1. Say the main characteristics of arteries.

Have a circular cross section, thick elastic walls and transport

blood from the heart to the organs. They branch off into thinner
vessels called arterioles.
2. Say the main characteristics of veins.
Have an oval cross section and thin less elastic wall than
arteries. They transport blood from the organs to the heart. They
have valves to prevent the reverse blood flow. They are formed
by the joining together of venules.
3. Name the functions of the blood.
- Transport substances.
- Defend the body.
- Regulate the body temperature.
4. Name the functions of the:
- Erythrocytes: transport oxygen and carbon dioxide.
- Leucocytes: defend the body against infections and
tumor cells.
- Platelets: are involved in blood clotting
5. Write the path of a red blood cell from the right ventricle to the
right ventricle passing through the pancreas.
Right ventricle- semilunar valve- pulmonary artery- arterioles- lung
capillaries- venules-pulmonary veins- left atrium- mitral valve- left
ventricle- semilunar valve- aorta artery- pancreatic artery-arterioles-
pancreatic capillaries- venules- pancreatic vein- inferior vena cava -
right atrium- tricuspid valve

6. Name the function of the pulmonary circuit.

Its function is to transport blood to the lungs to oxygenate it and
to expell the carbon dioxide.
7. Name the function of the systemic circuit.
Its function is to transport
nutrients and oxygen to the cells and to remove carbon dioxide
and waste products from them in order to be expelled.
8. Name the function of the lymphatic system.
- Remove the excess of interstitial fluid.
- Transport fats.
- Defend the organism by producing white blood cells.
 9. Name the liquids of the internal environment.
interstitial fluid, lymph, blood.
10. Explain the function of the valves in the circulatory system.
The function is to prevent the reverse blood flow.
11. Name the stages of the urine formation indicating the place of
the nephron where they take place.
- Filtration: in the glomerulus.
- Reabsorption: in the renal tubule.
- Secretion: in the last part of the renal tubule.
12. Name all the excretory organs.
liver, sweat glands, lungs, kidneys.
13. Name the stages of the cardiac cycle indicating what
happens in each one of them.
- Atrial systole: the atria contract and force the blood towards
the ventricles through the open tricuspid and mitral valve.
- Ventricular systole: the ventricles contract, mitral and
tricuspid valve close and the blood passes towards the
semilunar valves into the pulmonary and aorta artery.
- Diastole: atria and ventricles are relaxed, semilunar valves
are closed and blood enters into the heart from the veins.
14. Define systole, diastole and cardiac cycle.
Systole: the contraction movement of the heart.
Diastole: dilatation movements of the heart.
Cardiac cycle: the sequence of contraction and dilatation
movements of the heart.