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ta0;oifausmif;om;? ausmif;olrsm;twGuf
DBS Lesson

1 Title 1 Yangon University of Distance Education

2 Title 2 First Year(Chemistry Specialization )

3 Title 3 Oxidation –Reduction Reactions

4 Script writer and Presenter
Daw San San Nwe
Associate Professor
Department of Chemistry
Yangon University of Distance Education
5 M.S. yxrESpf"mwkaA' ausmif;om;ausmif;olrsm;twGuf "mwfwdk;
"mwfavQmU"mwfjyKjcif;taMumif; ydkUcsrSmjzpfw,f/
6 M.S. Oxidation and reduction Reaction udk oxygen, hydrogen,
electron, "mwfwdk;udef;wdkUESifUywfoufjyD; t"dyÜg,f owfrSwf
Edik w
f ,f/
7 CAP 1. Redox Reaction ( Reduction and Oxidation Reaction Gain
of oxygen, (oxygen udk&,ljcif;) ? 'grSr[kwf loss of hydrogen
(hydrogen udkqHk;&HI;jcif;) [m oxidation jzpffw,f/
Loss of oxygen (oxygen udk qHk;&HI; jcif;) 'grSr[kwf gain of
hydrogen (hydrogen udk&,ljcif;) uawmU reduction jzpfw,f/
8 CAP 2. 'Dtwdkif;bJ loss of electrons (electron udk qHk;&SHk;jcif;)? increase
in oxidation numbers ( "mwfwdk;udef;rsm;vm jcif;)? wdkUrSmvnf;
"mwfwdk;jcif; jzpfovdk gain of electrons (electron udk &,lljcif;)?
decrease in oxidation numbers - "mwfw;kd ude;f avQmUeJoGm; wm
u vnf; "mwfavQmh jcif;jzpfw,f/
9 CAP 3. vQyfppfoHk;jyD;"mwfcGJwJhtcgrSm anode rSm"mwfwdk;jcif; jzpfay:jyD;
cathode rSm "mwfavQmUjcif; jzpfay:wmudkawGUedkifw,f/
10 CAP 4. OyrmtaeESiUf copper-silver voltaic cell wpfckudk azmfjyxm;w,f/
anode jzpfwUJ copper- electrode rSm Cu onf Cu 2+
tjzpf"mwfwdk;oGm;jyD; cathode jzpfwUJ silver-electrode rSm Ag+
onf Ag tjzpf "mwfavQmUoGm;wmudkawGU&r,f/
11 CAP 5. qufvufjy;D"mwfwdk;"mwfavQmUjcif;udk oxidizing agent, reducing
agent wdkUESifUywfoufjyD; azmfjyr,f/
tjcm;ypönf;udk "mwfwdk;apwJUypönf;udk oxidizing agent
("mwfwdk;ypönf;)vdkUac:w,f/ tjcm;ypönf;udk "mwfavQmUapwJU
ypön;f udak wmU reducing agent ("mwf avQmUypönf;)vdkUac:w,f/
12 CAP 6. Oyrm CuO + H2 Cu + H2 O wGif CuO rSm&SdwJU Cu
[m " (+2) " "mwfwdk;ajcrS "mwfwdk;ajc "0 " &SdwJU Cu tjzpf
Ureduction jzpfoGm;jyD; ? H2 uawmU "mwfwdk;ajc "0" rS " (+1) "
tjzpf"mwfwdk;oGm;wm awGU&w,f/ 'gaMumifU CuO [m
udk,fwdkifu"mwfavQmUjyD; H2 ud"fk mwfwdk; apwJUtwGuf CuO [m
oxidizing agent jzpfw,f/
H2 uawmU udk,fwdkifu "mwfwdk;jyD; CuO uddk "mwfavQmh
apwJUtwGuf H2 [m reducing agent jzpfwmawGU&w,f/
13 CAP 7. Redox Reaction &JU definition awGudk azmfjy jyD;wJUtcg
"mwfwdk;udef;awG&Sm,ledkif wJU pnf;rsOf; rsm; udkazmfjyr,f/
Rules for Assigning Oxidation States.
"mwfwdk;udef;rsm; udkatmufyg pnf;rsnf; rsm;t& &SmazGedkifw,f/
1. Sum of oxidation numbers = zero, neutral jzpfaewJU
molecule rSmyg0ifaewJU j'yfpifwdkU&JU pkpkaygif;"mwfwdk;udef;[m zero
jzpf&r,f/
Oyrm NaCl molecule rSmyg0ifwJU Na &JU "mwfwdk;udef;[m +1
jzpfjyD; Cl uawmU-1 jzpf wJUtwGuf pkpkaygif; "mwfwdk;udef;[m
oknjzpfw,f
14 CAP 8. 2. All elements in free state are zero.
j'yfpiftm;vHk; &JU"mwfwdk;udef;[moHknjzpfw,f/
Oyrm Zn,Cu, H2,Cl2 wdkU[m elements awGjzpfwJUtwGuf
olwdkU&JU"mwfwdk;udef;awG[m oHknjzpfw,f/
15 CAP 9. 3. Oxidation number = charge on ion
Ion wdkUrSm&SdwJU "mwfwdk;udef;uawmU tJ'D ion ay:rSm yg0ifwJU
vQyfppf"mwf yrmP ta& twGuf bJjzpfw,f /
Oyrm Zn2+ ion wGif Zn &JU "mwfwdk;udef;[m +2 jzpfw,f/
16 CAP 10. 4. Alkali metals ( group IA) = Oxidation number = "+1"
Alkali metals rsm;[m ( group IA) rSmyg0ifwJU twGuf olwdkU&JU
"mwfw;kd ude;f [m "+1" jzpfw,f Oyrm - Na [m group IA rSm
ygwJUtwGuf "mwfwdk;udef;[m "+1" jzpfw,f/
Alkaline earth metals ( group II A) = Oxidation number =
"+2"
 group II ArSm&SdMuwJU alkaline earth metals rsm;&JU
"mwfwdk;udef;[m +2 jzpfw,f/
Oyrm - Ca [m group IIA rS jzpf wJUtwGuf "+2" "mwfwdk;udef;
&Sd w,f/
17 CAP 11. 5. Oxidation number of oxygen = "-2" (except O = -1 in
H2 O2 )
j'yfaygif; rsm;rSm&Sd wJU oxygen &JU "mwfwdk;udef; [m ( -2) jzpfjyD;
peroxide xJ rSmawmU ( -1) jzpfw,f/
18 CAP 12. 6. Oxidation number of H = "+1" (except H is zero in H2
molecule and
H= "-1" in NaH)
Hydrogen gas ESifU metal hydride wdkUu vGJjyD; hydrogen &JU
"mwfw;kd ude;f [m ( +1) jzpfw,f/
19 M.S. txufuazmfjyxm;wJUpnf;rsOf;awGudkoHk;jyD; BaS rSm&SdwJU Ba ESifU
S wdkU&JU "mwfwdk;udef;udk&SmazGMunfU&atmif
20 CAP 13. What is the oxidation state of each atom in BaS?
qdkwJUar;cGef;rSm Ba [m group IIA rSm &Sd wJU twGuf +2
"mwfwdk;udef;&Sdw,f/ pnf;rsOf;eHywf(1) t& BaS armfvDusL;&JU
pkpkaygif;"mwfwdk;udef;[m oHknjzpfwJUtwGuf S &JU "mwfwdk;udef;[m
-2 jzpf r,f
21 CAP 14. Balancing oxidation- reduction tydkif;wGif oxidation -
reduction nDrQjcif;rsm;udk nDatmifnSd ay;wJUtcg yxrqHk;
aysmf&nftrsdK;tpm;udkMunfU&r,f/ Acid *kPf&Sd aysmf&nfjzpfcJU&if O2
ta&twGufudk nSd bdkUtwGuf H2 O molecule xnfUay;&r,f/
wu,f vdUk H2 udk nSbd Ukd vd&k ifawmU H+ aygif;xnfUay;&r,f/
22 CAP 15. Base *kPf &Sd aysmf&nfjzpfcJU r,fqdk&if O2 ta&twGu?f H2
ta&twGuf wdkUudk nDatmift&ifnSd&w,f/ vdkwJU O2
-
uwpfckjzpfae&if O2vdw k UJ zufukd (OH ) eSpfckxnfUay;&r,f/
tjcm;wpfzufudkawmU H2 O moleculewpfvHk; aygif;
xnfUay;&r,f/ H2 udk nSdbdkU vdk cJU &ifawmU H2 wpfcktwGuf H2
O molecule wpfvHk;udk H2 bufrSmxnfUaygif;ay;jyD; tjcm;
-
wpfzufrSm (OH ) wpfckudkaygif;xnfU ay;&r,f/ 'DtcsufawGudk
toHk;jyKjyD; OyrmtaeESifU acid aysmf&nfrSm reaction jzpfwJU
equation udk balance jzpf atmifnSdMunfU&atmif/
23 CAP 16. Write a balance equation for the reaction
2- - + 2- 2+
SO3 + Mn O4 + H SO4 + Mn + H2 O
+
'DnDrQjcif;&JU b,fzufjcrf; reactant zufrSm H ygwJUtwGuf acid
aysmf&nfrSm"mwfjyKjcif; jzpfwm odedkifw,f/
2-
24 CAP 17. equation (1) rSm&Sd wJU SO3 rSm S &JU "mwfwdk;udef; [m +4 jzpfjyD;
2-
SO4 rSm &SdwJU S &JU "mwfwdk;udef;[m+6 jzpfw,f/ S [m +4 uae
+6 udk "mwfwdk;jciff; jzpfwJUtwGuf equation (1) [m oxidation
-
reaction jzpfw,f/ equation (2)&Sd Mn O4 ion rSm &SdwJU Mn &JU
2+
"mwfwdk;udef;[m +7 jzpfjyD; Mn wGif "mwfwdk;udef; +2
jzpfwUJ twGuf Mn [m +7 rS +2 "mwfwdk;ajcodkU avQmUenf;
oGm;w,f/ 'gaMumifU equation (2) [m reduction reaction
jzpfw,f/ oxidation reaction, reduction reaction rsm;udk&Sm
+
,ljyD;vQifvdktyfwJUbufudk electron, H ion eSifU H2O molecule
wdkUudkaygif;xnfUay;&r,f/'Denf;eJU equation (1) ESifU(2) wdkUudk
balance jzpfatmifnSd ,ledkifw,f/
25 CAP 18. qufvufjyD; electron ta& twGufudknSdbdkUtwGuf equation (1)
ud(k 5) ESifUajrSufjyD; equation (2) ud(k 2) ESifUajrSufvdkuf&if electron
(10 )vHk;pDnDoGm;wJUtwGuf equation (1) ud(k 2) ESifUaygif;
vdkufwJUtcgrSm equation (3) udk &&Sdr,f/ equation (3) &JU
b,fbufESifUnmbuftjcrf;rSm&SdwJU "mwfwdk;udef;eSifU atom rsm;&JU
ta& twGufrsm;udkufnDjyDqdk&if equation (3) [m balance
jzpfoGm;jyDqdkwm odedkifw,f/
26 CAP 19. ,aeUydkUcswJU oifcef;pmudk summarize vkyfvdkuf&if 1. Concepts
of redox reactions rSm "mwfwdk; "mwfavQmU "mwfjykjcif;rsm;&JU
t"dyÜg,f udk oxygen, hydrogen, electron, "mwfwdk;udef;?
awGeJUywfoufjyD; azmfjyxm;w,f/ aemufwpfcg "mwfwdk;ypönf;
(oxidizing agent), "mwfavQmUypönf; (reducing agent), awG&JU
taMumif;udk em;vnf oabm aygufzdkU twGufOyrmay;jyD; &Sif;vif;
jyxm;w,f/
2.Assigning oxidation number eJU ywfoufjyD;
"mwfwdk;udef;udk&SmazGedkifwJUpnf;rsOf;rsm;udk vnf; ykpäm wpfyk'feSifU
Oyrmay;jyD;&Sif;jyxm;w,f/
3.balancing oxidation reduction reaction rSmawmU redox
reaction rsm;udk balance vkyfzdkU twGuf acid aysmf&nf rSm
reaction jzpfwUJ equation udk Oyrm taeeSifU azmfjyxm;w,f/
4.aemufqHk;azmfjyxm;wmuawmU redox titration taMumif;bJ
jzpfw,f/ aysmf&nfwpfck&JU yrmPudkodcJU&if tjcm;aysmf&nf
wpfck&JUjyif;tm; molarity udk&SmazGwGufxkwf ,ledkifaMumif;
&Sif;jyxm;w,f/
27 M.S. ,ckydkUcswJUtaMumif;t&mawGtjyif jyXmef;pmtkyfrSmygwJU tcsuf
tvufawGudk yl;wGJavUvmjyD; jyXmef;pmtkyfrSmygwJU avUusifUcef;
awGudk ajzqdkMunfhygvdkUajym&if; oifcef;pmudk&yfem;vdkufw,f/