In Sunny Spain
(1882-1885)
Chapter 6
Rizal’s Secret Mission
Rizal’s secret mission (with the blessing of Paciano)
was to observe keenly the life and culture, languages
and customs, industries and commerce, governments,
and laws of European nations
1. life and culture
2. languages and customs
3. industries and commerce
4. governments and laws of the European
nations.
Secret departure for Spain
 Only his older brother (Paciano), his uncle
(Antonio Rivera father of Leonor Rivera),
his sisters ( Neneng and Lucia), the
Valenzuela Family ( Capitan Juan and
Capitana Sanday and their daughter Orang),
Pedro A. Paterno, his compadre Mateo
Evangelista, and Ateneo Jesuits fathers and
some intimate friends, including Chengoy
(Jose M. Cecilio).
 He used the name Jose Mercado, a cousin
from Binan.
May 3, 1882
 Rizal departed on board the Spanish steamer
SALVADORA bound for Singapore
 Rizal’s departure for Spain was kept secret
to avoid detection by the Spanish authorities
and the friars
Singapore
 Donato Lecha- the ship captain from
Asturias, Spain.
  May 8, 1882- while the steamer was
approaching Singapore, Rizal saw a
beautiful island. Fascinated by its scenic
beauty, he remembered “Talim Island with
the Susong Dalaga”. 
May 9, 1882
 the Salvadora docked at Singapore. Rizal
landed and registered
 HOTEL DE LA PAZ
 Spent two days on a sightseeing soiree of
the city, which was a colony of England.
May 11, 1882
Singapore to Colombo
 Rizal transferres into another ship
Djemnah,a french steamer
 Among these passengers were British,
French, Dutch, Spaniards, Malays, Siamese,
and Filipinos (Mr. and Mrs. Salazar, Mr.
Vicente Pardo, and Jose Rizal).
May 17, 1882
 the Djemnah reached Point Galle, a
seacoast town in Southern Ceylon (now Sri
Lanka).
 Resumed the voyage towards Colombo the
capital of Ceylon.
 From Colombo, the Djemnah continued the
voyage crossing the Indian Ocean to the
Cape of Guardafui, Africa.
 At the next stop over- in Aden- Rizal went
ashore to see the sights. He found the city
hotter than Manila.
First Trip to Suez Canal
 From Aden, the Djemnah proceeded to the
city of the of Suez, the Red Sea terminal of
the Suez Canal.
 Five days to transverse the Suez Canal.
 Built by Ferdinand de Lesseps (French
diplomat engineer).
 Inaugurated on November 17, 1869. at Fort
Said, the Mediterranean terminal of the Suez
Canal.
June 11, 1882
Naples and Marseilles
 Rizal Reached Naples on June 11
 He was fascinated with Mt. Vesuvius,
Castle of St. Telmo
June 12, 1882
 Disembarked on Marseilles on night of June
12
 Visited famous Chateu d’lf
 From alexander dumas’ The Count of Monte
Cristo
June 16, 1882
Barcelona 7. Consuelo Ortega y Perez
 Rizal arrived in Barcelona by June 16, 1882 • During Rizal’s stay in Madrid, he would
 Has first impression of being unfavorable frequently visit the home of Don Pablo Ortiga
 Atmosphere of freedom and liberalism y Rey who lived with his son Rafael and
 Rizal wrote a nationalistic essay entitled daughter Consuelo.
“Amor Patrio” (Love of Country). • Don Pablo was a former city mayor of Manila
during the administration of the liberal
August 29, 1882 governor general Carlos Ma. De la Torre.
 He wrote this essay on the request of his • Rizal was attracted by Consuelo’s beauty. As
friend, Basilio Teodoro Moran, publisher he made a poem entitled A La Senorita C.O. y
of the first bilingual newspaper in Manila, P. to express his admiration for her.
the Diariong Tagalog on August 20, 1882.
(Spanish and Tagalog) 8. Rizal, however, backed out from his romance
 Pen name Laong Laan. with Consuelo because
 The essay caused quite a stir among the • (1) he was still engaged with Leonor Rivera
readers in the Philippines. and
• (2) his friend and co-worker in the
Manila to Madrid Propaganda Movement, Eduardo de Lete was
madly in love with Consuelo.
 cholera that was ravaging Manila and the
9. Romance with
provinces.
Consuelo Ortega y Rey 
 On a letter he received from Paciano dated
• In 1882, shortly after his arrival in Madrid,
September 15, 1882, the Calamba folks
Rizal joined the Circulo Hispano-Filipino
were having afternoon novenas and
(Hispano-Philippine Circle), a society of
nocturnal procession, praying to God to stop
Spaniards and Filipinos.
the dreadful epidemic
• Upon request of the members of the society, he
 Another sad news he received was from wrote a poem entitled Me Piden Versos (They
Chengoy (Jose M. Cecilio) telling how Asked Me for Verses). In this sad poem, he
Leonor Rivera was getting thinner poured out the cry of his agonizing heart, as
because of the absence of a loved one follows;
Life in Madrid 10. Rizal as a Lover of Books
 Upon Paciano’s advise, Rizal left Barcelona • Favorite pastime in Madrid
in the fall of 1882 and established himself in • Purchased books from second hand book-
Madrid, the capital of Spain. stores
 At Madrid he enrolled at the Universidad
Central de Madrid (Central University of 11. Amongst Rizal’s collection of books are:
Madrid) on November 3, 1882
 There he took two courses: Medicine and 12. Bible
Philosophy and Letters. 13. Hebrew Grammar
 Aside from his studies, Rizal also took 14. Lives of the Presidents of the U.S. Complete
painting and sculpture at the Academy of Works of Voltaire
Fine Arts of San Fernando 15. Complete Works of Horace
5. Life in Madrid 16. Complete Works of C. Bernard History of the
6. Lessons in fencing, at the schools French Revolution
of Sanzan Carbonel 17. The Wandering Jew
• Lived frugally and led a spartan life 18. Ancient Poetry
• Stated that only extravagance was investing a 19. Paris,France
few pesitas for a lottery ticket in every draw of • Rizal’s first summer June 17-august 20,1883
Madrid Lottery • Enamored with Paris with boulevards and
• Attends reunions at the Paterno Brother’s sights
house • Mistaken as a Japanese by the Parisians
• On Saturday evenings, he visited the home of • Quotes Paris “Costliest Capital in Europe”
Pablo Ortega y Rey who lived with his Son 20. As a Mason
Rafael and Daughter Consuelo
• Rizal was impressed by the way Spanish
Masons openly and freely critized the
government policies,which could not be done
with the Philippines that time
• Joined Acacia
21. Financial Worries
• Harvest of rice and sugarcane failed because
of locust and drought
• Increased rentals on haciendas
• A dreadful pest that killed almost all of the
turkeys
• The Hacienda manager was enraged when he
was once refused for a turkey and increased
the lease.
• Rizal’s allowance were late in arrival or
sometimes they never arrived
22. Financial Worries
• June 24, 1884:
• Because he was broke,he was unable to have
any breakfast,attended class at university
participated in contest in Greek Language and
won gold medal
• In evening of same day,he was able to eat for
he was a guest speaker in a baquet held in
honor of Juan Luna and Felix Resurreccion
Hidalgo at Resturant Ingles,Madrid
23. Salute to Luna and Hidalgo
• National Exposition of Fine Arts in Madrid -
1884
• The Filipino community in Spain sponsored a
banquet to celebrate the double victory of the
Filipino artist in the National Exposition of
Fine Arts in Madrid.
• Juan Luna, with his Spoliarium won the first
prize.
• Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo won the second
prize with his Christian Virgins Exposed to the
Populace
• Spoliarium
24. Christian Virgins Exposed to the Populace
25. Salute to Luna and Hidalgo
26. Rizal in his speech, saluted Luna and Hidalgo
as two glories for Spain and the Philippines,
whose artistic achievements transcended
geographical frontiers and racial origins.
27. In Rizal’s speech, he said genius is universal.
“Genius knows no country, genius sprouts
everwhere, genius is like light, air, the
patrimony of everybody, cosmopolitan like
space, like life, like God.”
28. Student Demonstrations
• November 20-22,1884 a riot was held by the
students of Central University
• the address of Dr. Miguel Morayta, a professor
of history caused his dismissal which led to a
violent demonstrations
29. Student Demonstration
• November 20,1884:
• “viva Morayta! Down with Bishops!”
• “down with Creus!”
newly appointed rector
Chaos ensued
• November 22,1884:
• Police occupied the university
• Rizal had to go under disguise
• He swore never to return to the university
• Until their satisfaction and the old rector was
reinstituted
30. Student Demonstration
• Becomes a sensational controversy,where
papers,except ministry are in the students
favor, a rich banker even gives ten thousand
duros to the ex-rector to bail students and
professors
31. Studies completed in Spain.
32. The academic year 1884-1885 Rizal passed all
subjects leading to the degree of Doctor of
Medicine.
33. Rizal completed his medical course in Spain.
He was awarded the Degree of Licentiate in
Medicine by the Universidad Central de
Madrid on June 21, 1884.
34. Studies completed in Spain.
35. The next academic year (1884-85) he studied
and passed all subjects leading to the Degree
of Doctor of Medicine. However, he was not
awarded his Doctors Diploma because he did
not present his thesis nor paid the
corresponding fees
36. Rizal also finished his studies in Philosophy
and Letters and was awarded the degree on
June 19, 1885, his 24th birthday as
Sobresaliente.
37. Studies completed in Spain.
38. By obtaining a degree in Philosophy and
Letters, Rizal became qualified to be a
professor of humanities in any Spanish
university.
39. He did not bother to secure the post-graduate
degree of Doctor of Medicine because it was
also good only for teaching.
40. Studies completed in Spain.
41. Rizal knew, however, that with his brown
color and Asian racial ancestry no friar-owned
university or college in the Philippines would
accept him in its faculty staff.