1 English 10 Friends Global Teacher: Pham Son Bien

CẤU TRÚC CHUYỂN ĐỔI QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN  HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH
mốc thời gian - khi nào? - since
1. S + last + V2/ed + … thời gian + ago. khoảng thời gian - dài bao lâu? - for
“Ai làm gì lần cuối” in + mốc thời gian
when S+ V2/Ved + O
→S +hasn’t / haven’t + V3/ed + … for + khoảng thời gian.
“Ai đã không làm gì kể từ lúc nào” since + mốc thời gian
since + S+ V2/Ved + O
= It has been/ It's been
→It’s + thời gian + since + S + last + V2/ed + O “Đã bao lâu kể từ lúc ai làm gì lần cuối”
→The last time + S + V2/ed + … + was + khoảng thời gian + ago
“Lần cuối cùng ai làm gì là cách đây bao lâu”
Examples:
I haven’t visited London for a long time
I last visited London a long time ago.
= ____________________________________________________________________________________
It's a long time since I last visited London
= ____________________________________________________________________________________
The last time I visited London was a long time ago
= ____________________________________________________________________________________

= ____________________________________________________________________________________

2. This is the first time + S + have/ has + V3/ed + O “Đây là lần đầu tiên ai làm gì”
→S + hasn’t/ haven’t + V3/ed + O + before “Ai chưa từng làm gì trước đây”
→ S + has/ have + never + V3/ed + O + before “Ai chưa bao giờ làm gì trước đây”

Examples
We have never visited this city before
This is the first time we have visited this city
= ____________________________________________________________________________________
2 English 10 Friends Global Teacher: Pham Son Bien

3. S + began/started + Ving/ To V+ …. khoảng thời gian + ago.

in + mốc thời gian.
“Ai bắt đầu làm gì cách đây bao lâu/ vào lúc nào”
→S + has / have + V3/ed + …. + for + khoảng thời gian.
since + mốc thời gian.
“Ai đã làm gì khoảng bao lâu/từ lúc nào”
Examples
She started to learn Spanish 4 years ago
She began learning Spanish 4 years ago
= ____________________________________________________________________________________
She has learned/learnt for 4 years

4. When + did + S+ V? “Khi nào ai làm gì?”

→How long + have/ has + S + V3/ed + …? “Ai đã làm gì được bao lâu?”
→ How long + is it/ has it been + since + S + V2/ed ? “Từ lúc ai làm gì đã được bao lâu
rồi?”
Examples
When were you in 10th Grade?
How long have you been in 10th Grade?
= ____________________________________________________________________________________
How long has it been since you were in 10th Grade
= ____________________________________________________________________________________

EXERCISES
1. They began to learn French two years ago.
→They have __________________________________________________
learned french for two years ago
2. My father started to give up smoking last year.
→My father has _____________________________________________________
given up smoking since last year
3. He began to give up smoking last year.
→He has ___________________________________________________________
he has given up smoking since last year
4. They began to live in Ho Chi Minh City in 2000.
→They have__________________________________________________________
lived in ho chi minh city since 2000
5. He started to learn how to play the piano in 2005.
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→He has __________________________________________________________

learned how to play the piano since 2005
6. When did you start learning English?
→How long __________________________________________________________
have you started learning english ?
7. How long have you learnt English?
→When _____________________________________________________________
did you learn english ?
8. When did you first know Maryam?
→How long is is ________________________________________________________
it since you first knew maryam ?
9. When did people first use the telephone?
→How long is ________________________________________________________
it since people first used the telephone ?
10. When did you start saving money?
→How long _________________________________________________________
have you started saving money ?
11. The last time I wrote to her was two years ago.
→I haven’t ___________________________________________________________
written to her for 2 years
12. It hasn’t rained for two months.
→The last time _______________________________________________________
it rained was 2 months ago
13. I last talked to her in 2004.
→I haven’t ___________________________________________________________
talked to her since 2004
14. It has been a long time since Lan left her school.
→Lan has ___________________________________________________________
left her school for a long time
15. He hasn’t written to me for two months.
→It has been two _________________________________________________________
months since he last wrote to me
16. She last heard that song three years ago.
→It’s three years__________________________________________________________
since she last heard that song
17. It’s two years since I saw her.
→I haven’t____________________________________________________________
seen her for two years
18. It’s ten years since Nam stopped playing the piano.
→Nam hasn’t ________________________________________________________
played the piano for 10 years
19. Mary was last seen 20 minutes ago.
→Mary hasn’t ________________________________________________________
been seen for 20 minutes
20. The last time I saw David was in 1995
→I haven’t seen ___________________________________________________________
David since 1995

21. We haven’t been to a concert for over a year.

→The last time______________________________________________________
we went to a concert was over a year ago
22. Your birthday party was the last time I really enjoyed myself.
→ I haven’t _________________________________________________________
really enjoyed myself since your birthday party
23. It’s nearly 20 years since my father saw his brother.
→My father hasn’t seen_____________________________________________________
his brother for nearly 20 years
~about
4 English 10 Friends Global Teacher: Pham Son Bien
S + have/has + been to + nơi chốn => đi nhưng chưa về
S + have/has + gone to + nơi chốn => đi và đã về

24. Tom went to Scotland last Friday and is still there.

→Tom has___________________________________________________________
been to Scotland since last Friday
25. When did you last ride a bike?
→How long is it____________________________________________________?
since you last rode a bike
26. The last time I went swimming was when I was in France.
→I haven’t_________________________________________________
27. You haven’t tidied up this room for weeks.
→It’s_________________________________________________
28. He was last in touch with me three weeks ago.
→He hasn’t_________________________________________________
29. Mr John hasn’t visited France since 1990.
→Mr John last_________________________________________________
30. It last rained three weeks ago.
→It’s__________________________________________________________
31. I haven’t eaten this kind of food before.
→This is the first_________________________________________________

WORD FORM
1. pain (n) nỗi đau, cơn đau
pained (adj) đau khổ (về tình cảm)
painful (adj) đau khổ (về thể xác hoặc trí não) >< painless (adj) không đau đớn

2. injure (v) làm tổn thương, làm hại, làm bị thương

injured (adj) bị thương >< uninjured (adj) không bị thương
injurious (adj) gây tổn thương
injury (n) sự làm hại, vết thương

3. notice (v) chú ý, (n) thông báo

noticeable (adj) đáng chú ý
unnoticed (adj) không ai để ý, bị làm ngơ
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noticeably (adv) đáng chú ý

4. blood (n) máu

bloodless (adj) không có máu; không đổ máu; tái nhợt; lạnh lùng
bloody (adj) đẫm máu; tàn bạo; đỏ như máu
bleed (v) chảy máu, mất máu
bleeding (adj) chảy máu; (n) sự chảy máu

5. serious (adj) nghiêm túc, nghiêm trọng

seriousness (n) tính nghiêm trọng, sự nghiêm trọng
seriously (adv) một cách nghiêm trọng

6. shock (n) sự kích động, sự sửng sốt, cú sốc; (v) gây sốc
shocker (n) tác phẩm giật gân rẻ tiền; người gây sốc
shocked (adj) sốc (cảm giác)
shocking (adj) gây sốc (vật)
shockingly (adv) cực kì

7. bad (adj) tệ
badly (adv) tệ
worse (adj) tệ hơn
worst (adj) tệ nhất
worsen (v) làm cho tệ đi

8. usual (adj) thông thường, thường lệ >< unusual (adj) bất thường, không quen
usually (adv) >< unusually (adv)

9. appear (v) xuất hiện >< disappear (v) biến mất

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appearance (n) sự xuất hiện , ngoại hình

reappear (v) lại xuất hiện, lại hiện ra
reappearance (n) sự xuất hiện lại

10. science (n) khoa học

scientist (n) nhà khoa học
scientific (adj) khoa học, có hệ thống >< unscientific (adj) không khoa học
scientifically (adv) một cách có khoa học

11. gene (n) gen

genetic (adj) thuộc di truyền

12. order (n) thứ tự, trật tự >< disorder (n) không trật tự
ordered (adj) có trật tự ≠ disordered (adj) không có trật tự
orderly (adv) một cách có trật tự ≠ disorderly (adv) lộn xộn

13. fortune (n) may mắn >< misfortune (n) xui xẻo
fortunate (adj) may mắn ≠ unfortunate (adj) xui xẻo
fortunately ≠ unfortunately (adv)

14. cure (v) chữa bệnh, điều trị; (n) cách chữa bệnh, cách điều trị, phương thuốc
cured (adj) được chữa trị
curable (adj) có thể chữa trị ≠ incurable (adj) không thể chữa trị
curative (adj) trị bệnh, chữa bệnh

15. difficult (adj) khó

difficulty (n) sự khó khan
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16. danger (n) sự nguy hiểm

endanger (v) gây nguy hiểm
endangered (adj) bị đe doạ
dangerous (adj) nguy hiểm