Professional Documents
Culture Documents
by
CATHERINE G. PEREZ
GRADUATE SCHOOL
Accepted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree in Master in Public
Administration (Non-Thesis)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to express my sincerest gratitude to my adviser, Ms. Cecilia C. Garson for
Development Corporation, Engr. Richard I. Ygat, Engr. Mary Rose Mendaro, and Engr. Marilyn
Sto.Domingo of Construction Department for their courtesy and technical assistance with the
My loving family deserves a special thank you for all of your support and efforts. You
have always supported me with an unwavering affection that keeps me motivated to continue
with my graduate studies. Most of all, I offer this success with highest honor and glory to our
CGP
i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TITLE PAGE i
APPROVAL SHEET ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iii
TABLE OF CONTENTS iv
LIST OF TABLES v
LIST OF FIGURES vi
MONITORING
REFERENCES 20
CURRICULUM VITAE 21
i
LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Page
Chapter 1
PROJECT BACKGROUND
Rationale
Human beings have several basic needs. Among these, a major basic necessity is
toilets. No matter where or how people require to use the washroom because you never
know when “nature calls”. Now, imagine if you are stuck at a music concert and want to
use the loo, and the closest hotel is at least 1 kilometer away. What would you do? To
exactly avoid situations like these, genius equipment known as a portable toilet was
introduced.
Also known as a porta potty, this form of toilets like the name suggests, are
simply portable. Unlike traditional lavatories, these are not attached to pit or septic tank,
sewages and such. Instead, literally like the name, they are equipped with a holding tank
of sorts that can be easily picked up and moved. Apart from this, they come with
chemicals so that there is no bad odor, and the waste is neutralized. In fact, there are even
employees safe and healthy. Bathrooms and toilets of both the outside world or
workplaces play an important role because they are often visited by several people
throughout the day. Therefore, when it comes to protecting employees from illness,
2
having a clean toilet at the office can help combat germs, bacteria, insects, and other
The primary purpose of bathrooms is to help people maintain hygiene and prevent
increases the chances for bacteria and microorganisms to grow inside. This can
potentially lead to infections or illnesses such as food poisoning or even serious diseases
like hepatitis A or E. coli from coming into contact with contaminated surfaces or
materials.
visit these facilities daily for personal needs, thus having a direct negative impact on
Considering these points, it is essential for employers to ensure that their toilets
are properly cleaned so that employee health remains intact at all times. Regular cleaning
with EPA-approved disinfectants using proper techniques should be practiced both inside
and outside of the restrooms frequently in order to keep them safe from any hazardous
germ exposure that could otherwise cause serious harm if gone unnoticed.
In addition, employers should also place clear signs informing people about
handwashing after using the bathroom as this small step can go a long way in ensuring
Given the above stated problems, it's crucial to comprehend the significance of
having a portable toilet in many building sites to prevent environmental pollution with
3
human waste. Without adequate sanitation facilities, waste from ill persons can
contaminate the soil and water of a community, increasing the risk of infection for other
people. This is why Baldo Construction and Development Corporation will procure
Justification
under Article 132 it states that an employer must establish separate toilet rooms and
lavatories for men and women and provide at least a dressing room for women.
environmental contamination, and reduce risk to themselves and their neighbors, proper
sanitation facilities (such as toilets and latrines) promote health. Many people throughout
the world lack access to sanitation facilities, which leads to poor waste disposal. This
prevents trash from being adequately contained away from people and ensures that it is
properly handled before being released into the environment or posing other concerns.
environment with human excrement. Waste from infected people can contaminate a
community's land and water without proper sanitation facilities, raising the risk of
infection for other people. Proper waste disposal can slow the infection cycle of many
disease-causing agents. Spread numerous illnesses and conditions that can result in
widespread illness and death. Without proper sanitation facilities, people often have no
choice but to live in and drink water from an environment contaminated with waste from
infected individuals, thereby putting themselves at risk for future infection. Poor waste
4
disposal promotes the infection cycle of many bacteria and other pathogens that can be
transferred through contaminated soil, food, water, and insects such as flies.
Over one third of schools worldwide still do not have access to basic water,
sanitation, and hygiene services, according to the World Health Organization and
UNICEF. WASH facilities that are adequate for females are particularly crucial for
supporting their safe and healthy involvement in school and have been linked to
increased girls' attendance. At least 10% of women and girls lacked a separate bathroom
and changing area at home in at least 15 of the 36 nations examined. Moreover, women
and girls are more likely to be in charge of fetching water for their family.
5
Chapter 2
evolved in Design, Project Management and Small Construction Project. Due to our
delivering company’s service and its capitalization. The company aims to engage in a
more complex and competitive business undertakings and to provide highly professional
expectation.
The first toilets that have been discovered date back to the third millennium B.C.
In Scotland, rudimentary restrooms have been found in the shape of niches in stone walls
of homes dating to circa 2,800 B.C. About the same period, Pakistan appears to have
started building brick restrooms with wooden seats in the Western manner. A chute
carried sewage to a sewer or cesspool. Toilets have been discovered in Egyptian tomb
bathrooms, maybe for use in the afterlife. Midway through the fourteenth century B.C.,
Until the seventeenth century, the portable chamber pot, a little more modern
form of this first portable toilet, was the most often used lavatory facility. The notion of a
flushable toilet was developed by the Elizabethan poet Sir John Harington, who designed
an indoor water closet containing a toilet facility that could dilute sewage with water
contained in a cistern. Thomas Crapper, who developed the first flushable toilet in 1886
6
with a water tank elevated above the toilet bowl to actually flush out the contents of the
bowl rather than merely dilute them, significantly improved this invention. As public
The portability of earlier lavatories and the sanitary advantages of the modern
toilet were combined by inventors in the 20th century to produce a contained system that
is also portable, lightweight, and compact. The porta-john, which is a common name for
this device after one well-known manufacturer, is now a standard fixture at construction
The construction of a septic tank using plastic drums is located under the train
guideway which is a temporary facility for the contractors of Station 6 Batasan Station.
The whole lot was acquired by the government intended for the construction of Batasan
Station. San Miguel Corporation is the General Contractor of this project and Baldo
Figure 1 shows the location and development plan of the proposed construction
of a septic tank that will be constructed under the train guideway for a temporary portalet
of manpower and staff within the vicinity of Barangay Batasan Hills, Commonwealth,
Quezon City.
Project Beneficiaries
associated with their portability, even if they are more expensive than a typical,
permanent outdoor latrine. They are often drained, cleaned, disinfected, and deodorized
on a regular basis because they are rented to clients by businesses that guarantee their
8
cleanliness. They don't clog because they are not plumbed. A pick-up truck's back can
accommodate one portable toilet. During the course of a 40-hour work week, a typical
portable toilet may contain enough sewage for 10 persons before the hold becomes
unhygienic.
Some construction firms could be under the false impression that site workers
should be expected to find restrooms on their own when they are in need at neighboring
restaurants, malls, or gas stations. Although this way of thinking saves money because
you don't have to pay to build or rent a bathroom, it is quite inconvenient for employees.
They must halt their job and search for a restroom on foot or by car. Workers no longer
have to leave the job site to use the restroom thanks to on-site portable toilets.
don't have to take extended breaks to find a nearby public restroom. With an onsite
portable toilet, they can take shorter breaks and get back to work in no time. With an
offsite bathroom, workers spend significant time going and coming back. The time
increases when they can't find a facility nearby and get distracted on the way. For
instance, a worker might take time to grab a snack, drink, or make phone calls. Second,
onsite portable toilets can keep workers happier and satisfied when they don't have to
bear the hassle of searching for offsite bathrooms. Happier workers are often more
productive and spend more time working and much less worrying about when they have
to use the restroom. Third, workers are more likely to perform better when they know
their employers care about them and offer the necessary amenities to ensure their
comfort.
9
Over 371 manpower and 48 staff will benefit this project. Plastic drums are 100%
environment friendly, making them more economical while reducing their impact on the
environment. In order to keep the portalets from smelling unpleasant, they only need to
Foreman 9 Utility 9
Leadman 30 Warehouseman 4
Electrician 8 Timekeeper 3
Erectors 6 Rigger 2
Plumber 5
TOTAL: 48
Table 1 shows the list of manpower and staff who will benefit from the
construction of a septic tank which provides clean and pleasant temporary toilets.
Project Objectives
The project generally aims to construct the septic tank using plastic drums in
support of the health and sanitation of manpower and staff in the Batasan Station Project.
1. Ensure that people working or located in areas without indoor plumbing can use a
4. Have pleasant and comfortable portalets for the manpower and staff of the
project.
Chapter 3
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The outhouse, a traditional facility for disposing of human waste before the
invention of indoor plumbing, has been replaced by the portable toilet, which is lighter,
more portable, more effective, and more hygienic. Before the invention of indoor
plumbing, which made it possible to develop a system for moving human waste from a
container to a sewer system via a network of pipes and other plumbing equipment, people
frequently took care of their need to relieve themselves in an isolated stall outside of
12
living and working quarters, if they chose to use any kind of structure at all. This stall
usually had a bench with a big hole carved in it. Directly into the ground below, the
garbage was deposited via the opening. The water closet, an indoor facility with a water
tank and a flushing system that dumped the waste in a cesspit below, was a more upscale
The first modern toilet was created in 1843 as a result of the development of
indoor plumbing, but widespread use of toilets connected to sewage systems did not
occur until the Victorian era, when new sewage systems were built. Yet, persons who
worked or otherwise gathered in outdoor spaces without access to such a facility did not
benefit from this innovation. Some of these locations, including numerous rest stops
along roads, campgrounds, and kid's summer camps, still employ outdated outhouses.
Since at least the 1960s, many other locations, particularly those where people gather
only briefly, have offered light, hygienic portable restrooms. These facilities typically
take the form of easily transportable, private, individual plastic stalls with toilets, each
with its own independent sanitary system made up of crude plumbing, a holding tank, and
sanitizing chemicals.
The most frequent locations for the use of portable toilets include construction
sites, outdoor parking lots, and other workplaces without access to indoor plumbing, as
well as at sizable outdoor gatherings like concerts, fairs, and leisure activities.
The toilet unit is made of lightweight, inflexible sheet plastic that has been shaped
into a box-like construction and fastened with screws, bolts, and rivets. An aperture for
the toilet tank placement is present in the top sheet. It's possible that these permanent
attachments won't secure the top sheet, making it simple to remove for tank cleaning. The
13
top sheet could be secured with a lock to prevent unauthorized removal. The actual toilet
tank that is installed in this unit is constructed from the same material and has a front wall
that is corrugated and flat, and a back wall that is rounded. A peripheral flange that juts
outward and downward forms the upper edge of the toilet tank. Two flat semi-circular
plastic sheets are joined together to make the cover for the toilet tank. The front lip of the
upper sheet extends downward, the rear lip of the lower sheet extends upward and
outward to latch onto the peripheral flange of the toilet bowl, and the peripheral edge lip
of the lower sheet extends downward. There is a central toilet entrance on both sheets.
Over the toilet bowl, a typical plastic toilet seat is positioned and hinged to the assembly.
A metal wear plate that is fastened to the seat's bottom surface is pushed upward by a pin
that is attached to the seat. The pin passes through a bracket and a cover before extending
downward. A coil spring is positioned around the pin underneath the bracket. When the
seat is not in use, the upper end of the coil engages a washer attached to the pin to keep it
upright. (Note: Not all portable toilets can be flushed; those that can't only have
chemicals in the holding tank and don't have this or the next two steps in the
manufacturing process.) A pair of flat, plastic doors that are hinged to bosses attached to
the tank's bottom cover the toilet entrance. Metal linkages join these doors to the toilet
without indoor plumbing, portable toilets will certainly be required. Although this
design. For instance, at least one manufacturer creates portable restrooms with detachable
joints that make it simple to disassemble the unit and improve its portability. There are
14
also plans to develop alternatives to chemical sanitizing agents. At least one business
already produces an organic solution that deodorizes and sanitizes similarly to the
The holding tanks for portable toilets must be emptied and the contents disposed
of in line with local, state, and federal environmental laws. Normally, the sanitizing
agents used in portable restroom facilities are biodegradable and don't require particular
disposal procedures. The sewage in the holding tanks must be removed in accordance
with all applicable municipal, state, and federal regulations. For instance, in Michigan,
treatment works (POTW) facility via the regional sewage system. Both of these things
call for permits. Additionally, the garbage may be delivered to the POTW, which does
Mission
To provide the workers and employees in our building site with clean,
Vision
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS:
Figure 3 shows the drawing of portable toilet. There are not many items required
for portable toilet assembly. Lightweight sheet plastic, like polyethylene, makes up the
majority of the structure and is used to construct both the cabana and the actual toilet
unit. The portable sewage system is composed of a pump and holding tank. A range of
hinges, screws, nails, rivets, and bolts are used to secure these objects. The facility also
Chapter 4
PROJECT ORGANIZATION
The functions of the people that will be involved and who will facilitate the
vital outline for determining the hierarchy of people, their functions, workflow, and
reporting system.
The head of the staff with the highest rank is the Project Manager, who will
manage the production of the required deliverables, planning and monitoring the overall
18
progress of the project. After that, there is a Foreman, he is responsible for supervising
and coordinating the work of skilled workers and laborer in the entire project. They must
ensure that the work is completed on time, within budget, and to the specified quality
standards. Lastly, Utility personnel, he/she is responsible for maintaining the cleanliness
Chapter 5
PROJECT TIMELINE
For its complete construction, which includes excavation and plastic drum
installation, the septic tank at Batasan Station must be finished in Seven (7) calendar
days. The deployment of over 371 people and 48 staff will be assigned with their
respective portable toilet for use in daily operations during the construction of Batasan
Station.
Table 4 displays the daily schedule based on how many days are needed to
accomplish each septic tank construction task before the project is finished. The project
timeline will be implemented throughout the course of the next 10 calendar days as
planned.
Chapter 6
PROJECT COST
budget allocation for the construction of a septic tank using plastic drums in Batasan
Station, which will address the impending need for staff and manpower at a construction
Table 5 reveals the cost that will be required to procure a portable toilet. The
benefit of having a portable toilet in the construction site are workers don't have to take
extended breaks to find a nearby public restroom. With an onsite portable toilet, they can
take shorter breaks and get back to work in no time. Onsite portable toilets can keep
workers happier and satisfied when they don't have to bear the hassle of searching for
offsite bathrooms. Workers are more likely to perform better when they know their
employers care about them and offer the necessary amenities to ensure their comfort.
Chapter 7
Proper maintenance is the first step to keeping portable toilets odor-free and
clean. This is especially true for multi-day events or long-term jobsite rentals where
frequent use is typical. Even though the coronavirus pandemic has practically stopped
large-scale events like concerts and festivals, the rental market for portable toilets will
grow to about $25 billion by 2025. To guarantee that customers who use the units are
clean, safe, and using well-maintained toilets, clients in the wastewater and sanitation
industry might take a few specific actions. These are a few things you need to maintain a
portable toilet.
Cleaning the tank in order to use it again is a crucial part of portable toilet
maintenance. The usual method for maintaining airflow and breaking down waste is to
fill the septic tank with an addition. Undoubtedly, the scent might be overpowering at
times, but a big part of the problem is that the stench has nowhere to go.
21
Customers must remember to leave the door open and let air flow when cleaning.
This facilitates airing out the units between cleanings and bringing in fresh air. It is
preferable to have a high-pressure water gun and vacuum tank provided for thorough
cleaning of the portable restroom's inside and exterior. The greatest cleaning option is
Clients in the sector should be aware that they should work with the most recent
Septic Treatment Coverage to guard against a claim that could, in a sense, clean them out.
Protection from a variety of issues, including environmental taxes, disputes over charges,
Pumping out the units as part of sanitizing ensures that all waste is eliminated. A
hose should be installed completely at the bottom and to one side by cleaners to assist
prevent debris from being sucked into the hose and clogging it. After the trash level is
low, cleaners should determine whether any debris has to be removed from the tank of
the machine. The waste should then be dumped at a designated disposal site that has been
Cleaners should fill the holding tank with water that has been diluted with new
chemical deodorizing chemicals, often known as blue goods, after vacuuming and
cleaning. Deodorizers are available in packets or liquid form, with packets being more
convenient for short cleaning procedures and liquid being more concentrated.
Toilet paper holders can conceal fragrance enhancers, which are frequently
shaped like discs. This product disperses clean smells while preventing toilet odor. Also,
if a station has a urinal as well, cleaners should also use a puck-style urinal deodorizer.
22
While these items won't keep the apartments smelling fresh forever, they will aid in
masking the smell and halt the spread of new germs in between cleanings.
After the portable unit has undergone maintenance, cleaners should make sure
they have the necessary consumables on hand. This includes soap, air freshener, hand
sanitizer, paper towels, and toilet paper. If the unit has a trash can, it needs to be empty
on a regular basis.
Baldo Construction and Development Corporation's project manager will lead the
implementation of this project with the assistance of utility personnel to ensure the
cleanliness and sanitization of temporary restrooms that use plastic drums as septic tanks.
In order to keep the portable toilet clean, the utilities staff will monitor and inspect the
restroom daily.
Chapter 8
FEASIBILITY ASSESSMENT
Portable toilets are invaluable resources on any construction site and have
numerous benefits for workers, clients, and the environment. Whether you plan to
remodel an office space, build a new home, or extend a commercial garage, portable
bathrooms play a crucial role in keeping the job site safe, efficient, and healthy.
23
REFERENCE:
Article 130 [132] in the Labor Code of the Philippines expound the Facilities for Women
hygiene: 2017 update and SDG baselines. [PDF – 66 pages] United States: UNICEF and
WHO, Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation, 2017.
sanitation and hygiene 2000-2020: five years into the SDGs [PDF – 164 pages]. 2021.
https://www.mycleaningservicespetalingjaya.com.my/blog/the-importance-of-clean-
toilet-in-office/
24
CURRICULUM VITAE
CATHERINE G. PEREZ
Perez Beach Camp, Korokan, Lipay-Dingin, Iba, Zambales
0977-628-5811
engrkateperez11@gmail.com
Personal Data:
25
Educational Background:
Work Experience:
Site Engineer
PAR Construction
Brgy. Putting - Kahoy, Silang, Cavite
August 2016 – November 2017
References: