻠ
ﻴﻔﺘ
ﻳﻭ ( ﻊﻤﺘﻤﺠﻟﺍﻮﻥﻓﻲ ﻴﺸﻌﻳﻦﻳ ﺬﻟ
ﺍ
ﺔﻭ ﻴﻨ
ﺔﺫﻫ ﻗ
ﺎﻮﻥﻣﻦﺇﻋ ﻧ
ﺎﻌﻳ
ﺎﻥﻓ
؛
1999 ﻭﻥﺮﺁﺧﻭ
ﻳﻞ ﺪﺘﻳﺭ
؛ 1
999 ﻭﻥﺮﺁﺧﻭ ﺎﻨﻴﻟ
؛
1
997 ﻭﻥﺮﺁﺧﻭ ﻮﺕﻣ ﺮ
ﻳﺪﻜﻣ
ﺔ
ﻴﻟﺼﺤ ﺍﻛﻞﺎ
ﻤﺸ ﻟ
ﺍﺃﻥﻨﻲﻌﺍﻳﺬ ﻫ
2 )000 .
ﺁ.
ﻭﻥ ﻝ ﺮﺁﺧﻭ ﻟﻚﺎﺎﻥﺩﻱﻓ ﻤ
ﺘﻧﻳﻦﻻﺎﺘﻨﺸﻴﻭﺟﺮﺷ
ﺍﻷ
ﻡﻭ ﺎ
ﻜﻞﻋ ﺔﺑﺸ ﻴﻨ
ﺔﺫﻫ ﻗ ﺎ
ﻋﻮﻥﻣﻦﺇ ﻧﺎ
ﻌﻳﻦﻳﺬ ﻟ
ﺍﺎﺹ ﺎﻷﺷﺨﺔﺑﺎﺻﻩﺧ ﺃﻋﻼ ﺓﺭﻮﻛﺬﻤ
ﻟﺍ
.
ﺎﺹ ﻜﻞﺧ ﻊﺑﺸ ﻤ
ﺘﻤﺠ ﻟ
ﺍﻮﻥﻓﻲ ﻴﺸ ﻌﻳﻦﻳ ﺬ
ﻟﺍﺔﻗﺎ
ﺍﻹﻋﻭﻱ ﺎ ﺹﺫ ﺷﺨ