THEORETICAL FOUNDATION IN NURSING retain or maintain meaningful care

Leininger’s Theory of Culture Care Diversity values and lifeways for their wellbeing,
and Universality and to recover from illness or to deal
Madeleine Leininger with handicaps or death.
 “Transcultural Theory of Nursing” Culture care accommodation or negotiation
 Nursing - art of improving and
providing culturally, congruent care to  assists, supports, enables and
people. facilitates the help needed by clients to
 caring is the true essence of nursing. adopt to or negotiate with others for
Transcultural nursing meaningful, beneficial and congruent
 focuses on diverse cultures and health care.
subcultures in relation to their caring
Culture care re-patterning or restructuring
values, expressions and beliefs and
patterns of behavior.  assisting, supports, enables, and
 caring is the true essence of nursing. facilitates the help needed by clients to
Concepts and Definitions reorder, change or modify their
Human Care and Caring
lifeways for new, different, and
 expression of ways that assist, support,
beneficial outcomes.
enable, and/or facilitate help for
oneself or others. Culturally competent nursing care
Culture
 practices, lifeways, values, beliefs, and  nursing care and health knowledge in
norms of individuals, groups, or sensitive, meaningful, and creative
institutions that are learned, shared, ways congruent to the general lifeways
and transmitted from one generation and needs of the client.
to the next generation.
Culture Care Application of the Theory
 caring acts that assist, support, enable
 As nurses, it is important to learn the
of facilitate help for individual, groups,
cultures of other people because each
or institutions.
Culture Care Diversity culture has its own set of patterns,
 different beliefs, meanings, patterns, expressions, and values of caring.
values, symbols and lifeways of caring
within and between cultures and
human beings.
Cultural Care Universality
 similarities of caring patterns among
cultures.
World View
 how a person looks at and understand
the world around him.
Cultural and Social Structure Dimensions
 dynamic, holistic, and interrelated
patterns of structured features of a
culture.
Environment context
 totality of an environment, situation or
event, which can give meanings that
will guide expression and decision.
Culture care preservation or maintenance
 assists, supports, enables, and
facilitates the help needed by clients to