SCIENCE 9

» °𝐹 = 5 °𝐶 + 32
5
• CHEMISTRY » °𝐶 = 9 (°𝐹 − 32)
- Branch of science that deals with the study of - SI units: K
composition, properties and structure of elements » K – kelvin
and compounds. » °C – Celsius
» °F – Fahrenheit
MATTER 3. VOLUME
- Space occupied in a container
- Anything that occupy space, has mass and volume - Formula: V=L*W*H
- Composed of tiny particles called atom → Greek - SI units:
word ATOMOS → means “indivisible” » L – liters
» mL – milliliters
» cm3 – cubic centimeter
4. MOLE
- Measure the amount of moles (mol)
- 1 moles = 6.0221023 → Avogadro’s number –
Amadeo Avogadro

! THINGS TO REMEMBER !

•
Thales
- All element of matter is composed of water
• Aristotle
SUB-ATOMIC PARTICLES - States that there are 4 elements (earth, water,
air, fire)
•
Nucleus • John Dalton
- Center of atom composed of protons & neutron - Proposed the atomic theory
• Protons • Quantum
- Positive charge - Discrete unit of energy
• Neutron ➢ Atomic number is equal to protons and electrons
- Neutral charge ➢ Atomic mass is equal to protons + neutrons
• Nucleus ➢ Neutrons = atomic mass - protons
- Negative charge

STATES OF MATTER
GAS LAWS
➢ SOLID – “compact”
1. BOYLE’S LAW
➢ LIQUID – “flowing”
- States that there is an inverse relationship
➢ GAS - “moving”
between the pressure and volume at a constant
➢ PLASMAS
temperature.
➢ BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATES
➢ PROPONENT: Robert Boyle
➢ FERMIONIC CONDENSATES
➢ PROPERTIES:
PROPERTIES THAT DESCRIBE GAS a. Pressure
b. Volume
1. PRESSURE
➢ FORMULA: P1V1=P2V2
- Force acting upon an area
𝐹
WHERE:
- Formula: 𝑃 = 𝐴 » P1 – initial pressure
- SI units: » V1 – initial volume
» atm – atmosphere → barometer » P2 – final pressure
» Torr – toricelli → Evangelista Toricelli – » V2 – final volume
discovered barometer 2. CHARLES’S LAW
» KpA – kilopascal - States that volume of the gas is directly
» PSI – pounds per square inch proportional to the temperature at constant
» mmHg – millimeter of mercury pressure.
2. TEMPERATURE ➢ PROPONENT: Jacques Charles (1746-1823)
- Degree of hotness/coldeness of an object ➢ PROPERTIES:
- Measures the average kinesthetic energy – a. Volume
movement of gas particles b. Temperature
𝑉1 𝑉2
- Formula: ➢ FORMULA: 𝑇1 = 𝑇2
» 𝐾 = °𝐶 + 273.15
 WHERE: CHARLES’S LAW
» V1 – initial volume
» V2 – final volume 1. A gas sample at 40.0°C occupies a volume of 2.32 L.
» T1 – initial temperature If the temperature is raised to 75.0°C, what will the
» T2 – final temperature volume be, assuming the pressure remains
constant?

CONVERSIONS

1. PRESSURE
• 1atm = 101.325 kPa
= 760 Torr
= 14.7 psi
= 760 mmHg
2. TEMPERATURE
• 𝐾 = °𝐶 + 273.15
9
• °𝐹 = °𝐶 + 32
5
5
• °𝐶 = (°𝐹 − 32)
9
3. VOLUME
1L = 1000 mL
= 1000 cm3

SAMPLE PROBLEMS

BOYLE’S LAW

1. A sample of oxygen gas at 3atm has a volume of

100L. When compressed its volume is reduced to
73L. What is the pressure on the gas when the
volume is 73L?

2. A sample of gas has a volume of 4L at a pressure of

500 kPa. If the pressure is lowered to 200 kPa what
would the volume be?