ORAL COMMUNICATION IN

CONTEXT
Quarter 1 Week 2 Module 2

MODELS OF
COMMUNICATION

Name:
Grade level & Section:
Subject Teacher:
LESSON 2: MODELS OF COMMUNICATION
“Communication works for those who work at it.” - Jim Rohn

WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

As your facilitator, I expect that you, as a learner, will understand the models of
communication.
Specifically, this module will help you to
• describe the models of communication
• differentiate the various models of communication
• describe how each element in the model affects communication

HI MY DEAR STUDENT! Let us start your journey in learning more on

the MODELS OF COMMUNICATION

I am sure you are ready and excited to answer the Pretest.

Smile and cheer up!

WHAT I KNOW

PRE- TEST

INSTRUCTION: Read each test item carefully. Write the letter of your answer on your
Oral communication notebook.
1. It presents a simple communication act and values psychological effects over social
effects.
A. Interactive Model
B. Linear Model
C. Transactional Model
2. The communication model that describes participation in the communication process as
continuous and simultaneous.
A. Interactive Model
B. Linear Model
C. Transactional Model
3. It is a form of distraction that begins in the thoughts of either the participant of the
communication process.
A. External Interference

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 B. Internal Interference
C. Psychological Interference

4. It is what makes communication cycle interactive or collaborative.

A. External Interference
B. Internal Interference
C. Feedback
5. It is the study of the sound system in a language. It includes knowledge of how one
organizes and structures sound to convey meaning.
A. Morphology
B. Phonology
C. Pragmatics

6. It is a form of distraction that begins in the thoughts of either participant of the

communication process.
A. External Interference
B. Internal Interference
C. Noise

7. It is a form of distraction that arises in the environment where the communication is

happening.
A. External Interference
B. Internal Interference
C. Noise

8. It uses spoken language to communicate a message or information.

A. Linguistics
B. Nonverbal Communication
C. Verbal Communication

9. All of the following are basic feature of language except for one.
A. Morphology
B. Syntax
C. Proxemics

10. It refers to the nonverbal cues of the voice such as volume, pitch, intonation and tone.
A. Haptics
B. Kinesics
C. Paralanguage

WHAT’S IN

1. What are the elements of communication?

2. Why do we say communication is a two-way process?

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 3. What is the end goal of communication?

WHAT’S NEW

INSTRUCTION: Using the given words inside of the box, create a simple
conversation and place it to the blank model.

TESSIE SUMMER NEW YEAR

JESSIE PHONE CALL FACE-TO-FACE

SENDER MESSAGE RECEIVER

WHAT IS IT

INTRODUCTION
Communication is a process that is deeply intertwined with human interaction. Since its end
goal is that of creating understanding, it is necessary to know, realize and appreciate its
process. Realizing how communication flows will help us recognize the roles played by each
element in the communication process.
The various communication models presented in this module will give us a glimpse of what
contributes to good communication or what causes breakdown in communication.
MODELS OF COMMUNICATION

In order to explain the social process of communication, scholars have developed several
models. The three most well-known models for communication are Linear, Interactional, and
Transactional. As West & Turner (2007) explain, each model sheds light on the development
of communication, but emphasizes different parts of the communication process. The models
provide pictures, or visual representations, of complex interactions. They are useful because
they simplify the basic structure of communication and can help us to understand that
structure not just verbally, but also visually. Most importantly, they identify the various
elements of communication and serve as a kind of map to show how different parts of the
communication process are interrelated.
Linear Model- the first model of communication. It is a unidirectional model. It presents a
simple communication act and involves persuasion, not mutual understanding. Lastly, it
values psychological effects over social effects

RECEIVER
MESSAGE

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 Interacti
ve Model- is an improved process. It still begins with a sender, in which the speaker decodes
a message using different channels. The receiver listens as he/she decodes the message.
Feedback is the next stage of the process where the receiver sends a response that continues
the communication process. The distinction is its internal and external interference that
disturb the understanding of the messages. The feedback makes the cycle interactive and
collaborative.

NOISE INTERFERENCE

NOISE INTERFERENCE

Transactional Model- is more detailed and involves more elements of communication. It

considers the situation of the communication where there is a simultaneous exchange
between the sender and the receiver. Three principles that govern Transactional Model are 1.
Participation is continuous and simultaneous. 2. All communication have a past, present and
future. 3. All communicators play roles.

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Take Note:
The linear model views communication as a one- way or linear process in which the
speaker speaks and the listener listens.
The interactive model of communication indicates that the speaker and listener
communicate better if they have common fields of experience, or fields which overlap.
The transactional model shows that the elements in communication are interdependent.
Each person in the communication act is both a speaker and a listener, and can be
simultaneously sending and receiving messages.

WHAT’S MORE

ACTIVITY 1: SCENES FROM A MOVIE

Direction: Choose a movie clip/scene to act with your chosen classmate or family member,
then discuss the communication model illustrated by the scene. You can submit your video
presentation to your teacher after performing the task.

ACTIVITY 2: ZOOM OR GOOGLE MEET.

Direction: Form groups with your classmates. Choose a leader. With your group, think of an
issue or problem where all members are to suggest a solution. The listens to each suggestion
and give comments or opinions. (It could be other topics as long as they can be engaged in
interactive or continuous communication.

WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

INSTRUCTION: Answer the following questions. Write your answer on

your oral communication notebook.
1. Give examples of situations where internal and external interferences affect understanding
or the flow of communication.
2. Can communication of ideas still be effective even without a feedback? Explain.
3. Do the different roles played by communication participants affect understanding of the
message? Explain.

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 ASSESSMENT

POST-TEST

INSTRUCTION: Read each test item carefully. Write the letter of your answer on your oral
communication notebook.
1. It presents a simple communication act and involves persuasion, not mutual understanding.
A. Interactive Model
B. Linear Model
C. Transactional Model
2. Its distinction with other model is that its internal and external interference disturb the
understanding of messages.
A. Interactive Model
B. Linear Model
C. Transactional Model
3. One of its governing principle is that all communicators play roles.
A. Interactive Model
B. Linear Model
C. Transactional Model
4. The first model of communication that is unidirectional.
A. Interactive Model
B. Linear Model
C. Transactional Model
5. The communication model that considers the situation of the communication where there
is a simultaneous exchange between the sender and the receiver.
A. Interactive Model
B. Linear Model
C. Transactional Model
II. Identify the type of interference shown in the following examples.
a. External Interference b. Internal Interference

6. Room temperature
7. Anxiety
8. Illness
9. Noise from the surrounding
10. Anger

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 ADDITIONAL ACTIVITY

INSTRUCTION: Given the video link below, a scene from a movie “Spider man”
think of a communication model that can be used in the given scene

https://youtu.be/9esCA8_EPeY

CONGRATULATIONS YOU ARE DONE WITH LESSON 2!

YOU’RE DOING GREAT!

Successful people are not gifted. They just work hard, then succeed on purpose.”
-“G.K NIELSON

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 REFERENCE

Sipacio, P. J. F., & Balgos, A. R. G. (2016). Oral Communication in Context for Senior High School.
Quezon City: C & E Publishing, Inc.
Flores, Ramona S. (2016). Oral Communication in Context. 1st Edition. Manila: Rex
Emery, R. (2012, September). Communications: Its Importance and Basic Elements.
Retrieved anuary 5, 2015, from http://region3.asse.org/: http://region3.asse.org/wp-
content/uploads/2012/09/Bob-Emery-ASSE-Regional-Conference-2012-Communications-
Importance-and-Basic-Elements.pdf http://nepalicommunication.blogspot.com/2011/01/origin-of-
word.html https://pragatipath1.files.wordpress.com/2012/02/smc2.pdf
https://communicatingcommunication.wordpress.com/2011/02/03/etymology-of- communication/

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 ORAL COMMUNICATION IN
CONTEXT
Quarter 1 Week 3 Module 3

MODELS OF
COMMUNICATION

Name:
Grade level & Section:
Subject Teacher:

10
LESSON 3: MODELS OF COMMUNICATION

WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

As your facilitator, I expect that you, as a learner, will understand the models of
communication.
Specifically, this module will help you to
• describe the models of communication
• differentiate the various models of communication
• describe how each element in the model affect communication

HI MY DEAR STUDENT! Let us start your journey in learning more on the

MODELS OF COMMUNICATION

I am sure you are ready and excited to answer the Pretest.

Smile and cheer up!

WHAT I KNOW

PRE-TEST

INSTRUCTION: Read each test item carefully. Choose the letter of your answer on the
space provided before each number.
1. Which model of communication vividly explains why the
simplest way of communication can be misunderstood or
misinterpreted because of various interferences such as
noise?
a. Berlo Model
b. Mutual Understanding Constructivist Model
c. Schramm Model
d. Shannon and Weaver Model

2. Which model of communication emphasizes the field of

experiences concept. This field of experiences refers to
the past and present experiences of an individual that
help him/her relate to other communicators.

a. Berlo Model
b. Mutual Understanding Constructivist Model

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 c. Schramm Model
d. Shannon and Weaver Model

3. Which is the modified version of the Schramm Model

where interpretation of the sender’s message is based on
the reciever’s frame of reference and internal and
external factors?
a. Berlo Model
b. Mutual Understanding Constructivist Model
c. Schramm Model
d. Shannon and Weaver Model

4. Which model of communication presumes that

communication transpires within four factions: source,
message, channel and receiver?

a. Berlo Model
b. Mutual Understanding Constructivist Model
c. Schramm Model
d. Shannon and Weaver Model
5. Why is there a need to study models of communication?
a. To lay a foundation which may facilitate understanding of the process
of communication.
b. To simplify reality in communication, select element
and indicate relationship between elements of
communication.
c. To understand how the various elements of
communication affect the communication process.
d. All of the above.

6. What is done with information in all the communication models?

a. Defined
b. Depicted
c. Transferred
d. Understood

7. What is the appropriate term for how a sender transforms a thought into
message?
a. Coding
b. Decoding
c. Encoding
d. Recoding
8. Which terms refers to any medium used within the communication process?
a. Channels
b. Decoding
c. Encoding
d. Feedback
9. Which concept is illustrated when one is unable to
concentrate on what his/her mother is saying because

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 he/she is upset about something that happened?
a. Internal Interference
b. External Interference
c. Semantic Noise
d. Physical Noise
10. What term is shown when you ask another person to explain what he/she
just said?
a. Channels
b. Decoding
c. Encoding
d. Feedback

WHAT’S IN

1. Based from the previous lesson, scholars have developed several communication
model for what reason?
2. What is Transactional Model? Interactive model? Are they similar?
3. What do you think is the importance of studying models of communication?

WHAT’S NEW

INSTRUCTION: Read the sample conversation below and answer the following
questions on your notebook.

1. What have you noticed/observed in the conversation?

2. Is there a process of communication?
3. What is the medium used in the sample conversation?
4. What do you think is the relevance of this activity to our next topic?

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 WHAT IS IT

DISCUSSION:
Communication is a process that is deeply intertwined with human interaction. Since its end
goal is that of creating understanding, it is necessary to know, realize and appreciate its
process. Realizing how communication flows will help us recognize and roles played by each
element in the communication process. The various communication models presented in this
module will give us a glimpse of what contributes to good communication or what causes
breakdown in communication.

MODELS OF COMMUNICATION
1. SHANNON AND WEAVER MODEL OF COMMUNICATION
According to Shannon and Weaver, an information begins from the message source
which is transmitted to the receiver. Before the message source is transmitted to the
receiver, the message pass through various interferences such as noise. Then, the
receiver receives the message. This model of communication explains vividly why the
simplest way of communication can be misunderstood or misinterpreted. Sending
messages across with so much complexities increases the possibility for distorted
meaning. Noise can be physical, physiological, psychological and semantic.

Information Transmitter Receiver Destination

Source

MESSAGE MESSAGE

Noise
Source

2. SCHRAMM MODEL
Schramm Model- The emphasis of the Schramm Model is the “field of experiences”
concept. It is assumed that every individual communicator has within himself past and
present experiences that help him relate to other communicators. These experiences
form a “field” of experiences from which he draws meaning at any point of
communication.

“Field of Experience”

Mutual Understanding Constructivist Model- It is a modified version of the Schramm

Model where a common “field of experience’ is emphasized. The way the receiver will

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decode or interpret the sender’s message will be based on the light of his/her frame of
reference (past experience, stored knowledge etc) and internal and external factors.

 BERLO’s MODEL or TRANSACTIONAL MODEL – It presumes that

communication transpires within four components and each component is affected by
many factors.

SOURCE RECEIVER
MESSAGE CHANNEL
Comm. Skills Comm. Skills
Elements Seeing
Attitudes Attitudes
Structure Hearing
Knowledge Knowledge
Content Touching
Social system Social system
Treatment Smelling
culture culture
code tasting

Take Note!

The field of experiences concept assumes that every communicator has within himself
past and present experiences that help him relate to other communicators.
Having common field of experiences creates understanding.
Noise or interference which can be physical, physiological, psychological and semantic
creates misunderstanding among the communication participants.

WHAT’S MORE
ACTIVITY 1:

INSTRUCTION: Answer the following questions on your oral communication notebook.

1. The Shannon and Weaver Model explains that during the delivery of a message through a
channel, there may be sources of distractions or noise which would lead to misunderstanding.
Aside from physical noise, what other types of noise would affect the effective transmission
of a message? Give an example.
2. Using Berlo’s Model, what do you think is the most important factor to consider for
effective communication? Why?

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3. In light of the concept of ‘field of experiences” in the Mutual Understanding Model, can
two persons interpret the same message differently? Give an example.
4. Of the communication models presented, which do you think best illustrate the
communication process? Why?
Activity 2. Name the missing element in each model of communication. Answer this on a
separate sheet of paper.
. Receiver
1. __________ Source

2.

SOURCE ? CHANNEL ?

3. COMM.SKILLS ? ? ?

? Structure Hearing ?

? ? ? Knowledge

Social System ? Smelling Social System

? code ? ?

WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

INSTRUCTION: Answer the following questions. Write your answer on your oralk
communication noteebook.
1. The Shannon and Weaver Model explains that during the delivery of a message
through a channel, there may be sources of distractions or noise which would lead to
misunderstanding. Aside from physical noise, what other types of noise would affect
the effective transmission of a message? Give an example.

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 2. Using Berlo’s Model, what do you think is the most important factor to consider for
effective communication? Why?

3. In light of the concept of ‘field of experiences” in the Mutual Understanding Model,

can two persons interpret the same message differently? Give an example.

4. Of the communication models presented, which do you think best illustrate the
communication process? Why?

WHAT I CAN DO

INSTRUCTION: Answer the following questions on a separate sheet of

paper
 What communication models do you know about already?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________.
 As a student how can learning about communication models be helpful to you?
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
_______________.

ASSESSMENT

POST-TEST

INSTRUCTION: Read each test item carefully. Write the letter of your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. In what element of Shannon and Weaver Model can noise or interference occur?
a.Channel b.Message c.Receiver d.Source

2. What concept makes one interprets a message based on past events and occurences,
observations and stored knowledge?
a. External factors
b. Field of experience
c. Interference or noise
d. Internal factors

3.Which communication model shows that each element is affected by many other factors?
a. Berlo Model
b. Dance Model
c. Mutual Understanding Constructivist Model

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d. Schramm Model

4. In Berlo’s model, what factors will affect receiver’s understanding of a message?

a.Attitude
b.Communication skills
c.Knowledge
d.All of the above

5.Which two models of communication present common ‘field of experiences’ as a means to

interpreting and understanding a message?
a. Berlo and Dance Models
b. Berlo and Schramm’s Models
c. Mutual Understanding and Schramm Models
d. Schramm and Dance Models

6. Which type of noise is shown by a student who was unable to concentrate and understand
her lesson because of hunger and sickness?
a. Physical Noise
b. Physiological Noise
c. Psychological Noise
d. Semantic Noise

7.Which situation illustrates semantic noise?

a.One’s inability to understand because of an illness.
b. One’s inability to comprehend because of differences in language.
c.One’s failure to relate with others because of depressive thoughts.
d. a command because of a noisy environment.

8. Two people were talking about their recent trip when one mentions about bringing her
mother to an expensive vacation next time. Before one finishes her talk, the other one
suddenly cries because her mother is too ill to enjoy a vacation with her. Which concept from
Schramm Communication Model is shown by the reaction of one of the speakers in the
example?
a. Decoding of a message
b. Encoding of a message
c. Reacting based on field of experience
d. Giving of Feedback

9. A person was invited to share about farming techniques. Most of the audience as
traditional farmers but were excited to try the new farming techniques at the end of his talk.
Which factors concerning the sender and receiver helped him convinced farmers to try the
new farming techniques?
a.Knowledge and communication skills
b. Attitude and culture
c. Knowledge and attitude
d. Culture and Social System

10.Which term refers to any reaction or response we give to information or message?

a.Attitude b.Channel c.Feedback d.Knowledge

ADDITIONAL ACTIVITY

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 Activity 3 VIEWING AND ANALYZING TV
COMMERCIALS. Watch and answer the questions that
follow. Write your answer on your oral communication
notebook.
https://youtu.be/RcMi80qKiNY

1. To whom does the commercial appeal to?

2. How does it get the intended audience attention?
3. Do you think it was effective?

https://youtu.be/8Ox5LhIJSE

1. Who are the individuals engaged in a conversation?

2. What makes communication between them difficult?
3. How did they understand each other?

Congratulations you are done with lesson 3!

You’re doing great!

“Successful people are not gifted. They just work hard, then succeed on purpose.”
-“G.K NIELSON”

References:

Dapat, J. R, Sadorra, B. B. & Lumabi, B. C.(2016) Oral Communication

in Focus For Senior High School. Quezon City: Lorimar Publishing Inc.
Dividina, Jose B. (2016). Towards Effective Oral
Communication for Senior High School. Manila: St.
Augustine Publications, Inc.
Online Resources

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https://youtu.be/RcMi80qKiNY
https://youtu.be/8Ox5LhIJSBE

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