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REPORT
EXPERIMENT 4: CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM

Group: _____________ Section: ______4________ Date: ____________

Group members:

Seq. Full name Student ID % Signature Score

contribution
(total =
100%)
1 Trần Anh Thi ITITIU19212

2 Trần Ngọc Minh IELSIU21402

Văn

3 Nguyễn Ngọc Vũ IELSIU21405

4 Đặng Tuyết Trân BTBTIU21107

5 Huỳnh Ngọc Vinh IELSIU21404

Total score: ________/15__

Present well: + 1 point

Clear picture: + 1 point

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Total = 15 points

I. Introduction (1 pt)

Chemical equilibrium, when the forward and reverse reaction rates are identical, the reaction mixture
reaches chemical equilibrium.
At equilibrium: Rate Forward = Rate Reverse.
When a response is pushed, the balance framework will alter concurring to Le Chatelier's Rule.
Concurring to Le Chatelier's Guideline, when a framework in balance is aggravated by an alter in
temperature, weight, or concentration, the response changes in harmony composition in an endeavor
to check the alter in factors.

II. Experimental (1 pt)

 Chemicals:
- 0.5M K CrO
2 4

- Concentrated HCl
- 6M NaOH
- Methyl violet
- 6M HCl
- 0.1M CaCl 2

- 0.1M Na C O
2 2 4

- 0.1M H C O
2 2 4

- 6M NH OH
4

- 0.1M CoCl 2

- Distilled water
1. ACID/BASE EQUILIBRIA:

- Place 10 drops of 0.5M K2CrO4 to a clean test tube.

- Add 10 drops of concentrated HCl. And observed the change of color.

- Add 5 drops of 6N NaOH. After all, recorded observation.

2. EQUILIBRIA OF ACID/BASE INDICATORS:

- Placing 2 drops of Methyl violet to a tube. Then added 20 mL of distilled water and mixed. We
divided the solution into two test tubes.

-Test 1: added nothing

-Test 2:

+Addition 1: added 6M HCl solution dropwise until further addition resulted in no significant change.

+Addition 2: added 6M NaOH solution dropwise until further addition resulted in no color change.

+Addition 3: again added the 6M HCl solution dropwise until further addition resulted in no significant
change.

3. EQUILIBRIA OF PRECIPITATION REACTIONS:

- Place 5 mL of 0.05M CaCl2 into two separate test tubes.

+Test tube 1: we added 1 mL of 0.1M Na2C2O4. We observed.

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+Test tube 2: we added 1 mL of 0.1M H2C2O4, We observed and compared with test tube 1.

- Add 10 drops of 6M HCl in the former beaker and observe.

- Add 10 drops of 6M NH4OH and observe.

4. TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON EQUILIBRIA:

First, add 3mL of 0.1M CoCl2 into a test tube by using a pipette.
Second, add concentrated HCl drop-by-drop with a Pasteur dropper
* Note: STOP dropping when the color of the solution turns to purple-violet, otherwise DO AGAIN if
the color is deep blue because too much Cl- was added.
After that, divide that mixture into 3 equal test tubes:
Test tube 1: Put it in room temperature condition.
=>   Observe the color
Test tube 2: 
Put it in warm condition ( hot water bath)
=> Observe the color and compare with test tube 1
Then, put it in cool condition ( ice bath)
=> Observe the color and compare with test tube 1
Test tube 3:
Put it in cool condition ( ice bath)
=> Observe the color and compare with test tube 1
Then, put it in warm condition ( hot water bath)
=> Observe the color and compare with test tube 1

III. Results and discussion

1. ACID/BASE EQUILIBRIA (2 pts)

Equilibrium System: 2CrO42 + 2H+(aq) ⇌ Cr2O72 + H2O(l)

Description of Predicted Observation Explanation

conditions outcome

The solution has ion CrO42-, so the

solution is yellow
Initial solution The solution is yellow

The solution is
yellow

The solution is Adding more HCl increased ion H+,

orange then the equilibrium shift to the right to
+ Conc. HCl The solution is orange consume the H added to the solution
and more Cr2O7- formed, so the
solution turns to orange.

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Adding NaOH, OH- reacting with ion

H+ decreased H+. The equilibrium shift
+ 6 N NaOH to the left and more CrO42- formed, so
solution became yellow.

The solution is The solution is yellow

non-color

Comment:

The equilibrium equation is: 2CrO42- + 2H+(aq) ⇌ Cr2O72- + H2O.

The color of CrO42- is yellow, the color of Cr2O72- is orange

Adding more HCl increased ion H+, then the equilibrium shift to the right to consume the H added to
the solution and more Cr2O7- formed, so the solution turns to orange.

- When adding NaOH (OH-), the neutralization reaction occurs

H+ + OH- -> H2O

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- Adding NaOH, OH- reacting with ion H+ decreased H+. The equilibrium shift to the left and more
CrO42- created, so solution became yellow.

2. EQUILIBRIA OF ACID/BASE INDICATORS (2 pts)

Equilibrium System: H(MV)(aq) + H2O(l) ⇌ H3O+(aq) + MV(aq)

Addition Predicted Observation Explanation

outcome

Methyl violet is
an organic
None (control) substance that
is main used as
dyes.When we
add distilled
Violet Violet water,the color
of MV turns to
be lighter violet
because the
solution is
diluted

HCl makes the

reaction toward
6 M HCl reactant side
(backward
reaction) due to
an excession of
H+ ions in
the product. The
Non-color Blue equilibrium
was
reestablished,
shifted to
reduce the new stress on the
system.

When we added NaOH into the

solution, the concentration of
6 M NaOH OH- would increase. So, the
Purple Purple equilibrium would shift to the
right to consume the
OH- added to the solution, then the
concentration of OH- would
decrease.

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When added
HCl into the
6 M HCl solution, the
concentration
of
H3O+ would
increase.
Thus, the
equilibrium
would shift to
Non-color Light blue
the
left in order to
consume the
H3O+

added to the solution,

then decreased the
concentration of [H+]

Comment:

- MV will change its color based on difference in pH environment. It means MV is considered as pH

indicator.

- When we add more acid -> pH decreasing -> equilibrium shift to the direction that will increase the
pH

- When we add more base -> pH increasing -> equilibrium shift to the direction that will decrease the
pH

3. COMPLEX ION FORMATION (2 pts)

Equilibrium System: Fe3+ + SCN ⇌ [Fe(SCN)]2+

Addition Predicted Observation Explanation

outcome

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None
(0.25 pts)
(control)

0.01M FeCl3 (0.25 pts)

6M NaOH (0.25 pts)

Cold (0.25 pts)

Hot (0.25 pts)

(0.25 pts)
0.1M AgNO3

Comment: (0.5 pts)

4. EQUILIBRIA OF PRECIPITATION REACTIONS (2 pts)

Equilibrium System: Ca2+(aq) + C2O42(aq) ⇌ CaC2O4(s)

Predicted
Addition Observation Explanation
outcome

Test tube 1: White White precipitation Add Na2C2O4 then increase [C2O42].
precipitation The reaction is forward (to the right) and
0.1 M Na2C2O4
forms the precipitation.

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White Opalescence Add H2C2O4 then increase [C2O42]. The

precipitation react is forward (to the right) and forms
the precipitation.

Test tube 2:

+ 0.1 M H2C2O4

Test tube 2: Soluble Less white precipitation Add HCM then increase [H+.]. The
precipitation reaction is backward (to the left) and
+ 6 M HCl forms less white precipitation.

White White precipitation The amount of [H+] decreases because

precipitation of adding NH4OH ([OH-] reacts with
Test tube 2: [H+]). Therefore, the equilibrium is
forward (to the right) to increase the
+ 6 M NH4OH amount of [H+]. According to Le
Chatelier’s Principle, the equilibrium
Ca2+ + C2O42-  CaC2O4 shifted to the
right to decrease the amount of ion
C2O42- and form white precipitation
(CaC2O4).

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Comment: Le Chatelier’s principle said: “The composition of the reaction mixture will shift until
equilibrium has been reestablished.”. In this case, the direction changed since the change in
concentration of the components, especially the concentration of C2O42-, which brings about the
disappearance and the appearance of the precipitate.

5. TEMPERATURE EFFECTS ON EQUILIBRIA (2 pts)

Equilibrium System:Co(H2O)62+(aq) + 4Cl(aq) ⇌ CoCl42(aq) + 6H2O(l)

Description of
Predicted outcome Observation Explanation
conditions

Nothing changed Violet – Purple Violet – Purple The color of [CoCl4]2- (aq) is violet –
purple
(control)

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Blue Deep blue When we change the temperature of

the mixture by treating with hot water, it
Hot water bath must re-establish an equilibrium by
shifting to the right side to become an
endothermic reaction. The color turned
into deep blue.

Light pink Light pink When we change the temperature of

the mixture by treating with cold water,
Ice-water bath it re-establishes an equilibrium by
shifting to the left side to become an
exothermic reaction. The color turned
into pink.

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Comment: In accordance with Le Chatelier’s principle, when the temperature is reduced, the position
of the equilibrium will move to the left, forming more of the pink complex ion at the expense of the
blue species. On the other hand, the blue solution is performed when it is dipped into the ice-water
bath.

IV. Conclusions (1 pt)

When we apply stresses to each of the 5 equilibrium systems in this experiment, the reaction will shift
in the direction that lessens the effect of the change, according to Le Chatelier's principle. We can
control, increase, or decrease the products if we know the proper reaction direction.

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