J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No.

6A

wuúokdvfbkef;Ekdif\ uAsmhoabm? uAsmhtjrif

Ä
MunfjymOD;
pmwrf;tusOf;
þpmwrf;onf wuúokdvfbkef;Ekdif\ uAsmhoabm? uAsmhtjrifrsm;udk
avhvmwifjyxm;aom pmwrf;jzpfygonf/ tcef;(1)wGif wuúokdvfbkef;Edkif\
tw¬KyÜwdå? tcef;(2)wGif wuúokdvfbkef;Ekdif\ uAsmhoabm? uAsmhtjrif
2? 1/ uAsmESifhtjrifhjr§ifh*kPf 2? 2/ uAsmESifhtm½HkyHk&dyf oGef;xkjcif;
2? 3/ uAsmhopöm 2? 4/ uAsmoHk;bmompum; 2? 5/ uAsmESifhedrdwfyHk
2? 6/ uAsmESifhtoH 2? 7/ uAsmhocFg&ESifhed,mr [k tcef; (7)cef;
cGJjcm; avhvmwifjyxm;ygonf/

ed'gef;
wuúodkvfbkef;Edkif\ uAsmhoabm? uAsmhtjrifpmwrf;wGif uAsmESifh
ywfoufí wuúodkvfbkef;Edkif\tawG;tjrif? t,ltqrsm;ukd avhvmwifjy
xm;ygonf/ uAsmwpfyk'f zefwD;rItqifhqifhESihf ywfoufí wuúodkvfbkef;Edkif\
tjrifukdvnf; avhvmazmfjyoGm;rnf jzpfygonf/ xdkokdY uAsmhoabmxm;?
uAsmhtjrifrsm;udk avhvmwifjy&mwGif tavhvmcHpmtkyftjzpf wuúodkv f
bkef;Edkif\ vD&em? **Fg? {&m0wD (uAsmhocFg&ESifhed,mr)? tjrifhodkY tm½Hk
ñGefYwufjcif;? cyfodrf;uvsm½IzG,fomwnf; (yxrwGJ) ('kwd,wGJ) pmtkyfrsm;udk
toHk;jyKxm;ygonf/ vD&em? **Fg? {&m0wD pmtkyfwGif pma&;olu uAsmh
oabmxm;? uAsmhtjrifrsm;tjyif acwfay:uAsmrsm; (odkY) armf'efuAsmrsm;
taMumif;udkvnf; aqG;aEG;wifjyxm;onf/ odkY&mwGif þpmwrf;ürl acwfay:
uAsmrsm; (odkY) armf'efuAsmrsm;udkvnf; xnfhoGif;aqG;aEG;jcif; rjyKbJ uAsmh
oabm? uAsmhtjrifrsm;udkom aqG;aEG;wifjyoGm;rnf jzpfygonf/ wuúokdvf
bkef;Edkif\ uAsmhoabm? uAsmhtjrifudk wifjy&mü tjcm;aompmayynm&Sif
wdkY\ oabmxm;tjrifrsm;ESifhvnf; EIdif;,SOfwifjyoGm;rnf jzpfygonf/

Ä a'gufwm? enf;jy? jrefrmpmXme? &efukefta½SUydkif;wuúodkvf

916 J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A

1/ wuúov
dk fbkef;Ekdif\tw¬KyÜwdå
wuúodkvfbkef;Edkif\tw¬KyÜwådudk wifjy&mwGif q&mBuD;onf pmay
avmuwGif atmifjrifxif&Sm;onfh pma&;q&mwpfOD; jzpfonfomru ynma&;
avmuwGifvnf; ynma&;0efxrf;tqifhtrsKd;rsKd;jzihf wdkif;jynfwm0efrsm;udk
xl;jcm;pGm aqmif&GufcJhol jzpfonfhtwGuf wuúodkvfbkef;Edkif\ vkyfaqmifcsuf
rsm;ESifh tw¬KyÜwådudk ynma&;0efxrf;b0ESifh pmayb0[k ESpfydkif;cGJí wifjy
xm;ygonf/

ynma&;0efxrf;b0
wuúodkvfbkef;Edkif uavmiftrnfcH OD;cifarmifwifhudk 1930 ckESpf?
Zefe0g&Dv (16)&ufaeYwGif oefvsifNrdKUü zcifOD;xGef;azESifh rdcifa':Muifar
wdkYrS arG;zGm;onf/ wuúodkvfbkef;Edkifonf ArmvlrsKd; Ak'¨bmom0ifwpfOD;
jzpfonf/ arG;csif;(5)OD;teuf 'kwdajrmufjzpfNyD; tBuD;qHk; om;a,musfm;
jzpfonf/ i,frnfrSm armifazodef; jzpfonf/
jynfc½dkif? aygif;wnfNrdKU tpdk;&rlvwef;vGefausmif;rS wuúodkvf0if
pmar;yGJ atmifjrifNyD; 1948ckESpfwGif &efukefwuúodkvfodkY a&muf&Sdonf/ &efukef
wuúodkvf *kPfxl;wef; aemufqHk;ESpf "mwfcGJcef;wGif vufawGUvkyfaepOf
rEÅav;wuúodkvf ausmif;tkyfBuD;jzpfol q&mBuD;OD;udkav;u rEÅav;wuúodkvf&Sd
pdwfynmXmeodkY vma&mufí pdwfynm pwifoifMum;ay;&ef arwåm&yfcH
cJhonf/ rdrdynmjyefYyGm;a&;udk ESpfoufonfuwpfaMumif;? q&mBuD;OD;udkav;tm;
av;pm;onfuwpfaMumif;wdkYaMumifh vmygrnf[k uwday;cJhonf/
1955 ckESpfwGif pdwfynmjzihf 0dZÆm(*kPfxl;)bGJUudk &efukefwuúodkvfrS yxr
tqifhjzifh atmifjrifonf/ wuúodkvfrScsD;jr§ifhaom qkwHqdyf&cJhonf/ atmifpm&if;
&vQif&jcif; rEÅav;wuúodkvfwGif tvkyf0ifNyD; pdwfynmudk pwifoifMum;
ay;onf/ rEÅav;wuúodkvfu pdwfynmXmeudk 'óeduaA'ESifhcGJí oD;jcm;Xme
tjzpf cGJay;onf/ rEÅav;wuúodkvf pdwfynmXme pwifwnfaxmifolESifh
yxrqHk; XmerSL; jzpfonf/
r[m0dZÆmbGJUudk 1961 ckESpfwGif tar&duefjynfaxmifpk? e,l;a,mufNrdKU?
udkvHbD,mwuúodkvfrS &&SdcJhonf/ 1955 ckESpf rS 1962 ckESpftxd
vufaxmufuxdu? uxduwm0efrsm;udk rEÅav;wuúodkvfwGif xrf;aqmifonf/
J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A 917

1962 ckESpf rS 1972 ckESpftxd awmifBuD;aumvdyf ausmif;tkyfBuD;? 1972 ckESpf

rS 1977 ckESpftxd ykodrfaumvdyf ausmif;tkyfBuD;? 1977 ckESpf rS 1987
ckESpftxd armfvNrdKifaumvdyf ausmif;tkyfBuD;tjzpf wm0efxrf;aqmifcJhonf/
1987 ckESpfwGif armfvNrdKifwuúodkvfwGif 'kwd,ygarmu©csKyftjzpf wm0ef
xrf;aqmifcJhNyD; 1988 ckESpfwGif ynma&;wuúodkvf ygarmu©csKyftjzpf wm0ef
xrf;aqmifcJhonf/ 1964 ckESpf ynma&;pepfopf pwifcsdefrSpí 1989 ckESpf
yifpif,lonfhtcsdefxd wuúodkvfynma&;tzGJUrsm;aumifpD\ tzGJU0ifvlBuD;ESifh
wuúodkvfrsm; A[dkaumifpD tzGJU0ifvlBuD;tjzpf wm0ef,lcJhonf/
1977 ckESpfwGif ynma&;avhvma&; tzGJUacgif;aqmiftjzpf *syefjynfodkY
apvTwfjcif; cH&onf/ 1980 jynfhESpf EdkifiHawmfu BuD;rSL;usif;yonfh
ynma&;ESD;aESmzvS,fyGJwGif tajccHynma&;ESD;aESm zvS,fyGJ\obmywdtjzpf
xrf;aqmifcJhonf/ 1981 ckESpfwGif usif;yaom yHkrSefa&G;cs,fwifajr§mufyGJBuD;ü
rGefjynfe,f jynfolYvTwfawmfESifhjynfolYaumifpD tqifhqifh a&G;cs,fwifajr§mufyGJ
usif;ya&;aumfr&Sif tzGJUcGJOuú|tjzpf aqmif&GufcJhonf/ 1983 ckESpfwGif
ynma&;avhvma&; tzGJUacgif;aqmiftjzpf w½kwfjynfolYor®wEdkifiHodkY apvTwfjcif;
cH&onf/

pmayb0
wuúodkvfbkef;Edkifonf 8 ESpfom;t&G,fuyif 0goemtavsmuf pmwdk
ayprsm; a&;cJh&m '*kefr*¾Zif;acwfjzpfí rdrdi,frnf armifazodef;ESifhwGJí
rdrdudk,frdrd '*kefazodef;[k uavmiftrnf cH,lcJhonf/ 11 ESpfom;t&G,fwGif
0w¬Krsm; pwifa&;om;cJhonf/ 15 ESpfwGif uAsmoif½dk;ukefí uAsmrsm;
ydkifEdkifpGm a&;om;Edkifonf/
aygif;wnfausmif;wGifaepOf ]aqGokarmif tayGrsm;udkv? ar,kawmif
ae&xm;wGify? a>cpum; rSmvdkufr,f} aw;xyfrS ]aqGokarmif} qdkonfh
pum;udk ESpfoufí uavmiftrnftjzpf ,lcJhNyD;aemuf ]aqG} udkjzKwfí
]okarmif} trnfjzifh ausmif;pmapmifrsm;wGif a&;cJhonf/ Aef;armfwifatmif\
]bkef;armifhwpfa,mufwnf;&,f} 0w¬KxGufvmaomtcg Aef;armfwifatmif
a&;cJhonfh qif;&Jaomrdb\ pmawmfaomom;tjzpfudk *kPf,lojzifh rdrd\
uavmiftrnfudk wuúodkvfbkef;Edkif[k ,lcJhonf/
918 J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A

wuúodkvfausmif;om;b0wGif wuúodkvfbkef;Edkif uavmiftrnfjzifh

1949 ckESpfwGif Zefe0g&Dvxkwf ]½Ir0} r*¾Zif;ü ]'Gd[} uAsma&;om;&mrS
pmaye,fodkY pwif0ifa&mufcJhonf/ yxrqHk;a&;om;cJhaom0w¬KwdkrSm ]va&mif
ESifht&dyf} jzpfNyD; 1951 ckESpfwGif a&;om;cJhonf/ 1958 ckESpf? Zefe0g&Dvxkwf
jr0wDr*¾Zif;yg ]ESif;&Gufa<uapm} 0w¬K&SnfrS pwifí wpf[kefxdk; emrnfBuD;
vmcJhonf/ 1958 ckESpfrS 1991 ckESpftwGif; 0w¬K&Snf 29tkyf xkwfa0cJhonf/

2/ wuúov dk fbkef;Ekdif\ uAsmhoabm? uAsmhtjrif

2? 1/ uAsmESihftjrifhjr§i*fh kPf
uAsmESifhywfoufí &Sif;vif;&mwGif wuúodkvfbkef;Ekdifonf euf½dIif;pGm
qifjcifpOf;pm;onf/ vlom;wdkYonf ausmufawmifxGwfBuD;rsm;? vQyfyef;rsm;?
rdk;BudK;rsm;ESifhtwl a&GUvsm;aeaom wdrfwdkufBuD;rsm;? rD;awmufBuD;rsm;?
rkefwdkif;BuD;rsm;? ork'´&mBuD;rsm; ponfwdkY\ Ncdrf;ajcmufrIudk BuHKawGU&vQif
ckcHEdkifpGrf;rSm ao;ao;rIefrIef jzpfoGm;onf/ odkY&mwGif &ifqdkifBuHKawGU&jcif;rsKd;
r[kwfbJ ab;uif;pdwfcspGm Munfhae&vQif xdkaMumufp&maumif;aom t&m
rsm;onf ñdIYiiftm; qGJaqmiftm; &Sdaejyefonf/ xdkaMumufp&m t&mrsm;u
vlom;\pdwf0dnmOfrS tiftm;wdkYudk tjrifhodkYa&mufatmif jr§ifhwifay;EdkifpGrf;
&Sdaejyefonf/ xdkoabmudk pma&;olu qyfbvif;rf 1 [laom t*Fvdyf
pum;jzihf azmfjyonf/ qyfbvif;rf\teufrSm vlYpdwfudk tjrifha&mufatmif
jr§ifhaom tjrifhjr§ifh*kPf jzpfonf/ jrefrmtvuFmusrf;rsm;üygaom 0D&&o?
b,meu&o oabmrsm;ESifhqifonf/ ,if;wdkYonf obm0w&m;ü&Sdaeaom
tjrifhjr§ifh*kPfrsm; jzpfonf/ xdkYtwlyif uAsmüvnf; tjrifhjr§ifh*kPf &Sdonf/
uAsmonf vlYpdwfudk tHhMopdwf? &J&ifhwuf<updwf? aMumuf&GHUpdwfrsm;jzihf
tjrifhodkYa&mufatmif zefwD;EkdifpGrf; &Sdonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzihfqkdaomf uAsmonf
vlYpdwfudk cHpm;rIrSwpfqifh wjznf;jznf; &ifhusufjrifhwufvmatmif zefwD;
ay;Ekdifonf[k qdkvdk[ef &Sdygonf/
xdkoabmESifhywfoufí wuúodkvfbkef;Edkif\ ]tjrifhodkY tm½HkñGefYwufjcif;}
(odkYr[kwf) uAsmpmtkyfwGif-

1
Sublime
J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A 919

]]pmBuD;ayBuD; pmaumif;ayrGefwdkYonf pmzwfol\&ifwGif;odkY

cHpm;rIwpf&yfudk ydkYay;onf/ xkdodkY ydkYay;jcif;udk vGef*sD;euf(pf)u
acgrbmomjzihf tuf(uf)pwufqpf(pf) 1 [k ac:cJhonf/
t*Fvdyfbmomjzihf x&efpydkY(wf) 2 [k bmomjyefonf/
x&efpydkY(wf) oabmu pum;wefqmtvuFm3 tpGrf;jzihf
pmzwfol\pdwfudk qGJaqmif,ljcif; 4 oabm r[kwf/
onfoabmxuf vGefonf/ pmwGif;rS *kPfowådonf
pmzwfol\pdwfwGif;odkY wdkuf½dkuful;ajymif; a&muf&SdoGm;
onf/ xdkokdY ul;ajymif;a&muf&SdoGm;onfh *kPfowådtpGrf;aMumifh
pmzwfol\pdwfonf omreftm;jzihf rdrdbmomrdrd ra&muf&Sd
Edkifonfh tjrifhodkY a&mufoGm;onf}}5
[k azmfjyxm;ygonf/
vGef*sD;euf(pf)rSm c&pfawmfay:NyD;p wpf&mpkESpftwGif;ü y,f&D[l;yquf(pf)
trnf&Sdonfhusrf;udk a&;oGm;cJhol jzpfonf/ y,f&D [laom acgrpum;\
teufrSm-
]]wpf0dkuf? ywfvnf0ef;usif? teD;tem;[k t"dyÜm,f&Sdonf/
[l;tquf(pf)udk tjrifh*kPf 6 [k a,bk,s bmomjyef
Muonf}}7
[k azmfjyxm;onf/ qdkvkdonfrSm rwdrfaum ryaysmufbJ ordkif;ü *kPf&nf
xif&Sm;onfh a&S;uAsmBuD;rsm;ESifh pmBuD;ayBuD;rsm;udk avhvmaomtcg teuf
t"dyÜm,f tvG,fwul zGifhqdkr&onfh *kPfwpf&yfudk ñTef;qdkvdkjcif; jzpfonf/
odrfarGUeufeJaom oabmwpfckudk pOf;pm;oHk;oyfaomtcg vlom;wdkY\
ÓPfonf xdkoabmudk rdrd&& qkyfudkifrjyEdkif/ xdkoabm\ teD;wpf0dkufqD
odkYom a&mufNyD; þodkYjzpfwef&m\[k cefYrSef;Munfh&onfh oabm jzpfygonf/
1
ekstasis
2
transport
3
rhetoric
4
persuasion
5
bkef;Edkif(wuúodkvf-)? 2012? 13/
6
quality of elevation
7
bkef;Edkif(wuúodkvf-)? 2012? 12/
920 J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A

pmaumif;ayrGefwdkYudk zwf&müvnf; pmzwfol\pdwfonf rdrd&& ajymEdkif

aomfvnf; xdkpmaywdkY\ qGJaqmifrIudk cH&onf/ pmwpfyk'f? uAsmwpfyk'fudk
zwfaomtcgwGif &Sd&if;pGJpdwftajctaexuf ydkrdkaMumuf&GHUjcif;? xdwfvefYjcif;?
&J0Hhjcif; ponfh *kPfowådrsm; jzpfay:vmwwfonfhoabmudk ñTef;qdkonf/
pmayü&Sdaom tjrifh*kPfonf atmufazmfjyyg tajccHw&m;wdkYtay:ü
jrpfzsm;cHí jzpfay:vmonf/ uAsma&;zGJUoltaeESifh BuD;jrwfaom tawG;
tBuHwdkYudk awG;BuHEdkifjcif;? xufoefjyif;jyaom aZmqE´&Sdjcif;? pum;wefqm
tvuFm Edkifeif;jcif;? wifhw,faom pum;oHk;pum;EIef;t&mü uRrf;usif
ydkifEdkifjcif;? odu©mjynfhjynfhESifh xnf0gcHhnm;pGm oDuHk;zGJUpnf;Edkifjcif;wdkY jzpfonf/
]]tjrifh*kPfonf BuD;jrwfaom0dnmOf\ yJhwifoH jzpfonf/
sublimity is the echo of a great soul [kvnf; vGef*sD;euf(pf)u
qdkcJhygonf/}}1
sublimity onf sublime [laom pum;rS vmonf/ jrifhjrwfaom?
txGwftxdyfjzpfaom? usufoa&&Sdaom t"dyÜm,f&onf/ pmzwfolwdkY\
pdwfwGif MunfndKjcif;? av;pm;½dkaojcif;? aMumuf&GHUjcif;? tHhMojcif;? csD;rGrf;jcif;
ponfh pdwftajctaewdkYudk wpfNydKifeuf a&m,Sufí jzpfay:apjcif;udk
qdkvdkonf/ pmBuD;ayBuD;? pmaumif;ayrGefjzpfonfh [dk;rm;\ tdvd,uf('f)
uAsmBuD;? &mr,eZmwfvuFmBuD;? &Sift*¾orm"d\ aerdbHkcef;ysKdUBuD;wdkYudk
zwf½I&aomtcg zwfol\pdwfü ay:aygufvmaom cHpm;rItrsKd;rsKd;udk
qyfbvif;(rf)[k qdkEdkifonf/ &ooabmESifhqdkvQif b,meu&oESifh tAÇKw
&o ESpfrsKd;aygif;aeaomoabm[k teD;pyfqHk; qdkEdkifygonf/ tjrifh*kPf\
oabmrSm pmaywGif txGwftxdyfjzpfaom &ooabmjzpfonf[k ,lq
&onf/
vlom;wdkif;onf ouf&SdoufrJh tm½HktrsKd;rsKd;ESifh xdawGUcHpm;&aomfvnf;
tjcm;olrsm;xHokdY ta&mufydkYay;Edkifjcif; r&Sday/ uAsmq&mrSmrl tm½Hkig;yg;\
xif[yfrIrsm;udk cspfjcif;? rkef;jcif; ponfh pdwftrsKd;rsKd;jzihf cHpm;Munfhonf/
xdkcHpm;csufrw S pfqifh pdwful;rsm; jzpfay:vmonf/ xdkpdwful;wdkYudk pmzwfoltm;
a&;zGJUjycsifaom apwem jzpfay:vmonf/ xdktcgwGif Mum;cHypönf;tjzpf
pum;vHk;rsm;udk oHk;onf/
1
bkef;Edkif(wuúodkvf-)? 2012? 15/
J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A 921

wuúodkvfbkef;Edkifu uAsmhoabmESifhywfoufí tEkynmBwd*Htjzpf

&Sif;vif;wifjyxm;jyefonf/ uAsmq&m\ tEkynmBwd*HrSm oljrifaomt&m?
olYcHpm;rI? olYpum;? wpfenf; tm½Hk? a0'em? pum;vHk;rsm; jzpfonf[k
qdkygonf/
]]t*Fvdyfvdkawmh pum;vHk;rsm;u vGef;jzpfonf/ onfvGef;u
tm½HkESifha0'emMum; acgufwHkYacgufjyef vl;vmul;ysHonf/
NyD;awmh a0'emESifh tm½HkwdkYudkoHk;í a0'emESifh tm½Hk r[kwfaom
txnfzsifwpfckudk &ufvkyfonf/ xdktxnfzsifudk uAsm[k
ac:onf}}1
[k qdkxm;ygonf/ qdkvdkonfrSm uAsmq&mü tm½Hk½kyfyHktrsKd;rsKd; xif[yf
vmonf/ xkdtcgwGif cHpm;rIa0'em jzpfay:vmonf/ xdkcHpm;rIudk azmfxkwf&ef
twGuf pum;vHk;rsm;udk toHk;jyKMuonf/ uAsmq&mü xifjrifvmaom
tm½HkyHk&dyftrsKd;rsKd;ESifh jzpfay:vmaom cHpm;rIa0'emtrsKd;rsKd;udk tjyefjyef
tvSefvSef qufpyfí uAsmwpfyk'fjzpfvmatmif zGJUpyf,ljcif;udk qdkvkdonf/
xdkenf;jzihf jzpfay:vmaom uAsmonf rlvutaMumif;t&mESifh rwlbJ
ajymif;vJcJhNyD jzpfonf/ yHkpHtm;jzihf OD;yknonf ukef;abmifacwfwGif cspfjcif;
arwåmüyif tpm;xdk;í toHk;cs&NyD; pGefYy,fjcif;rsKd; cHMu&aomtjzpfudk awGUzl;
jrifzl; Mum;zl;cJh[ef &Sdonf/ xkdodkY awGUBuHKMum;jriforQonf tm½HkyHk&dyfrsm;
jzpfonf/ xkdtm½HkyHk&dyfrsm;aMumifh uAsmpmqdkü emusifrI? 0rf;enf;rIa0'emrsm;
jzpfay:chJ[ef &Sdonf/ xkdjzpf&yfrsm;ESifh ywfoufonfh pmqdk\ cHpm;rIa0'emudk
uAsmtjzpfodkY ajymif;&mwGif pum;vHk;rsm;udk toHk;jyKonf/ pum;vHk;rsm;
xJwGif edrdwfyHkrsm; ygvmonf/ tpm;xdk;toHk;cH&olrsm;udk cHyGifh[k oHk;onf/
*kPfjrifholrsm;udk pHy,fyef;[k wifpm;onf/ xdkenf;jzifh OD;yknonf-
]]yef;pHy,f? eef;v,fray:cdkufwGifrdkY? tvdkufawmfwefoifh½Hky?
cHyGifhudkuHk;}}
[k zGJUcJhygonf/ pma&;ol\ tm½HkcHpm;rIrsm;rSjzpfay:vmaom pum;vHk;rsm;jzihf
jyKjyifpD&ifvdkufaom uAsmonf rlvawGUBuHKcJh&aom taMumif;t&mESifh rwl
awmhay/ uAsmwGif vlom;rsm;udk yef;rsm;jzihf jyonf/ pmqdktaeESifh cHyGifh
yef&mrS pHy,fay:vQif pHy,fudk ajymif;íyefonfudk awGUjrif&mrS pdwful;
1
bkef;Edkif(wuúodkvf-)? 2012? 21/
922 J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A

cHpm;rIrsm; jzpfay:vmNyD; uAsmzGJUjcif;vnf; jzpfEdkifonf/ oufrJhyef;rsm;onf

*kPftqifhtwef; uGJjym;aom vlom;rsm;? vlYp½dkufrsm; jzpfvmonf/ pmzwfol
wdkY\ cHpm;rIudk ydkítjrifhodkYa&mufatmif ydkí0rf;enf;p&m? tm;i,fp&mrsm;
jzpfatmif jr§ifhwifay;EdkifchJonf/ xdkoabmudk pma&;olu uAsm\b0
ajymif;,l ay;jcif;1 (odkYr[kwf) ul;ay;jcif;2 [k qdkxm;ygonf/

2? 2/ uAsmESihftm½Hky&Hk dyf oGef;xkjcif;

taemufwdkif;uAsmq&mwdkYonf tm½Hkoabm 3 udk tvGefa&;om;
Muonf/ uAsmq&m uAsmra&;rD pdwful;&onf/ ,if;onf tifr*sif; 4
jzpfonf/ pdwfüyHkazmfjcif; [kvnf; teuf&onf/ uAsmü tawG;udkyif pdwful;[k
ac:onf/ pdwfonf tm½Hkrsm;Mum;ü ul;csnfoef;csnf jyKvkyfaeaomaMumifh
pdwful;pdwfoef;[k ac:jcif; jzpfonf/ tifr*sif;udk wuúodkvfbkef;Edkifu tm½Hk
yHk&dyf oGef;xkvkyfudkifjcif; [kvnf; oHk;EIef;xm;ygonf/ uAsmq&monf rdrd\
pdwftwGif;rS tm½Hkrsm;udk trdzrf;NyD; pmzwfolwdkY\pdwfodkY ul;ajymif;ay;ydkY&ef
tm½HkyHk&dyfrsm;udk xkoGef;&onf/ tm½HkyHk&dyfrsm;udk pum;vHk;rsm;ESifh xkoGef;&jcif;
jzpfonf/ xdktaMumif;ESifhywfoufí pma&;olu-
]]ewf&Sifaemifu "mwkuvsmudk xrf;ydk;csDrvmNyD; uRefawmfwdkY
a&SUwGifcsjyvsuf a[m'DrSm wifhw,fvSy[efav[k rvkyf/
tm½HkyHk&dyf xkoGef;NyD; tm½HkyHk&dyfudk ydkYay;jcif;om jzpfonf}}5
[k azmfjyxm;onf/ ewf&Sifaemifu "mwkuvsmudk ac:jyrnfhtpm;-
]]wifhvSay[ef? bufr&efwnfh? ajcmufwefewf&Gm? bHkuvmokdY?
jymjymvwfvwf? rGwfrGwfnufnuf}}6

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bkef;Edkif(wuúodkvf-)? 2012? 64/
6
bkef;Edkif(wuúodkvf-)? 2012? 65/
J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A 923

ponfjzihf pum;vHk;rsm;jzihf tm½HkyHk&dyfoGef;vkyfí jycJhygonf/ uAsmq&m

oGef;xkvdkufaom tm½HkyHk&dyfrsm;onf rlvyuwdoabmxufydkí tiftm;t&Sdef
aumif;onfudk awGU&onf/
pmayynm&Sif *dk;wuf1uvnf;-
]]tEkynmü uRrf;usifoltjzpf uGJjym;jcm;em;pGm jyEdkifonfh
t&mrSm pmzwfoltm; tm½HkcHpm;rI tjrifhrm;qHk;odkY
a&mufatmif pDrHzefwD;EkdifrIyif jzpfonf/ taumiftxnf
azmfEdkifrIpGrf;&nfonf yHkoP²mefESifh uAsmhpnf;rsOf;? pnf;urf;
rsm;udk zefwD;onf}}2
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]olYudk cspfvdkufwmAsm? oleJYom eD;&r,fqkd&if uRefawmf bmrqdk
vkyf&Jyg&JU} [laom pum;onf yuwdtaetxm; jzpfonf/ xdkyuwd
taetxm;udk uAsmq&mzGJUvdkufaomtcgwGif-
]]rrav;udk cspfvdkufygwJhtm½Hk? a&Tjrif;rdk&fwpfawmifvHk;
wHk;rSwfvdkYckef}}3
[k ajymif;vJoGm;onf/ uAsmq&monf cHpm;rItcsuftvufrsm;udk pum;
wefqmqifí ajymvdkufaomtcg tcspfqE´aZmrsm; ydkrdkjrifhrm;vmyHkonf
ay:vGifvmygonf/
uAsma&;zGJU&mwGif cHpm;rIonf ta&;ygonf/ odkY&mwGif cHpm;rIudk
t&Sdtwdkif; a&;jyírjzpf/ pum;tqifwefqmtrsKd;rsKd;jzifh &oay:vmatmif
wefqmqif a&;zJGU&onf/ wpfenf;tm;jzihfqdkaomf a0'emudk ynmu aumif;pGm
axmufyHh&onf/ a0'emonf cHpm;rIjzpfí ynmrSm pma&;ol\ pdwful;zGJUpnf;rI?
pdwful;½kyfyHk ay:vmatmif pum;vHk; a&G;cs,foHk;EIef;rI? um&ef? e&D ponf
wdkYu taMumif;t&mESihf qDavsmfvdkufzufrI? uAsmudk pnf;vHk;nDnGwfatmif
zGJUpnf;wnfaqmufEdkifrI ponfh tcsufrsm; vdktyfonf/
uAsmwGif pum;vHk;\ta&;ygrIESifh ywfoufí q&maZmf*sDu-
1
Goethe's
2
bkef;Edkif(wuúodkvf-)? 2012? 67/
3
bkef;Edkif(wuúodkvf-)? 2012? 66/
924 J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A

]]wpfcgwpf&H teuf½dk;pum;wGif jzpfapumrl xdkpum;udk

oHk;wwfygu xdkpum;rS *,ufteuf xGufvmEdkifí xdk*,uf
teufaMumifh pmwpfyk'fvHk;onf pdkpdkjynfjynf jzpfvm
onfudk awGU&ygonf/ ]a&TbdkNrdKUt0if uRef;zdkESpfyif &Sifatmif
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&nf&G,fxm;aom uRef;zdkESpfyifudk &Sifatmifpdkufyg[k rqdk/
&SifatmifarG;yg[k qdkcJh&m xdkpum;udkMum;&olonf ouf&Sd
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om,maom pdwfvIyf&Sm;rI jzpfEkdifygonf}}2
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]]c&D;rwfwwf? vrf;ckvwfü? udk,fvGwf½kef;um? cGJ&ygí?
tm;emcJhaMumif; ajymygav}}3
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vIyfvIyf&Sm;&Sm;ESifh pGJNidzG,fjzpfaeatmif ae&mwus a&G;cs,foHk;EIef;EdkifpGrf;
&Sdygonf/ tm;em [laom pum;u ajymufusm;ppfonf uav;\ rsKd;cspfpdwf
yHk&dyfudk xufjrufpGm oGef;xkEdkifcJhonf[k qdk&ygrnf/

2? 3/ uAsmhopöm
wuúodkvfbkef;Edkifonf uAsm\y&d,m,f (odkYr[kwf) rm,m\oabmudk
tav;teufxm;í aqG;aEG;xm;onf/ rm,m\taMumif;udk &Sif;&mü uAsm
avmuukd rm,mavmu 4 [k qdkxm;onf/ tDvl;&Sif; 5 \ omreft"dyÜm,frSm
1
aZmf*sD? 2014? 273/
2
aZmf*sD? 2014? 273/
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aZmf*sD? 2014? 3/
4
the world of Illusion
5
Illusion
J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A 925

rSm;,Gif;pGm jrifjcif; jzpfonf/ tEkynmwdkif;wGif rm,m &Sdonf/ uAsmwGifrl

uAsmq&monf yuwdjzpfwnfaerIoufoufudk pdwfr0ifpm;/ xdkyuwdjzpfwnf
aerItay:rSDí jzpfay:vmaom uAsmq&m\jrifxifrIudkom zrf;,lNyD;vQif
pmzwfolxHodkY ta&mufydkYay;Edkifonf[k qdkxm;ygonf/ uAsmq&mwdkYonf
tm½HkcHpm;rIrsm;udkom tav;xm;NyD;vQif pum;vHk;rsm;udk yHk&dyfoGef;vkyfum
uAsmtjzpfokdY ajymif;vJonf/
uAsmhopöm\ oabmudk&Sif;&mü wuúodkvfbkef;Edkifonf taemufwdkif;
uAsmqdBk uD;rsm;\ tawG;tjrifrsm;udkvnf; xnfhoGif;wifjy aqG;aEG;xm;onf/
]]uAsmhopöm\oabmudk 0g'fpf0wfof 1 u Heart by pusion
[k qdkcJhonf/ cHpm;rIavt[kefu ESvHk;om;qDodkY t&Sif
vwfvwf o,f,lcJhaom trSefw&m;[k teuf&onf/
xdktqdkudk udk;um;NyD;rS wuúodkvfbkef;Edkifu uAsmonf
cHpm;rIudk tvGeftoHk;jyKonf[k qdkxm;onf/ cHpm;rIonf
tppftrSefudk xif&Sm;jrifhrm;aponf}}2
[k rdefYqdkcJhonf/ tEkynmrSeforQwGif trSefw&m; yg0ifonf/ uAsmüvnf;
trSefw&m; ygonf/ pma&;olonf avmu\trSefw&m;udk pmzwfolxHodkY
ydkYaqmif&mwGif cHpm;rIonf ta&;ygonf/ cHpm;rIonf trSefw&m;udk ydkí
xif&Sm;jrifhrm;vmaponf/ xdkcHpm;rItrSefw&m;udk ydkrdkí t&Sdefjrifhrm;vmatmif
zefwD;&mü uAsmhy&d,m,f (odkYr[kwf) rm,mpepfudk oHk;&onf/ xkdcHpm;rI
trSefw&m;udkyif uAsmhopöm[k qdkEdkifonf/
uAsmhopömqdkonfrSm cHpm;rIudk toufoGif;xm;jcif; jzpfonf/ xkdodkY
toufoGif;&mwGif toHk;jyKaom rm,mpepfonf twGif;oabm taMumif;
t&mESifh nDnGwfqDavsmfrI &Sd&rnf/ uAsmtoGifajymif;&mü rlvyuwd &Sdaeonfh
oabmudk tajccHí uAsmq&m\tjrifESifh toGifajymif; wifjy&onf/
xdkoabmudk wuúodkvfbkef;Edkifu-

1
Words Worth
2
bkef;Edkif(wuúodkvf-)? 2012? 94/
926 J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A

]]jrifxifrIonf yuwdjzpf&SdaerIü tajccHonf/ odkY&mwGif

uAsmhopöm jzpfoGm;atmif yuwdjzpf&SdaerIukd uAsmq&mu
b0ajymif;ay;&onf}}1
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uAsmonf jyifyavmuü&Sdaeaom trSefw&m;ESifhruif;ay/ q&maZmf*sDonf
aA'gudk jrifcJhonf/ rif;ok0Pfonf ysOf;rikwfwdkudk jrifcJhonf/ xdkodkYtm;jzihf
jyifyavmuudk jrif&mrS uAsmq&mwdkYü cHpm;rd&mrS uAsma&;zGJUvdkaom apwem
jzpfay:vmcJhonf/ jyifyavmuudk uAsmtoGifodkY ajymif;&mwGif yuwdtwdkif;
r[kwfbJ b0ajymif;ay;&onf/ xkdoabmudk wuúodkvfbkef;Edkifu-
]]odkY&mwGif uAsmq&monf odyÜHynm&Sif r[kwf/ owif;pm
q&m r[kwf/ uAsmq&m\tvkyfu owif;ydkYjcif; r[kwf/
olYtvkyfu bmomjyefjcif;om/ wpfenf; b0ajymif;ay;
jcif;om/ olYbmom&Sdae? jzpfae? ay:aeonfudk uAsm
pum;? uAsmbmomESifh b0ajymif;apí uAsmhopömtjzpf
uAsmzwfolxH aqmifydkYjcif;om}}2
[k qdkcJhygonf/
rif;ok0Pfonf ysOf;rikwfwdkBuD;\ rvSyaom toGiftjyifudk a&S;OD;pGm
zGJUcJhonf/ tEkpdwfjc,frIef;rIaMumifh ysOf;rikwfwdk\ tdkrif;rI? tusnf;wefrI
rsm;onf o½kyfay:vmonf/ xdkrvSaom ½Icif;onfyif pmzwfol\pdwfudk
qGJaqmifEdkifonf/ xdkodkY tusnf;wefrIrsm;udk jyNyD;rS pmqdku-
]]xdkyifikwfwdk? ysOf;rtdkonf
ppfudkvnf;BuHK? jctHkvnf;jzpf
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avjyif;cdkufvsuf? ridkufOD;acgif;
aEGopfavmif;aomf

1
bkef;Edkif(wuúodkvf-)? 2012? 27/
2
bkef;Edkif(wuúodkvf-)? 2012? 99/
J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A 927

&Gufa[mif;ñSma<u? &Gufopfa0í
avjynfxJwGif? i,f½kyfqifonf
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pGrf;&nfudk uAsmpmqdku &SmazGwifjycJhonf/ uAsmpmqdkonf ysOf;rikwfwdkBuD;\
rvSyaom ½Icif;Mum;rS wefzdk;&Sdaom pdwftvSw&m;udk &SmazGawGU&SdcJhonfh
tavsmuf pmzwfolwdkYü cHpm;em;vnfrI? ESpfoufrIrsm;jzpfatmif tEkynm
pdwful;rsm;jzihf zGJUoDjyEdkifcJhygonf/ uAsmq&m wifjyaom b0tm;rmefrSm
avmu\trSefw&m; jzpfonf/ trSefw&m;ygonfhtwGuf xdktrSefw&m;
onfyif uAsmhopöm[k qdk&ygrnf/
OD;a&Tatmifurl uAsmhopömESifhywfoufí-
]]uAsmpmqdkonf avmuajymjyonfh ol\vQKdU0Sufcsuf
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vSatmif zGJUonf/ xdkYaMumifh avmuonf wu,f&Sdaom
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uAsmpmqdkü ouf&SdoufrJh avmu0ef;usifü jrifjriforQtay: tm½HkcHpm;rI
pl;&Sxufjruf&ef vdktyfonf/ cHpm;½Ijrif&ef vdktyfonf/ pdwfaumif;?
apwemaumif; arG;í uAsmhopömtvSw&m;udk jrifatmifESifh vSatmif a&;zGJU
EdkifpGrf; &Sdoifhonf[k ,lq&ygonf/ pma&;oltydkif;rS tEkynm*kPfajrmuf
rSom pmzwfoltydkif;rS &oajrmufrnf[k qdkvdkygonf/
armifcifrif("EkjzL)\ ]bmomESifhpmay? pmayESifhbmom} pmtkyfwGifrl-

1
a&Tatmif? OD;? 1980? 11/
928 J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A

]]uAsmu uAsmzwfol\awG;ac:rIrsm;udk Ekd;Mum;vmatmif

EdI;qGay;onf/ tvSty½IjrifcHpm;rI ydkíxufjrufvmatmif?
ydkít&omcHpm;wwfvmatmif jyKvkyfay;onf/ ydkí pl;pl;epfepf?
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ÓPf wdk;yGm;atmif jyKvkyfay;onf}}1
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q&mu tpGrf;ukef vGwfvyfrI,lí oHk;aomtcg uAsmzwfolu tpGrf;ukef
onf;cHtvdkvdkufwwfonf[k pma&;olu pmzwfolESifh uAsmq&m\ bmompum;
vGwfvyfrIwdkYudk aygif;pnf; oHk;oyfjyxm;ygonf/
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[k uAsmpmqdku bmompum;udk vGwfvGwfvyfvyfoHk;í tcspfudk BuD;BuD;
us,fus,f zGJUqdkvdkufonf/ yuwdoabmt& rjzpfEdkifaomfvnf; uAsm
zwfolwdkYu em;vnfvufcHMuonf/ cGifhvTwfMuonf/ ESpfoufMuonf/
]awmqnf;qm&JU ausmukef;ay:u? teDa&mif rsufvHk;wpfvkH; avQmusaysmufqHk;
oGm;ygyaum} [laom uAsmwGif ae0ifoGm;yHkudk zGJUqdk&mwGif uAsmpmqdk\
uAsmhopömonf zwf½IolwdkY\ESvHk;om;xJodkY t&Sifvwfvwf 0ifoGm;&onf
[kyif xif&[k wifjyxm;onf/
uAsmq&mwpfOD;\ txl;vGwfvyfcGihf 2 ESifhywfoufívnf; q&mBuD;
wuúokdvfbkef;Edkifu-
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wif;usyfaom 0guszGJUxHk;? o'´gqdik f&mpnf;urf; ponfwdYk rS

1
cifrif? armif("EkjzL)? 2013? 89/
2
Poetic license
J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A 929

uAsmq&mwpfOD; (odkYr[kwf) tEkynm&SifwpfOD;\ aoGznf

EdkifcGifh}} 1
[k t"dyÜm,fay;onf/ uAsmqdkif&m txl;vGwfvyfcGifhqdkonfrSm uAsmhopöm
ay:xifa&;twGuf uAsmzwfolrsm;u uAsmq&mudk twdkif;twmwpfcktxd
tvdkvdkuf cGifhjyKxm;rI jzpfonf/
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a&mifjyef[yfjcif; r[kwf/ uAsmpmqdkwdkY\ ÓPfoabm? ynmoabmrsm;jzihf
jyKjyifpD&ifxm;onfh trSefw&m;wpfrsKd; jzpfaomaMumifh[k pma&;olu zGifhqdk
jycJhygonf/ wuúokdvfbkef;Ekdifu-
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jzpfay:vmonfh cHpm;rIrsm;udk olwpfyg;ESvHk;om;qDodkY ta&mufydkYaqmif&mwGif
twwfynmjzihf ydkYay;&onf/ uAsm? opöm? uAsmtrSefw&m;rsm; uAsmzwfol\
todÓPfü jzpfay:vmap&ef a&;zGJUolüvnf; todÓPf&Sd&rnfom jzpfonf/
xdkYaMumifh wuúodkvfbkef;Edkifu-
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jzpfMuayonf}}3

1
bkef;Edkif(wuúodkvf-)? 2012? 114/
2
bkef;Edkif(wuúodkvf-)? 2012? 130/
3
bkef;Edkif(wuúodkvf-)? 2012? 150/
930 J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A

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2? 5/ uAsmESihfedrdwfyHk
uAsma&;zGJUrIwGif ta&;ygaom edrdwfyHk\oabmudkvnf; tao;pdwf
wifjyxm;onf/ image, imagery, imagism [laom pum;(3)vHk;wGif rlv
usaom pum;vHk;rSm image jzpfonf[k azmfjyxm;onf/ uAsmESifhywfoufaom
a0g[m&rsm;udk ajcajcjrpfjrpf wifjyavh&Sdonfhtwdkif;-
]]xdkpum;uvnf; vufwifpum; tifr*dk 2 rS qif;ouf
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&onf}}3
[k wifjyxm;onf/
]]tifrpf*s&DqdkonfrSm tifrpf*sf\ pdwåZemrf jzpfonf/
tifr*spfZif;rfum; a,bk,stm;jzihf tifrpf*sf\ pdwåZemrf
jzpfNyD; txl;tm;jzihfrl 1914ck aemufydkif;ü ay:vmaom
armf'efuAsmvIyf&Sm;rIESifh oabmw&m; jzpfonf}}4

1
bkef;Edkif(wuúodkvf-)? 2012? 150/
2
Imago
3
bkef;Edkif(wuúodkvf-)? 2012? 50/
4
bkef;Edkif(wuúodkvf-)? 2012? 51/
J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A 931

[k qdkcJhygonf/
image udk yHk&dyf? edrdwfyHk? tm½Hk&dyf? oauFwedrdwfyHk? tm½HkwHqdyf? t&dyf
ponfjzihf trsKd;rsKd;bmomjyefMuaMumif; azmfjyxm;onf/ xkdYtjyif edrdwfyHkESifh
ywfoufí jrZifu-
]]edrdwfyHkonf uAsmq&m\tmabmf teuft"dyÜm,fudkom
azmfjyonf r[kwfbJ uAsmq&m\cHpm;csufudkyg wpfNydKifwnf;
azmfjyonf/ xdkYaMumifh edrdwfyHkudk ½Icif;½IuGuf oabm
avmufom toHk;rjyKbJ a0'emESifh ynmqufwGJxm;aom
uAsmhypönf;tjzpf oHk;onf}}1
[k azmfjycJhygonf/ xdktqdkt&MunfhvQif edrdwfyHkwGif uAsmq&m\cHpm;rI
yg0ifaeNrJjzpfonf[k em;vnf&ygonf/ uAsmq&monf rdrdoHk;aomedrdwfyHkudk
cHpm;rItrsKd;rsKd;ESifh oHk;Edkifonf/ ESif;qDqdkonfh yef;wpfckwnf;udkyif vSyEl;nHhí
cspfpzG,f[laom cHpm;rIESifh a&;EdkifouJhodkY vSaomfvnf; ql;cufrsm;aMumifh
emusifapwwfonf[laom cHpm;rIESifhvnf; ½Ijrifa&;zGJUEdkifygonf/
edrdwfyHkESifhywfoufí wuúodkvfbkef;Edkifurl-
]]pum;vHk;wdkYü &Sdaeaom trsm;vufcHxm;Muonfh omref
t"dyÜm,frsKd;jzifh em;vnfa&;xuf edrdwfyHküudef;aeaom
pGrf;tifjzihf vlYpdwfudk vHIYqGEdk;Mum;apum xkd;xGif;odjrif
cHpm;apvdkonf/ uAsmq&mu uAsmzwfol em;vnfygap[k
aMumifah MumifMh uMujzihf pum;awG 0ifajymray;/ vdktyfaom
edrdwfyHkxkvkyfa&;üom aMumifhMutm;xkwf 0D&d,pdkufonf}}2
[k azmfjycJhygonf/
pDa';vl;0pfuyif-
]]uAsmavmuonf twkta,mif jzpfonf/ odkY&mwGif
,if;ü uAsmtrSefw&m;u ay;aom xufjrufaom edrdwfyHk
yHkpHcGufrsm;u uREkfyfwdkYtm; 'd|avmu[kac:onfh avmu\

1
jrZif? 1998? 300/
2
bkef;Edkif(wuúodkvf-)? 2012? 453/
932 J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A

yHkpHESifh qufoG,frIrsm; &Sdaponf/ Oypmrsm;onf xdkqufoG,frI

rsm;udk pmzwfol em;vnfap&ef Mum;cH jzpfaponf/
,if;onf xdkYxufydkívnf; jyKrlpGrf;aqmifonf/ ,if;rSm
uAsmhedrdwfyHk jzpfonf}} 1
[k qdkcJhygonf/

2? 6/ uAsmESihftoH
uAsmwGif teuft"dyÜm,fay:vGifaprnfh pum;vHk;rsm;om ta&;ygonf
r[kwf/ xdkpum;vHk;rsm;jzihf zGJUpnf;xm;aom toHonfvnf; ta&;ygonf/
uAsmwGif oHaeoHxm;qdkonfrSm wdkoifhonfhae&mwdkí &Snfoifhonfh
ae&m&SnfNyD;vQif jzwfoifhonfhae&mjzwf? qGJoifhonfhae&mqGJjcif;udk qdkvdk
ygonf/ &pfoifrf ac: oHaeoHxm;\oabmudk pma&;olu-
]]pkpOfxm;aom pum;oHrsm;onf wpfvSnfhpD razmufrjyef
rSefrSef jyefay:vmjcif;}}2
[k teufzGifhxm;onf/
uAsmwGifyg0ifonfh oHaeoHxm;ESifhywfoufí-
]]þodkYqdkvQif pum;oHav;awGudk pepfwus pkpOfvdkuf
aomtcg (0g) taetxm;csrSwfay;vdkufaomtcg toH
yufwef ac: wdusa&&maom toHoGm;3 ? wdusa&&maom
toH[ef 4 ? wdusa&&maom toHvu©Pm 5 rsm; jzpfvm
onf/ wdusa&&maom toHoGm;? toH[ef? toHvu©PmawG
jzpfvmygrS vdkufwk 6 í &onf/ vdkufwkonf qdkonfrSm
yHkwlxyfvkyfí &jcif;udk ac:onf/ uAsmü toHoGm;?

1
Day lewis, C, 1947, 18.
2
bkef;Edkif(wuúodkvf-)? 2012? 326/
3
direction
4
tendency
5
characteristics
6
imitate
J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A 933

toH[ef? toHvu©Pmav;awGudk xyfwvJvJ yHkwlvkyf

ay;&onf}}1
[k qdkxm;ygonf/
uAsmü toHzefwD;rIESifhywfoufí wuúokdvfbkef;Edkifu-
]]þodkYvQif pum;oHav;awGudk pepfwus pkpOfvdkufaom
tcg (0g) taetxm; csrSwfay;vdkufaomtcg toH
yufwef ac: wdusa&&maom toHoGm;? wdusa&&maom
toH[ef? wdusa&&maom toHvu©Pmrsm; jzpfvmonf/
wdusa&&maom toHoGm;? toH[ef? toHvu©PmawG
jzpfvmygrS vdkufwkí&onf/ vdkufwkonf qdkonfrSm yHkwl
xkyfvkyfí&jcif;udk ac:onf/ uAsmü toHoGm;? toH[ef?
toHvu©Pmav;awGudk xyfwvJvJ yHkwlvkyfay;&onf/
bmaMumihf xyfwvJvJ yHkwlvkyfay;&ygoenf;/ tajcum;
... uAsmü w0Jvnfvnf wHkYjyef&pfausmhaom t&nftaoG;
&SdapvdkaomaMumifh jzpfonf}}2
[k qdkxm;ygonf/
uAsmwGif pum;oHav;awG rSefrSefwpfvSnfhpD jyefay:vmatmif a&;zGJU
&onf/ xkdoabmudk xif&Sm;ap&ef pma&;ol ESpfNcdKufcJhaom ]cspfolYtawG;}
uAsmjzihf ajymjycJhonf/
]]vrif;u t&Sif
Mu,fpifu udk,fqdkygawmh
ajrurÇmywfcsm0dkufvdkY
vdkufyghr,faemh/
ESif;qDu uvsm
ql;ñSmu udk,fqdkygawmh

1
bkef;Edkif(wuúodkvf-)? 2012? 327/
2
bkef;Edkif(wuúodkvf-)? 2012? 327/
934 J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A

a&Tvdyfjym awmifyHum;udk
wm;ygr,faemh/
aA'gu ocif
a&jyifu udk,fqkdygawmh/
aomifrwif vdk&m<uatmif
aqmifyghr,faemh}}1
[lí jzpfygonf/
xdkuAsmwGif oHk;xm;onfh edrdwfyHk&dyfrsm;rSm topftqef;rsm;
r[kwfay/ odkY&mwGif xkdodkY xyfwvJvJzGJUjcif;rsm;aMumifh uGJjym;jcm;em;jcif;rsm;
jzpfvmonf/ qefYusifbufESpf&yfudk odrfarGUpGm xdef;ñSday;EdkifrIaMumifhvnf;
uAsmav;rSm tvdkvdkvSyvmjcif; jzpfonf/ pma&;olurl-
]]uAsmq&monf uAsmzwfoludk tHhMoap½Hkru topf
awGUrI cHpm;csuf *,ufvdIif;2 udkyg xnfhay;vdkufonf}}3
[k a&;zGJUxm;ygonf/ e&DESifhywfoufí jrZifu a0zefa&;pmaypmwrf;pmtkyfwGif-
]]owå0gwdkYonf e&Djzifh touf½SLovdk uAsmwGif toHonf
e&Djzifh vIyf&Sm;aMumif;? touf½SLaumif;rS usef;rmí
owå0gwdkY vkyfaqmiftyfonfwdkYudk aumif;pGm vkyfaqmif
Edkifovdk e&Daumif;rS uAsmu aqmif&Guftyfaom udpö
wkdYudk xda&mufpGm aqmif&GufEdkifaMumif;? e&Donf pnf;0g;
r[kwaf Mumif;? pnf;0g;twGif; vIyf&Sm;aom toH\trlt&m
jzpfaMumif;? e&Donf um&ef r[kwfaMumif;? umv
a&pD;aMumif;wGif toHpD;qif;rIjzpfaMumif;? uAsmq&monf
e&DudkoHk;í pum;ajyjzihf razmfusL;Edkifaom oabmxm;
trsKd;rsKd; cHpm;rI trsKd;rsKd;udk azmfusL;xm;aMumif;}}4
1
bkef;Edkif(wuúodkvf-)? 2012? 229/
2
thrill of discovery
3
bkef;Edkif(wuúodkvf-)? 2012? 230/
4
jrZif? 1986? 74/
J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A 935

qdkxm;ygonf/

2? 7/ uAsmo
h cFg&ESifh ed,mr
]vD&em? **Fg? {&m0wD} pmtkyfwGif wuúodkvfbkef;Edkifu tEkynm\
oabmudkvnf; &Sif;jyxm;ygonf/ wuúodkvfbkef;Edkifu tEkynmoabmESifh
ywfoufí-
]]tEkynmqdkonfh tESpftom;um; uGyfuJxdef;csKyfjcif; 1
jzpfonf/ y&rf;ywmoabm\ qefYusifbufwnf;/ taMumif;um;
tEkynmrSeforQ yef;wdkif&doS nf/ xdkyef;wdkifum; rysufjy,faom
2 3
tvS jzpfavonf}}
[k qdkcJhygonf/
xdktqdkt&MunfhvQif tEkynmppfrSefvQif pma&;olBudKufovdk zGJUí
r&ay/ tEkynmü OD;wnfcsuftvSw&m; &Sd&rnf/ tvSw&m;ay:atmif
tcsuftvufESifh pdwful;rsm;? tEkynm\ OD;wnfcsuftvSw&m; &Sd&rnf/
tvSw&m;ay:atmif tcsuftvufESifh pdwful;rsm;? uAsmhyHkoP²mefudk zGJUpnf;rI?
pnf;½Hk;rI? nDnGwfrI &Sd&rnf[k qdkvdkygonf/
uAsmq&monf yHkoP²mefESifhtvSudk zefqif;onf/ ydkrdkí wdwdusus
qdk&vQif yHkoP²mef&SdaomtvSudk zefqif;onf/ wuúodkvfbkef;Edkifu-
]]yuwdavmuü jzpf&Sdaeaom t&mwdkif;onf taMumif;
t&m jzpfvmcGifh&Sdonf/ tEkynmwGif;? uAsmwGif;ü zGJUzGJU
pnf;pnf;? rdrdydkifydkif? xifxifvif;vif;? ESpfESpfoufouf
pGJvrf;xifusefatmif ay:vmaom taMumif;t&mudkrSom
NyD;ajrmufaom taMumif;t&m[k ac:onf}}4
[k qdkxm;cJhygonf/

1
restiant
2
impresishable beauty
3
bkef;Edkif(wuúodkvf-)? 2012? 99/
4
bkef;Edkif(wuúodkvf-)? 2012? 54/
936 J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A

uAsmü a&S;tpOftvma&;xHk;a&;enf;ESifh ocFg&ajymif;vJrI&Sdjcif;wdkYESifh

ywfoufí pma&;olu-
]]avmuqdkonfü ed,mrESifhocFg&wdkY yl;wGJ,Sufvdrf twl&Sd
aeMuonf/ ed,mrbuf aZmif;ay;pOf;pm;vdkolawGudk a&S;½dk;
xdef;orm;[k ac:Muonf/ ocFg&buf aZmif;ay;pOf;pm;vdkol
wkdYudk ajymif;ypfa&;orm;[k ac:Muonf}}1
[k azmfjycJhygonf/
pmaya&;om;&mü pk? wk? jyK [laom tqifh (3)qifhESifh ywfoufí
pma&;olu uAsmpmaywdkYü pk? wk? jyK [laom tqifh (3)qifhu rvGJraoG
&Sdavonf/ odkY&mwGif pkjcif;? wkjcif;onf jyKjcif; [laom tjrifhqHk;tqifhodkY
a&muf&Sd&ef BudK;yrf;rI tpdwftydkif;rQom jzpfavonf/ wkjcif;tqifhüom
wif;wdrfauseyfNyD; &yfaevQif udk,fydkifqef;opfwDxGifEdkifpGrf; jyKjcif;tqifhodkY
b,faomtcgrS a&mufawmhrnfr[kwf[k ol\t,ltqudk wifjyxm;onf/
uAsm\ocFg&oabmtwdkif; uAsm\tpOftvmed,mrwdkY ajymif;vJ
oifhvQif ajymif;vJEdkifonf/ okdY&mwGif vrf;vGJaom udk,fydkifqef;opfwDxGifrI
rsKd;udkrl rjzpfoifhay/ udk,fydkifqef;opfrIü xl;jcm;rIvGefoGm;vQif igESifhighuAsm
tdkBuD;om usefwwfonf[k qdkcJhygonf/ uAsmq&mtaeESifh uAsmzGJU&mwGif
rdrdtwåoufoufudk rpOf;pm;bJ pmzwfol\ tydkif;udkvnf; xnfhoGif;pOf;pm;
oifhonf[laom pma&;ol\tjrifudk awGU&ygonf/

NcKH iHkoHk;oyfcsuf
wuúodkvfbkef;Ekdifudk pmzwfy&dowftrsm;pku 0w¬Kwdk? 0w¬K&Snfrsm;udk
a&;om;olwpfOD;tjzpfom em;vnfxm;Muygonf/ trSefrSmrl wuúodkvfbkef;Ekdifonf
pmaytEkynmt&mü pG,fpHk&olwpfOD; jzpfygonf/ pmayt&mü ESHYpyfuRrf;usif
onfomru *Dwynmudkvnf; em;vnfwwfuRrf;olyDyD ol\0w¬K&Snfrsm;ü
oDcsif;rsm;udkyif udk,fwkdifa&;zGJUpyfqdkí pmqdkawmfrsm;ESifh toHvTifhcJhNyD;jzpfonf/
uAsmESifhqdkifaom uAsmhoabmw&m;? uAsmhtwwfynmrsm;ukdvnf; tuRrf;w0if

1
bkef;Edkif(wuúodkvf-)? 2012? 264/
J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A 937

&SdcJholvnf; jzpfonf/ pmayoabmw&m;qdkif&m pmtkyfrsm;udkvnf; a&;om;

cJhonf/
vD&em? **Fg? {&m0wD (uAsmhocFg&ESifhed,mr)pmtkyfrSmrl (11)ESpfMumrQ
tpOftqufaqmif;yg;tjzpf a&;om;cJhjcif;jzpfonfhtavsmuf uAsmhoabmw&m;
rsm;udk eufeuf½Idif;½Idif; avhvmwifjyxm;onfudk awGU&ygonf/ uAsmonf
rnfonfhtcgrQ rukefcef;Ekdifaom tusKd;w&m;wkdYudk ay;Ekdifonf [laom
oabmudk xif&Sm;apygonf/ wuúodkvfbkef;Ekdifonf uAsmESifhywfoufaom
taemufwdkif;pmayrsm;udk pl;pkdufavhvmcJholyDyD vlwkdY\ yifudkpdwfoP²mefü
&Sdaeaom cspfjcif;? rkef;jcif;? aMumuf&GHUjcif;? &J&ifhjcif;? tHhMojcif; ponfh
cHpm;rIrsm;onf uAsmtygt0if tEkynmypönf;wpfckckaMumifh ydkícHpm;rI
jrifhwufvmaponfhoabmudk tjrifh*kPftjzpf &Sif;vif;wifjy&mü taemufwdkif;
t,ltqrsm;ESifh qufpyfwifjycJhonf/
þpmtkyfwGif pma&;olonf uAsmqdkonfrSm avmu\trSefw&m;udk
azmfjyaom tEkynmypönf; jzpfonf/ xdktrSefw&m;onf cHpm;rIrSvmaom
cHpm;rItrSefw&m; jzpfonf/ uAsmhopöm[kvnf; ac:onf/ xdkoabmudk
taemufwdkif;ynm&SifwkdY\ t,ltqrsm;ESifh taemufwdkif;uAsmrsm;udk udk;um;í
&Sif;vif;wifjyxm;ygonf/
uAsmwGif toHonfvnf; ta&;ygonfhtavsmuf uAsmESifhtoHwdkY\
oabmudkvnf; wifjyxm;onf/ jrefrmuAsmwGif um&efukd tav;xm;í
tpOftvmuAsmtjzpf a&;zGJUcJhMuonf/ uAsmhocFg&ESifh ed,mrwkdYtaMumif;
wifjy&mü þavmuonfvnf; ocFg&"r®ESifh ruif;Edkif/ odkYjzpfonfhtavsmuf
uAsmüvnf; ocFg& &Sdonf/ yk*Hacwf? tif;0acwfrS pwifay:aygufvmaom
uAsmtpOftvmvrf;aMumif;? uAsmzGJUenf;zGJUxHk;wdkYonf acwfumvtavsmuf
ajymif;vJvmcJhonf/ uAsmwGif aw;xyfü 18 ydk'f &Sd&rnf/ av;vHk;pyf
uAsmwGif 4-3-2 um&ef nD&rnf? &wkwGif tcsDtcsnD&rnf ponfh xHk;enf;rsm;
&Sdonf/ ,if;tpOftvmrsm;onf uAsmhed,mrrsm; jzpfMuonf/ uAsmhed,mr
rsm;onf acwfumvtavsmuf ajymif;vJEdkifonf/ okdY&mwGif ajymif;vJonf
qdk&müvnf; ed,mrqdkonfh tpOftvmenf;udk xifovdk azmufzsufí
r&Edkifay/ xdrf;odrf;rIoabmwGif &Sd&rnf[k pma&;olu wifjycJhygonf/
938 J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A

wuúokdvfbkef;Ekdifonf uAsmhoabmw&m;rsm;udk tqifhqifh&Sif;vif;

wifjy&mwGif taemufwkdif;pmay t,ltqrsm;udk tajccHí udk;um;wifjy
xm;onf/ uAsmhoabmw&m;rsm;udk taemufwdkif;ynm&SifwdkY\tjrifESifh wifjy½Hk
omru jrefrmuAsmwdkY\ tqifhtwef;udk xkdpHEIef;rsm;jzifh EIdif;,SOfí &Sif;vif;
wifjyxm;yHkrSm av;pm;zG,f aumif;vSygonf/

ed*Hk;
wuúokdvfbkef;Ekdifonf tEkynmpG,fpHk& pma&;q&mBuD; jzpfygonf/
uAsmESifhywfoufí oljyKpkaom pmayoabmw&m;wdkif;ü tao;pdwf &Sif;vif;
wifjyxm;ygonf/ taemufwdkif;pmayynm&SifwdkY\ t,ltqbufodkY tav;
ay;onf[k xif&aomfvnf; jrefrmpmayynm&Sifrsm;? pmqdkrsm;udk av;pm;ol
jzpfaMumif; od&ygonf/ wuúodkvfbkef;Ekdif\ acwfay:uAsmqdkif&m uAsmh
oabm? uAsmhtjrifrsm;udkvnf; qufvufí okawoejyKpkoifhygonf[k
xifjrifrdygonf/
J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2019 Vol. XVII. No. 6A 939

usrf;ud;k pm&if;

jrefrmbmom
cifrif? armif("EkjzL)/ (2013)/ bmomESifhpmay? pmayESifhbmom/ &efukef?
uHhaumf0wf&nfpmay/
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aZmf*sD/ (2004)/ uAsmaygif;csKyf/ &efukef/
wm&m('*kef-)/ (2004)/ tvSaA'(2)/ &efukef? qkpmtkyfwkduf/
bkef;Edkif(wuúodkvf-)/ (1994)/ cyfodrf;uvsm ½IzG,fomwnf;(yxrwGJ)/ &efukef?
a&wrmpmay/
bkef;Edkif(wuúodkvf-)/ (1994)/ cyfodrf;uvsm ½IzG,fomwnf;('kwd,wGJ)/ &efukef?
a&wrmpmay/
bkef;Edkif(wuúodkvf-)/ (2012)/ tjrifhodkYtm½HkñGefYwufjcif; (odkYr[kwf) uAsm/ &efukef?
uHhaumf0wf&nfpmay/
bkef;Edkif(wuúodkvf-)/ (2012)/ vD&em **Fg {&m0wD/ &efukef? uHhaumf0wf&nfpmay/
rif;ok0Pf/ (1997)/ uAsmaygif;csKyf/ &efukef? pmayavmupmtkyfwkduf/
jrZif/ (1998)/ uAsmhe&DESifh edrdwfyHk/ &efukef? rHka&G;pmay/
a&Tatmif? OD;/ (2003)/ &opmay\&o('kwd,tBudrf)/ &efukef? &mjynfhpmtkyfwdkuf/
a0zefa&;pmaypmwrf;rsm;(yxrwGJ)/ (1986)/ &efukef? pmayAdrmefyHkESdyfwdkuf/

t*Fvdyfbmom
C, Day Lewis. The Poetic Image London. Fakenbum and Reading.
The Nature of the Literature. Herbert Read.