genocide

#ngdom milia
 lack cell walls
able to make rapid responses
to external stimuli → bcs have nervous
Ñ88we8

÷ !÷! !÷ .in?::i
÷
coordination

heterotrophic
except sponged
photosynthetic
( organism able to produce sexually
non -

cells tissues organs

multicellular sponges ✓ specialized -

eukaryotic cells only

cnidarians ✓ ✓ -

" "" ✓
flatworms ✓ ✓

Features
of their life cycle

no of inner outer middle

tissue layers
mesoglea

Godly fYMMÑVY diploblastic endoderm ectoderm middle layer only

eg :
Cnidaria jelly substances

ectoderm mesoderm
endoderm muscle layer
triploblastic
◦

epithelium
,
◦
ointernal Organs circulatory and
◦ nervous tissue skeletal system

:*
ABSENCE OF SYMMETRY >
sponges forming irregular bodies

RADIAL SYMMETRY > Cnidarians } Echinoderms ( adult) Body LawÉTie8

BILATERAL SYMMETRY >
Phylum Arthropod a coelom body cavity
orientation :

fluid / air-filled space separating

digestive tract from outer body wall
'
d .

" 0

many show 309 r

:

CEPHALIZATION flatworms s
ectoderm

µ !I;n¥!:-/
→ simplest a Hail)
nervous tissues animal to cneaa )
,
ectoderm mesoderm
V separated BY
' Inchordates :
e >
' mesoderm pseudo ,, @ pom body cavities
this forms
'
brain n
+ endoderm
r
a
endoderm
↓
1 ,
limited
contact

&egM#Ñ↳N eg :
acoelomate
Gaon coelom)

flatworms
pseudocoelomate
( false

eg :
coelom)

roundworms limits
↓
specialization
SEGMENT =
similar repeated unit and development .

in the body
> invertebrates :
gastrovascular cavity with
single opening ( mouth eg simple digestive tract
' '

backbones
:

also functions asanas) (no stomach)

incomplete gut
ectoderm
mesoderm allow contact between
coelom
endoderm
} >
mesoderm and
endoderm

00010mate tract
s
digestive complex
.
and highly specialized
eg earthworms
:
↓
stomach
 "" """ "" "" " """ """

Polifeva @widarianccoeientrates Platyhelmintheg

multicellular differentiated cells diploblastic triploblastio

@ radial / absence symmetry radially symmetry bilateral symmetry

porous body body plan sessile polyp body flattened dorsoventrally

→

→
floating Medusa

[ some has sharp spicules (from Caco} or silica ) unsegmented

use tentacles containing onidooytes (stinging cells)

contains
&
nematocyst for
defense / capturing prey

↓ no
organs or true

( excretion / respiration by
diffusion)
tissues no circulatory excretory respiratory sytem
(only through
,

diffusion)
, no specialized organs for gas
exchange and circulation

excretory and Osmo regulatory consists of

protonephridia ,

lack

,
nervous system ↳ with flame cells ( ciliated cells)

gastrovascular cavity digestive compartment opening

'

intracellular digestion .
=
digestive system with one
(feed by flagellated choanocytes)

µ
>
lining the spongocoel , =
its single opening functions
flow of water
create a
through the as both mouth and anus
sponge with their flagella and trap
food with their collars .

* all aquatic ( mostly marine)

eg :
Hydra Obelia Aurelia ( large
, , jellyfish) ,
sea anemones ,
marine ,
freshwater damp terrestrial habitats

eg parasitic species
:
,

( fluke tapeworms)
eg Leuoosolenia sp
: .

coral box jellies

,
,

8
 PSEUDO e OELOM
Nematode ( nematodes / roundworms)

◦
triploblastic

0
pseudo coelo mates
( pseudo coelom act as hydrostatic skeleton)

◦ narrow bodies

cylindrical shape

unsegmented

body covered with thick elastic cuticle

◦
long unbranched gut with mouth and anus

o no
respiratory / circulatory system

oeg :
most are free living .

some parasites
◦ as Caris infect pigs and humans Can be .

longer than 30cm .

 E

÷ : : ÷ ÷÷÷! ÷ : ÷ " " " * ÷ ±

0M '

i..it÷?". ." ."f.f÷.: .i:÷.i".:f.; .;. ;..f:÷. .i÷.: .:i: i. . . . . .---

. ! ÷:: : ÷÷÷:÷÷ o bilateral symmetry larvae o bilateral symmetry

÷:÷:÷:÷::::"""* r
squid , nati / use

serially repeated
↓ certain structures are
shard exoskeleton
,

closed by Septa
secretes shell partially a .

> jointed appendages o have delicate epidermis contains thousands notochord stiff but flexible rod that
of neuro sensory cells
☐ =
provides internal
support .

muscular foot
↓
0 Ventral body > o
body covered with cuticle (exoskeleton) made of = invertebrates :
present throughout life
chitin
vertebrae s :
present in embryos
only
◦ have radula ( except bivalves)
epidermis covers endoskeleton ossicle
molting for growth an
◦ 0 =

lack well ! developed

gratspingtounge Calcium )
head
made of hard
rich
-

like
" " ᵗ"
organ for feed ins
compound eyes ( visual unit ommatidia) dorsal hollow cord fluid-filled tube of nerve tissue that
.

o =
☐ nerve :

o marine segmented worms ; runs the length of animals

→ well defined head in sense organs ( dorsal to notochord)
◦
respiration organ =
gills
→ each segment has a pair of paddlelike parapodia : adult =
present
↓ embryo present
:
=

◦
nitrogenous waste removed by metanephridia o aquatic have gills
0 water vascular system : movement
each has setae
:

feeding
have trachea and book 99s exchange
◦ terrestrials :
lungs 0
pharyngeal gill slits =
pairs of
opening through pharynx
ring canal at central leech lack setae
0
; =
invertebrate use to filter food
disk flattened body
o
excretory system -

malphigian tubules
=
juvenile fishes breathing :

g- radial canal suckers at anterior and posterior =

adult fishes :
gill slits > true gills
↓ excretory tubules =
metanephridia =
reptiles bird , ,
mammals :
gill slits vestige
tube feet :
embryo only

0 blocks of muscle ( myotome) =

surrounding notochords or
nerve cords

0 postanal tail :
notochord , nerve cord by myotomes extend to it
:
some time during a chordate's development