Department of Animal Science

DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL SCIENCE
Visca, Baybay City, Leyte, Philippines

IP Phone: 1017
Email: ansci@vsu.edu.ph
Website: www.vsu.edu.ph
AnSc 22n
INTRODUCTION TO LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY
Name: Renier C. Oronos Offering No: BO79
Course & Year: BSAB 1st year Instructor: Anthony Christian Y. Conde
Laboratory Exercise No. 1
Classification and Breed of Poultry
Introduction:
Classification and breeds of poultry help us to become knowledgeable about
domesticated animals, their characteristics, and more. There are many things we
can learn about this topic, especially how to breed a high-quality chicken, duck, etc.
Breeding refers to an established group of poultry that share the same general bony
shape, weight, and some other characteristics. Color, shape, and size, pattern, type
of comb, and feather pattern are used to categorize the breed's varieties. According
to my knowledge, the strain is a term that refers to a specific breeder who has done
the breeding and has introduced certain economic characteristics.
Learning outcomes:
1. Identify common poultry species, breeds, and types
2. Identify distinguishing characteristics between male and female poultry species

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3. Know the factors to consider in selecting poultry species to be raised under certain
types of production systems
Methodology:
I read some sources from the internet, such as articles and published posts, that
related to the different poultry species, their characteristics, and the differences
between males and females. Since our neighborhood doesn't have a farm for
different poultry species, I gathered information on the internet and wrote it on a
piece of bond paper, then combined the ideas I gathered to come up with a good
introduction.
Discussion:
Table 1. List of poultry species with their technical names and morphological
differences.
Species Technical name Morphological difference
(mature animal)
Male Female Male Female
Chicken Rooster Hen  Pointed feather  Rounded
 Pointed sharp feather
spurs  Sometimes
have spurs but
not sharp at all

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Mallard/ Drake Duck  Curled feathers  Loud in terms
Muscovy at the top of his quaking
duck tail  Shorter wings
 Make a raspy and neck
sound
Turkey Tom Hen  Featherless  No sharp spurs
head  Browned tipped
 Have a beard of breast feathers
whiskers
Geese Gander Goose  Longer and  Shorter neck
thicker neck  Pointed
 Rounded feathers
feathers
Ostrich Rooster Hens  White plumes in  Brown plumes
the wings and in the wings
tail and tail
 Black feathers  Lightbrown
feathers
Quail Cock Hen  Rich gray and  Plainer brown
brown, with a and lack the
black face facial markings
outlined with  No bulge
bold white
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stripes
 Have bulge
As you can see in the table above, it tells about the difference between the male
and female poultry species. They have different characteristics from which we can
directly notice what gender an animal is. For example, the chicken, the male chicken
is called a "rooster" and it has a pointed feather, while the female chicken is called a
"hen" and it has rounded feathers.
Table 2. List of poultry species with representative strains and its characteristics
Breed/Strain Characteristic(s)
Chicken  Plymouth rock  Single comb with
 Brahma moderate size
 Stand in cold
temperature
Mallard/Muscovy duck  Pekin duck  Shank and feet are
 Indian runner reddish orange
 Very erect normal
posture and
straight neck
Turkey  Bourbon  Large carcass and
 Narragansett rich in flavor of

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meat
 Grayish black beak,
orange pink legs
and feet, red
wattles
Geese  Chinese  Body is short and
 Diepholz feather are close
together
 Very short footed
Ostrich  South African  Long and white
ostrich neck
 Zimbabwean blue  Tallest ostrich
Quail  Bobwhite quail  Feathers are
 Japanese quail heavily mottled with
a pattern of brown,
black and white of
various shades
 Head are tawny in
color, with small
black patches
In this table, it shows the breeds or strains of every poultry species with their
characteristics, and we know there are several breeds or strains of every poultry
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species. For example, in the chicken, I chose plymouth rock and brahma. Plymouth
rock has a single comb of moderate size, and brahma can stand cold temperatures.
Table 3. List of poultry production types with their characteristics
Production type Poultry Characteristics
 Require a good amount of
energy and protein to sustain this
fast growth
Poultry Mean production (broilers)
 Have white feathers and
yellowish skin
 Fast growth rate
 The weight is under 2 kilograms
Egg production (layers)  Eyes bright, well opened and
alert
 Body long, deep and
proportionate
 Skin thin, smooth and oily
 Neck short and strong
Game fowl raising  Serrated crest and a square
head
 Cheerful and aggressive
 Broad and strong loins

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 Reddish combined with black
feathers, with medium yellow
legs
Free range chicken production  Warm red combs and wattles
 Firm and strong feather average
 High vigor
 Juicer, tender and better textured
meat
Balut/penoy  Balut is incubated for
approximately 18 days
 Balut is incubated fertilized duck
egg
 Penoy is infertile incubated duck
egg or with dead embryo
 Penoy is taste similar to a regular
fresh hard-boiled egg
In this table, there are different types of production, such as broilers, layers,
fowl, free-range chickens, and balut/penoy, each with their own characteristics. It
clearly states that every poultry species has a role, just like chickens. First, they can
be broilers, which means they can be used as meat. Second, they can also be layers
because they produce eggs. And lastly, chickens can be game fowl. It is a part of the
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culture of the Philippines and it is called sabong, where two chickens fight until there
is a winner.
Answer to Question:
1. What are the factors to consider in selecting poultry animals based on the type of
production? (0.5 points per answer/ 10 points total).
Building a poultry farming business requires a significant financial investment,
which is dependent on the size and location of your farm, which is why investment is
a consideration. Feeders, drinkers, perches, nests, lighting management, waste
disposal, and other poultry equipment and appliances are essential because life
would be difficult without them. One factor is health, as poultry species require
regular check-ups as well as the appropriate vaccines and medications to prevent
diseases and promote growth.
2. Why is it important to classify poultry animals based on their utility potential before
going into production starts? (3 points).
Before going into production, it's critical to classify poultry animals based on their
utility potential, as this is the first thing we need to know to avoid confusion about
where these animals belong and what animal class they belong in, and it will be a
huge help to poultry owners who are new to caring for poultry species.
References:
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https://ias.cafs.uplb.edu.ph/courses-offered/ansc-2/
https://books.google.com.ph/books/about/Introduction_to_Livestock_and_Poultry_Pr.html?
id=zA1HAAAAYAAJ&redir_esc=y

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DEPARTMENT OF ANIMAL SCIENCE

Visca, Baybay City, Leyte, Philippines

INTRODUCTION TO LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY

Name: Renier C. Oronos Offering No: BO79

Laboratory Exercise No. 1

Classification and Breed of Poultry

Classification and breeds of poultry help us to become knowledgeable about

the breeding and has introduced certain economic characteristics.

1. Identify common poultry species, breeds, and types

2. Identify distinguishing characteristics between male and female poultry species

types of production systems

different poultry species, I gathered information on the internet and wrote it on a

Species Technical name Morphological difference

Male Female Male Female

Chicken Rooster Hen  Pointed feather  Rounded

 Pointed sharp feather

have spurs but

not sharp at all

Mallard/ Drake Duck  Curled feathers  Loud in terms

Muscovy at the top of his quaking

duck tail  Shorter wings

 Make a raspy and neck

Turkey Tom Hen  Featherless  No sharp spurs

head  Browned tipped

 Have a beard of breast feathers

Geese Gander Goose  Longer and  Shorter neck

thicker neck  Pointed

Ostrich Rooster Hens  White plumes in  Brown plumes

the wings and in the wings

tail and tail

 Black feathers  Lightbrown

Quail Cock Hen  Rich gray and  Plainer brown

brown, with a and lack the

black face facial markings

outlined with  No bulge

"hen" and it has rounded feathers.

Chicken  Plymouth rock  Single comb with

 Brahma moderate size

Mallard/Muscovy duck  Pekin duck  Shank and feet are

 Indian runner reddish orange

 Very erect normal

Turkey  Bourbon  Large carcass and

 Narragansett rich in flavor of

 Grayish black beak,

orange pink legs

and feet, red

Geese  Chinese  Body is short and

 Diepholz feather are close

 Very short footed

Ostrich  South African  Long and white

 Zimbabwean blue  Tallest ostrich

Quail  Bobwhite quail  Feathers are

 Japanese quail heavily mottled with

black and white of

 Head are tawny in

color, with small

Table 3. List of poultry production types with their characteristics

Production type Poultry Characteristics

 Require a good amount of

energy and protein to sustain this

 Fast growth rate

 The weight is under 2 kilograms