Department of chemical engineering- BNCME1 Report Mark:________

Process Safety And Occupational Safety- PSOH101 Late Penalty : ________

Assessment sheet- 2022
Copying Penalty: ________

GA Assignment
Name Ntshangase Ruth
Student No. 22175293
Given date 27 October 2022
Due date 11 November 2022
Lecturer ND Ncuba
Question 1

Guide word Deviation Possible causes Consequences Actions

No No cooling 1.Control valve 1. Temperature 1. Install backup
Fails closed increases. control valves or
2. Plugged 2. Possible manual by-pass
cooling. thermal runway. valves.
3. Cooling water 2. Install filters to
service failure. prevent debris
4. Controller fails from entering the
and closes valve. lines.
5. Air pressure to 3. Install back-up
drive valve fails cooling system.
closing valve. 4. Install back-up
controllers.
5. Install high
temperature
alarm to alert
operator.
5. Install high
temperature
emergency
shutdown.
Install cooling
water flowmeter
and low flow
alarm.
More Move cooling 1.Control valve 1. Reactor cools 1. Instruct
water fails to open. reactant builds operator the
2. Controller fails up possible procedure
and opens valve. runway.
Less Leak cooling flow 1.Control valve 1. Temperature 1. Install backup
fails to respond. increase. control valves or
2. Partially 2.Possible manual by-pass
plugged cooling thermal runway valves.
line. 2. Install filters to
3. Partial water prevent debris
source failure. from entering the
lines.
3. Install back-up
cooling system.
4. Install back-up
controllers.
5. Install high
temperature
alarm to alert
operator.
5. Install high
temperature
emergency
shutdown.
 Install cooling
water flowmeter
and low flow
alarm.
As well as Cooling water in 1.Leak is cooling 1.Dilution of Install high level
reactor coils, pressure in content. alarm or pressure
reactor is less 2.Product mined. alarm.
than pressure in 3. Overflow of 2. Install low
coils reactor. pressure relief.
3. Check
maintenance,
procedure and
schedule.
As well as Reactor product Leak in coils with 1.Loss of product 1.Check
in coil reactor pressure yield. maintenance,
greater than coil 2. Reduction in production and
pressure cooling functions. schedules.
3.Possible 2.Install check
contamination of valves in cooling
water. valve source.
Part of Partial cooling 1.Control valve 1. Temperature 1. Install backup
flow fails to respond. increase. control valves or
2. Partially 2.Possible manual by-pass
plugged cooling thermal runway valves.
line. 2. Install filters to
3. Partial water prevent debris
source failure from entering the
lines.
3. Install back-up
cooling system.
4. Install back-up
controllers.
5. Install high
temperature
alarm to alert
operator.
5. Install high
temperature
emergency
shutdown.

Reverse Reverse cooling 1.Failure of 1.Install cooling

flow cooling source check possible
resulting in valve runway.
backward flow. 2. High
2.Back flow due temperature.
to back pressure.
Other than 1.Water source 1.Loss of cooling. 1.Isolation of
contaminated. 2.Runaway cooling water
2.Back flow from source.
sewer 2.Check valve.
3.High
temperature.
Question 2

Dose of rotenone Number of insects Number affected

deaths
12.0 55 42
9.2 53 40
7.3 49 21
5.2 52 14
4.2 50 5

In(dose) Probability % Probability Constant

𝐼𝑛(12.0) = 2.48 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑠 5.84 − 5.52 𝑥 − 5.52
∗ 100 =
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑠 80 − 70 76.36 − 70
42 = 𝟓. 𝟕𝟐𝟑𝟓𝟐
= ∗ 100
55
= 76.36%
𝐼𝑛(9.2) = 2.22 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑠 5.84 − 5.52 𝑥 − 5.52
∗ 100 =
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑠 80 − 70 75.47 − 70
40 = 5.69504
= ∗ 100
53
= 75.47%
𝐼𝑛(7.3) = 1.99 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑠 5 − 4.75 𝑥 − 4.75
∗ 100 =
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑠 50 − 40 42.86 − 40
21 = 4.8215
= ∗ 100
49
= 42.86%
𝐼𝑛(5.2) = 1.65 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑠 4.48 − 4.16 𝑥 − 4.16
∗ 100 =
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑠 30 − 20 26,92 − 20
14 = 4.38144
= ∗ 100
52
= 26.92%
𝐼𝑛(4.2) = 1.44 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑑𝑒𝑎𝑡ℎ𝑠
∗ 100
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑠
5
= ∗ 100
50 3.72
= 10%

Calculate LC50

From the graph provided in the data sheet, we will use the probit constant at 50 which is 5 and the
equation provided to get Indose.

𝑦 = 1.8175𝑥 + 2.127
5 = 1.8175𝑥 + 2.127
5 − 2.127 = 1.8175𝑥
𝐼𝑛𝑑𝑜𝑠𝑒 = 1.580

𝑑𝑜𝑠𝑒 = 𝑒1.580
= 4.85
Question 3
Below is a fault tree analysis

Fi
FIRE

P=0.0735
R=0.9265

AND

F O I

FUEL OXYGEN IGNITION

P=0.21 P=1 P= 0.35
R=0.79 R=0 R=0.65

OR OR

P Q R S T U

Static
Paraffin Light Electrical
Propane Butane electricit
cigarrete spark
y
P= 0.1 P= 0.09 P= 0.2 P=0.05 P=0.1
P= 0.02
R= 0.9 R= 0.91 R= 0.8 R= 0.95 R=0.9
R= 0.98

Identification
Fi= Fire

F= Fuel

O= Oxygen

I= Ignition

P= Paraffin

Q= Propane

R= Butane

S= Light cigarrete
T= Electrical spark

U= Static electricity
Calculations

a. Probability of fuel

P(F)= P(P) + P(Q) + P(R)

=0.1 + 0.02 + 0.09

=0.21
Remainder=1-P(F)

=1-0.21

=0.79

Probabillity of oxygen
P(O)= 1

Remainder= 0

Probability of ignition

P(I)= P(S) + P(T) + P(U)

=0.2 + 0.05 + 0.1

=0.35
Remainder= 1-P(I)

=1-(0.35)
=0.65

Probability of fire

P(Fi)= P(F) * P(O) * P(I)

=0.21 * 1* 0.35

=0.0735
Remainder= 1- P(fire)

=1-0.0735

=0.9265

b. 𝑅 = 𝑒 −𝑢𝑡

 R Is the remainder of fire

 t is 1

𝑅 = 𝑒 −𝑢𝑡
 0.9265 = 𝑒 −𝑢(1)

𝐼𝑛(0.9265) = 𝐼𝑛𝑒 −𝜇
𝐼𝑛(0.9265) = −𝜇
𝜇 = −𝐼𝑛(0.9265)
𝑓𝑎𝑢𝑙𝑡
= 0.0763
𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟
C.
1
𝑀𝑇𝐵𝐹 =
𝜇
1
=
0.0763
= 13.106
= 13 𝑦𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑠
Question 4
A.

1. Assume that all compounds whose toxicity is unknown are extremely toxic.

2. Recognize the locations of eyewash stations, fire extinguishers, and safety showers in
laboratories.
3. Display a warning message when unusual dangers, dangerous substances, dangerous machinery,
or other unique circumstances are present.

4. Avoid disposing of chemical waste in the sewer or by pouring chemicals down drains.
5. Be familiar with emergency exits.

6. Ensure the closure of all chemical storage containers.

7. Only use equipment for its intended use.

8. Understand the emergency numbers to use when calling for assistance.

9. Laboratory glassware should never be used as a container for food or drink.

10. Contact a technician right away if an instrument or piece of equipment malfunctions while in use
or is not functioning properly. Never attempt to fix a piece of equipment by yourself.

11. Avoid tasting or smelling chemicals.

12. Avoid piping by mouth

B.

1. When accessing laboratories that contain hazardous chemicals, you must wear safety goggles, a
lab coat, long pants, and closed-toed shoes.

2. Chemicals safety goggles offer the essential eye protection when handling corrosive materials.

3. Prevent falls and slides.

4. Recognize the risk of electricity.

5. Draft a plan of action for emergencies.

6. Keep a first aid kit in plain sight that is well filled.

7. Move corrosive substances inside secondary containment.

8. Weight should be distributed evenly in cabinets and on shelves, with heavier things placed lower

To the ground.