LANGUAGE OF RESEARCH;
CAMPAIGNS AND ADVOCACIES
Research
- Is a systematic investigation and
study of materials and sources in
order to establish facts and reach
new conclusions (Oxford
Dictionary)
- Through research, you can
investigate an issue then discuss
findings and propose solutions or
options to address the issue. You
can extend your efforts through
campaigns and advocacies.
BASICS in the language of
Campaigns and advocacies
● A campaign is any series of actions
or events that are meant to achieve
a particular result.
● All campaigns, despite varying
purposes, are created using similar
structures as well as through the use
of language and persuasive
techniques in order to convince
audience to perform a certain action.
Some of the many types of campaigns
include:
Civil society campaign - a project intended
to mobilize public support in order to
instigate social change.
Political campaign - an organized effort
which seeks to influence the decision
making process within a specific group.
Advertising campaign - a series of
advertisement messages that share a single
idea and theme.
● The word “advocacy” comes from
the Latin ‘advocare’ and literally
means ‘to call out for support’
● Advocacy involves promoting the
interests or cause of someone or a
group of people. It generally involves
speaking or acting with the intention
of affecting or changing specific
policies, systems, or ideas.
● This change can occur in an array of
settings: governmental, health,
social, economic and legal, among
others.
● Advocacy is also about helping
people find their voice.
Some of the many types of advocacy to
enact change include:
Mass advocacy - organized and
orchestrated large groups (i.e. polls,
protests).
Media advocacy - using media as the
primary means to promote a specific cause.
Health advocacy - supporting the rights of
patients and improving the community of
people who care about patients.
Self-advocacy - motions taken by
individuals to support their own rights in the
workplace, schools, etc.
● Advocacies can be delivered
through campaigns in Social Media,
 TV, Commercials, YouTube and
other internet platforms. Just like the
project smile’s advocacy introduced
earlier, campaign activities were
conducted through facebook and
instagram accounts.
Think, Share and Act for an Advocacy
COVID-19 Pandemic
● Food production and distribution
disruption
● Devastating effects on health
outcomes
● Women’s gain at risk and increased
levels of violence against women
● Loss of income leading to vulnerable
segments of society and families to
fall below poverty line.
● Travel restrictions and tourism
paralysis
● Business closures, less work time
and unemployment for certain
occupations
● Delay of classes and remote
learning not accessible to some
● Restriction of outdoor leisure
activities
● Developing of anxiety and emotional
stress
THINK
What is other issues caused by COVID 19
pandemic were not mentioned?
SHARE
Which of the issues struck you the most?
What do you want to share about this
issue?
ACT
What specific steps can you take as a
student/Filipino citizen to address the issue
that struck you the most?
Plan for an advocacy
Here are the standards to follow:
Goal: Offer solutions or options to pressing
social concerns brought by the pandemic
Role: researcher, advocate
Audience: Filipino Youth
Situation: you are requested by the
national youth commission of the
Philippines to pass an advocacy plan. You
can choose from these types of advocacy:
mass advocacy, self-advocacy and health
advocacy.
Product: Advocacy Plan
Standard: Detailed/accomplished
worksheet advocacy plan
Advocacy worksheet plan
Purpose of the advocacy:
Introduction
● Start with the big idea.
● Think of a device that will get the
attention and interest of the
audience
● Highlight the significance of your
research by relating your topic to
your evidence.
● Discuss the significance of the
research and literature review.
Body
● Outline the findings of the research
● Use graphs and illustrations to
present your points clearly.

Conclusion
● Provide options or recommendations
concerning the issue you have
researched.
● Highlight your call to action.
● Talk about specific steps that your
audience can take in addressing the
issue locally.
(FL) CONTEXT OF TEXT DEVELOPMENT
(CONTEXT OF TEXT)
Context
The ability to use language is a unique
characteristic humans have. One of
language’s main functions is to denote
meaning.
Meaning attached in different forms of
language use is called context.
Context is created based on social,
situational, and cultural factors. Thus, it is
dynamic and dependent on learned
experiences.
Example:
A woman in her thirties, working from 5pm
to 8 am buys a 200-peso worth cup of
coffee
A teenage girl, malling from 5pm to 8pm
buys a 200-peso worth cup of coffee
In the example, two people are put in almost
the same situation, but meaning varies
greatly simply because these two people
have automatically different learned
experiences.
Text
A text is made of signs and symbols
systematized by grammar and organized in
logical language to properly present the
intended message.
A text presents content with the primary
purpose to communicate, and may come
in physical printed form, transferred oral
form, and other forms.
Example: books
Example:
- William Henry, A Great Time
Some texts are transferred orally and have
no written form. Examples of these are folk
songs, urban legends, myths, and epics.
Example:
“The Iliad”, a narration of events that
happened in the war between the Greeks
and the Trojans, was believed to have come
from a number of shorter poems, and is now
proven to be derived from centuries of oral
tradition.
Context of Text
A text cannot be interpreted without
context and context can not be expressed
without a text.
Context of Text: Context of Situation
Context of Situation or the register is
defined as the situation of the text where the
member of the culture associates meaning
➔ Field
➔ Tenor
➔ Mode
Field concerns the kind of action taking
place and its social nature where the
member of the culture associates meaning.
Example:
- Robert Browning, Grow Old Along
With Me
Tenor regards the interactive roles
involved in text creation where the member
of the culture associates meaning.
Example:
- Five For Fighting, Superman
Mode refers to the function of language in
the organization of the text where the
member of the culture associates meaning.
Example:
…Of all sad words of tongue or pen, the
saddest are these: “It might have been!”
- John Greenleaf Whittier, The
Saddest words from the poem Maud
Muller
Example:
- Ben Jonson, The Hour Glass
Field - extramarital affair, tragic love, and
death.
Tenor - one that loved and mistress;
lovers.
Mode - poetic language, strong imagery,
as depicted by word choice.
Context of Text: Context of Culture

Context of Culture or genre is defined as

the actions and the meanings produced and
associated by the members of a social
group in a certain environment.

Context of Culture or genre is the

perspective of the general belief, value
system, cultural paradigm, or ideology.

Example:

SUMMARY

- Ben Jonson, The Hour Glass

Given the register, we can conclude that the

genre of the poem shows the negative view
of society towards extramarital affair and
those who take part in such.

From this, we learn that context is viewed

based on:

1. Context of Situation - register,

immediate context, the social LANGUAGE OF RESEARCH,
situation in which the text is used; CAMPAIGNS AND ADVOCACIES

2. Context of Culture - genre, outer Research

context, the cultural environment in
which it functions.
- Is an imperative area in not just the
field of education, but in other fields
as well.
- It primarily focuses upon improving
quality and is a research for
knowledge (Kapur, 2018)
 - It shows how to make provisions of
solutions to a problem in a scientific
and methodical manner.
❖ Learning the language of research
can help you understand research
answer to important problems.
❖ It can also help you read academic
texts (and tests) more easily.
The Research Process
- Research starts with a question or a
problem.
- Researchers first find out what
others have already learned about
the subject.
- If the question has not been fully
answered, they figure out a way to
get more information.
- They may do further observations or
perform an experiment to test their
idea.
- Next, they analyze the data
(information) they have collected.
- Then they publish their procedures,
data, and conclusions.
- This allows other scientists to repeat
the experiments and double-check
the conclusions.
Example:
The “COVID-19 injectables” (best proof) of
clinical research is a double-blind trial. That
is an experiment with two (or more) groups
of people in which only one group receives
the drug or treatment being tested, the other
group gets a placebo. (A placebo is a “sugar
pill” or other treatment that looks and feels
like the experimental treatment but has no
active ingredients. Any effect it has are
psychological - because participants expect
it to work.)
● A “double-blind” experiment gets its
name because both the researchers
and the participants are “blind”
during the test.
● Nobody knows until the experiment
has finished which group got the
treatment and which group got an
inactive placebo.
● That helps prevent people’s
expectations from distorting (twisting
or changing) the results.
● The treatment being tested should
give significantly better results than
the placebo.
● If not, any apparent difference it
makes may be due to people’s
hopes and expectations.
● So, a double-blind trial is a way to
check the effectiveness of a
treatment.
● You will be encountering these
words in a research, like design,
data, significance, evidence
treatment, experiment, conclusions,
observations and statistics.
● Let us have them briefly for you to
be familiarized with these words of
research.
❖ Design - it is to plan (or a plan of)
how something will be made or
done.
❖ Data - these are collected facts or
information.
❖ Significance - these are important
data and meaningful findings in a
research.
❖ Evidence - observations or
information that can help solve a
crime or show whether something is
true or false.
❖ Treatment - it is the course of action
designed for research.
❖ Experiment - it is a test to see what
happened when all factors
(variables) but one is controlled.
❖ Conclusion - it is a summary of what
has been learned or shown at the
end of a study.
❖ Observation - it is looking carefully at
something.
❖ Statistics - it is the organization and
study of numerical data.

➢ There are several reasons research

results can be misleading
➢ There may be flaws in the research
design.
➢ Researchers may make mistakes
during the experiment or when
analyzing the data.
➢ They may even be biased; wanting
certain results so much that they
influence the results.
➢ Sometimes groups that might profit
from the results pay for the research
but only report it if they get the
results they want.
➢ Well, we have more research
languages. You can read more on or
from the internet to expand your
learnings about research.