282 Irrigation Water Resources and Water Power Engineering

K 1
or = log e h2 / h1
A t´

K 2.30
or = log10 (h1/h2) …(6.69)
A t
Since h1, h2 and t´are measured in this test, the same are known and by introducing their
values in Eq. (6.69), the value of (K/A) can be calculated. (K/A) is known as the specific yield or
specific capacity of an open well which is defined as the volume of water that percolates into the
well per unit time per unit area under a unit depression head. The value of (K/A) is usually
expressed in cubic metre per hour per square metre of area under one metre depression head.
The approximate values of (K/A) for different types of soils as indicated by Marriot are given in
Table 6.4.
TABLE 6.4
(K/A)
3 2
Types of soil (m per hr per m of area under 1 m depression head)
Clay 0.25
Fine sand 0.50
Coarse sand 1.00
Knowing the value of (K/A) the rate of yield (or discharge) Q from a well under a constant
depression head H may be determined as follows:
From Eq. (ii), we have
Q = KH …(6.70)

K
or Q= AH
A

2.30AH
or Q= log10 (h1/h2) …(6.70a)
t
It may however be noted that in Eq. (6.70) if time t´ is in hours then Q will be in m3/hr and
if t´ is in seconds then Q will be in cumec. Further if H is the maximum depression head then
the corresponding value of Q obtained from Eq. (6.70) will be the maximum yield of the well.
However, if H is the average depression head, Q will be the average yield of the well.

6.20 METHODS OF CONSTRUCTION OF TUBE WELLS

1. Shallow Tube Wells. Shallow tube wells are constructed by boring, driving and jetting. The
wells constructed by these methods are designated as bored wells, driven wells and jetted wells.
These methods are briefly described below.
(i) Bored wells. Where water table exists at a shallow depth in an unconsolidated aquifer,
wells may be constructed by boring with hand operated or power driven augers. Hand operated
augers are available in different shapes and sizes but in general they have cutting blades at the
bottom that bore into the ground as the auger is rotated. When the blades are full of loose earth,
the auger is removed from the hole and emptied ; and the operation is repeated until the desired