A Complete Report On

Internal Resistance and Matching in voltage sources

Phy-511

Department Of Physics
Government Graduate Islamia College.
Submitted to:
Mam Tanawush
Submitted by:
BS Physics, 5th semester(M)
Group # 05:
M. Numan (50)
Abu Hurairah (41)
Usama Asif (19)
M. Siddique (26)
Ajab Khan (11)
M. Faisal (36)
Experiment:
The internal resistance and matching in various voltage source and
draw their power diagram.

Principle:

It works on the principle that when a constant current flows through a wire of
uniform across sectional area, Potential difference between its two points is directly
proportional to the length of the wire between the two points.

Ammeter
An Ammeter measure the electric current in a circuit the name is derived from a name for   the

SI unit of electric current amperes. In order for an Ammeter to measure a device current it must
be connected in series to that device this is necessary because objects in series experience is
the same current they must not be connected to a voltage source ammeter are designed to
work under are minimal burden (which refresh to the voltage drop across the ammeter typically
a small fraction of a volt)

Voltmeter
A voltmeter is an instrument that measure the difference in electrical potential between two
points in an electric circuit an analogue voltmeter moves a pointer across the scale in
proportion to the circuit voltage a digital any measurement that can be converted to voltage
can be displayed on a meter that is properly calibrated such measurement include pressure
temperature and flow.

Rheostat
Adjustable resistor used in application that require The Adjustment of current or varying of
resistance in an electric circuit the new state can adjust generator characteristics dim lights and
starts or control the speed of Motors. Its resistance element can be a metal wire or Ribbon
carbon or a conducting liquid depending on the application.
 Apparatus:

Variable power supply / Battery, Voltmeter, Ammeter, Rheostat, Resistance box,

Connecting wire.
Procedure:

1. First of all I connected to the positive terminal of power supply with one side of key and Other
Side Of key with negative terminal of voltmeter and terminal a of rheostat.

2. I connected the negative terminal of ammeter and negative terminal of voltmeter with one side
of resistance box.

3. I connected the other side of resistance Box with the negative terminal of power source and
turned on the key.

4. The potential difference between the terminals of a battery decreases as the current supplied
by the battery increases.

5. Thus the maximum potential difference is attained only with zero output current.

6. We can see that the effect of this by watching how the measured voltage change if we put a
resistance across the terminal of the device.

7. By subtracting the value of resistance of resistance box and rheostat I got the resistance of
power supply.

8. I also did the same procedure by using a battery instead of power supply.

9. Here are the data collected for new volt battery.

Diagram:

Figure:1 (circuit diagram)

Graph: For power supply

Y-Values
8
7
6
5
voltage

4
3
2
1
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
cuurent
 (Direct Voltage)

Y-Values
10
9
8
7
6
voltage

5
4
3
2
1
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
current

(Alternating Voltage)

For Battery

4.5
4
3.5
3

2.5
voltage

2
1.5
1
0.5
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
current
Observations:

Resistance(ohm) Voltage(v)

6800 9.24

330 9.24

100 9.08

47 8.80

00 8.40

(table 1 Here data collected for a used new battery)

Resistance(ohm) Voltage(v)

1.8 6.2

1.3 6.9

1.1 5.3

0.9 8.5

(table 2 Here data collected

for a used power supply)
 Resistance(ohm) Voltage(v)

330 6.10

220 5.72

100 4.71

47 3.55

(table 3 Here data collected for a used old battery)

Result:
Chemical battery have high resistance but power supply has low resistance