LECTURE 6

SECTIONAL VIEWS AND PICTORIAL DRAWINGS

SECTIONAL VIEWS
 SECTIONAL VIEWS
Sectional views commonly called sections are used for 3 main
purposes :

- To show interior detail that is too complicated

(containing many hidden lines) to be shown clearly by regular views.

- To document how multiple parts are to be assembled or built.

- To facilitate dimensioning
CUTTING-PLANE
LINES
 CUTTING-PLANE LINES
• Cutting-plane lines are used to show the location of cutting planes
for sectional views.

• Types of cutting-plane lines :

It is used if the cutting plane

line would hide important
details in the drawing
 CUTTING-PLANE LINES
• The direction of the arrow indicates the direction of sight.
 CUTTING-PLANE LINES
• The cutting-plane line can be omitted when it corresponds to the
center line of the part and it is obvious where the cutting plane lies
 SECTION LINING
• Section lining, sometimes referred to as crosshatching,
can serve a double purpose :

- To indicate the surface that has been theoretically cut

and makes it stand out clearly, thus helping the observer to understand
the shape of the object.

- To indicate the material of the object.

 SECTION LINING
• Examples :
 SECTION LINING
• The lines for section lining are thin and are usually drawn
at angle 45° to the major outline of the object.
 SECTION LINING

• If section lines drawn at 45° with horizontal would be

parallel or perpendicular (or nearly so) to a prominent
visible outline, the angle should be changed to
30°, 60° or some other angle.
SECTION LINING
 SECTION LINING

• Symbols for section lining

No. Figure Purpose
1.
IRON AND GENERAL
– Purpose use for all
materials

2.
CORK, FELT, FABRIC,
LEATHER, FIBER

3.
MARBLE, SLATE,
PORCELAIN, GLASS,
ETC.
No. Figure Purpose
4.
BRONZE, BRASS,
COPPER AND
COMPOSITIONS

5.
STEEL

6.
EARTH
No. Figure Purpose
7.
MAGNESIUM,
ALUMINIUM AND
ALUMINIUM ALLOYS

8.

ROCK

9.
SOUND
INSULATION
No. Figure Purpose
10.
WHITE METAL, ZINC,
LEAD, BABBIT, AND
ALLOYS

11.
SAND

12.
RUBBER, PLASTIC,
ELECTRICAL
INSULATION
No. Figure Purpose
13.

CONCRETE

14.

WOOD

15.

WATER AND
OTHER LIQUIDS
 SECTION LINING
• Sections that are too thin for effective section lining, such as
sheetmetal items, packing, and gaskets, may be shown without
section lining, or the area may be filled in completely
 FULL SECTIONS
• When the part is cut fully in half, the resulting view is called a full section.
FULL SECTIONS
 HALF SECTIONS
• A half section is a view of an assembly or object, usually symmetrical, showing
one-half of the view in section.

• A half section exposes the interior for one half of the object and
the exterior of the other half.
• Remember! The wording, half section, can be confusing because one thinks of
showing half the part. Remember, a half section shows one-fourth of the part,
not one half!
 HALF SECTIONS
• The cutting plane cuts halfway to the axis or center of the object.
A quarter of the object is imagined to be removed.
• Example :
OFFSET SECTIONS
OFFSET SECTIONS
PICTORIAL
DRAWINGS
Introduction
• Learn how to construct three types of pictorial drawings :
Examples :
Isometric Drawings
• An axonometric pictorial drawing for which the angle
between axes equals 120 degrees and the scale used is full
scale

• Isometric axes can be positioned in a number of ways to

create
different views of the same object

• Regular isometric is the most common type

Isometric Drawings
• True length distances can only be measured along isometric
lines, that is, lines that run parallel to any of the isometric axes
Isometric Drawings
 Isometric Drawings
• Dimensioning for production purposes :

• Dimensions per ANSI standards

• Dimension lines, extension lines, and lines dimensioned shall lie in

the same plan

• All dimensions and notes should be unidirectional, reading from the

bottom upward and outside the view
 Isometric Drawings
• Dimensioning for illustration purposes :

• Use the aligned method

• Dimension lines, extension lines, and lettering are all draw in the
plane of one of the faces of the object

• Takes on more of a pictorial look

 Isometric Drawings
• Constructing an isometric drawing using the Boxing-In Method:
 Isometric Drawings
• What if you have non-isometric lines?
 Isometric Drawings

• What if you have curves?

- Use the offset coordinate method