LỚP HỌC ATT – CHUYÊN LUYỆN THI ĐẠI HỌC KHỐI A – A1 – B - D

Grammar
GERUNDS & STATE VERBS
1. PHÂN TỪ HOÀN THÀNH (PERFECT PARTICIPLES)
a. Cấu trúc Ví dụ:
* Dạ ng chủ độ ng: Having built
Having + PII (quá khứ phân từ)
* Dạ ng bị độ ng: Ví dụ:
Having + been + PII (quá khứ phân từ) Having been built
b. Cách dùng Ví dụ:
* Phâ n từ hoà n thà nh đượ c dù ng để rú t After she has finished all her homework,
gọ n câ u có hai mệnh đề vớ i chủ ngữ ở 2 she went out with her friends.
mệnh đề chỉ cù ng mộ t đố i tượ ng. → Having finished all her homework, she
went out with her friends.
(Sau khi hoàn thành hết bài tập về nhà, cô
ấy đã đi chơi với bạn bè.)
* Phâ n từ hoà n thà nh đượ c dù ng trong Ví dụ:
mệnh đề chỉ thờ i gian để nhấ n mạ nh mộ t Having received the letter, he left
hà nh độ ng xảy ra và hoàn thành trước immediately.
mộ t hà nh độ ng nố i tiếp khá c. (Sau khi nhận được bức thư, anh ta bỏ đi
ngay lập tức.)
* Phâ n từ hoà n thà nh đượ c dù ng trong Ví dụ:
mệnh đề phụ để giải thích lí do cho hà nh Having broken his arm, he couldn’t attend
độ ng trong mệnh đề chính. the competition.
(Do bị gãy tay nên anh ta không thể tham dự
cuộc thi.)
Chú ý: Cá c cá ch dù ng khá c nhau củ a phâ n
từ hoà n thà nh thườ ng đượ c dù ng phổ biến
trong vă n viết hơn là vă n nó i.

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 LỚP HỌC ATT – CHUYÊN LUYỆN THI ĐẠI HỌC KHỐI A – A1 – B - D

2. DANH ĐỘNG TỪ HOÀN THÀNH (PERFECT GERUNDS)

a. Cấu trúc Ví dụ:
* Dạ ng chủ độ ng: having suspected
Having + PII (quá khứ phân từ)
* Dạ ng bị độ ng: Ví dụ:
Having + been + PII (quá khứ phân từ) having been suspected
b. Cách dùng Ví dụ:
Chú ng ta sử dụ ng danh độ ng từ hoà n thà nh thay cho He admitted having stolen the
hình thứ c hiện tạ i củ a danh độ ng từ khi muố n nhấ n car.
mạ nh mộ t hà nh độ ng đã xả y ra trong quá khứ trướ c (Anh ta thừa nhận đã lấy cắp chiếc
hà nh độ ng củ a độ ng từ chính trong câ u. Cá ch dù ng xe ô tô.)
nà y thườ ng đi kèm sau cá c độ ng từ sau:
động từ + (tân ngữ) + giới từ + danh động từ Ví dụ:
hoàn thành The teacher praised her
- apologise for (xin lỗi về) students for having studied very
- congratulate sb on (chúc mừng ai về) hard.
- accuse sb of (buộc tội ai vì) (Cô giáo khen ngợi các học sinh vì
- admire sb for (ngưỡng mộ ai về) đã học hành rất chăm chỉ.)
- blame sb for (đổ lỗi cho ai về)
- criticise sb for (chỉ trích ai về)
- punish sb for (phạt ai vì)
- praise sb for (khen ngợi ai về)
- thank sb for (cảm ơn ai về)
- suspect sb of (nghi ngờ ai làm gì)
động từ + danh động từ hoàn thành Ví dụ:
- deny (phủ nhận đã làm gì) She regretted having lied to her
- admit (thừa nhận đã làm gì) parents about her grades.
- forget (quên đã làm gì) (Cô ấy hối hận vì đã nói dối bố mẹ
- mention (đề cập đã làm gì) về điểm số của mình.)
- remember (nhớ đã làm gì)

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 LỚP HỌC ATT – CHUYÊN LUYỆN THI ĐẠI HỌC KHỐI A – A1 – B - D

- recall (nhớ lại đã làm gì)

- regret (hối tiếc đã làm gì)
Chú ý: Tù y và o ngữ cả nh, chú ng ta có thể sử dụ ng Ví dụ:
danh độ ng từ đơn hay danh độ ng từ hoà n thà nh. Jack denied breaking the
Trong mộ t số trườ ng hợ p, chú ng ta có thể thấ y rõ window.
hà nh độ ng nà o xả y ra trướ c và vì thế chú ng ta chỉ (Jack phủ nhận đã làm vỡ cửa sổ.)
cầ n sử dụ ng danh độ ng từ đơn mà khô ng cầ n dù ng → Ta thấ y rõ hà nh độ ng “là m vỡ
danh độ ng từ hoà n thà nh để nhấ n mạ nh. cử a sổ ” xả y ra trướ c hà nh độ ng
“phủ nhậ n”.
Linda apologized for not having
finished the project.
(Linda xin lỗi đã không hoàn thành
dự án.)
→ Hà nh độ ng “khô ng hoà n thà nh
dự á n” xả y ra trướ c việc “xin lỗ i”.

 EXERCISES

I - Rewrite each sentence so that the new one has the similar meaning to the first
sentence, using perfect participles.
E.g.: Because Trinh had forgotten the keys at home, she couldn't enter the office.
→ Having forgotten the keys at home, she couldn't enter the office.
1. After Tim had saved enough money, he bought a new mobile phone.
→ _________________________________________________________
2. Since Khanh had been allowed to go to the party, he informed My about that.
→ _________________________________________________________
3. After she had heard about the bad news, she burst into tears.
→ _________________________________________________________
4. Since Trung had had many things to do, he decided not to go jogging this afternoon.
→ _________________________________________________________
5. Because they had had no money left, they decided not to eat outside.

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 LỚP HỌC ATT – CHUYÊN LUYỆN THI ĐẠI HỌC KHỐI A – A1 – B - D

→ _________________________________________________________
6. Since the boy had done something wrong, he came to his father and asked for
forgiveness.
→ _________________________________________________________
7. Because she had been trained very carefully, she finished her performance very well.
→ _________________________________________________________
8. After we had realised that we went the wrong way, we checked the map immediately.
→ _________________________________________________________
9. After she had one more child to look after, she spent less time outside with friends.
→ _________________________________________________________
10. Because Linda had been informed about the hurricane, she cancelled the safari this
weekend.
→ _________________________________________________________
11. Because he had had two children, he had to work hard to support them.
→ _________________________________________________________
12. After Trung got married, he became a very responsible man.
→ _________________________________________________________
13. Since he had finished the old project, he started with a new one.
→ _________________________________________________________
14. After Minh called her friend to ask about the lesson, he finished his homework.
→ _________________________________________________________
II - Rewrite each sentence so that the new one has the similar meaning to the first
sentence, using perfect gerunds.
E.g.: Quang didn't learn French carefully. He regretted that.
→ Quang regretted not having learnt French carefully.
1. Trang spent lots of money doing volunteer. She was admired for that
→ _________________________________________________________
2. He has studied English and Math very well. He was proud of it.
→ _________________________________________________________
3. He came to the event late. He apologized for that.
→ _________________________________________________________

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 LỚP HỌC ATT – CHUYÊN LUYỆN THI ĐẠI HỌC KHỐI A – A1 – B - D

4. Mary has let her parents down. She feels sorry for that.
→ _________________________________________________________
5. He has been treated like a second-class citizen. He doesn’t appreciate that.
→ _________________________________________________________
6. I have locked the door before leaving. I remember that.
→ _________________________________________________________
7. Diana had left her mobile phone at home. She regretted that.
→ _________________________________________________________
8. He has achieved success in his job. He is happy about that.
→ _________________________________________________________
9. Tom helped the newcomer a lot. She thanks him for that.
→ _________________________________________________________
10. She has been welcomed in the new company. She appreciates that.
→ _________________________________________________________
11. He told me that he would finish the project in time. Then, he denied that.
→ _________________________________________________________
12. Kate didn’t come to my birthday party as promised. She apologised for that.
→ _________________________________________________________
13. The man kept on moving during red lights. He was fined for that.
→ _________________________________________________________
14. I have given you a lot of money without asking you to return. I remember that.
→ _________________________________________________________
15. The man has made many mistakes in the project. He is responsible for that.
→ _________________________________________________________
III - Use perfect participles of the verbs in brackets in active or passive form to
complete the following sentences.
E.g.: (chase)__Having been chased__by the dog, the girl ran as fast as possible to escape it.
1. (learn) ___________ English before, he understood what the foreign man said.
2. (inform) ___________ about the flight delay, he went to the airport later than scheduled.
3. (complete) ___________ the work early, he had more time to search for necessary
information.

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 LỚP HỌC ATT – CHUYÊN LUYỆN THI ĐẠI HỌC KHỐI A – A1 – B - D

4. (catch) ___________a cold after going swimming, she had to stay in bed and take a rest.
5. (fire) ___________by the boss, she was completely disappointed about the company.
6. (notify) ___________about the bad weather, he didn't go camping with friends.
7. (tell) ___________lies many times, Mark regretted much about that.
8. (lose) ___________the keys, I had to call the locksmith to open the door.
9. (fine) ___________for legal violations several times, Jane was much more careful when
driving.
10. (not try) ___________her best to save the cat, she felt completely guilty

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