leqcia 13

eko-arti, lend-arti

eko-arti. XXs-is 60-iani wlebis bolos xelovnebaSi gaCnda mravali axali

mimarTuleba, romelTac aerTianebs bunebisadmi gansakuTrebiT saTuTi
damokidebuleba. maT saerTo saxelwodeba _ `ekologiuri xelovneba~ aqvT. am
xelovnebis mimdevrebi ibrZodnen xelovnebis komercializaciisa da bunebrivi garemos dabinZurebis
winaaRmdeg. es mimarTuleba daiwyo niu-iorkis dvanis galereaSi mowyobili gamofeniT, romelsac
`miwis namuSevrebi~ ewodeboda.
ekologiuri qandakebis erT-erTi fuZemdebeli, ingliseli xelovani riCard longi
werda: `buneba xelovanTaTvis yovelTvis sayvareli obieqti iyo _ kldeze Sesrulebuli
pirvelyofili naxatebidan dawyebuli da XXs-is peizaJuri fotografiiT damTavrebuli.
mec Sevecade buneba Cemi muSaobis sagnad meqcia, magram axali xerxebiT.
me daviwye garemoSi muSaoba bunebrivi masalebis gamoyenebiT _ iseTebis,
rogoricaa balaxi da wyali, da SemdgomSi es gadaizarda qandakebis Seqmnis
ideaSi~. riCard longi bevrs mogzaurobs planetis yvelaze Soreul kuTxeebSi da Tavisi
mogzaurobebidan misi SemoqmedebisaTvis aucilebeli masalebi Camoaqvs: fotoebi, Canawerebi,
bunebrivi masalebi, romlebisaganac igi instalaciebs da qandakebebs qmnis – an adgilze, bunebriv
garemoSi, an samxatvro galereebSi. misi xelovnebis erT-erTi Zalze mniSvnelovani Temaa gza:
balaxSi gakvaluli bilikebi, sxvadasxva formisa da feris qvebisagan awyobili gzebi irlandiaSi,
himalaebSi, iaponiaSi da sxv. longi werda: `gaseirneba, rogorc xelovneba, idealur saSualebas
warmoadgenda imisTvis, rom gamomekvlia urTierTobebi dros, manZils, geografiasa da ganzomilebas
Soris~.
ekologiuri xelovnebis erT-erTi pirveli moRvawea cnobili ingliseli moqandake
devid neSi. Tavisi namuSevrebisTvis igi mxolod dazianebul xeebs iyenebs,
romlebic mainc mosaWreladaa gamiznuli da cdilobs, rom merqnis umciresi
naWrebic ki ar daikargos uqmad: maTgan igi saxatav naxSirs amzadebs. garda
amisa, neSi gangeb iyenebs gamoumSral merqans _ misgan Seqmnili figurebi
TiTqos sakuTari sicocxliT iwyeben cxovrebas _ droTa ganmavlobaSi icvlian fers,
formas, maT bzarebi uCndebaT, da sabolood odesme xe miwas daubrundeba.
neSi amas `warmaval~ namuSevrebs uwodebs. igi agreTve qmnis `momaval~
qandakebebsac, anu kompoziciebs cocxali, mzardi xeebisagan, romelTac igi
sxlavs, amynobs da amiT sasurvel formas da zrdis mimarTulebas aZlevs.
`warmavali~ da `momavali~ qandakebebis nimuSebia, magaliTad, devid neSis
ori namuSevari: `mdgomi CarCo~ da eskizi kompoziciisaTvis `ifnebis taZari~.
1
 xeebs odiTganve udidesi mniSvneloba eniWeboda miTologiasa da
xelovnebaSi. Cvens droSi, rodesac tyeebs seriozuli safrTxe emuqreba, xelovanTa
didma nawilma – mxatvrebma, moqandakeebma, arqiteqtorebma – gadawyvites,
rom maTi valia sakuTari SemoqmedebiTi aqtivoba maT dasacavad mimarTon. jer
kidev 1941 wels germaneli xelovani iozef boisi werda: `Cven, adamianebi,
vgrZnobT, rom mcenareebi da cxovelebi Cveni monaTesaveni arian. adamiani
bunebis uSualobas idealad miiCnevs~. TviT boisma 80-ian wlebSi ganaxorciela
germaniaSi art-proeqti, romelsac `7000 muxa~ erqva: man da misma
mimdevrebma darges uamravi xe da yoveli maTganis gverdiT qvis stelebi
dasves. ucvleli, uZravi qvisa da mzardi, marad cvalebadi xis wyvilad dgoma
bunebis sxvadasxva elementebis erTianobas niSnavda. boisi ocnebobda, rom
misi proeqti yvela qveyanaSi gagrZeldeboda da dRes, misi gardacvalebis
Semdeg, igi ukve ganxorcielda amerikaSi.
bunebisadmi Rrma pativiscema da masTan erTianoba igrZnoba Tanamedrove
ingliseli moqandakis endi goldsuorsis SemoqmedebaSic, romlis namuSevrebi,
inglisisa da Sotlandiis garda, aris agreTve iaponiaSi, avstraliaSi, aSS-Si da
CrdiloeT poluszedac ki. igi muSaobs mxolod bunebrivi masalebiT, qmnis
kompoziciebs qvebisgan, totebisgan, foTlebisagan, yvavilebisagan, yinulisagan,
qviSisagan da a.S. misi mizania rac SeiZleba Rrmad Seicnos da SeigrZnos
buneba.
iseve, rogorc neSi, goldsuorsi Tvlis, rom bunebaSi yvelaferi icvleba _ izrdeba,
cocxlobs da kvdeba, da aseve cvalebadi da cocxali unda iyos misi namuSevrebi.
amitom igi maT yovelTvis fotoze afiqsirebs.

lend-arti. lend-arti Caisaxa 60-iani wlebis bolos, rodesac ramdenime

amerikeli mxatvari gaemgzavra Soreuli dasavleTis udabnoebSi, raTa epovnaT
alternativa komerciuli xelovnebisaTvis. swored maSin Seiqmna `miwis
xelovnebis~ pirveli nimuSebi. lend-artis mimdevrebi Tavisi Semoqmedebis
masalad da obieqtad realuri bunebis did masivebs iyenebdnen: qmnidnen
xelovnur gorebs da Txrilebs, agebdnen dambebs, aferadebdnen kldeebs,
qmnidnen gigantur qandakebebs bunebrivi masalebisagan da a.S. Tavisi
nawarmoebebis ganTavsebisTvis isini irCevdnen gansakuTrebiT udabur, ukacriel
adgilebs: udabnoebs, kunZulebs, maRalmTian teritoriebs, miudgomel tbebs. am
xerxebiT lend-artis xelovanebi cdilobdnen, daeaxlovebinaT xelovneba da garemo.

2
 lend-arti aris erT-erTi im mimarTulebaTagani, romlebic cdilobdnen,
gaemravalferovebinaT rogorc nawarmoebTa Sesaqmnelad gamoyenebuli
masalebi, aseve maTi ganTavsebis Taviseburebani. iseve, rogorc pop-arti, lend-
arti uaryofs muzeumebSi gamoketil xelovnebas da realobasTan mis dakavSirebas
cdilobs, magram Tu pop-artma uaryo tradiciuli xelovneba da qalaquri mas-
kulturiT Caanacvla igi, lend-artis arseboba bunebriv garemosTanaa dakavSirebuli.
lend-artis gaCena emTxveva ekologiis mimarT sazogadoebrivi interesis zrdas,
garemosdacviTi proeqtebis da zogadad ekologiuri azrovnebis Camoyalibebas. es
nawarmoebebi TavisTavadac warmoadgenen bunebis dacvis erTgvar
saSualebebs: maT mier dakavebuli didi teritoriebi ganaSenianebasa da
dabinZurebas gadaurCa.
amave dros, lend-arti dakavSirebulia istoriul konteqstTanac: zogjer igi
waagavs pirvelyofili adamianis xelovnebasac, aborigenuli tomebis mier Seqmnil
Zeglebsac da a.S. SemTxveviTi araa, rom lend-artis nawarmoebebi xSirad
arqeologiur gaTxrebs mogvagoneben. amiTi xelovani gvagonebs im periodebs,
rodesac adamianis saqmianobas jer ar mohqonda bunebisaTvis esoden didi ziani. amave
dros, xelovanebs izidavda idumalebisa da erTgvari nostalgiis is aura, romelic yovelTvis axlavs Tan
warsuli civilizaciebis kvals. aseTia, magaliTad, nensi holtis uzarmazari konstruqciebi, romlebic, Zveli
megaliTebis msgavsad, astronomiis kanonebis Sesabamisadaa ganlagebuli.
peruSi, naskas udabnoSi, mecnierebi didxans swavlobdnen inkebis tomis
uZveles, idumalebiT mocul arxebis uzarmazar qsels. aravin icoda misi
daniSnuleba, isic gaugebari iyo, Tu rogor SeZles misi ageba Zvelma indielebma.
magram namdvili sensacia maSin moxda, rodesac germanelma mecnierma maria
raixem SemTxveviT gadmoixeda TviTmfrinavidan da dainaxa, rom Turme es
arxebi ki ara, xazebia, romlebic uSvelebel naxatebs qmnis. es aseTi masStabis
CvenTvis cnobili pirveli nawarmoebia. dRes maT `geoglifebs~ uwodeben.
swored amis msgavs namuSevrebs qmnian Tanamedrove xelovanebi, romlebic
axali ekologiuri dargis, lend-artis (anu `miwis xelovnebis~) warmomadgenlebi
arian.
lend-artis nawarmoebebSi buneba foni aRar aris, aq Semoqmedi TviT garemos
gardaqmnis xelovnebis nawarmoebad. XXs-is 60-iani wlebidan mxatvrebi
udabnoebSi, mTebSi, amomSrali tbebis fskerze da sxva miudgomel adgilebSi
sruliad cvlidnen landSafts _ Txridnen Rrmulebs, agebdnen miwayrilebs,
aSenebdnen lodebis an morebis konstruqciebs da a.S. zogierTi maTgani droebiTi
da efemeruli iyo, zogi ki _ mudmivi da monumenturi. amiTi xelovanebi cdilobdnen
3
eCvenebinaT adamianisa da bunebis erTianoba, gamoeTqvaT protesti
Tanamedrove qalaquri civilizaciis winaaRmdeg, romelic maT xelovnurad,
agresiulad, bunebis damangrevlad miaCndaT.
avstralieli moqandakis, endriu rojersis art-proeqti `sicocxlis ritmebi~,
romelic uamrav qveyanaSi Seqmnil geoglifebs moicavs, dRes yvelaze
masStaburia mTel msoflioSi. es qandakebebi sicocxlis maradiulobis da ganaxlebis
simboloa
msoflioSi aseTi tipis erT-erTi yvelaze cnobili nawarmoebia amerikeli
moqandakis robert smiTsonis `spiraluri kaSxali~ greiT solT leikis tbaze. naskas
`naxatebis~ msgavsad, misi formis sruli aRqmac mxolod TviTmfrinavidan
SeiZleba.
aranakleb masStabur da STambeWdav namuSevrebs qmnis lend artis kidev
erTi cnobili warmomadgeneli, moqandake jeims Tereli. misi ukanaskneli
Canafiqria Camqrali rodenis vulkanis kraterSi astronomiuli observatoriis
mowyoba. aq buneba, xelovneba da mecniereba Serwymulia imisTvis, rom
Seqmnilma nawarmoebma udidesi STabeWdileba moaxdinos mnaxvelis
grZnobebze, warmosaxvasa da gonebaze.
masStaburoba, monumenturoba da fantazia axasiaTebs agreTve uolter de
marias namuSevrebsac. yvelaze popularulia misi qmnileba `mexis veli~. udabur
velze 400 wvrili 7-metriani liTonis Rero miwaSi isea CarWobili, rom garkveuli
manZilidan Cans ara TviT Reroebi, aramed maTgan areklili naTeba, romelic
TiTqos TavisiT Cndeba. TviTmxilvelebi yvebian, rom Soreuli mTebis fonze es
zebunebrivi sanaxaoba dedamiwis idumali energiis gamosxivebas hgavs.
fantastikuri efeqti Cndeba aq Weqa-quxilis dros, radganac es adgili
gansakuTrebuli ZaliT izidavs mexs da misi mravalricxovani moelvare zigzagebi
perdapir liTonis Reroebs xvdeba.
iTvleba, rom yvelafris momswre Tanamedrove mayureblis ramiT gakvirveba
SeuZlebelia. magram safrangeTSi moRvawe bulgarelma mxatvarma kristom
(misi namdvili saxelia xristo iavaSevi) es mainc moaxerxa. iseve, rogorc lend-
artis sxva warmomadgenlebis namuSevrebi, misi nawarmoebebic uzarmazaria,
magram masalad igi lodebsa da miwas ki ar iyenebs, aramed nairfer qsovils _
misi saSualebiT igi `fuTavs~ bunebriv Tu adamianis xeliT Seqmnil sxvadasxva
obieqtebs: xidebs, sasaxleebs, xeebs, sanapiroebs da mTel kunZulebsac ki.
magram risi Tqma undoda mxatvars amiT? TviT kristo wers: `qsovilis
gamoyeneba gulisxmobs, rom namuSevari efemerulia da mas gaqroba uweria...
4
am namuSevrebs veravin ver iyidis, isini veravisi sakuTreba ver gaxdeba,
maTgan veravin ver iSovis sargebels, maT sanaxavad saWiro araa bileTebis
yidva. isini Cven TviTonac ki ar gvekuTvnis~ (`Cven~-Si igulisxmeba Jana-klodi,
misi meuRle da Tanaavtori). kristosTvis Zalze mniSvnelovania, rom xelovneba ar
iqces komerciis sagnad, rogorc es xSirad xdeba, iyos Tavisufali da sayovelTao.
swored amitom igi yovelTvis Tavad afinansebs sakuTar proeqtebs, risTvisac
Tanxebs mosamzadebeli masalebis _ eskizebisa da Canaxatebis gayidviT
Soulobs. SesaZloa, Tavisuflebisadmi aseTi ltolva misi biografiiTac aris
ganpirobebuli _ axalgazrdobaSi parizSi samuSaod wasasvlelad mas socialisturi
bulgareTidan gaqceva dasWirda.
kristos erT-erTi yvelaze cnobili nawarmoebia `garSemortymuli kunZulebi~.
mis Sesaqmnelad kristom wyalSi motivtive moelvare vardisferi qsovili Semoavlo
biskais yuris 11 patara kunZuls, romlebic manamde nagavsayrelebad
gamoiyeneboda. misi Semoqmedebis erT-erTi mkvlevari werda: `Zveli peizaJi
cota xniT axal, mSvenier realobad gadaiqca. es yvelaferi uCveulo,
Tavbrudamxvevi harmoniis STabeWdilebas qmnis. gagondeba mones wylis
SroSanebi~ (sxvaTa Soris, es namuSevari kristom swored mones uZRvna).
kristo sagangebod aRniSnavda, rom es proeqti ekologiurad sruliad sufTa da
usafrTxoa.
aranakleb cnobilia kristos sxva namuSevrebic: `gaxveuli napiri. avstralia~,
`morbenali Robe, kalifornia~, `gaxveuli xidi, parizi~, `gaxveuli raixstagi, berlini~,
`qolgebi, iaponia da aSS~ da sxv.