2018-AU-44

Lab Session #2
Fluid Mechanics

EXPERIMENT #2
We have to prove the Bernoulli’s equation by using a tapered duct.

Apparatus:
 The gear utilized in this test contained
 Hydraulic seat by which we measure the stream.
 Bernoulli's hypothesis test gear.
 Modern Bernoulli device (AIM 656-B) is made of acrylic. What's more, it is utilized for
progressively exact readings.
 It has its very own water coursing unit, outward siphon connected to a sump tank.

Bernoulli’s Apparatus in lab:

Figure (a) UET FM lab Bernoulli Apparatus.

It is a basic device for which water powered seat is an assistance module. This contraption is
utilized for demonstrating Bernoulli's condition. It has an acrylic conduit of various cross-
sectional zones. It has eight side recordings. It has air drain screw for expelling air from
manometer tubes. We have control stream valve for controlling the stream. Tapping has various
widths.

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Lab Session #2
Fluid Mechanics

Observations and Calculations:

Readings of Group 1

No. Volume Time Flow Distance Area Static Velocity Dynamic Total
of rate Qv into A head V head head
obs. V t duct h h0
(m3) (s) (m3/s) (m) (m2) (m) (m/s) (m)

1 0.002 24.7 0.00008 h1 0.00 .000491 .225 0.1649 0.0014 0.226

1
2 h2 0.0603 .000151 .200 0.5364 0.0146 0.215

3 h3 0.0687 .000109 .180 0.7431 0.0281 0.208

4 h4 0.0732 .000089 .155 0.9101 0.0422 0.197

5 h5 0.0811 .000079 .125 1.0253 0.0535 0.179

6 h6 0.1415 .000491 .150 0.1649 0.0014 0.151

Readings of Group 2

No. Volume Time Flow Distance Area of Static Velocity Dynamic Total
of V t rate into the head V head head
obs. (m3) (s) Qv duct duct A h h0
(m3/s) (m) (m2) (m) (m/s) (m)
0.002 50 0.00004 h1 0.00 .00049 .190 0.081 0.00033 0.19033
1 1
2 h2 0.0603 .00015 .185 0.2649 0.00358 0.1886
1
3 h3 0.0687 .00010 .180 0.3669 0.00686 0.187
9
4 h4 0.0732 .00008 .175 0.449 0.01027 0.1853
9

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Lab Session #2
Fluid Mechanics

5 h5 0.0811 .00007 .170 0.8163 0.03396 0.203

9
6 h6 0.1415 .00049 .165 0.0814 0.00034 0.1653
1

Readings of Group 3

No. Volume Time Flow Distance Area Static Velocity Dynamic Total
of rate into A head V head head
obs. V t Qv duct (m2) h h0
(m3) (s) (m3/s) (m) (m) (m/s) (m)

1 0.002 64 0.000031 h1 0.00 .000491 .180 0.0631 0.000246 0.1802

2 h2 0.0603 .000151 .175 0.2052 0.002146 0.1771

3 h3 0.0687 .000109 .169 0.2844 0.004993 0.1739

4 h4 0.0732 .000089 .165 0.3483 0.007488 0.1725

5 h5 0.0811 .000079 .160 0.3924 0.009505 0.1695

6 h6 0.1415 .000491 .155 0.0631 0.000246 0.1552

Readings of Group 4

No. Volume Time Flow Distance Area of Static Velocity Dynamic Total
of rate into the duct head V head head
obs. V t Qv duct A h h0
(m3) (s) (m) (m2) (m) (m/s) (m)
3
(m /s)
1 0.002 41.47 0.000048 h1 0.00 .000491 .185 0.0977 0.000486 0.1854

2 h2 0.0603 .000151 .180 0.3179 0.005151 0.1851

3 h3 0.0687 .000109 .175 0.4404 0.009885 0.1849

4 h4 0.0732 .000089 .170 0.5393 0.01482 0.1848

5 h5 0.0811 .000079 .165 0.6076 0.018816 0.1838

6 h6 0.1415 .000491 .175 0.0977 0.000486 0.1754

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 2018-AU-44
Lab Session #2
Fluid Mechanics

FLOW RATE TOTALHEAD

QV
(M3/S)
For Group 2 For Group 4 For Group 1 For Group 3
0.00004 0.19033 0.1854 0.226 0.1802
0.000048 0.1886 0.1851 0.215 0.1771
0.000081 0.187 0.1849 0.208 0.1739
0.000031 0.1853 0.1848 0.197 0.1725
0.203 0.1838 0.179 0.1695
0.1653 0.1754 0.151 0.1552

Graph
0.25

0.2
Flow rate

0.15

0.1

0.05

0
0.00002 0.00003 0.00004 0.00005 0.00006 0.00007 0.00008 0.00009
Total Head

static head 2 static head 4 static head 1 static head 3

Recent Trends:

Bernoulli apparatus (AIM 656-B):

Its most recent element is that its weight recordings are available at various areas. It has SHP
siphon for water stream. It has sump tank limit of 60 liters which is valuable for examinations. It
has tempered steel tanks. It has an excellent paint structure. Additionally, its channel tank has 25
liters stockpiling limit.

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Lab Session #2
Fluid Mechanics
Figure (B) AIM 656B

Bernoulli apparatus (Roorkie Equipment and Models):

Its primary element is that it has a shut circuit which keeps lab understudies from any harm.
While it has 80litre sump tank stockpiling and has 30litre stockpiling limit with respect to
volumetric tank with a piezometer tube. Controlling valves circle water.
Tanks likewise included water covering to keep them from rusting. The contraption has the
confound sheets channel and contains eleven piezometers. Seven cylinders on it has 50cm
equivalent tallness.

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Lab Session #2
Fluid Mechanics

Figure (C)

Bernoulli Apparatus with digital bench:

It has many weight tappings which permits a total investigation of the weight division over the
concurrent unique ways.
Its manometer board vertically holds the manometer tubes. Great element is that it has its scale
behind the manometer tube for helpful understanding estimation. It for the most part involves
plastic materials to oppose erosion

Figure (D)

Analysis:
 Modern contraptions have shut circuit while it needs.
 They have peizometer and tanks with enormous stockpiling limit
 They have excellent impeccable tanks and very much painted structures.

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Lab Session #2
Fluid Mechanics

 Some Bernoulli appratuses have eleven peizometer cylinders or more while it contains
six
 The manometer cylinders have 50cm tallness or more.
 The most recent manometer has its scale behind manometer tubes.

Recommendations:
A few highlights gave in most recent Bernoulli mechanical assemblies are great which can

 minimize blunders in test

 prevent understudies from harm
 consume less electric power
 convenient to take readings
 give increasingly exact mesurements
 large scope for different examination
 make it solid

So,I prescribe that by utilizing great plastic materials like preplex, and very much painted tanks
to forestall consumption we can make device well. The scale ought to be behind the manometer
tubes. Contraption must have many weight tappings. Tanks must have enormous stockpiling
limit. It must have vertical manometer pannel

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