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    محمد عدنان مصطفى
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    The document discusses centroids, which are the mean positions of all points in a shape or body. The centroid is the point where a cut-out could be balanced on a pencil, assuming uniform density. For uniform density, the centroid and center of mass are identical. Centroids are calculated based on whether the shape is a line or area. Common geometric shapes and their centroids are presented, including rectangles, triangles, circles, semicircles, and composite areas. An example problem finds the centroid of a composite shaded area by dividing it into elementary shapes and calculating the weighted sum of the x- and y-coordinates.

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    The document discusses centroids, which are the mean positions of all points in a shape or body. The centroid is the point where a cut-out could be balanced on a pencil, assuming uniform density. For uniform density, the centroid and center of mass are identical. Centroids are calculated based on whether the shape is a line or area. Common geometric shapes and their centroids are presented, including rectangles, triangles, circles, semicircles, and composite areas. An example problem finds the centroid of a composite shaded area by dividing it into elementary shapes and calculating the weighted sum of the x- and y-coordinates.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    5 views4 pages

    13th Lecture

    Uploaded by

    محمد عدنان مصطفى
    The document discusses centroids, which are the mean positions of all points in a shape or body. The centroid is the point where a cut-out could be balanced on a pencil, assuming uniform density. For uniform density, the centroid and center of mass are identical. Centroids are calculated based on whether the shape is a line or area. Common geometric shapes and their centroids are presented, including rectangles, triangles, circles, semicircles, and composite areas. An example problem finds the centroid of a composite shaded area by dividing it into elementary shapes and calculating the weighted sum of the x- and y-coordinates.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 4

    Al-Najaf Technical Institute Engineering Mechanics

    Civil Techniques Department


    Second semester St
    1 . Academic year, 2020-2021

    Centroids
    Centroid: is the mean position of all the points in all of the coordinate
    directions. Informally, it is the point at which a cardboard cut-out of the region could
    be perfectly balanced on the tip of a pencil, assuming uniform density. The term
    centroid is used when the calculation concerns a geometrical shape only. If the
    density is uniform throughout the body, the positions of the centroid and center of
    mass are identical, whereas if the density varies, these two points will, in
    general, not coincide. The calculation of centroids falls within two dimensions,
    depending on whether we can model the shape of the body involved as a line and
    area.
    ‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺜﻘﻞ‬
    ‫ ھﻲ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﺠﺴﻢ ﻣﻮازﻧﺘﮫ‬, ً ‫ ﻧﻈﺮﯾﺎ‬. ‫ھﻮ اﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ اﻟﻤﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻟﺠﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﻨﻘﺎط ﻓﻲ ﻛﺘﻠﺔ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ وﻣﻦ ﺟﻤﯿﻊ اﻻﺗﺠﺎھﺎت‬

    ‫ وﻓﻲ ھﺬه اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻜﻮﻧﺎن اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻰ و ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬.‫ﻋﻨﺪ اﺳﻨﺎده ﻓﻲ ﺗﻠﻚ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﺄﻓﺘﺮاض ان اﻟﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﻣﻮﺣﺪة واﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﻣﺘﺠﺎﻧﺲ‬
    ‫ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎم ﻟﻦ ﺗﺘﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬، ‫ اﻣﺎ اذا ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻛﺜﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺘﺠﺎﻧﺴﺔ ﻓﺈن ھﺎﺗﯿﻦ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ‬.‫ﺛﻘﻞ اﻟﻜﺘﻠﺔ ﻣﺘﻄﺎﺑﻘﺘﺎن‬

    Centroids of Determined by Integration Determined by composition


    𝑏
    𝐴𝑋̅ = ∫ 𝑥𝑐 dA
    𝑎 𝐴𝑋̅ = 𝛴𝑎𝑥𝑐
    areas 𝑏
    𝐴𝑌̅ = 𝛴𝑎𝑦𝑐
    𝐴𝑌̅ = ∫ 𝑦𝑐 dA
    𝑎
    𝑏
    𝐿𝑋̅ = ∫ 𝑥𝑐 𝑑𝑙 𝐿𝑋̅ = 𝛴𝑙𝑥𝑐
    Lines 𝑎
    𝑏
    𝐿𝑌̅ = 𝛴𝑙𝑦𝑐
    𝐿𝑌̅ = ∫ 𝑦𝑐 𝑑𝑙
    𝑎

    56
    Assist. Lec. : Hussein A. Jaaz Engineering Mechanics
    Al-Najaf Technical Institute
    Civil Techniques Department

    Centroids of Common Geometric Shapes


    Name of Shape Geometric Shapes Area and Centroid

    A=bd
    Rectangle ̅ =𝟏b
    𝑿
    𝟐
    𝟏
    ̅= d
    𝒀
    𝟐

    𝟏
    A= bh
    𝟐
    Triangle ̅
    𝑿= b%
    ̅ =𝟏h
    𝒀
    𝟑

    A=πr2
    Circle ̅ =0
    𝑿
    ̅ =0
    𝒀

    𝟏
    A= πr2
    𝟐
    Semicircle ̅
    𝑿=0
    𝟒𝒓
    ̅=
    𝒀
    𝟑𝝅

    L= 𝝅𝒓
    Semicircular Arc
    ̅ =𝟐𝒓
    𝑿
    𝝅
    ̅ =0
    𝒀

    𝟏
    A= πr2
    𝟒
    𝟒𝒓
    Quarter Circle ̅=
    𝑿
    𝟑𝝅
    𝟒𝒓
    ̅=
    𝒀
    𝟑𝝅

    57
    Assist. Lec. : Hussein A. Jaaz Engineering Mechanics
    Al-Najaf Technical Institute Engineering Mechanics
    St
    Civil Techniques Department 1 . Academic year, 2020-2021

    A=r2𝛉𝐫𝐚𝐝
    𝟐𝐫𝐒𝐢𝐧𝛉
    Sector of a Circle ̅=
    𝑿
    𝟑𝛉𝐫𝐚𝐝
    ̅ =0
    𝒀

    L=2r𝛉𝐫𝐚𝐝
    𝐫𝐒𝐢𝐧𝛉
    Circular Arc ̅=
    𝑿
    𝛉𝐫𝐚𝐝
    ̅ =0
    𝒀

    Ellipse A=πab
    ̅ =0
    𝑿
    ̅ =0
    𝒀

    𝟏
    A= 𝝅𝒂𝒃
    𝟐
    Half Ellipse ̅
    𝑿=0
    𝟒𝒃
    ̅=
    𝒀
    𝟑𝝅

    𝟏
    A= πab
    𝟒
    Quarter Ellipse 𝟒𝒂
    ̅=
    𝑿
    𝟑𝝅
    𝟒𝒃
    ̅=
    𝒀
    𝟑𝝅

    𝟐
    A= bh
    𝟑
    𝟑
    Parabolic Segment ̅= 𝒃
    𝑿
    𝟖
    𝟐
    ̅=
    𝒀 𝒉
    𝟓

    58
    Assist. Lec. : Hussein A. Jaaz Engineering Mechanics
    Al-Najaf Technical Institute Engineering Mechanics
    St
    Civil Techniques Department 1 . Academic year, 2020-2021

    Centroid of composite areas


    Example 44: Locate the centroid of the
    shaded area.

    Solution:
    The composite area is divided into the
    four elementary shapes shown in the
    figure.

    𝛴𝑎𝑥𝑐 959
    𝑋̅ = = = 7.50 𝑖𝑛
    𝐴 127.9
    𝛴𝑎𝑦𝑐 650
    𝑌̅ = = = 5.08 𝑖𝑛
    𝐴 127.9

    𝑎 𝑥𝑐 𝑦𝑐 𝛴𝑎𝑥𝑐 𝛴𝑎𝑦𝑐
    Part
    𝑖𝑛2 𝑖𝑛 𝑖𝑛 𝑖𝑛3 𝑖𝑛3
    1 120 6 5 720 600
    2 30 14 10/3 420 100
    3 -14.14 6 1.273 -84.8 -18
    4 -8 12 4 -96 -32
    Total 127.9 959 650

    59
    Assist. Lec. : Hussein A. Jaaz Engineering Mechanics

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