SAMPLING

Sampling
The process of using a
small number of items or
parts of larger population
to make a conclusions
about the whole population

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SAMPLING
Reasons for Sampling
● Necessity: Sometimes it’s
simply not possible to study
the whole population due to
its size or inaccessibility.
● Practicality: It’s easier and
more efficient to collect data
from a sample.
Division of General Trias City
● Cost-effectiveness: There
are fewer participant,
laboratory, equipment, and
researcher costs involved.
● Manageability: Storing and
running statistical analyses
on smaller datasets is easier
and reliable.
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SAMPLE SIZE DETERMINATION
Slovin’s Formula:
 Margin of Error
Measures the maximum
amount by which the
sample results are expected
to differ from those of
actual population.

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SAMPLE SIZE DETERMINATION
Sample Size Determination
For example, suppose that a group
of 1,000 public school teachers
from the Division of General Trias
City needs to be surveyed to find out
their perception in limited face to
face classes. For this survey, a margin
of error of 0.05 is considered
sufficiently accurate.
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SAMPLE SIZE DETERMINATION

http://www.raosoft
.com/samplesize.h
tml

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SAMPLING TECHNIQUES

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SAMPLING TECHNIQUES

Probability Sampling Non-Probability Sampling

• involves random • involves non-random

selection, allowing you selection based on
to make strong statistical convenience or other
inferences about the criteria, allowing you to
whole group. easily collect data.

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Probability Sampling
Example 1 Example 2 Example 3
Simple Random Sampling
Population Set of all Set of all Set of all
 Simple Random Sampling (SRS) is students faculty employees
applicable when the population is enrolled in members in a in a
homogeneous and that all of the STEM strand university company
units are given equal chances to be Obtain a 100 students 50 names of 50
selected as sample Simple from the list faculty employees
Random of all members by using
Sample students by corresponding draw lots
using to the random
calculator. numbers
generated by
computer.

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Probability Sampling
Stratified Random Sampling Example 1
 Used when the population is Population Set of all SHS
heterogeneous. The population is students in Cavite
first divided into homogeneous
Group/ 23
subgroups called strata and then a Cities/Municipalities
Strata
random sample of units will be in Cavite
selected from each stratum. The
Obtain a 100 SHS students
selection can be done in two ways: Simple from each of the
Proportional Allocation (PA) and Random municipalities
Equal Allocation (EA). Sample (Equal Allocation)
Sample 100 students x 23
municipalities=2300
SHS selected students
Division of General Trias City
Example 2
Set of all Elementary
Students in GTC, Cavite
Each of the 75
Elementary Schools in
GTC
1000 Students from all
75 schools will be
selected depending on
the population of the
school
(Proportional Allocation)
A total of 1000 students
from 75 Elementary
Schools
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Probability Sampling
Systematic Sampling
 selecting every kth in the complete
list. K is called the sampling
interval. The formula for K is given
by: 𝐾 = 𝑁/𝑛; where
N=population and n=sample.
Division of General Trias City
Say a student wants to select 100 random
sample of students from the list of 1000
students. The process starts by identifying
the value of k, in this case
K=1000/100=10 as the sampling interval
and the number to start with will be
selected from 1 to 10 and then every 10th
in the list will be selected. If the student
randomly selected 5 as the random start,
then the samples would be 5, 15,
25,…until the student reached the 100
samples needed.
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Probability Sampling
Cluster Sampling Example 1 Example 2
 If the population is too large, cluster sampling
Population Set of all SHS Set of all
is being used. Like the stratified sampling, the
teachers in faculty
population is divided into subgroups called
Dasmarinas members in a
clusters (usually along geographic boundaries) City, Cavite university
then selecting a simple random sample of
clusters for which all the units in the selected Obtain a 10 schools 5
clusters will be considered. Simple offering departments
Random Senior High
Sample School (SHS)

Sample All SHS All faculty

teachers in members of
the selected the selected
schools departments

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Probability Sampling
Multi-Stage Sampling
 Combination of the different
type of sampling techniques
Division of General Trias City
● In multistage sampling, you always go from
higher-level to lower-level clusters at each stage.
The clusters are often referred to as sampling
units.
● At the first stage, you divide up the population
into clusters and select some of them: these are
your primary sampling units (PSUs).
● At the second stage, you divide up your PSUs
into further clusters, and select some of them
as your secondary sampling units (SSUs).
● You can end at the second stage, or continue
this process with as many stages as you need.
In the last stage, you’ll get to your final sample
of ultimate sampling units (USUs).
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Non-Probability Sampling
Convenience Sampling
 type of non-probability
sampling where the samples
are selected from a population
that is easy to reach. It is
usually being utilized in poll
surveys or pilot testing.
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● If a student is interested in the effect of
caffeine on the study habits of all SHS
students, the research requires to ask all
the SHS students nationwide. A
convenience sample would be a large set
of SHS students in the institution where
the student is enrolled.
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Non-Probability Sampling

Purposive Sampling
 the selection is based on the
purpose or objective of the
study and characteristics of
the population.

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Non-Probability Sampling

Quota Sampling
 This should be done tailoring
the proportion to the
characteristics or traits of the
population.
• A researcher is interested in
comparing the differences in career
goals between male and female
students of a university. Say 50 male
and 50 female students to represent
the two groups.

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Non-Probability Sampling
Snowball Sampling
 This purposive sampling is
also known as the referral
sampling or networking. The
samples are selected by
recruiting acquaintances who
meet the criteria of
inclusion.
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• A resident doctor is conducting a
research about a certain disease. The
doctor then identified one victim of the
disease and from that one person, he
was able to identify many respondents
by the referral of the first victim he
selected.
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