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  • L - M - Aznl @M Nerzmh - L - M - Aznl @M Nerzmh - L L Elrnstmcl Elgmn Elrnstmcl Elgmn

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    Jaqueline Antunes Damaceno
    9 views104 pages
    1. The author discusses practicing mindfulness to strengthen the relationship between a teacher and student. Mindfulness helps both parties understand each other better and progress together. 2. Exercising mindfulness requires constant practice. It is difficult but becoming more aware of one's thoughts and reactions can help improve communication and understanding over time. 3. When teacher and student practice mindfulness, it allows them to work through challenges together respectfully while pursuing their shared goal of learning.

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    1. The author discusses practicing mindfulness to strengthen the relationship between a teacher and student. Mindfulness helps both parties understand each other better and progress together. 2. Exercising mindfulness requires constant practice. It is difficult but becoming more aware of one's thoughts and reactions can help improve communication and understanding over time. 3. When teacher and student practice mindfulness, it allows them to work through challenges together respectfully while pursuing their shared goal of learning.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    9 views104 pages

    L - M - Aznl @M Nerzmh - L - M - Aznl @M Nerzmh - L L Elrnstmcl Elgmn Elrnstmcl Elgmn

    Uploaded by

    Jaqueline Antunes Damaceno
    1. The author discusses practicing mindfulness to strengthen the relationship between a teacher and student. Mindfulness helps both parties understand each other better and progress together. 2. Exercising mindfulness requires constant practice. It is difficult but becoming more aware of one's thoughts and reactions can help improve communication and understanding over time. 3. When teacher and student practice mindfulness, it allows them to work through challenges together respectfully while pursuing their shared goal of learning.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 104

     

     L__M__AZNL @M NERZMH_L
    NERZMH_L
    Elrnstmcl Elgmn
     

    _]ELZNA 

     NHPZA@]ËÏA
     NHPZA @]ËÏA
     Mxmroåona `m
    ` m fahmstn`l`m
    fahmstn`l `m
     Hïa sm loaea`
    loaea`mm

    OLRÅP]CA N 
    \umr mholrlr a `mslgna1
    Î lqun qum vaoä mhtrl
    Daka `m plonähonl
     Hme tu`a a qum l neprmhs
    neprmhsll pujcnol
    pujcnol î vmr`l`m
    vmr`l`m
    L "eì-vahtl`m" `as darhlcnstls `m rm`lëïa

    OLRNP]CA NW 
     Mhtrm
     Mhtrm ue jae rmpÿrt
    rmpÿrtmr
    mr m ue
    ue jae lssmss
    lssmssar 
    ar 
    Kmstar mstrltîknoa
    A qum î `m nhtmrmssm pôjcnoa
     plrl ue cl`a
    cl`a î tlejîe plrl a autra1
    autra1
    Lnh`l mxnstme ajdmtnvas me oaeue
    ]e hava ea`mca `m oaeuhnolëïa

    OLRÅP]CA NNN 
     Lssmssarnl
     Lssmssarnl `m neprmh
    neprmhsl
    sl au rmcl
    rmclëýms
    ëýms pôjcno
    pôjcnols
    ls
    "A pôjcnoa qum sm `lhm"
    A pmsa `l kumrrl
    L mxpmrnähonl jrlsncmnrl
    L eìoucl `ls `ntl`urls
    _urkm l Ljmrdm
    A `mspmrtlr `ls meprmsls
    A nepucsa `l
    `l prnvlt
     prnvltnzlëï
    nzlëïaa
    L vmz `a oahsuen`ar 
    Mhtrm haems m mkas
    ]el oahstlhtm rmgareuclëïa

    OLRNP]CA NW 

     Lgnhlc
     Lgnhlc,
    , a qum
    qum a emrol`a
    Mxnkähonl em
    `m rol`a pragnssnahlc
    pragnssnah
    ue pmrnta lc qumr `m vaoä1
    Nelkme jal ldu`l l vmh`mr 
    Lprmh`mh`a l glzmr a `ngåonc
     

    Kunl `m oahomntas

    OLRÅP]CA W 
    \ume sïa ocnmhtms, ofmgms m meprmkl`arms
    L mxpmotltnvl `a lssmssarl`a
    Daka `m nhtmrmssms
    \ulh`a nr â eå`nl
    Ofmgms
    Lsomh`ähonl sajrm a ocnmhtm
    Meprmkl`arms

    OLRÅP]CA WN 
     Rraom`nemhtas `m trljlcfa
    Nhstruemhtas `a `nl-l-`nl

    OLRÅP]CA WNN `m rmclonahlemhta oae l neprmhsl


    Garels usulns
    Prljlcfa `m oahvmhonemhta
    Rlsslh`a l nhgarelëïa l`nlhtm
    @nvucklëïa plrl ta`as as vmåoucas
    Mhtrmvnstls nh`nvn`ulns
    Lucl `m darhlcnsea plrl a ocnmhtm
    Mhtrmvnstls oacmtnvls
    \ulh`a l neprmhsl hïa oaeplrmom
    Nhgarelëýms mxocusnvls plrl
    mxocusnvls plrl oacuhnstls
    Rlutls mspmonlns
    Rlutls oahtmxtulcnzl`ls
    Lrtnkas
    Mhoahtras nhgarelns
    Wnsntls nhstntuonahlns âs rm`lëýms

    OLRÅP]CA WNNN 
    neprmhs
     L nep rmhsll vme
    v me ltî
    l tî vaoä
    v aoä
    Loaeplhflemhta plssa-l-plssa
    A nepah`mrìvmc loahtmom
    \ulhta a rmpÿrtmr "emhtm" au "hïa ljrm" l plutl
    Oacmonahlh`a nhnenkas
    Lhuhonlhtms qumrme orm`njncn`l`m
    Fnmrlrqunl hls rm`lëýms
     

    OLRÅP]CA NV 
     Mrras elns oaeuhs
    o aeuhs
    A ocnmhtm hïa qumr glclr 
    Ocnmhtm qum glcl eunta m sme gaoa
    Nhtmrrakltÿrna
    Lenkas1
    Oacmtnvl garl
    La cl`a `m `m oahtracm
    pmrsahlcn`l`ms
    Lssmssar hïa î `aha
    "L oucpl î `l neprmhsl"
     Hïa elh`m "dljì"
    "dljì" plrl as darhlcnstls
    darhlcnstls

    OLRÅP]CA V 
     _ntulëýms `m ornsm
    \ulh`a l ornsm î `m oaeuhnolëïa
    Oahvaolëïa `m uel garël-tlrmgl
    Lta `m fuenc`l`m
    Lpravmntl`arms `m facagatms
    Rlrl hïa gnolr sÿ ha `nsoursa
    A mhvacvnemhta `a OMA
    Gartlcmomh`a l orm`njncn`
    orm`njncn`l`m
    l`m
    Rmrsahlcn`l`ms
    Oahsuctarnl `m rnsoa â nelkme

     JNJCNAKZLGNL
     JNJCNAK ZLGNL
     

    NHPZA@]ËÏA 

    Mxmroåona `m fahmstn`l`m

    Mstm cnvra lprmsmhtl `nols ôtmns l ta`ls ls pmssals qum, vactl m emnl, sm väme lcva `a
    hatnonìrna9 qum dì sm rmclonahle au `msmdle sm rmclonahlr oae l neprmhsl, au qum täe
    saemhtm ournasn`l`m me oahfmomr a tmel. Pa`as pa`me mhoahtrlr lqun `nols ôtmns plrl
    oahfmomr emcfar oaea sm sustmhtl mssm rmclonahlemhta, qulns suls emcfarms prìtnols m
    oaea mcm pa`m aoarrmr `mhtra `m ue pl`rïa `m rmspmnta eôtua.
    Rlrl vaoä, qum mstì me nhåona `m olrrmnrl, rmoaemh`a oae ähglsm qum glël `a
    mxmroåona `l fahmstn`l`m uel prìtnol oahstlhtm. _mn qum nssa `mvmrnl smr oarrnqumnra hïa
    lpmhls hmssl els me ta`ls ls autrls pragnssýms. Ha mhtlhta, ha emna `a olenhfa,
     pa`meas mhoahtrlr qume hïa tmhfl mssl emsel `nspasnëïa. Rar nssa, hïa oustl nhsnstnr4
    ouctnvm l fahmstn`l`m oae smus lssmssarl`as, oae l neprmhsl m oae qume elns vaoä gar 
    sm rmclonahlr tlhta pragnssnahlc oaea pmssalcemhtm.
    L plrtm elns `ngåonc î sukmrnr qum vaoä mxmrontm l fahmstn`l`m lnh`l qum, me euntas
    olsas, hïa aoarrl rmonpraon`l`m. @a oahtrìrna, smrì eunta oaepcnol`a cmvlr l`nlhtm sul
     pragnssïa. Glël sul plrtm9 sme nssa, `nlhtm `m autra darhlcnstl, vaoä hïa pa`mrì
    pa `mrì mxnknr qum
    mcm tlejîe smdl grlhoa, qum "ljrl l plutl" m `nkl qulc eltîrnl mstì smh`a pra`uzn`l.
    Plejîe
    Plejî e hïa oahsmkunrì
    oahsmkunrì qum a rmpÿrtmr
    rmpÿrtmr "msoutm
    "msoutm a autra cl`a" m `ä oflhoms
    oflhoms `m rmspastls
    rmspastls l
    smu lssmssarl`a ‐ me msplëa m m`nëïa praparonahlc â prnemnrl vmrsïa `l hatåonl ‐, ha
    olsa `m lckue tnpa `m louslëïa. Me omrtls aolsnýms, vaoä `mvmrì mhgrmhtlr a oacmkl m, oae
    lrkuemhtas, sukmrnr qum mcm hïa "garom l jlrrl" plrl glzmr eltîrnls pacäenols, lpmhls plrl
    mstlr `m loar`a oae l olrlotmråstnol `a vmåouca me qum trljlcfl, au plrl prltnolr as vmcfas
    sahfas `m smr ue darhlcnstl `msjrlvl`ar, oustm a qum oustlr. Euntls vmzms, oljmrì l vaoä
    lc
    lcmr
    mrtì
    tì-c
    -caa `m qum a prmëa  pa`m sm smrr uel
    uel hatå
    hatåon
    onll elc
    elc nhtm
    nhtmrp
    rprm
    rmtl
    tl`l
    `l m krkrlt
    ltun
    untl
    tlem
    emht
    htmm
    "turjnhl`l".
    Mstì mhklhl`a
    l mhtrl`l `a rmpÿrtmr, m `msltulcnzl`a
    m qum oahsmkum qume
    oahsmkum prmvl väcmomr
    ha lssmssar
     prmvlcmomr ta`ass as`msmus
    ta`a neprmhsl
    smus pahtaslqumcm qum jlrrl
    qum\ume
    `m vnstl.  jlrrl
     plrtm  plrl ue rmclonahle
    rmclo nahlemhta
    mhta oae l neprmhsl `m ea`a `nrmta au par nhtmreî`na `m
    uel lssmssarnl mstì "oaeprlh`a" ue rnsoa a tmepa ta`a. Ra`m `lr omrta m  pa`  pa`mm hïa
    `lr. L eå`nl vmnoucl nhgarelëýms qum smus pragnssnahlns plutle, lpurle m pujcnole au
    cmvle la lr l plrtnr `m smus prÿprnas orntîrnas. Fì sntulëýms me qum vaoä vaoä prmonsl
     prmonsl `nzmr 
    la ls
    lssms
    smssar
    sarl`a
    l`a qum, ol olsa
    sa mcm hïa
    hïa qumn
    qumnrl
    rl mhgrmh
    mhgrmhtlr
    tlr ms
    mssls
    sls nho
    nhomrt
    mrtmzl
    mzls,
    s, l sl
    slå`l
    å`l î  pujcnolr 
    lhôhonas plkas,
    lhôhonas  plkas, ôhnoa ea`a smkura `m oahtraclr l emhslkme ‐ lnh`l qum, vlcm cmejrlr,
    fldl vmåoucas
    vmåoucas qum rmousle pujcnon`l`m oae oahtmô`a oahtrìrna las prÿpr las  prÿprnas
    nas vlcarms au
    âs eltîrnls `mgmh`n`ls ha msplëa m`ntarnlc.
    Lpmsl
    Lpm slrr `m  dì mxnstnr elns oaeprmmhsïa sajrm as rnsoas mejutn`as ha trljlcfa `m
    lssm
    lssmss
    ssar
    arnl
    nl `m ne neprprmh
    mhssl, ls me mepr
    prms
    msls
    ls `a rl rlea
    ea oaoaht
    htnh
    nhul
    ulee orm
    ormsom
    somh`a
    h`a,, l  paht
     pa htaa `m
    meprmklrme, fadm, pmca emhas =2% `as darhlcns darhlcnstls
    tls `a mstl`a `m _ïa Rluca (`m loar`a
    oae as oìcouc
    oìcoucasas `m Dark
    Darkmm @u
    @ulrt
    lrtm,
    m, me  Lssmsarnl `m neprmhsl m rmclonhlemhta oae l
    eå`
    å`nl
    nl - tmar
    tmarnlnl m tîo
    tîohno l). Ns
    hnol). Nssa
    sa ao
    aoar
    arrm
    rm la clcl`a
    `a `m aut
    autra
    ra oae
    oaepar
    partl
    tlemh
    emhtata snhku
    snhkucl
    clr4
    r4 l
     pmrelh
     pmr elhäho
    ähonl,
    nl, me
    mejajarlrl emhas
    emhas lomhlomhtu
    tul`
    l`l,l, `a  prm
     prmoah
    oahomn
    omnta
    ta oah
    oahtrl
    trl as lssms msssarms `m
     

    neprmhsl  par plrt
    neprmhsl par  plrtmm `as
    ` as darh
    d arhlcn
    lcnstls
    stls `m rm`lëïa (qum n`mhtngnole hlhl prìtnol
     prìtnol uel ltnvn`l`m
    ltnv n`l`m
    emh
    mhar
    ar)).  Ha mh
    mhtl
    tlht
    hta,
    a, ja
    jall pl
    plrtrtmm `m
    `mst
    stms
    ms,, `nlhtm `l ornsm `a em emro
    rol`
    l`aa pujc
    pujcno
    nont
    ntìr
    ìrna
    na m
    oahsmqumhtm rm`uëïa `a meprmka has vmåoucas `l krlh`m neprmhsl, oahtnhul
    mhoahtrlh`a trljlcfa m passnjncn`l`m `m ormsomr hl pragnssïa
    hl  pragnssïa `mhtra `ls lssmssarnls. Nssa
    has rmemtm havlemhtm âqumcl vmcfl qumstïa sajrm lssmssarnl `m neprmhsl V darhlcnsea.
    _m vaoä pmhsl me smkunr mssl olrrmnrl, cmejrm-sm
    cmejrm-sm `m qum prmonslrì tlejîe vmhomr tljus

    oaeaLmssm.
    guhëïa `ls lss lssmssa
    mssarnls
    rnls hl nhtmrem`nlëïa
    nhtmrem`nlëïa mhtrm ocn ocnmht
    mhtmm m nepr
    neprmhsl
    mhsl vme lssuenh`a
    lssuenh`a
     plpmc ol`l vmz elnar. @mpans `m plsslrme, plsslrme, ha Jrlsnc, par `ans krlh`ms eaemhtas `m
    orms
    ormson
    onem
    emhthtaa hl `îol`
    `îol`ll `m <>>2<>>2 (l(ljmr
    jmrtur
    turll `m emrol
    emrol`a`a m  prnv
     prnvltnz
    ltnzlëýms
    lëýms),), mssls
    mssls meprmsls
    meprmsls
    lssnen
    lssnenclrl
    clrlee tîohnols
    tîohnols m oahfmone
    oahfmonemhtamhtass qum pmrentnrle qum mvacuåssme plrl krlh`ms
    lkähon
    lkä honls
    ls `m oa oaeuh
    euhnolnolëïa
    ëïa au `m rm rmcl
    clëým
    ëýmss pôjpôjcn
    cnol
    ols,
    s, oah
    oahsasacncn`lh
    `lh`a-
    `a-smsm `mv
    `mvn` n`aa l
     plro
     pl romrn
    mrnls
    ls oa
    oaee kr
    krup
    upasas nh
    nhtm
    tmrh
    rhlo
    lona
    nahl
    hlns
    ns `m RuRujcjcno
    no Im
    Imcl
    clïaïahs
    hs,, ls prprss ha
    hartm
    rtm-l
    -lem
    emrnrnol
    olhlhlss m
    murapmnls.
     Hmssl
     Hm sslss lk
    lkäh
    ähon
    onls,
    ls, l lt
    ltnv
    nvn`
    n`l`
    l`mm ga
    gann mh
    mhtrm
    trmku
    kumm l da
    darh
    rhlc
    lcnst
    nstls
    ls prprag
    agnss
    nssna
    nahl
    hlns
    ns ‐ lc lcku
    kuhshs
    oae elns mxpmrnähonl me rm`lëýms, autras, oae garelëïa lol`îenol elns sÿcn`l.
     Hl hahavl
    vl gu
    guhë
    hëïa
    ïa,, mc
    mcms
    ms mh
    mhtrl
    trlrl
    rle
    e me oa oahthtlt
    ltaa oa
    oae e pr
    pragn
    agnssn
    ssnah
    ahlnlnss `m ìrìrml
    mlss `ns
    `nstntnht
    htls
    ls m
    lssnenclrle au auttrls prìtnol olss, eln lnss lgmn mnttls âs rmclëý ëýmms pôjcn cnol
    olss (oaea
    rmspahsljnc
    rmspahs ljncn`l`
    n`l`mm sao
    saonlc
    nlc au rmc rmclëým
    lëýmss nhs nhstnt
    tntuona
    uonahln
    hlns), s), tar
    tarhlh`
    hlh`a-sa-smm oaeu
    oaeuhno hnol`ar
    l`arms ms
    euctn`nsonpcnhlrms, emsoclh`a vìrnls gmrrlemhtls `m oaeuhnolëïa plrl elxnenzlr 
    rmsuctl`as prmtmh`n`as m ljrlhkmr `nvmrsas nhtmrcaoutarms.
    Pmhfa loaeplhfl`a
    loaeplhfl`a `m pmrta mssl mvacuëïa m prmtmh`a oahtlr ue pauoa oaea
    mcl sm praomssau m l qum pahta ofmkleas. Pu`a a qum mstì msornta lqun lprmh`n,
     prnem
     prn emnra
    nra,, me qu qunh
    nhzm
    zm lh
    lhas
    as oaoaea
    ea da darh
    rhlc
    lcnst
    nstll `m rm rm`l `l-ë
    -ëïaïa,, tr
    trlj
    ljlc
    lcfl
    flh`h`aa me da darh
    rhlc
    lc
    neprmssa, rmvnstl, rì`na m PW, `m <>62 l <>>=. Hmssm pmråa`a, tnvm plsslkmhs
    rìpn`ls par vìrnls meprmsls (me uel `mcls ofmkumn l gnolr mxltls :0 farls!),
     pmrel
     pm relhmhmom
    omh`
    h`aa el
    elnsns tm
    tmep
    epaa hl m`m`nt
    ntar
    arll Kca
    Kcajaja m pa pastm
    stmrn rnare
    aremh mhtm
    tm hl GaGacfcfll `m _. RlRluc
    uca.
    a.
    _mkuh`a, oaea darhlcnstl m sÿonl-guh`l`arl `a krupa Eìqunhl me <>>= ‐ elns
    oah
    ahffmon
    on`a
    `a oae aeaa Eìq ìquunhl `l Ha Hattåon
    onl,
    l, a hae aemm `m arnkme ‐, lkä kähhonl `m
    oaeuhnolëýms m `m rmclëýms pôjcnols qum fadm mstì mhtrm ls elnarms `a smkemhta.
    La cahka `m qulsm `mz lhas `m mxnstä mxnstähonl,
    honl, l Eìqunhl gan kunl`l pmcl nhtunëïa,
     parr msp
     pa mspår
    årnt
    ntaa me
    mepr
    prmmmmh`
    h`m`
    m`arar m pmpmcl
    cl vlvlcncnasl
    asl oa oahs
    hsuc
    ucta tarn
    rnll `m kmkmstï
    stïaa ququmm rm
    rmom
    omjm
    jmea
    eass
    mspahtlhmlemhtm `m meprmsìrnas m mxmoutnvas l qume rmoarråleas plrl pm`nr ldu`l.
    Ls fn fnst
    stÿr
    ÿrnl
    nlss m `n`nol
    olss qu
    qumm oa
    oahthtlr
    lrmn
    mn l va vaoä
    oäss ga garl
    rlee rmrmtn
    tnrl
    rl`l
    `lss `m`mss
    ssll ms
    mstr
    trl`
    l`ll
     pragn
     pra gnssn
    ssnah
    ahlc
    lc qu
    qumm vm
    vmhf
    hfaa pm
    pmro
    roar
    arrm
    rmh`
    h`a.a. Ms
    Mstmtm cnv
    cnvra
    ra ga
    gan,n, pa
    partl
    rtlht
    hta,
    a, mc
    mclj
    ljararl`
    l`aa l plplrt
    rtnr
    nr `l
     prìtn
     prì tnol
    ol m `l mx mxpm
    pmrn
    rnäh
    ähon
    onl.
    l. Mc
    Mcmm hï
    hïaa pr
    prmt
    mtmh
    mh`m`m,, `m gagarel
    rel lc lcku
    kuel
    el,, suj
    sujstn
    stntu
    tunr
    nr ls cm
    cmnt
    ntur
    urls
    ls
    elns tmÿrnols qum ta`a pragnssnahlc prmonsl glzmr ‐ hl uhnvmrsn`l`m m garl `mcl.
    Prltl-sm `m uel tmhtltnvl `m prmmhofmr omrtls clouhls qum a mhsnha `a Darhlcnsea
    tme `mnxl`a me hassa plås.
    Fadm ls meprmsls m as kavmrhas prmonsle `m kmstarms olplontl`as plrl oaeprmmh`mr m
    nhtmrprmtlr ls nhgarelëýms pujcnol`ls pmcl neprmhsl, `a pahta `m vnstl `a qum nhtmrmssl
     plrl ls arklhnzlëýms.
    oae patmhonlc _mhatåonl,
    plrl vnrlr tnvmrme,sljmrïa
    lnh`l, oaea
    haëýmssurkm
    sajrmm oaea
    oaea pa`mrnl
    sm praomssl uel nhgarelëïa
    smr mvntl`l jal plrtm
    `as prajcmels oae l eå`nl.
     

    M sm vaoä lnh`l tme me emhtm l nelkme `m ue lssmssar oaea uel pmssal smhtl`l
    la cl`a `m uel emsl, `nsplrlh`a tmcmgahmels plrl "oahtltas" hls rm`lëýms, mhtïa mstmdl
    omrta `m qum prmonsl urkmhtmemhtm rmvmr oahomntas sm qunsmr sajrmvnvmr hmssm emrol`a.
    Ltulcemhtm î hmomssìrna `aenhlr uel råkn`l m euntls vmzms juraorìtnol emta`acaknl
    `m trljlcfa, oae smus rmspmotnvas nhstruemhtas `m lvlcnlëïa. Euntas `as prî-rmqunsntas
    mxnkn`as plrl l guhëïa sïa as emseas mxnstmhtms plrl pragnssnahlns `m autrls ìrmls. Î

    guh`lemhtlc,
     pmhslr par mxmepca,
    me pra`utnvn`l`m pclhmdlr
    o me havas mpra`utas
    l`enhnstrlr
    pra` as oustas
    utas m smrvnëas `m suls
    l smrme ltnvn`l`ms,
    agmrmon`as lcîe `m
    la ocnmhtm (a
    qum lprmsmhtlr `nlhtm `m uel havl sntulëïa1). O) lssmssar `m neprmhsl î tlejîe ue
    kmstar `m pmssals m `m arëlemhtas. Hl elnar plrtm `ls lkähonls `m oaeuhnolëïa, mcm tmrì
    lomssa l pclhncfls plrl oahtraclr ls vlrnìvmns qum oaepýme agmm (vlcar emhslc plka pmca
    lssmssarl`a)
    lssmssarl`a) ‐ m mcls hïa pa`me "mst"mstaurlr".
    aurlr". Hls lkähonls,
    lkähonls, l elhutmh
    elhutmhëïa
    ëïa `as åh
    åh`noms
    `noms `m
    `msmepmhfa gnhlhomnra tarhau-sm ue `mslgna pmrelhmhtm.
    Rar autra cl`a, smus ocnmhtms tlejîe prmonslrïa oahtraclr as klstas oae lssmssarnl
    `m neprmhsl, me haem `l oaepmtntnvn`l`m me smus smtarms. Rlrl nssa, prmonsle `m
     plromnras sacn`ìrnas m lhtmhl`as oae l rmlcn`l`m `a emrol`a `m oaeuhnolëïa.

    HÏA _M LOAEA@M
    Oaea a emrol`a `m trljlcfa
    trljlcfa hïa pìrl, vaoä dlelns pa`mrì sm loaea`lr `nlhtm `mcm.
    A lssmssar `m neprmhsl qum a emrol`a jusol î lqumcm pragnssnahlc nhqunmta m lrradl`a,
    olplz `m lhtmonplr omhìrnas m `m `msmhvacvmr'prakhÿstnoas plrl as lssmssarl`as. @mvmrì
    tlejîe agmrmomr
    agmrmomr nhstruemhtas
    nhstruemhtas `m trljlcfa
    trljlcfa m `m oaeuhnolëïa qum mstmdle
    mstmdle smeprm
    sme prm â grmhtm
    `l oahoarrähonl.
    A lssmssar qum `m`nol ta`l l sul mxpmrnähonl lhas l gna l ue ocnmhtm au l uel
    lkähonl `m oaeuhnolëïa, nhgmcnzemhtm, hïa mstì sÿ par nssa klrlhtn`a ha emrol`a. Mcm
     pa`m tmr sn`a a emcfar nhtmkrlhtm `m uel `mtmrenhl`l
    `mtmren hl`l mqunpm, els lckuîe pa`m lvlcnlr 
    qum mcm hïa tme pmrgnc l`mqul`a plrl a eaemhta ltaln `l lkähonl au `a lssmssarl`a
    lssmssarl`a.. Rar 
    nssa, î prmonsa

    acflrhavas
     prapah`a la rm`ar m pmromjmr
    `mslgnas â prÿprnllltulëïa
    tmh`ähonl
    m la`ls eu`lhëls plrl sm lhtmonplr l mcls,
    meprmkl`ar.
    Rlrl ue jae lssmssar `m neprmhsl, fì lnh`l autras prî-rmqunsntas qum hïa sm
    oahqunstle has jlhoas msoaclrms au hl prìtnol `nìrnl. Î oclra qum oursas `m pÿs-
    krl`ulëïa, garelëïa me glouc`l`ms oae jal rmputlëïa m lprmh`nzl`a `m n`naels sïa
    rmoaemh`ìvmns hl pragnssïa. Els ls lptn`ýms `l "lcel" sïa lnh`l elns nepartlhtms.
    Î prmonsa tmr euntl klrrl, vahtl`m `m glzmr a omrta, `m ormsomr, `m oahstrunr uel
    olrrmnrl
    olrrmnrl sÿcn`l m cmlc, lepcnlr a oårouca `m rmclona
    rmclonahlemhta
    hlemhtass m jusolr emcfar qulcn`l`m `m
    vn`l. Pmr nhnonltnvl î nh`nspmhsìvmc4 sm hïa `mr par ue cl`a, tmhtm par autra9 î emcfar 
    mrrlr `a qum gnolr plrl`a.
    M, a prnhonplc, ouctnvm a smhsa `m fuear m uel mharem olplon`l`m `m l`lptlëïa,
     pans vaoä vnvmrì me ue lejnmhtm qum oahomhtrl euntls `ngmrmhëls m ltulrì huel
     pragnssïa me pmrelhmhtm eu`lhël.
    A nepah`mrìvmc pa`m surprmmh`mr vaoä la cahka `mssl pragnss
    pragnssïa.
    ïa. Mspmra qum enhfl
    mxpmrnähonl, oahtl`l hmstm cnvra, passl ldu`lr hl cn`l `nìrnl oae sntulëýms nhmspmrl`ls, m
    qum tlejîe luxncnm vaoä l pclhmdlr emcfar `mtmrenhl`ls lëýms, qulh`a nssa gar passåvmc.
     

    M sm, la gnhlc `mstl nhtra`uëïa, vaoä tnvmr sm oahvmhon`a `m qum vlcm l pmhl mxmrontlr l
    fahmstn`l`m, dì em `au par sltnsgmntl.
    Mstm î ue cnvra qum prmtmh`m
    prmtmh`m `mspmrtlr havas m lhtnkas `mjlt
    `mjltms
    ms sajrm l pragnssïa
    pragnssïa `a
    lssmssar `m neprmhsl. \umra oahvn`ì-cas l mholrlr lckuels pacîenols plrl mhtmh`mreas
    oaea mssl tlrmgl tarhl-sm, `nl lpÿs `nl, ue ìr`ua m krltngnolhtm mxmroåona `m fahmstn`l`m.
    Mstau oahgnlhtm `m qum ls havls kmrlëýms pa`mrïa prltnoì-ca oae jlstlhtm prnear, `ms`m

    qum jme
    oaea lpanl`ls.
    lpanl`ls
    emus . Rar nssaprnhonplns
    nhtmrcaoutarms "l`ata" as mstu`lhtms
    hmstl ajrl. `m Darhlcnsea m as davmhs pragnssna
    pragnssnahlns
    hlns
    Oae jlsm hl rmlcn`l`m ltulc `a emrol`a (a qum sln hl neprmhsl ol`l vmz elns
    nhgcumhonl `monsýms hls lctls oôpucls `ls arklhnzlëýms), rmoaemh`a qum mstm cnvra smdl
    cn`a oae ltmhëïa tlejîe par mstu`lhtms `m L`enhnstrlëïa `m Meprmsls m `m Moahaenl.
    Nhgmcnzemhtm, l eltîrnl "oaea guhonahl l neprmhsl m a qum glzmr plrl sm rmclonahlr jme
    oae mcl" hïa mxnstm ha ourråouca `mssls glouc`l`ms m `m smus prakrlels `m pÿs-krl`ulëïa.
    @a emsea ea`a, l prÿprnl eltîrnl "lssmssarnl `m neprmhsl" oahtnhul lusmhtm, me krlh`m
     plrtm, `ls prÿprnls glouc`l`ms `m Darhlcnsea!

     Ha mhtlhta, hïa mspmrme mhoahtrlr lqun ue elhulc `m oaea glzmr lssmssarnl.
    Rrmtmh`a `lr lckuels `nols, sne. @m rmsta, ol`l ue `mvmrì lh`lr oae ls prÿprnls pmrhls.
    M a pahta `m plrtn`l smrì l `ôvn`l. Lgnhlc, î jae nrme sm loastuelh`a l mhgrmhtlr ls
    mhoruzncfl`ls qum omrtlemhtm sm rmpmtnrïa `lqun par `nlhtm. Rartlhta, vleas `nrmta la
    lssuhta.
    Nelknhm-sm, oaea lssmssar `m neprmhsl, trljlcflh`a plrl uel krlh`m oarparlëïa `l
    nhnonltnvl prnvl`l au plrl ue ÿrkïa pôjcnoa. Me `l`a eaemhta, ue rmpÿrtmr tmcmgahl m
     pm`m uel nhgarelëïa qum, sm pujcnol`l, oluslrì ue mstrlka plrl smu ocnmhtm, smdl mcm
    mepr
    me prms
    msll pr
    prnv
    nvl`
    l`ll au kavm
    kavmrh
    rha.
    a. Arl,
    Arl, vaoä
    vaoä î ue darh darhlc
    lcns
    nstl
    tl qu
    qum,
    m, `url
    `urlht
    htmm as lhas
    lhas `m
    uhnvmr
    uhnvmrsn
    sn`l`
    `l`m,
    m, lolcm
    lolcmhta
    htauu as sahf
    sahfas
    as `m uel
    uel prprag
    agns
    nssï
    sïaa cnvr
    cnvrm,
    m, `msj
    `msjrl
    rlvl`ar
    vl`arl,
    l, ol
    olplz
    plz `m
    `mrrujlr ltî a prmsn`mhtm `l Zmpôjcnol. A qum glzmr1 @lr la rmpÿrtmr l nhgarelëïa
     jaejìstnol m trlnr a lssmssarl`a plrl a qulc vaoä
    vao ä trljlcfl, me haem `a nhtmrmssm pôjcnoa1
    Guknr pmcl tlhkmhtm, emhtnr, `mentnr-sm m "clvlr ls eïas"1 Au mhgrmhtlr l vmr`l`m,
    oahtmxtulcnzlh`a as `l`as `l emcfar garel passåvmc, prmstlh`a nhgarelëýms `m qulcn`l`m
    m mvntlh`a qum prnhonplcemhtm a pôjcnoa smdl prmdu`nol`a oae hatåonls mqunvaol`ls au
    elc nhtmrprmtl`ls1
    M oclra qum mssls hïa sïa ls ôhnols passnjncn`l`ms `m lëïa. Lcîe `nssa, vaoä oarrm a
    rnsoa `m sm vmr me uel nhstntunëïa me qum `msoajrm, `m rmpmhtm, qum hl`l plrmom mstlr 
    `mhtra `l cmklcn`l`m.
    cmklcn`l`m. _m mstm gar a olsa, vaoä mhtrau huel jlrol gurl`l m sÿ cfm rmstl slnr 
    mhqulhta fì tmepa. Els sm hïa gar, vaoä `mvmrì lknr, me prnemnra cuklr, oae l oahvnoëïa
    `m smu plpmc hmssl pragnssïa. Mstau glclh`a `m uel lhtnkl `nsoussïa qum lpmhls plrmom
    mstlr rmsacvn`l. La cahka `m enhfl olrrmnrl, lnh`l hïa oahsmkun mhoahtrlr oahsmhsa sajrm
    nssa. Lgnhlc, lssmssar `m neprmhsl î darhlcnstl1
    Lprmssa-em me rmspah`mr, plrl qum hïa rmstme `ôvn`ls qulhta la pahta `m plrtn`l
    `l lutarl4 sne, lssmssar
    lssmssar `m neprmhsl
    neprmhsl î darhlcnstl.
    darhlcnstl. M par vìrnls rlzýms, qum `mgmh`mrmn has
     prÿxneas olpåtucas
    oatn`nlha `l ‐ mhtmh`a
    pragnssïa, sme hmklr, ajvnlemhtm,
    qum mssl as `nvmrsas
    î uel qumstïa `m jlsm,oahgcntas nepcåontas ha
    m oljm prnhonplcemhtm
     plrl ltulns au guturas pragnssnahlns `a rlea `m lssmssarnl.
     

    OLRÅP]CA N

    \umr mholrlr a `mslgna1

    Rnslr ha tmrrmha `a rmclonahlemhta oae l neprmhs


    neprmhsll î tlrmgl
    tlrmgl plrl
     plrl qume mstì `nspasta l
    `mslrelr enhls tmrrmstrms
    `mslrelr tmrrmstrms  ‐ `lqu
    `lqumcl
    mclss oae patmhonl
    patmhonlcc `m daklr
    daklr l nenelkm
    lkme
    e `m  pmssals m
    arklhnzlëýms pmcas lrms. M agåona
    agåona plrl
     plrl pmrsmvmrlht
     pmrsmvmrlhtms.
    ms. Euntls vmzms, î glclr sme smr auvn`a,
    î nhsnstnr m smr oahsn`mrl`a ue oflta, î tmhtlr ljrnr as acfas `m qume hïa qumr vmr. Els î
    tlejîe `mgmh`mr qume jusol sm rmclonahlr jme oae l eå`nl eå`nl plrl
     plrl mxpa
    mxparr nh`åona
    nh`åonass `m
    uel jal
    uel  jal kmstïa.
    Mssl î ue uell praraggnssïa
    ssïa olpl
    olplzz `m oahsuenr a  darhlcnst
     darhlcnstll qum dakl smeprm hl
    rmtlkulr`l. A qum qumra
    qumra `nzmr
    `nzmr î qum, ha nelknhìrna `m euntas davmhs
    euntas davmhs pragnssnahlns,
    pragnssnah lns, sÿ
    vlcm a darhlcnsea qum mstì hl cnhfl `m grmhtm. Au smdl, hl tmcl `l PW, ha enoragahm `a
    rì`na, oae a haem has vmåoucas neprmssas au hl nhtmrhmt.
    Daklr hl rmtlkulr`l hïa snkhngnol smkurlr l nhgarelëïa,
    nhgarelëïa, jlrrlr a lomssa `m darhlcnstls.

    La oaht
    tlejîeoahtrì
    rìrn
    rna.
    a. Lnh`
    hlsome Lnkrlh`ms
    h`ll qum
    qumplutls,
    hïa
    hïa sm mvn`
    mvah`m
    m `m n`mh
    mhon
    onm
    gcume pmcc `m qum
    m a plpm qume
    plnhgarelëýms qummstì
    smrïahas jlstn`arms, pmcls
    smrïa praomssl`ls `lcn
     praomssl`ls pmcls
    rm`lëým
    rm` lëýms.s. ]e  jae trljlcfa `m lssmssarnl `m neprmhsl î olplz `m eavnemhtlr krlh`ms
    olusls.
    Onta ue mxmepca eunta oclra. Me :22<, l Arklhnzlëïa `ls Hlëýms ]hn`ls (AH] )
    rmoahfmomu ha Jrlsnc a plås qum elns mstneucau a vacuhtlrnl`a m oudl neprmhsl `mu elns
    vnsnjncn`
    vnsn jncn`l`m
    l`m la tmel. ]el jal lëïa lëïa `l eå`nl1
    eå`nl1 @uvn`a vmåoucas `m oaeuhnolëïa
    @uvn`a qum as vmåoucas
    tnvmss
    tnvmssme
    me `mspmr
    `mspmrtl`
    tl`aa nhtmrm
    nhtmrmss
    ssmm â qumstï
    qumstïaa `m garel
    garel oahtnh
    oahtnhul`
    ul`ll hïa gassm a trljlc
    trljlcfa
    fa `m
    lssmss
    lss mssarn
    arnll `m nep
    neprmhs
    rmhsll rmlcnzl`
    rmlcnzl`aa hl aolsnïa
    aolsnïa pmca Nhstnt
    Nhstntuta
    uta Jrls
    Jrlsnc
    nc Wac
    Wacuht
    uhtìrn
    ìrna.
    a. Wìrnls
    Wìrnls
    nhstntu
    nhs tntunëým
    nëýmss `m tmro
    tmromnra
    mnra smtar sm duhtlrle
    duhtlrle la msgarëa
    msgarëa `m `nvucklr
    `nvucklr lëýms nhtmrmsslhtms
    nhtmrmsslhtms,,
    smkun`ls par meprmsls mhkldl`ls oae A eavnemhta `m rmspahsljncn`l`m saonlc.
    As lssmssarms `m neprmhsl garle fìjmns me pclhmdlr as lssuhtas `nvuckl`as l ol`l
    eäs m me oahtlr
    vacuhtlrnl`a. fnstÿrnls
    fnstÿr
    Omrolrle nlsa `m pmssals
    lssuhta parm vìrnas
    oaeuhn`l`ms
    cl`as. Mqum emcfarlrle
    tnvmrle `m vn`leunta
    jlsnolemhtm krlëls la
    daka
    `m onhturl plrl glzmr oae qum l neprmhsl loflssm hatåonl ah`m hïa mstlvl praourlh`a. A
    rmsuctl`a hÿs dì oahfmomeas. Mssls nhnonltnvls pravaolrle uel rm`m `m nhomhtnvas qum
    tarhlrle l saonm`l`m jrlsncmnrl elns sacn`ìrnl, krlëls tlejîe la plpmc oueprn`a pmcl
    neprmhsl, `mvn`lemhtm mstneucl`l pmcls lssmssarnls `m oaeuhnolëïa.
    Nr â eå`nl plrl mxpar pasnëýms m tarhlr pôjcnoas jahs trljlcfas î a qum täe jusol`a
    ls meprmsls,
    meprmsls, as kavmrhas,
    kavmrhas, ls mhtn`l`ms `l saonm`l`m onvnc
    onvnc m as on`l`ïas oaeuhs. Nssa î
    lcka prÿprna `l `meaorlonl lvlhël`l me ta`a a euh`a. cn tlejîe, la emsea tmepa,
    ue vata
    v ata `m oahgnlhël
    oahgnlhël hl eå`nl m uel jusol `m cmkntnen`l`m.
    cmkntnen`l`m.
    Î oc
    oclr
    lraa qum rmpÿ
    rmpÿrtm
    rtmrms
    rms m lssmss
    lssmssarms
    arms mstïa me cl`a
    cl`ass apas
    apasta
    tas,
    s, `mgmh`mh`a nhtmrmssms
    `ngmrmhtms. M oae l ornsm ltulc `l hassl neprmhsl, ls lssmssarnls plsslrle l ljsarvmr as
    emcfarms pragnssnahlns `a emrol`a, olplzms `m cmvlr â eå`nl lssuhtas `m oclra nhtmrmssm
    oa qum, olsa oahtrìrna, pa`mrnle
     pôjcnoa
     pôjcn oahtrìrna, pa`mrnle hïa smr oajmrtas mspahtlhmlemhtm pmcas vmåoucas `m
    oaeuhnolëïa.
     

    Î L\]N \]M WAOÄ MHPZL


    Me tmsm, uel eltîrnl vmnoucl`l ha rì`na, hl PW, nhtmrhmt au pujcnol`l pmcl eå`nl
    ms
    msorntll î  ‐ au `mvm
    ornt `mvmrn rnll smr  ‐ hl`l elns `a qum a rmoahfmonemhta pôjcnoa qum l
    saonm`l`m, par nhtmreî`na `l neprmhsl, glz `a lssuhta ljar`l`a, m par oahsmquähonl,
    `a trljlcfa `ls pmssals qum mstïa par trìs `lqumcls rmlcnzlëýms.
    Els l hahatåtåon
    onll vmn
    vmnouc
    oucl`l
    l`l pa`m au hïa hïa garh
    garhmom
    momrr l  pmrompëïa oarr
    oarrmt
    mtll `l rmlcn`l`m
    ljar`l
    lja r`l`l.
    `l. M nsnssa
    sa vln `mpmh`m
    `mpmh`mrr `m oaeaoaea a lssu
    lssuht
    htaa ofm
    ofmkl
    kl la  darhlcnstl, `m oaea ls
    nhgarelëýms
    nhgar m`ntl`ls, `a lomssa l gahtms m `l`as oarrmtas, `l mxpmrnähonl,
    elëýms sïa lpurl`ls m m`ntl`ls,
    lutahaenl m îtnol `a pragnssnahlc `l neprmhsl, jme
    neprmhsl, jme oaea `l nsmhëïa `a vmåouca la qulc
    mcm pmrtmhom.
    Î lqun qum vaoä mhtrl4 ha msgarëa `m ldustlr l pmrompëïa pôjcnol â rmlcn`l`m `m
    smus lssmssarl`as. A lssmssar `m neprmhsl `mvm sm prmplrlr pragnssnahlcemhtm plrl
    "vmh`mr" smu trljlcfa l ta`as as qum qumnrle sm rmclonahlr oae l eå`nl4 par oahsn`mrlr 
    qum täe oahtrn
    oahtrnjujunëý
    nëýms
    ms `m nhtm
    nhtmrm
    rmss
    ssmm pôjc
    pôjcno
    noaa plrl
    plrl ag
    agmr
    mrmo
    momr
    mr â saon
    saonm`
    m`l`
    l`m,m, par
    par sm
    smrm
    rme
    e
    sacnontl`as l prmstl
     prmstlrr oahtls
    oa htls sajrm
    sa jrm suls lëýms.
    l ëýms.
     Hïa sm trltl `m ltnvn`l`m
    l tnvn`l`m rmstrntl l ue krupa `m pragnssnahlns, `mvn`l emhtm garel`as
    garel` as
     plrl nssa. A oahtlta `nrmta oae ls rm`lëýms î glouctl`a l qulcqumr pmssal, la mxmoutnva
    `m qulcqumr
     pa`mr meprmsl, la pragnssnahlc `m qulcqumr nhstntunëïa, la nhtmkrlhtm `m qulcqumr 
    oahstntuå`a.
    As prÿprnas vmåoucas m smus pragnssnah
    pragnssnahlnslns täe nhtmrmssm
    nhtmrmssm hmssm oahtl-ta
    oahtl- ta `nrmta. Rlrl
    nssa mstljmcmome olhlns `m oaeuhnolëïa oae a pôjcnoa, oaea ls oacuhls `m olrtls m `m
    oahsuen`ar, m`ntarnls `m apnhnïa, lcîe `l `nvucklëïa `m m-el
    `mgmsll `a oahsuen`ar,
    `mgms ncs o hôemras
    m-elncs
    `m tmcmgahms `as darhlcnstls plrl qum passle smr lomssl`as sme em`nl`arms.
    Els î ol`l vmz elnar a hôemra `m arklhnzlëýms m pmssa  pmssals
    ls qum, emsea oahfmomh`a l
    oucturl `ls rm`lëýms m sljmh`a a qum glzmr plrl qum uel nhgarelëïa sm trlhsgarem me
    hatåonl, prmgmrme mhtrmklr l guhëïa l  pragnssnahlns mspmonlcnzl`as. Lgnhlc, sul ltnvn`l`m
     prnhonplc hïa î glc lclr
    lr oae
    oae l eå` å`nnl m sne
    sne `msm
    `msmhva
    hvacvcvmr
    mr pacå
    pacåtn
    tnol
    olss pô
    pôjc
    jcno
    nols
    ls (ha
    (ha olsa `m
    kavmrhas), rmprmsmhtlr smtarms (oaea ls mhtn`l`ms `m oclssm), vmh`mr pra`utas m smrvnëas
    (meprmsls prnvl`ls) au mcljarlr pradmtas saonlns (AHK_, par mxmepca).
    \umra `nzmr qum sne, fì emrol`a plrl vaoä. _m as msplëas hls rm`lëýms mstïa
    ol`l vmz elns gmofl`as plrl havas pragnssnahlns, a rl rlea
    ea `m lssmssarnl `m neprmhsl î
    oahvn`ltn
    oahvn `ltnva.
    va. M hï
    hïaa sm trltl
    trltl `m vìcv
    vìcvuc
    ucll `m msol
    msolpm
    pm.. _m vaoä qumr mholrlr mssm `mslgna,
     prmonsl, me prnemnra cuklr, oa oaep
    eprm rmmh
    mh`m`mrr me qumqum tmrr
    tmrrmh
    mhaa ms
    mstì
    tì mhtr
    mhtrlh
    lh`a
    `a.. Oaemom
    `mnxlh`a plrl trìs l vnsïa snepcnstl `m qum vln glzmr lpmhls `nvucklëïa plrl l eå`nl.

    DAKA @M RLONÄHONL
    Lcîe `m smr eunta oahsonmhtm `a qum glz, vaoä prmonslrì, hïa rlrls vmzms, tmstlr sul
     plonähonl. Î eun
    eunta
    ta pravìvmc,
    pravìvmc, par oahtl `a hava oaht
    oahtmxta
    mxta `a emrol`a `m oaeuhnolëïa
    nhstntuonahlc, qum vaoä lssmssarm ocnmhtms qum hïa täe l emhar n`mnl `m oaea `mvm smr a
    rmclonahlemhta oae l neprmhs
    neprmhsl.
    l. M nssa vln loahtmomr emsea oae krlh`ms oarparlëýms
    au oae mxmoutnvas `m suomssa.
     

    Rmr`nn ls oa
    Rmr` oaht
    htls
    ls `m qulh
    qulhtl
    tlss vmzm
    vmzmss pr
    prmo
    mons
    nsmn
    mn mxpc
    mxpcno
    nolr
    lr l ocnm
    ocnmht
    htms
    ms qum
    qum a trljlcf
    trljlcfaa `a
    ls
    lssm
    smss
    ssar
    ar î oae
    oae a ms
    mspl
    plëa
    ëa m`nt
    m`ntar
    arnl
    nlcc m hïa
    hïa oae
    oae a pujc
    pujcno
    nont
    ntìrn a, m qum ls gmrrlemhtls
    ìrna,
     prnhonplns sïa l hatåonl `m qulcn`l`m m l lrkuemhtlëïa. Rartlhta, hïa fì klrlhtnls `m
    qum a ocnmhtm vmrì hl eå`nl saemhtm a qum kastlrnl, ha msplëa `msmdl`a m oae ljar`lkme
    mcaknasl.
    Euntas mxmoutnvas lnh`l lorm`ntle qum plklr ue lssmssar `m neprmhsl î a emsea qum
     plklr par eltîrnls
    rmpÿrtmrms m m`ntarmssmeprm
    j lstl plrl
    jlstl qum ahllssmssar
    pasntnvls lsseå`nl. Lofle
    mssar ljrl
    lj qum
    rl msplëas
    msplë a jae
    as plrl rmclonahlemhta
    l nhstntunëïa. oae
    Dì glcleas
    ue pauoa sajrm
    sajrm ns
    nssa,
    sa, els qumra
    qumra rmsslct
    rmsslctlr
    lr lqun qum vaoä prmonslrì
    prmonslrì mxmrontlr
    mxmrontlr smu cl`a
     pacåtnoa plrl msoclrmomr
    msoclr momr l `ngmrmhël `m plpîns plrl a lssmssarl`a, sme qum mcm oahocul
    qum smu trljlcfa, hïa smh`a "klrlhtn`a", î `nspmhsìvmc.
    Rlrl tlhta, trltm `m trmnhlr smu pa`mr `m oahvmhonemhta, oaemëlh`a par mxpcnolr oae
    qume vaoäs mstïa cn`lh`a m par `msenstngnolr l neprmhsl.

    HME P]@A A \]M L NERZMH_L R]JCNOL Î WMZ@L@M

    _m pu`
    pu`îss
    îssmea
    meass mcm
    mcmkmr
    kmr ue lcva oahtrl a qulc trljlcflr, mu `nrnl qum mcm `mvm smr l
    neprmons
    nepr monsïa
    ïa `l hatå
    hatåon
    onl.
    l. Emse
    Emseaa uel hatåonl
    hatåonl oarrmrl
    oarrmrl pa`m trlzmr
    trlzmr eunt
    euntas
    as `lhas plrl as
    mhvacvn`as, pans,
    mhvacvn`as,  pans, lpmslr `m oarrmtl,
    oarrmtl , mcl pa`m smr hmkltnvl. ]el hatåonl nhoarrmtl, emsea
    qum oahsn`mrl`l pasntnvl plrl
    pasntnvl plrl as mhvacvn`as, î eunta elns `lhasl. Hmssm olsa, l neprmhsl
     prmstau ue `mssmrvnëa l qume l rmomjmu, glzmh`a oae qum a cmntar, tmcmspmotl`ar au
    auvnhtm garelssm ue duåza mqunvaol`a sajrm lqumcm lssuhta.
    Els ls `uls oansls duhtls ‐
    duhtls ‐ uel hatåonl nhoarrmtl m hmklt
    hmkltnvl
    nvl la emsea tmepa ‐
    tmepa  ‐ täe
    ue mgmnta pmrvmrsa. La mxpar mxpar pujcnolemhtm
     pujcnolemhtm pmssals, meprmsls au nhstntunëýms `m garel
    nh`mvn
    nh` mvn`l, eå`nl pa`m
    `l, l eå`nl  pa`m pravaolr l `mstrunëïa `m rmputlëýms, lckuels vmzms `m elhmnrl
    nrrmvmrs
    nrrmvmrsåvmc. Kmrlce
    åvmc. Kmr lcemht
    mhtm,
    m, a pa`mr `m `m `mst
    stru
    runë
    nëïa
    ïa `l eå`n
    eå`nll î eunta elnar `a qum a `m
    oahstruëïa.
    Nssa pa`m
    Nssa  pa`m aoarrmr parqum euntl kmhtm lorm`ntl qum tu`a a qum sln hl neprmhsl
    neprmhsl ‐ par 
    (hïa-plkl) ‐ î vmr`l`mnra.
    sm trltlr `m eå`nl mspahtêhml (hïa-plkl) ‐
    ElsHa
    `msvnas. ls olsa
    oansls
    oansls
    `lhïa sïa jme
    neprmhsl, lssne.
    lssne. Hïa fì`mpr
    l nhmxpmrnähonl pragn
    agnss
    ssïa
    ïa aum ltnvn`
    rmpÿrtmrms ltn vn`l`m
    l prmssll`m (pravaol`l
    cnvrm `m mrras
    mrras
    pmcam
    rntea nh`ustrnlc `m pra`uëïa `m hatåonls) plrl lpurlr m msormvmr nhgarelëýms sïa gartms
    oaepahm
    oae pahmhtm
    htmss `mssms
    `mssms mquåvaoas. oclra qum, me `mtmrenhl`as olsas, l eì-gî vme
    mquåvaoas. M î oclra
     prnemnra. Els mssl hïa hïa î l rmkrl. Rmsle sajrm nssa a arkucfa `m ue rmpÿrtmr qum glz
    tu`a par ue "gura", lnh`l qum prmonsm "olrrmklr hl tnhtl" ‐ oaea sm `nz hls rm`lëýms
    qulh`a ue rm`ltar mx mxlklkmr
    mrll hls
    hls lja
    ljar`l
    r`lkmh
    kmhss hmk
    hmkltn
    ltnvls
    vls au pas
    pasnt
    ntnvl
    nvlss plrl
    plrl qum l hatåonl
    tmhfl
    tmhfl elns
    elns neplo
    neplota.ta.  Ha  praomssa `m rmp rmpart
    artlkm
    lkme,
    e,  darhlcnstls `m rm`lëïa m lss lssmss
    mssar
    ar `m
    neprm
    ne prmhsl
    hsl sm mhoah
    mhoahtrlr
    trlrïa.
    ïa. _m lejas garme pragnssn
    pragnssnahlns
    ahlns oahsonmh
    oahsonmhtms,
    tms, pmromjmrïa
    pmromjmrïa qum
     passume
     passu me  plpîns ljsa
    ljsacutl
    cutlemht
    emhtmm oahvmrkm
    oahvmrkmhtms
    htms.. Lgnhlc,
    Lgnhlc, täe a ajdmtnva me oaeue `m
    `nvucklr nhgarelëýms oarrmtls. Î mssl l oahg oahgcuäho
    cuähonl
    nl qum pa`m m `mvm oahtrn
    oahtrnjunr
    junr plrl l
     jal qulcn`
    q ulcn`l`m
    l`m `a
    ` a darhlcnse
    dar hlcnsea. a.
     

    L "EÌ-WAHPL@M" @A_ DAZHLCN_PL_ @M ZM@LËÏA

    Lcîe `m mhgrmhtlr
    mhgrmhtlr l `msnhgarelëïa
    `msnhgarelëïa m l rmsnstähonl
    rmsnstähonl `m lckuhs lssmssarl`as,
    lssmssarl`as, vaoä tmrì
    `m mholrlr uel omrtl neplonähonl `m rmpÿrtmrms, m`ntarms m autras ofmgms hl fnmrlrqunl `ls
    rm`l
    rm`lëý
    ëýms
    ms.. Lnh`
    Lnh`ll fadm
    fadm pmrs
    pmrsns
    nstm
    tm a rm
    rmsq
    squå
    uåona
    ona `m uel fnst fnstÿrn
    ÿrnol
    ol eì-va
    eì-vahtl
    htl`m
    `m oahtr
    oahtrll as
    lssmssarms `m neprmhsl ha Jrlsnc. Mejarl mssm qul`ra dì tmhfl eu`l`a eunta, vaoä vln
    mhoahtrlr
     plpmc darhlcnstls
    `m mxocuå`a `a `m
    cl`arm`lëïa
    jlolhl,qum
    qumvïa tm acflrm `m
    `ì  stltus qumonel,
    î, hl oaea
    vnsïa sm vaoäa rmprmsmhtlssm
    `mcms, `m mstlr me uea
    krlh`m vmåouca `m oaeuhnolëïa.
    M hïa î sÿ par plrtm `as prÿprnas darhlcnstls qum nssa loahtmom. \um eïm hïa kastlrnl
    `m vmr a gncfa
    gncfa mstu`lhtm
    mstu`lhtm `m Darhlcns
    Darhlcnsea
    ea lplrmomh`a hl PW au lssnhlh`a
    lssnhlh`a uel elhofmtm me
    ue darhlc `m krlh`m onrouclëïa1
    Euntls
    Eun tls vmzms as darhlc
    darhlcnst
    nstls
    ls `m rm
    rm`lë
    `lëïa
    ïa sm sujemt
    sujemtme me l ue rntea
    rntea `m trljlcf
    trljlcfaa nhslha
    nhslha m
    glzme pauoa au hmhfue msgarëa plrl raepmr oae mssl rmlcn`l n`l`m, uel vmz qum
    oahtljncnzle ha smu jme-mstlr a mxmroåona `m uel ltnvn-`l`m qum as `ngmrmho `ngmrmhonl
    nl m qum `ì l mcms
     pradm
     pr admëïa
    ëïa me smusmu oår
    oårouc
    oucaa `m
    `m oahv
    oahvnvä
    nvähon
    honl.
    l.
    Î dusta
    dusta m cmkåt
    cmkåtnea
    nea qum vaoä vaoä sahfm
    sahfm me tr trljl
    ljlcfl
    cflrr me uel rm`lëïa,
    rm`lëïa, el
    elss ns
    nssa
    sa hïa
    sn
    snkh
    khng
    ngno
    noll qum
    qum l lssm
    lssmss
    ssararnl
    nl `m nepr
    neprmh
    mhsl
    sl sm
    smdldl uel
    uel ltnv
    ltnvn`
    n`l`
    l`mm emhar
    emhar m qum hïa `mvl`mvl smsmr 
    r 
    smrnlemhtm oahsn`mrl`l oaea ue smtar me qum vaoä pa`mrì sm lprnearlr m lkrmklr vlcar 
    â sul vn`l pragnssnahlc m pmssalc. Lcnìs, mstau tmhtlh`a `nzmr l vaoä qum ls lssmssarnls
    mstïa, me euntas olsas, oueprnh`a ue plpmc qum `mvmrnl smr a `l neprmhsl.
    Nssaa loahtmom
    Nss loahtmom,, par mxmepca,
    mxmepca, smeprm
    smeprm qum as lssmss
    lssmssarms
    arms,, fadm eunta elns vnknclhtms
    vnknclhtms,,
    lcmrtle plrl as mrras `m nhgarelëïa pujcnol`as m nhsnstme hl oarrmëïa. oarrmëïa. Rahta plrl a cmntar.
    cmntar.
    Loahtmom tlejîe qulh`a gloncntle a lomssa `a rmpÿrtmr l mhtrmvnstl`as qum hïa mstlrnle
    `nspahåvmns. Î a cmntar qume klhfl, me ôctnel nhstêhonl, oae l pcurlcn`l`m `m gahtms m oae
    ls rmvmclëýms `m ue nhgarelhtm orm`mhonl`a. M sïa tlejîe as lssmssarms qum täe, ol`l vmz
    elns, cmvl`a la oahfmonemhta `a pôjcnoa, par emna `l neprmhsl, fnstÿrnls `m nhtmrmssm kmrlc
    m qum, olsa oahtrìrna, pa`mrnle dlelns vnr â tahl ‐ tahl  ‐ prav
     pravlvmc
    lvmcemht
    emhtmm parqum
    parqum as vmåoucas
    vmåoucas hïa
    tmrnle pragnss
    pragnssnahlns
    nahlns `nspahåvmns
    `nspahåvmns plrl
    plrl nhvmstnr
    nhvmst nr tmepa nhvmstnkl r m `msoajrnr a lssuhta.
    tmep a me nhvmstnklr
    Mssms mxmepcas smrvme plrl eastrlr qum rm`lëýms m lssmssarnls hïa prmonsle smr 
    trltl`as
    trltl`as oaea cl`as nhnenkas.
    nhnenkas. Me euntls sntulëýms
    sntulëýms,, mcms sïa oahvmrkmhtms, plrl a jme
    `a cmntar.
    L `ngnou
    `ngnouc`l`
    c`l`mm `m sm pmromjm
    pmromjmrr mssl
    mssl oahvmrkä
    oahvmrkähonl
    honl has rmemtm
    rmemtm â fnstÿr
    fnstÿrnl
    nl pacåtno
    pacåtnoll `a
    hassa plås. Mssl tlc eì-vahtl`m hls rm`lëýms vmna `l îpaol me qum l `ntl`url encntlr 
    meprmklvl plrtm `as prÿprnas darhlcnstls oaea lss lssmss
    mssarm
    arms,
    s, gloncntl
    gloncntlh`a
    h`a lssn
    lssne
    e l pujcnol
    pujcnolëïa
    ëïa
    lutaeìt
    lutaeìtnol
    nol `as
    `asprm
    prmss
    ss rmc
    rmcmlsms (tmxtas `m `nvucklëïa plrl l neprmhsl) qum ofmklvle âs
    mlsms
    rm`lëýms.
    A oahgcnta îtnoa `mssl sntulëïa mrl ÿjvna. M hïa lpmhls parqu
    lpmhls parqumm sm trlt
    trltlvl
    lvl `m mstlr l
    smrvnëa `as encntlrms. Me qulcqumr sntulëïa, smr lssmssar m trljlcflr la emsea tmepa
    me rm`lëïa î oaea dak
    oaea  daklrlr plrl
    plr l as `ans cl`as. Glctl nsmhëïa la rmpÿrtmr au la m`ntar plrl
     ducklr sm lqu
    lqumcm
    mcm eltmrnlc
    eltmrnlc `m `nvucklëïa
    `nvucklëïa tme nhtmrms
    nhtmrmssmsm pôjcnoa
    pôjcnoa plrl smr vmnoucl`a.
    vmnoucl`a. Î
    nepmhsìvmc uel
    lssmssarl`a, sntulëïa
    `mgmh`l qumme qum a  prÿpr
    a emsea  prÿprna
    hïana`mvl
    lssmssar, tmh`a me eïas
    smr trlhsgarel`a meue tmxta sajrm
    hatåonl. smu
    _m lssne
    loflssm, smqumr a tmrnl msornta.
     Hl prìtnol, fì qume `nkl qum tlc oahgcnta `mnxl `m mxnstnr sm a rmpÿrtmr ltul me ue
     

    tnpa `m oajmrturl (pacåtnol, par mxmepca) m smus lssmssarl`as


    lssmssarl`as pmrtmhome l autrl ìrml (`m
    oucturl, par mxmepca). Hmssms olsas, 2 mejltm hïa î grahtlc, els lnh`l lssne fì a rnsoa
    `m msjlrrlr me rmclonahlemhtas oae darhlcnstls `m autrls m`ntarnls qum, par ue trnz,
     prnarnzle
     prnarnzl e a "glvar" la oacmkl (nhsmrnh`a
    (nhsmrnh` a a lssmssarl`a
    lssmssarl` a `mstm ha hatnonìrna)
    hatno nìrna) me
    `mtrnemhta `a nhtmrmssm kmrlc.
    A  praj
     prajcmel
    cmel î qum mssm tnpa `m sntulëïa
    sntul ëïa î elns oarrnqumn
    oarrn qumnra
    ra `a qum sm nelknhl.
    nelk nhl. Me
    krlh`
    krlh`mm plrtm,
    emharms. plr tm, î lnh`l
    Parhl-smlnhlnh`l
    `l elns
    eln s oaeue
    pnar oae ue hls
    qulh`a on`l`ms
    on`l`ms
    l pasnëïa `m `a nhtm
    nhtmrn
    lssmssar rnar
    ar
    `m `a plås
    plås m hïa
    neprmhsl meîvmåouc
    vmåo ucas
    as
    agnonlc.
     Hl vmr`l`m, fì euntas darhlcnstls me rm`lëïa m, mspmonl mspmonlcemhtm,
    cemhtm, oacuhnstls qum traole
    glvarms oae meprmsls m pmrsahlcn`l`ms. Wmstme-sm `m uel nelkme `m nh`mpmh`ähonl,
    els glzme ls vmzms `m "lenka" au lpanl`ar `m arklhnzlëýms m pmrsa  pmrsahlcn`
    hlcn`l`ms.
    l`ms.
    _m fì rlzýms qum mxpcnqum
    mxpcnqumee l apasnëïa
    apasnëïa `ls rm`lëýms
    rm`lëýms las lssmssarms
    lssmssarms,, tlejîe glctl
    las darhlcnstls vactlr
    va ctlr as acfas plrl a prmsmhtm m plrl ls l s praguh`ls
    praguh`ls eu`lhëls
    eu`lhëls aoarrn`ls
    aoarrn`ls ha
    smtar `m oa oaeu
    euhn
    hnol
    olëï
    ëïa.
    a. Meja
    Mejarlrl eunt
    euntas
    as lssmss
    lssmssarm
    armss `m neneprm
    prmhsl
    hsl,, oaea
    oaea tlhtls
    tlhtls autrls
    autrls
    oltmka
    oltmkarnl
    rnlss `m pragn
    pragnss
    ssnah
    nahlns
    lns,, sm prmstl
    prmstlrle
    rle l ue plpmc
    plpmc `mprne
    `mprnemht `urlhtmm l `ntl`url,
    mhtmm `urlht
    gmcnzemhtm autrl plromcl elnar sm nhoarparau la emrol`a ha praomssa `meaorìtnoa.
     Hmssm pmroursa, oahtrnjuårle snkhngnoltnvlemhtm
    snkhngnoltnvlem htm plrl cmvlr vìrnas smta-rms
    smta- rms `l saonm`l
    saon m`l`m
    `m
    l mhtmh`mr emcfar a guhonahlemhta `l neprmhsl m l trltì-cl oaea î `mvn`a4 oaea uel
    nh
    nhst
    stnt
    ntun
    unëï
    ëïaa qum sm `m `m`n
    `nol
    ol l `mgm
    `mgmh`
    h`mr
    mr as nhtm
    nhtmrm
    rmss
    ssms
    ms pôjc
    pôjcno
    noas
    as `as
    `as cmnt
    cmntar
    arms
    ms,, auvn
    auvnht
    htms
    ms,,
    tmcmspmotl`arms m usuìrnas (ha olsa olsa `l nhtmrhmt, qum täe vmåoucas ah ]hm) `m elhmnrl cnvrm.
     Hïa fmsnta me lgnrelr qum gan tlejîe krlëls la trljlcfa `ls lssms-sarnls m `as
     pragnssnahlns oaepmtmhtms `mssm rlea qum ls arklhnzlëýms arklhnzlëý ms prnvl`ls m pôjcnols
    rmoahfmomrl
    rmoahfm omrle e l nepartêho
    nepartêhonl nl `l nsm
    nsmhëïa
    hëïa `as darhlc
    darhlcnst
    nstls,
    ls, `l cnjmr`
    cnjmr`l`m
    l`m `m neprmh
    neprmhsl sl m `a
    rmclonahlemhta îtnoa oae as vmåoucas.
    Els la elc-mstlr sajrm "qume sm prms sm  prmstau
    tau l qum tnpa `m plpmc
    `m  plpmc"" hl `nt
    `ntl`ur
    l`urll sajrmvmna
    auttra, l  plrt
    au  plrtnr
    nr `a gnhlc
    gnhlc `l `îol`l
    `îol`l `m <> <>62
    62,, qulh
    qulh`a`a as lslssm
    smss
    ssar
    arms
    ms  ‐ l eln elnarar plrt
    plrtmm
    meprmkl`as `nrmtl au nh`nrmtlemhtm pmcls krlh`ms oarparlëýms ‐ tnvmrle suls ltnvn`l`ms
    mhqul`rl`ls par plrtm `as darhlcnstls `l krlh`m neprmhsl mhtrm lqumcls lgmntls la qum pa`mrnl
    sm oflelr `m cajjnm.
    La `n`nvu
    vuck
    cklr
    lr ls rmrmlc
    lcnz
    nzlë
    lëým
    ýmss `m smsmuu ls
    lssm
    smss
    ssar
    arl`
    l`aa plrl
    plrl l nepr
    neprmhmhsl
    sl,, eunt
    euntls
    ls vmzms a
    lssmssar î vnsta oaea ue pragnssnahlc plka plrl `mgmh`mr as nhtmrmssms `l oarparlëïa
    nh`mpmh`mhtm `m sul îtnol m oahvnoëïa, oaea sm gassm ue sudmnta oae ue plr `m ongrýms hl
    grmhtm `as acfas.
    Mssm î ue `as pahtas `m vnst vnstl.
    l. Autra,
    Autra, î rmgcmtnr
    rmgcmtnr sajrm ls lctmrlëý
    lctmrlëýmsms qum ltnhkme
    ltnhkme l
    eå`nl m qum nepcnole me lepcnlr m rmhavlr a cmqum `m mspmonlcnzlëýms, `mnxlh`a jrmofls
     plrl qum l pragnssïa sm rmhavm oahtnhulemhtm. _nkhngnol _nkhngnol qum a darhlcns
    darhlcnseaea klhfl havls
    nhoarparlr jahs dar
    apartuhn`l`ms `m trljlcfa. Elns `a qum nssa4 la nhoarparlr jahs  darhlcn
    hlcnstl
    stlss `ls rm`lëýms,
    rm`lëýms, ls
    lssmss
    lss mssarnl lprne
    arnlss lpr nearl
    arle
    e suls prìtnols, tarhlh`a-sm ol`l vmz elns pragnssnahlns m prnelh`a
     pmca oaepartlemhta îtnoa ha rmclonahlemhta
    rmc lonahlemhta oae l eå`nl.
    \ulh`a mu mrl darhlcnstl `m rm`lëïa, me eml`as `as lhas >2, oastuelvl daklr ha
    cnxa
    cnxa as mhvm
    mhvmcacapm
    pmss oaht
    oahtmh `a  prmss rmcmlsms `ls lssmssarnls `m neprmhsl sme ljrn-cas,
    mh`a
    sup
    supah`a
    smu ah`a qum hmcms
    oa htmô`a
    oahtmô`a hm
    mrlcmslcka
    oahtnh
    oahqum
    tnhfl
    fl`mvmrnl
    oansl
    oansll smr
    `mvmrn eunta plrmon`l
    `mstn
    `mstnhl`a oae praplklh`l
    hl`a âs pìknhls m las caolnsagnonlc.
    ah`m smRlrl ene,
    pujcnole
    as lhôh
    lhôhon
    onas
    as pujc
    pujcnonont
    ntìr
    ìrna
    nas,
    s, `mvm
    `mvmh`
    h`a,a, ls
    lssn
    sne,
    e, sm
    smrr mhol
    mholen
    enhf
    hfl`
    l`as
    as par
    par ue
    uell lkähonl
    lkähonl `m
     pujcno
     puj cnon`l
    n`l`m
    `m plrl
    plr l a `mplrtl
    `mp lrtlemh
    emhta
    ta oaem
    o aemron
    ronlc
    lc `a
    `a darh
     darhlc.
    lc.
     

    Lssne oaea mu, euntas mx-pragnssnahlns `m rm`lëïa qum garle nhoarparl`as pmcls
    lssmssarnls `m neprmhsl fadm "ear`me l cåhkul".
    Mejarl
    Meja rl smdle
    smdle mxomëýms
    mxomëýms,, fì darhlcn
    darhlcnstl rm`lë
    stlss `m rm`lëïa
    ïa qum lgnrele
    lgnrele hïa
    hïa gl
    glcl
    clrr oae
    lssmssarms `m neprmhsl au qum sÿ lorm`ntlrïa has lssmssarms qulhta mstms vmnouclrme
    hatåonls oahtrl as
    as prÿprn
     prÿprnas
    as ocnmhtms
    ocn mhtms..
    Oaea
    Oa ea qulc
    qulcqu
    qumrmr autr
    autrll pr
    prag
    agns
    nssï
    sïa,
    a, tle
    lejî
    jîe e as ls
    lssm
    smss
    ssar
    arms
    ms `m nepr
    neprmhs
    mhsll sm väme
    ajrnkl
    ajr nkl`as
    cnentm `as l lj
    a hïa ljrn
    rnrr mxom
    mxomëý
    ëýms
    ms  pahtulns
    oaepraemtnemhta oae
    `m suls smus lssmssarl`as
    oahvnoëýms pmssalns mml as jahs
    jah s `a
    hlturmzl oacaol
    oacsmu
    aole
    e oaea
    oae a
    trljlcfa.
    @nssa tlejîe hïa msolple as darhlcnstls, pauoa fljntul`as l prapar plutls au l nhvms-
    tnklr
    tnklr lssuhtas
    lssuhtas qum, emsea `m nhtm nhtmrms
    rmssm
    sm pôjcnoa,
    pôjcnoa,  passle oaep
    oaepraem
    raemtmr
    tmr l nelkme `as
    vmåoucas plrl
    vmåoucas  plrl as qulns trljlcfle.
    Ltî qum pahta sm pmrentme oahomssýms hmssl m me autrls pragnssýms î lcka qum `nx
    rmspmnta â îtnol `m ol`l ue. Rlrl as lssmssarms, î dustl l msoacfl
    msoacfl `m `mgmh`mr ue ocnmhtm qum
    mstmdl me `msorî`nta `nlhtm `l apnhnïa pôjcnol, els qum hl`l passul `m `msljahl`ar.
    `msljahl`ar. Hmssm
     Hmssm
    olsa
    olsa,, ue trlj
    trljlc
    lcfa
    fa sîrna `m `nl`nlkhÿ
    khÿst
    stnoa
    noa  pa`m
     pa `m oa
    oaepr
    eprav
    avlr
    lr qum a elnar prajcmel î
    emsea `m oaeuhnolëïa, pans a ocnmhtm hïa oahsmkum eastrlr l prÿprnl vmrsïa `as gltas.
    Lssmssarl`as hmssl sntulëïa emrmome sne smr `mgmh`n`as.
    Rar aut
    autra
    ra cl`a, fì ocnmht
    ocnmhtms
    ms qum täe uel nelkme
    nelkme ÿtnel
    ÿtnel hl neprmhs
    neprmhsll m `as qulns
    lckuels lssmssarnls ljrme eïa parqum, me `mtmrenhl`a eaemhta, pmromjm-sm qum mstl
    î uel
    uel nelkm
    nelkme e glcs l. _m l lss
    glcsl. lssmss
    mssarn
    arnll  pmromjmr qum ls oahoms
    oahomssým
    sýmss slårle
    slårle `a oahtra
    oahtracm,
    cm, î
    cmkåtnea qum `msnstl `m ltmh`mr â uel nhstntunëïa au pmrsahlcn`l`m qum hïa oahtm l vmr`l`m
    sajrm as gltas m `nssmenhm nhgarelëýms nhoarrmtls hl eå`nl.

    MHPZM ]E JAE ZMRßZPMZ M ]E JAE L__M__AZ


    ]e jae lssmssar `m neprmhsl î lqumcm qum rmoahfmom as cnentms îtnoa `m sul ltulëïa
    m hïa as uctrlplssl. Hïa emhtm, hïa mhklhl, hl lemlël, hïa agmrmom vlhtlkmhs l
     darhlcnstls me traol `l nhsmrëïa `m rmpartlkme pa`ntnvl sajrm smu ocnmhtm. _mu
    oaepraenssa prnhonplc î smeprm a `m luxncnlr a lssmssarl`a ha oahtlta oae a neprmsl,
    me jusol `l hatåonl oarrmtl.

    sajrmAajae lssmssar tme


    lssmssarl`a, jusoleunta
    `l`as`m qum
    ue jae rmpÿrtmr.
    oaepýme ueLpurl orntmrnaslemhtm
    hatåonl, praourl gahtmsnhgarelëýms
    oahgnìvmns
    (`mhtraa m garl `l arklhnzlëïa,
    (`mhtr arklhnzlëïa, sm gar hmomssìrna)
    hmomssìrna) plrl lvmrnkulr l ljar`lkme
    ljar`lkme qum tme me
    emhtm. Hl farl `m `nvucklr, tme l guhëïa `m ldu`lr smu lssmssarl`a l n`mhtngnolr sm a glta
    qum mcm qumr vmr `nvuckl`a î `m nhtmrmssm pôjcnoa m, lssne, plssåvmc `m sm tarhlr ajdmta `m
    eltîrnl. Olsa hïa smdl, a tmel hïa `mvm smr cmvl`a â eå`nl.
    Darhlcnstls qum rmomjme sukmstýms `m plutls glclonasls tmh`me l hïa rmoahfmomr 
    hmss
    hm ssmm oc
    ocnm
    nmht
    htmm uel
    uel ga gaht
    htmm emrm
    emrmomom`a
    `arl
    rl `m oahg
    oahgnl
    nlhë
    hël,
    l, pans
    pans msmstm
    tm pl
    plrm
    rmom
    om pr
    prma
    maou
    oupr
    prl`
    l`aa
    mxocuslnvlemhtm oae as prÿprnas nhtmrmssms m î olplz `m glzmr `l eå`nl ue emra
    nhstruemhta l smu `nspar.
    M elns4 a pragnssnahlc `m rm`lëïa pa`m nhtmrprmtlr qum mssl nhstntunëïa hïa a rmspmntl
    oaea darhlcnstl oaepmtmhtm qum î plrl ducklr uel jal plutl m pra`uznr hatåonls `m
    qulc
    qu lcn`
    n`l`
    l`m.
    m. L plrt
    plrtnr
    nr `n
    `nss
    ssa,
    a, ms
    mstì
    tì lr
    lrrl
    rlhf
    hfl`
    l`ll qulc
    qulcqu
    qumr
    mr passn
    passnjn
    jncn
    cn`l
    `l`m
    `m `m oahs
    oahstr
    trun
    unrr ue
    rmclonahlemhta trlhsplrmhtm m sÿcn`a mhtrm as `ans. Î oclra qum lqun tlejîe fì mxomëýms.
    Me lckuhs olsas, rmpÿrtmrms hïa mstïa fljncntl`as, par lckuel rlzïa, l `nsomrhnr sajrm l
    vlcn`l`m `m uel plutl m loljle tarhlh`a-sm partl
    tarhlh`a-sm  partl-vazm
    -vazmss `as nhtmrmssms `m  pmssals m
     

    nhstntunë
    nhstntunëýms,
    ýms,  par emna `m su
    suls
    ls eltî
    eltîrn
    rnls
    ls hl nepr
    neprmhs
    mhsl.
    l. A eln
    elnss kr
    krlvm
    lvm hmssl
    hmssl sntul
    sntulëïa
    ëïa î
    qulh`a tlns eltîrnls oahtäe `l`as nhoarrmtas au nhmxltas.

    KM_PAZ M_PZLPÎKNOA
    Me smu cnvra Oaeuhnolëïa meprmslrnlc4 tmarnl mpmsqunsl, [ncsah `l Oast
    Oastll Jumha
    `mgmh`m, oae euntl praprnm`l`m, qum a lssmssar `m neprmhsl klhfau ltrnjunëýms eunta
    elns
    `m oaepcmxls
    mhtïa, oae a `m
    smr oflel`a `msmhvacvnemhta `l nh`ôstrnl
    "kmstar `m rmclonahlemht
    rmclonahlemhtas". as".`mMssl
    oaeuhnolë
    oaeuhnolëïa.
    eu`lhël ïa.`m pmrgnc
    M  pmrgnc
    `m `mvmrnl,tmel plrtnr 
    l vmr 
    tlejîe oae a hava plpmc qu qumm l prÿprnl
    l  prÿprnl oaeuhnolëïa klhfau hls arklhnzlëýms4 `m lcka
    tìtnoa plrl uel guhëïa mstrltîknol.
    Me emna âs mstrlt
    mstrltîknls,
    îknls, a jae lssmssar î lqumcm qum mstljmcmom m mxmo mxmoutl
    utl prìtnols
    prìtnols
    qumm cm
    qu cmvl
    vlee â vm vmno
    nouc
    uclë
    lëïa
    ïa `m nh nhga
    gare
    relë
    lëým
    ýmss oa
    oarr
    rrmn
    mnls
    ls.. Rl
    Rlrlrl tlh
    tlhta,
    ta, prm
    prmons
    onsll oah
    oahfmo
    fmomr
    mr l
     pra`uëï
     pra` uëïaa darh
    darhlcåst
    lcåstnol,
    nol, oae ta` ta`ls
    ls ls suls "msqunzagrmhnls". @mcm `mpmh`mrì l oahstruëïa
    `m ueuell rmrm`m
    `m `m rmrmcl
    clon
    onah
    ahlelemhmhta
    tass mh
    mhtr
    trmm  darhl
     darhlcnstls,
    cnstls, gare
    garel`l`arm
    armss `m apnh
    apnhnïnïa,
    a,  pôjcn
     pôjcnoa
    oa
    nhtmrh
    nhtmrhaa m `me`melns
    lns nht
    nhtmrc
    mrcaou
    aoutar
    tarms
    ms qum oahtrnjule
    oahtrnjule plrl oahsacn`l
    oahsacn`lrr uel
    uel jal
     jal nelkm
    nelkme e `l
    arklhn
    ark lhnzlë
    zlëïa.
    ïa. Hl tmhtmhtlt
    tltnvl
    nvl `m ljrljrnr
    nr msp
    msplëa
    lëass pas
    pasntn
    ntnvas
    vas hl eå`nl, 2 lssmssar `mvm ornlr 
    apar
    ap artu
    tuhn
    hn`l
    `l`m
    `ms.
    s. El
    Elss  dlelns `mvm pmr`mr `m vnstl qum smu  plpmc î rm rmpr
    prms
    msmh
    mhtl
    tlrr a
    lssmssarl`a.
    \ulh`a l ornsm jltmr, tlejîe mstlrì hls eïas `a lssmssar nh`nolr sm smu ocnmhtm
     prmonsl
     prmo nsl lpmhls mhoahtrlr l emcfar garel `m rmspah`mr âs oråtnols `l neprmhsl au sm
    `mvm rmvmr sul ltul ltulëïëïaa par
    par oaep
    oaepcm cmta
    ta.. @mpa
    @mpansns `l sntul
    sntulëïa
    ëïa `m memr memrkäh
    kähononl,
    l, ta`as
    ta`as
     prmonslrïa
     prmons lrïa `m`nolr
    `m`no lr ltmhëïa
    ltmhë ïa  plrl qu qumm autautrls sntulë
    tulëýmýmss smemc
    memcflflht
    htms
    ms paspassle smr 
     prmvmhn`ls.
     prmvmhn `ls. Me hmkÿo
    hmkÿonas
    nas `m lcta rnsoa, pmcl prÿprnl hlturmzl `ls ltnvn`l`ms, pclhas `m
    kmrmhon
    kmr mhonlem
    lemhta
    hta `m ornsm
    ornsm `mvme
    `mvme mstlr
    mstlr prahta
    prahtass plrl
    plrl smrme
    smrme lonahl
    lonahl`as`as me `mtmrenhl`as
    eae
    aemh mhttas.
    as. Hl eln lnar
    ar plr
    plrtm `as`as ols
    olsas,
    as, l msmspnpnhf
    hfll `ars
    `arslc
    lc `l mepr
    meprms msll î a  jae
    rmclonahlemhta oae l neprmhsl.
    Rlrl qum a pclha `ä omrta, î prmonsa tmr `msmhvacvn`a, la cahka `m sul fnstÿrnl,
    rmclonahlemhtas sustmhtìvmns oae `nvmrsas pôjcnoas. ]el arklhnzlëïa qum elhtîe uel
    rmclëïa ljmrtl m pragnssnahlc oae darhlcnstls, omrtlemhtm slnrì oae l nelkme emhas
    lrrlhfl`l `l ornsm. Lhtms, `urlhtm m `mpans `mstl, a jae a  jae lssmssar
    lssmssar prmonsl
     prmonsl mstljmcmomr 
     prìtnolss pasntnvls
     prìtnol pasntnvl s plrl qum ls hatåonls pujcnol `ls oae nsmhëïa m rmoahfmonemhta
    hatåonl s smdle pujcnol`ls rmoahfmonemhta
     plrl oae as msgarëas
    msgarë as `l arklhnzlëï
    arklh nzlëïa. a. Rar nssa a  pragns
     pragnssnahlc
    snahlc `as tmepas
    tmepa s ltulns
    ltuln s `mvm
    ljrnr eïa `m smr lpmhls ue nhstruemhta plrl `nvucklëýms `m smu lssmssarl`a plrl sm
    rmoahfmomr, mhtïa, oaea ue lrtnoucl`ar mstrltîknoa. mstrltîknoa.

    A \]M Î @M NHPMZM__M RÔJCNOA RLZL ]E CL@A Î PLEJÎE RLZL A


    A]PZA1
     Hïa î smeprm qum a trljlcfa `a lssmssar m `a rmpÿrtmr î nhtmrltnva au qum mstm prms
    mstm  prmstl
    tl
    smrvnëas la cmntar m lqumcm gloncntl l nhgarelëïa oae mssl gnhlcn`l`m.
    Euntls vmzms, l nhgarelëïa l smr `nvuckl`l î oahsn`mrl`l `m nhtmrmssm pô
    nhtmrmssm pôjc
    jcnoa
    noa pl
    plrl
    rl
    hïa  plrl
    ue `as cl`as, els hïa pl rl a autra. Me autrl
    autrls,
    s, a qum î lcmkl
    lcmkl`a
    `a oaea
    oaea `m nhtmrmssm
     pôjcnoa pa`m smr qum
    qumst
    stnah
    nahl`a
    l`a..  Hïa rlrlemhtm, lssmssarms m darhlcnstls mstïa me cl`as
    oaep
    oaepcm
    cmtl
    tlem
    emht
    htmm apas
    apasta
    tas.
    s. Rart
    Rartlhlhta
    ta,, oaem
    oaemom
    om mhgr
    mhgrmh
    mhtl
    tlh`
    h`aa ms
    mssl
    sl `ngm
    `ngmrmhëll `m elhmnrl
    rmhë
    oahsonmhtm.
    A emcfar l glzmr, mhtïa, î mhtmh`mr jme
    mhtmh`mr  jme a smhtn
    s mhtn`a
    `a `l sul pragn
    sul  pragnssïa4
    ssïa4 vaoä lssmssarl
     

    sm
    smuu ocnm
    ocnmhtm
    htm m hïa la darhl
    darhlcn
    cnst
    stll ‐ ln
    lnh`l
    h`l qum mssl lgnrelëï
    lgnrelëïaa kmrm oahtravî
    oahtravîrsnl
    rsnlss mhtrm
    rmpÿrtmr
    rmpÿ rtmrms,
    ms, mspmonlc
    mspmonlcemhtm
    emhtm ququlhlh`a
    `a a lssmss
    lssmssarl
    arl`a
    `a î ue ÿrkïa pôjcnoa
    pôjcnoa,, m a darhlcnstl
    lrkuemhtl qum a slcìrna `a lssmssar l`vîe `as nepastas plkas par ta`a on`l`ïa.
    _mdl
    _m dl oae
    oaeaa ga
    gar,
    r, l hïa
    hïa smr qum a  darhlcnstl  pmël sul ldu`l plrl cmvlhtlr gahtms,
    smr qum
    nhgarelëýms m `l`as
    `l`as,, olhlcnzm
    olhlcnzm sul mhmrknl m sul ltmhëïa plrl luxncnlr
    luxncnlr smu lssmssar
    lssmssarl`a
    l`a
    ha rmclonahlemhta qum mcm prmonslrì `msmhvacvmr oae l neprmhsl `l emcfar garel
     passåvmc.
    neprmhsl,Euntls vmzms,
    els hïa vaoä ltme
    nhtmrmssl smuuel mxomcmht
    mxom cmhtmmqum
    lssmssarl`a eltîrnl
    eltî
    mclrnlsmdl
    mevmnoucl`l ‐
    eïas `a ‐
    vmnoucl`l paht
    pahtaa pmca
    `m vnstl
    au pmca
    au `l
    emhas
    hïa hlqumc
    hlqumcmm eaemht
    eaemhta.
    a. _ljmr
    _ljmr glzmr
    glzmr mssl
    mssl `nstnh
    `nstnhëïa
    ëïa m vmr ltî ah`m ah`m a lcmk
    lcmkl`
    l`aa nhtm
    nhtmrm
    rmss
    ssmm
     pôjcnoa sm sajrmpým las nhtmrmssms `m qume vaoä mstì lssmssarlh`a
    lssmssarlh `a î guh`lem
    guh`lemhtlc
    htlc plrl
    qumm vaoä
    qu vaoä hïa
    hïa sm pmr
    pmrol,
    ol, hïa
    hïa slslnl
    nl `a ga
    gaoa
    oa `a sm smuu trlj
    trljlclcfa
    fa m hïa
    hïa prmd
    prmdu`
    u`nq
    nqum
    um sm
    smuu
    lssmssarl`a.

    LNH@L MVN_PME AJDMPNWA_ ME OAE]E


    _m mxns
    mxnstm
    tme
    e `n
    `nvm
    vmrk
    rkäh
    ähon
    onls
    ls mhtr
    mhtrmm a plpm
    plpmcc `a ls
    lssm
    smss
    ssar
    ar m a `a darh
    darhlc
    lcns
    nstl
    tl `m rm`lëïa,
    rm`lëïa,
    mxns
    mxnstm
    tmee tle
    tlejîe
    jîe ajdmtn
    ajdmtnvas
    vas me oaeue.
    oaeue. A prnhonprnhonplc
    plc `mc
    `mcms
    ms î qôm
    qôm hÿs,
    hÿs, as lslsssms
    mssa
    sarm
    rmss,
    trljlcfleas plrl nhtmhsngnolr a gcuxa `m nhgarelëýms mhtrm as emnas `m oaeuhnolëïa m l
    saon
    sa onm`
    m`l`
    l`m.
    m. Oae
    Oae nssa
    nssa,, glonc
    gloncnt
    ntlea
    leass a lomss
    lomssaa `as darhlc
    darhlcns
    nstls
    tls âs gahtm
    gahtmss m luxncn
    luxncnlea
    leass ls
    emse
    em selsls gahtm
    gahtmss (hass
    (hassasas lssms
    lssmssa
    sarl`
    rl`as)
    as) l tmr ue olhlc
    olhlc `m oaeoaeuhn
    uhnolë
    olëïaïa ljm
    ljmrta
    rta oae
    oae l
    neprmh
    nep rmhsl.
    sl. Lcîe `nssa,
    `nssa, l eltîrn
    eltîrnl-p
    l-prne
    rnell `mssm
    `mssm rmclonah
    rmclonahlem
    lemhta
    hta î l nhgarelëïa mxltl m
    oarrmnl.
     prmonsa
     Hïa î  prmo nsa gnolr oae ue pî ltrìs au sm prmplrlr plrl nr â kumrrl. _m l rmkrl
    `mssm rmclonahlemhta gar a pragnssnah
     pragnssnahlcnsea
    lcnsea (mejlcl`a
    (mejlcl `a pmcl îtnol) `m lejas as cl`as, î a
     pôjcnoa qum, me ôctnel nhstêhonl, slnrì jmhmgnonl`a. Lgnhlc, ls pmssals täe jusol`a,
    täe jusol`a, ol`l
    vmz elns, nhgarelëýms
    nhgarelëýms plrtnouclrms sajrm arklhnzlëýms oae ls qulns sm rmclonahle. Mstl
     plrmo
     pl rmomm smr uel garel olrlotmråstnol `l  pÿ  pÿs-e
    s-ea`
    a`mrh
    mrhn`
    n`l`m
    l`m,, me qum as on`l`ïas
    on`l`ïa s `mnxle
    `m lorm`ntlr gnrememhtm hls krlh`ms nhstntunëýms (oaea Nkrmdl m kavmrhas) m tmhtle sm
    sntulr me uhnvmrsas elns rmstrntas â vn`l oatn`nlhl. O) olenhfa î l nhgarelëï nhgarelëïa,a, qum gcun
    eunta
    eun ta elns sactl hl garel `m rm`ms `m oaeuhnolëïa.
    oa euhnolëïa.

    `l`asEmcfar
    Emcfarlr
    lr arklhnzlëýms,
    sajrm ls mssm gcuxa `mî nhgarelëýms
    nhgarelëýms
    ue plssa hl m`nrmëïa
    cmvlr `a
    la oahtmxta
    pôjcnoa,
    pôjcnoa, oahtmeparêhma.
    par emna `l nepr
    ne@mgnhnr 
    prmh
    mhsl
    sl,,
    a qum î, `m glta,
    glta, nhtmrmss
    nhtmrmssmm pôjcnoa,
    pôjcnoa, ms
    mstì
    tì qulsm
    qulsm vnrlh`a
    vnrlh`a tlrmgl
    tlrmgl `m l`nvnh
    l`nvnhflë
    flëïa.
    ïa. Mssm
    Mssm
    omhìrna, qum vme smh`a pmsqunsl`a mxlustnvlemhtm pmcas mstu`nasas `l pÿs-ea`mrhn`l`m,
    mxnkm qum tlhta l eå`nl qulhta ls arklhnzlëýms me kmrlc rmvnsme smus rmclonahlemhtas.
    A prnemnra `mslgna î sljmr qume î a pôjcnoa. @mpans, vme l tlrmgl `m `msoajrnr a qum
    mcm qumr sljmr.
     Hmssmm lejnmhtm
     Hmss lejnmhtm `m `ôvn`ls
    `ôvn`ls m nhomrtmzls
    nhomrtmzls,, ls lssmssar
    lssmssarnls
    nls `mneprmhs
    `mneprmhslmst
    lmstïa
    ïa sm
    rmmstruturlh`a m jusolh`a oahstrunr lcnomroms elns smkuras. Nhoarparl`ls pmcls lkähonls
    `m oaeuhnolëïa m rmclëýms pôjcnols, sm `msmhvacvmrle l pahta `m jlcnzlr ls mstrltîknls `m
    kavmrhas, krlh`ms oarparlëýms m nhstntunëýms saonlns ha euh`a ta`a. M a qum vmrmeas l
    smkunr.

    ]E HAWA EA@MCA @M OAE]HNOLËÏA


    @nlhtm `mssm omhìrna me qum ls rmclëýms pôjcnols lssueme plpmc guh`lemhtlc hls
    arklhnzlëýms, vlcm l pmhl glzmr uel jrmvm plusl m has clhëlreas ue pauoa â tmarnl. Me
     

     plrtm par oahtl `a eavnemhta kmhmrlcnzl`a me jusol `m vnsnjncn`l`m hl eå`nl, mstu`nasas


    `l oaeuhnolëïa mstïa rmvmh`a l n`înl `m msplëa pôjcnoa hl oahtmeparlhmn`l`m. Oaea
    msgmrl `m `nsoussïa pacåtnol (ha smhtn`a elns lepca m hïa lpmhls agnonlc au pacåtnoa
     plrtn`ìrna), l neprmhsl `a sîouca xve sm olrlotmrnzlvl jlsnolemhtm oaea emna plrl
     jltlcfls `m apnhnïa, cn`mrl`ls
    cn`mrl`ls pmcl oclssm jurkumsl
    jurkumsl me lsomhsïa.
     Hl smqóähonl (sîouca xnx), surkm l neprmhsl oaemronlc, oae prnarn
    prnarn`l`ms
    `l`ms pujcnontìrnls
    memhas
    pra`uëïa nh`ustrnlc
    `nrmtl arnmhtl`loae
    m trlhsplrmhtm plrlasa on`l`ïas.
    cuora. L prnelznl
    Autras emrolhtnc
    nhtmrmssms,ornau
    qum uel
    hïa rmclëïa eunta
    as `a `mjltm
     pôjcnoa, prmvlcmomrle.
     Huel tmromnrl glsm, l tmcmvnsïa m l oaeuhnolëïa `m elssl elns `msmhvacvn`l
    nhtmhsngnolrle a usa `l pujcnon`l`m m plsslrle l prnarnzlr a mspmtìouca m a `nvmrtnemhta,
    rmcmklh`a lnh`l elns l nepartêhonl `l lrkuemhtlëïa qum flvnl elrol`a l neprmhsl `m
    apnh
    ap nhnï
    nïa.
    a. Ls tîoh
    tîohno
    nols
    ls `m oaeu
    oaeuhn
    hnol
    olëï
    ëïaa l`at
    l`atl`
    l`ls
    ls par
    par mepr
    meprms
    msls
    ls m kavm
    kavmrh
    rhas
    as klhfl
    klhflrl
    rle
    e
    oaepcmxn`l`m plrl qum suls nelkmhs gassme emcfar mxpastls.
    Lkarl tlns tîohnols ofmklrle la ìpnom. Wnvmeas ue ea`mca qum Jmrhlr` Enokm ‐ 
    nepartlhtm pmsqunsl`ar `l ]hnvmrsn`l`m `m Krmhajcm ‐ oflel `m "rmclëýms pôjcnols
    kmhmrlcnzl`ls". Cn`mrl`ls par nhstntunëýms saonlns `m ta`a tnpa, l plrtnr prnhonplcemhtm `as
    lhas ;2, mcls smrnle rmspahsìvmns par oahsmkunr l`msïa l smus nhtmrmssms. Els hïa sm trltl
    lpmhls `m `nsoursa pura `m rmlgnrelëïa `mssls nhstntunëýms. Hmstl mrl, ls rmclëýms pôjcnols
    mstïa vactl`ls tlejîe plrl ltnvlr eu`lhëls saonlns m oucturlns.
    Nssa nhocun nhtmkrlr elns ls pmssals me suls oaeuhn`l`ms9 jusolr vnsnjncn`l`m plrl
     pradmtas `m arklhnzlëýms m `m on`l`ïas oaea ta`as hÿs9 m, hïa smdleas nhkähuas,
    mstljmcmomr nhtmrmssms prnvl`as tlejîe.
    Mejarl ls rmclëýms pôjcnols ltume oae uel `nvmrsn`l`m mharem `m emnas m `m
     pôjcnoas, î l ljar`lkme `nrmtl oae l neprmhsl qum lnh`l klhfl elns ltmhëïa `ls
    nhstntunëýms qum plsslrle l nhvmstnr me oaeuhnolëïa. Nssa aoarrm jlsnolemhtm parqum sm
    rmoahfmom a pa`mr `m gaka `l eå`nl ‐ plrl a jme au plrl a elc.
    Ormna qum mssm omhìrna hïa mstì tatlcemhtm oahsacn`l`a ha Jrlsnc, els sm `msmhvacvm
    me praomssa lvlhël`a. Jlstl ajsmrvlr l `nvmrsn`l`m `m nhstntunëýms qum täe jusol`a ltulr 
    oae lssmssarnl `m neprmhsl. Hue plssl`a hïa eunta `nstlhtm, qulsm qum lpmhls ls
    krlh`ms oarparlëýms (m mspmonlcemhtm ls euctnhlonahlns, qum dì trlznle mssl jlklkme `m
    smus plåsms) jusolvle garelr `mplrtlemhtas `m oaeuhnolëïa au oahtrltlr lkähonls plrl
    ue trljlcfa mstrltîknoa oae l eå`nl. Pmhfa ajsmrvl`a has ôctneas lhas oaea ls
     pmqumhls meprmsls, mhtn`l`ms `l saonm`l`m onvnc m pragnssnahlns lutðhaeas (oaea
    l`vakl`as, lrquntmtas m autras) mstïa sm nhoarparlh`a l mssm oahtnhkmhtm, hue rntea vmcaz.
     

    OLRNP]CA NNN 

    Lssmssarnl `m neprmhsl au rmclëýms pôjcnols1


    p ôjcnols1
    Rrapahfa uel pmqumhl rmvnsïa fnstÿrnol sajrm ls ltnvn`l`ms `m rmclëýms pôjcn pôjcnols
    ols m `m
    lssmssarnl `m neprmhsl. Hïa `ì plrl oahomjmr ue pragnssnahlc qum qumnrl sm lvmhturlr par 
    qulcqumr olepa nelknhìvmc m qum hïa slnjl qume lhtms pnsau par lcn. Î prmonsa oaeprmmh`mr l
    mvacuëïa `mssl ìrml plrl sljmreas mxltlemhtm ah`m mstleas lkarl m oaea sm mstljmcmomrle
    `mtmrenhl`as oahomntas oae as qulns vaoä tmrì `m trljlcflr `nlrnlemhtm.
    Fì qume lpahtm krlh`ms pmhsl`arms `l Lhtnkun`l`m, oaea Faemra, Vmhagahtm m
    _ÿor
    _ÿ orlt
    ltms
    ms oaea
    oaea as pr prmo
    mour
    ursa
    sarm
    rmss `ls
    `ls pr
    prìt
    ìtno
    nols
    ls lg
    lgmn
    mntl
    tlss âs rm
    rmcl
    clëý
    ëýms
    ms pôjc
    pôjcno
    nols
    ls.. Mxn
    Mxnstme
    stme lnh`
    lnh`ll
    rmgmrähonls las prnemnras `aouemhtas qum `nvucklrle `monsýms `as kavmrhlhtms, oaea l Lotl
    @nurhl, `a Gÿrue Zaelha (sîouca vh lO) au ls olrtls onrouclrms `l `nhlstnl Flh, hl Ofnhl `a
    sîouca @ lO.
     Ha mhtlhta,
    mhtlhta, tlhta
    tlhta l guhëïa `m lssmssa
    lssmssarr `m neprmhsl
    neprmhsl qulhta
    qulhta l `m rmclëý
    rmclëýms
    ms pôjcnol
    pôjcnolss sÿ
     plssau
     pls sau l mxnst
    mxnstnr,
    nr, `m glta,
    glta, hl vnrl`l
    vnrl`l `a sîouca
    sîouca xnx plrl a sîouca xx, ha praoms praomssa
    sa `m
    oahsacn`lëïa `a olpntlcnsea.
    Gan oae
    `l ornlëïa `l lprmhsl
    nhvmhëïa `l ratltnvl
    `m tnpas eÿvmns(<6<<) m `a cnhatnpa
    par Kutmhjmrk ‐ (<66=) ‐ partlhta,
    qum l m`nëïa ?22 lhasjacmtnhs
    `m plhgcmtas, `mpans
    m `melns
    `m elns emnas
    em nas neprmssas tarhau-sm elns lomssåvmc l krupas elnarms `m cmntarms cmntarms..
    La emsea tmepa, a `msmhvacvnemhta nh`ustrnlc prapnonau l garelëïa `ls elssls `m
    trlj
    trljlc
    lcfl
    fl`a
    `arm
    rmss m, oae
    oae mc mcls
    ls,, `ls
    `ls pr
    prne
    nemn
    mnrl
    rlss ls
    lssa
    saon
    onlë
    lëýms
    ýms m snh`noltas oae n`mnls saonlcnstls,
    oaeuhnstls au lhlrqunstls. Ha olepa cntmrìrna, a Zmlcnsea, mholrrmkl`a `m sm apar la
    Zaelhtnsea,
    Zaelhtns ea, trauxm â tahl ljusas pacåtnoas, moahÿenoas m saonlns `a pmråa`a, qum garle
     plrlr hls
    h ls pìknhls
    pìknh ls `l neprmhsl
    n eprmhsl pmcls
    p mcls eïas
    eï as `a darhlcnsea
    da rhlcnsea `m `mhôhonl.
    Me oahtrlpasnëïa las darhlns trl`nonahlns qum hïa `lvle l mcms vaz sugnonmh sugnonmhtm,
    tm, as
    trljlcfl`arms plsslrle l ornlr suls prÿprnls pujcnolëýms. Loul`as, as meprmkl`arms
    rmspah`mrle ornlh`a darhlns `nrmona `nrmonahl`a
    hl`ass l smus
    smus guhonahìr
    guhonahìrnas nas,, me uel tmhtltnvl `m
    mvntlr qum ls n`mnls cnjmrtìrnls m rmvacuonahìrnls oaaptlssme as apmrìrnas.
    _urknrl
    _urk nrle,
    e, lssne,
    lssne, asas prne
     prnemnr
    mnras
    as fau
    fausmsm ark lhs au ls "pujcnolëýms `l olsl", ls rmvnstls,
    arklhs
     gacfmtas, ga/`mrs m fadm darhlns, eurlns m mcmtrðhnoas `m`nol`as l  praeavmr l oaeuhnolëïa
    `nrmtl mhtrm l nhstntunëïa m smus guhonahìrnas.
    A  prmsn`
     prmsn`mhtm
    mhtm hartm-lemrn
    hartm -lemrnolha
    olha Lh`rmw
    Lh`rm w Dloisah
    Dl oisah gan a pr prmours
    moursarar `as
    ` as fausm arklhs hl
    ìrmll kavmrhl
    ìrm kavmrhlemh emhtlc clhëlr,, me <6:>
    tlc la clhëlr 6:>, a PfPfmm Kc
    Kcaj a.  Hl nhnonltnvl
    aja. nhnon ltnvl prnvl`l,
    prnvl `l, ue `as
     prnemnras
     prnemn ras darhln
     darhlnss `m meprmsl vactl`as plrl a pôjcnoa nhtmrha nhtmrha gan a Pfm Prnpfleemr, `l
    Elssmy Flrrns Oax, tlejîe has Mstl`as ]hn`as, me <66=.
    A lcolhom m a rmt rmtarh
    arhaa  praparonahl`as
     praparon ahl`as pmcl mxpasnëïa pôjcnol cmvlrle pnahmnras
    oaea Rfnhmls P. Jlrhue, `a Onroa Jlrhue, ll pra`  pra`uzn
    uznrr gacf
    g acfmta
    mtas,
    s, plhgcm
    plh gcmtas
    tas m  jrao
     jraofur
    furls
    ls
    oaea garel `m `nvucklëïa, lcîe `m oaeprlr msplëas has darhlns plrl `nvucklr smus
    mspmtìoucas.

    "A RÔJCNOA \]M _M @LHM"


    Els î oc
    oclr
    lraa qum
    qum l elna
    elnarr on
    onro
    rouc
    uclë
    lëïa
    ïa `m nhga
    nhgarelëý
    relëýms
    ms `mspmrtlvl
    `mspmrtlvl rmsnstähonls
    rmsnstähonls `m
    `mtmrenhl`as lkmhtms moahÿenoas, nh`nspastas l `lr sltnsglëýms `m suls oah`utls. Gan
     

    hmssls onrouhstêhonls qum, me <66:, [nccnle Fmhry Wlh`mrjnct pragmrnu l grlsm "tfm pujcno
    `lem`"" (a pôjcnoa qum sm `lhm), qulh`a orntnol`a m oajrl`a par olusl `l pîssnel
    jm `lem`
    qulcn`l`m `as smrvnëas qum suls gmrravnls prmstlvle has Mstl`as ]hn`as.
    L grls
    grlsmm mhtr
    mhtrau
    au plrl
    plrl l fnst
    fnstÿr
    ÿrnl
    nl oaea
    oaea pîss
    pîssne
    neaa mxme
    mxmepc
    pcaa `m oaea
    oaea ls meprmeprms
    msls
    ls
    cn`lvle oae as nhtmrmssms pôjcnoas m oae smus usuìrnas au oahsuen`arms. La emsea
    tm
    tmep
    epa,
    a, mssm
    mssm omhì
    omhìrn
    rnaa `mea
    `meahs
    hstr
    trlv
    lvll a olep
    olepaa prap
    prapåo
    åona
    na plrl
    plrl qum
    qum ls arkl
    arklhn
    hnzl
    zlëý
    ëýms
    ms
     plss lssme
     plsslssm
    Oaee la `melh`
    Oae `me
    lvlh
    lv lh`lr
    ëalr`l
    lhëa smrv
    s mrvnëa
    nëas
    nepr
    ne smhsl
    prmhpragnssnah
    pragn
    sl ssnahlns
    snh`
    snh`nolns
    lc me
    nolc jusol
    j usol
    m `l `mähon
    mxnk
    mx emcf
    eonl
    nkäh mcfar
    l ar
    parmxpas
    pamrxpasnëïa
    nëïa.
    trlh
    trlhsp
    splr . ähonll hl
    lrähon hlss
    ltnvn`l`ms rmclonahl`ls la jme oaeue m la jme-mstlr `l papuclëïa, l oaeuhnolëïa
    meprms
    mep rmslrn
    lrnlc
    lc sur
    surkm
    km oae
    oaeaa uel tmh tmhtlt
    tltnvl
    nvl `m `lr uel rmspastl, uel sltnsglëïa l mssls
    oajrlhëls.
    Mrl uel mxomcm
    mxomcmhtm
    htm apartu
    apartuhn`l`m
    hn`l`m `m hmkÿon
    hmkÿonaa plrl as pragn
    pragnssna
    ssnahlns
    hlns `m
    `mvnvn`l
    `lem
    emhthtmm
    "lhtmhl`as", m gan nssa a qum gmz a hartm-lemrnolha Nvy Cmm.
    Mx-darhlcnstl `m moahaenl `as darhlns Pfm Hmw ^ari Pnems, Hmw ^ari Daurh ^ari Daurhlc lc t Hmw
    ^ari [arc`, mcm plssau l agmrmomr la emrol`a smrvnëas nhî`ntas4 nhgarelëýms meprmslrnlns
    qum ls  prÿprnls meprmsls lutarnzlvle smr lpurl`ls m `nvuckl`ls, oae a ajdmtnva `m
    ltnhknr l apnhnïa pôjcnol.
    Me <>27, Cmm gan oahtrltl`a par uel nh`ôstrnl `m olrvïa enhmrlc m lssne pð`m
    lprnearlr hl prìtnol smus oahomntas sajrm nelkme nhstntuonahlc (rmclëýms pôjcnols) m
    `nvu
    `nvuck
    cklë
    lëïa
    ïa (l(lss
    ssms
    mssa
    sarn
    rnll `m nenepr
    prmh
    mhsl
    sl).
    ). Mc
    Mcmm vnvnlj
    ljnc
    ncnz
    nzau
    au l lomn
    lomntl
    tlëï
    ëïaa pô
    pôjc
    jcno
    noll `m sm smus
    us
    lssmss
    lss mssarl`a
    arl`ass par nhtmre
    nhtmreî`na
    î`na `a trljlcfa
    trlj lcfa `m rmclonahlemhta
    rm clonahlemhta oae l eå`nl.
    Ls nhgarelëýms rmplssl`ls par Cmm ofmklvle la darhlcnstl oae a emsea nhtmrmssm
     pmcl lpurlëï
    lpurlëïa,
    a, rnkar `a tmxta m orm`njnc
    orm`njncn`l`m
    n`l`m `l hatå
    hatåonl.
    onl. Rar nssa, me euntls aolsným
    aolsnýms,s,
    tarhlrle-sm lcva `m nhtmrmssm `as darhlns, qum plsslrle l utncnzì-cls plrl mcljarlr 
    eltîrnls.
    Rlrl emcfarlr l nelkme pôjcnol `m smus lssmssarl`as, Cmm `mgmh`nl `nlhtm `as
    vmåo
    vm åouc
    ucas
    as `m oa oaeu
    euhn
    hnol
    olëï
    ëïaa lc
    lcku
    kuhshs prprmo
    momn
    mnta
    tass oa
    oaea
    ea nhgar
    nhgarelë
    elëïa
    ïa krkrltu
    ltunt
    ntl,
    l, mxl
    mxltl
    tl,, `m
    nhtmrmssm pôjcnoa m `m usa glouctltnva pmcl neprmhsl.

    A RM_A
    A qum@LltîK]MZZL
    mhtïa sm oahfmonl par rmclëýms pôjcnols (m a trljlcfa `m `nvucklëïa, qum
    fadm oarrmspah`mrnl
    oarrmspah`mrnl la oahomnta-pl`rï
    oahomnta-pl`rïaa `m lssmssarnl
    lssmssarnl `m neprmhsl) gan eunta utncnzl`a utncnzl`a
    `urlhtm
    `urlhtm l Rrnemnrl
    Rrnemnrl Kumrrl Euh`nlc
    Euh`nlc (<><0-<><6)
    (<><0-<><6) plrl gaemhtlr
    gaemhtlr a pltr
    pltrnatnnatnseasea m lrrmol`l
    lrrmol`lr 
    r 
    `nhfmnra plrl l lssnstähonl saonlc.
    As prprms
    msn`
    n`mh
    mhtmtmss hart
    hartm-
    m-le
    lemr
    mrno
    nolh
    lhas
    as Pfma
    Pfma`a
    `arm
    rm Zaas
    Zaasmv
    mvmc
    mctt m [aa` [aa`ra raw
    w [ncs
    [ncsah
    ah
    rmoarrmrle oae ähglsm l mhtrmvnstls oacmtnvls m â `nstrnjunëïa `m prms
     prmsss rmcmlsms
    rmcmlsms..
    Lpÿs
    Lp ÿs l ororns
    nsmm `m <>:>
    <>:>,, qulh
    qulh`a
    `a l qumj
    qumjrrl `l Jac
    Jacsl `m Wlcarlcarms ms `m HavlHavl ^ari 
    ^ari 
    rmpmroutnu hmkltnvlemhtm pmca euh`a, l prìtnol klhfau
     

    hava nepu
    hava nepucs csa,
    a, dì qum
    qum l apnh
    apnhnï
    nïaa pôjc
    pôjcno
    noll mxnk
    mxnknl
    nl rm
    rmsp
    spas
    astl
    tlss elns
    elns lprn
    lprnear
    earl`l
    l`lss `m
    kavmrhl
    kavm rhlhtms
    htms m `m meprmsì
    meprmsìrnarnas,
    s, mhqulhta
    mhqulhta as emseas
    emseas pmromjmr
    pmromjmrlele l hmomss
    hmomssn`l
    n`l`m
    `m `m sm
     pasnonahlrme
     pasnonah lrme me rmclëïa
    rmclë ïa âs pmr`ls
    p mr`ls sagrn`ls
    sa grn`ls m âs pmrspmotnvl
    pmrspm otnvlss `m rmoupmrlëï
    rmoup mrlëïa.
    a.
    Mstn
    Mstnel
    el-s-smm qum,
    qum, ha nhåo
    nhåona
    na `l `îol
    `îol`l`l `m <>?2
    <>?2,, saemh
    aemhttm a darh
    darhlc
    lc Pf
    Pfmm Hmw
    Hmw ^ari 
    ^ari 
    Pnems tnhfl 72% `ls suls eltîrnls l plrtnr `m plutls nhtmrem`nl`ls pmcas lssmssarms
    `m neprmh
    neprmhslsl,, smkuh
    smkuh`a`a a mhtïa
    mhtïa m`ntar
    m`ntar `ls
    `ls rm
    rmvn
    vnst
    stls
    ls  Gartuhm m  NDgm, Daf
    Dafhh Dmssup
    Dmssup,, huel
    mhtrmvnstl
     prìtn ol. me <>;;. @ltl `mssm pmråa`a a nhtmrmssm `ls uhnvmrsn`l`ms par mstu`lr mssl
     prìtnol.
     Hl _mkuh`l
    _mku h`l Kumrrl
    Kumrr l Euh`nlc,
    Euh` nlc, ls ltnvn`l`
    ltnv n`l`ms
    ms `m lssmssarn
    lssms sarnll `m neprmhsl vactlrle l
    smr eunta utncnzl`ls
    utncnzl`ls,, loaea`l`
    loaea`l`ls
    ls las nhtmrmssm
    nhtmrmssmss lutarntìrnas `l praplklh`
    praplklh`ll glsonstl
    glsonstl m
    hlznstl.
    L pmsqunsl`arl hartm-lemrnolhl Eahnqum Lukrls oahtl qum, has Mstl`as ]hn`as,
    me <>?7, smns me ol`l krupa `m ?22 meprmslsmeprmsls tnhfle
    tnhfle smrv
    smrvnëa
    nëass `m rm
    rmcl
    clëým
    ëýmss pôjcno
    pôjcnols
    ls m
    lssmss
    lssmssarn
    arnll `m neprmh
    neprmhsl.sl. Me <>7<,
    <>7<, mssl rmclëïa plssau plrl :=2 me ol`l ?22 m, l plrtnr 
    `as lhas ;2, lcolhëau pltlelr prÿxnea `as <22%.

    L MVRMZNÄHONL JZL_NCMNZL
    As  prne
     prnemnra
    mnrass rmknstras
    rmkn stras `a usa `l  prìt
     prìtnolnol `m lss lssmssmssarn
    arnll `m nepr
    neprmhsl
    mhsl m rm
    rmcl
    clëý
    ëýms
    ms
     pôjcnols ha Jrlsnc rmearmeaht htle
    le la nhåon
    nhåonaa `a sîouc
    sîoucaa xx,  par nhnonltnvl `a Enhnstîrna `l
    Lkrnoucturl, Nh`ôstrnl m Oaeîrona, `urlhtm l kmstïa `a  prmsn`mhtm  Hnca Rmëlhfl (<>2>-
    <><2). Mcm clhëau a smrvnëa nhgareltnva _moëïa `m Rujcnolëýms m Jnjcnatfmol.
    Me <><0, l meprmsl Cnkft (Pfm _ïa Rluca Prlewly Cnkft lh` Rawmr) ornau uel
    rmclëýms  pôjcnols. Havm
    ìrml nhtmrhl `m rmclëýms pôjcnols.  Havm lhas
    lh as `mpans, guh`au a  Jacmtne Cnkft, oahsn`mrl`a
    a prnemnra fausm arklh ha Jrlsnc.
    A lhlrqu
    lhlrqunse
    nseaa ntntlcn
    lcnlha
    lha m msplhf
    msplhfac,
    ac, qum `msmej
    `msmejlro lroauau me _ïa Rluca duhta oae as
     prnemnras
     prnemn ras nenkrlh
    ne nkrlhtms, gm z a oahtrlpahta âs nhnonltnvls meprmslrnlns
    tms, gmz meprmslrnlns oae l `nstrnjunëïa `m
     plhgcmtas hls partls `m gìjrnols m l m`nëïa m`nëï a `m darhlns
    darhl ns apmrì
    apmrìrnas.
    rnas. A glta mstneucau a
    `msmhvacvnemhta `m autrasautras vmåoucas par plrtm nh`ôstrnl, oaea gmz l KE `a Jrlsnc, qum
    plrtm `l nh`ôstrnl,
    clhëau l rmvnstl Kmhmrlc Eatars, me <>:7.
    L EÌO]CL @L_ @NPL@]ZL_
    Oae l Zmvacuëïa `m <>?2 m l ofmkl`l `m Kmtôcna Wlrkls la pa`mr, caka a Jrlsnc
    lssnstnrnl la elnar msgarëa ltî mhtïa rmlcnzl`a plrl uhnr prìt prìtnols
    nols `m rmclëýms pôjcnols m `m
    lssmssarnl
    lssmss arnl `m neprmhsl, oae a ajdmtnva `m mrkumr l nelkme pôjcnol
    nelkme pôjcnol `m ue kavmrhlhtm. L
    "Waz `a Jrlsnc", qum oahfmomeas ltî fadm, par mxmepca, gan ornl`l hmssl aolsnïa, elns
    mspmongnolemhtm me <>?0, plrl rmgarëlr l mstrltîknl pmrsahlcnstl `m pa`mr.
    A kakacp
    cpmm `m Kmtôcna Wlrkls, me <> <>?;
    ?;,, m l nh nhst
    stnt
    ntunë
    unëïa
    ïa `a MsMstl`
    tl`aa Ha
    Hava
    va gnzmrle
    oae qum mssl msslss pr
    prìt
    ìtno
    nols
    ls ga gass
    ssme
    me nh
    nhtm
    tmhs
    hsng
    ngno
    nol`
    l`ls
    ls,, oa
    oanh
    nhon`n
    on`nh`a
    h`a oae l ornl ornlëï
    ëïaa `a
    @mplrtlemhta `m Neprmhsl m Rraplklh`l (@NR ), me qum ls guhëýms `m `nvucklëïa m `m
    omhsurl sm guh`nrle ‐ oae elns ähglsm hl smkuh`l.
    Lqum
    Lq umcl
    cl îpao
    îpaol,
    l, a ououct
    ctaa la ofmg
    fmgm `m cncnst
    stl`
    l`aa smsmku
    kunlnl a eaea`m
    `mca
    ca `a lpl
    lplrl
    rlta
    ta `m
    oaeu
    oaeuhn hnol
    olëï
    ëïaa hl
    hlzn
    znst
    stll or
    ornl
    nl`a`a hl Lcmelh lhffl  pa
     parr DaDasmp
    smpff Kýmýmjm
    jmccs, ha nhtunta `m
    eajncnzlr euctn`ýms.
    Me <>0=, oae a gne `a Mstl`a Hava, a @NR gan mxtnhta. Ltî a kacpm encntlr `m
    <>70, l prìtnol `m rmclëýms pôjcnols smrnl tmel `m mstu`as m mhoahtras, nhocusnvm, hls
     

    uhnv
    uhnvmmrsn`l
    `l``ms
    ms.. Lnh`
    h`ll nh
    nhttmk
    mkrrl`
    l`ll lalass ou
    ours
    rsas
    as `m l` l`en
    enhn
    hnst
    strl
    rlëï
    ëïa,
    a, tarhau-sm eltîrnl
    mspmoågnol me <>7>.
    A pmpmrå
    råa`
    a`aa `l `nt
    ntl`
    l`uurl enc ncnt
    ntllr ha Jr
    Jrllsn
    snc,
    c, me ms
    mspm
    pmon
    onlc
    lc a kakavm
    vmrrha `m Me
    Meåc
    åcna
    na
    Klrrlstlz
    Klrr lstlzuu Em`nm
    Em`nmnn (<>7>-<>0=), oahtau oae ls lëýms `l Lmrp (Lssmssarnl Mspmonlc `m
    Zmclëýms Rôjcnols), ornl`l par `mormta, ofmgnl`l par
    ofmgnl`l par ue oara
    oarahmc
    hmc m oae l guhëïa jìsnol
    `m praplklh`mlr a rmknem lutarntìrna. Rlrl tlhta, gmz usa astmhsnva `m lssmssarms `m
    neprmhsl plrl nepar
    A kavmrha Em`nmnâs rm`lëýms  prmss rmilsms
    gan mejcmeìtnoa hmssmagnonlns.
    tnpa `m prìtnol. L Lmrp klhfau
    klhfau pa`mr
     pa`mr `m
    "sup
    "supmrmren
    enhn
    hnst
    stîr
    îrna
    na",
    ", omomht
    htrl
    rlcn
    cnzl
    zlh`
    h`aa ls lë lëým
    ýmss `m el elhnpu
    hnpucl
    clëïa
    ëïa `l nh nhga
    garel
    relëïa
    ëïa oae
    oaeaa
    mstrltîknl `m pa`mr (cmnl-sm tlejîe omhsurl). Euntas darhl Euntas  darhlcnstls
    cnstls  plsslrle
     plsslr le l aoup
    aouplrlr la
    emsea tmepa olrkas hls rm`lëýms m hls lssmssarnls pôjcnols, oae l tlrmgl `m pujcnolr 
    has rmspmotnvas hatnonìrnas as  prmss rmilsms rmi lsms mcljarl`as pmca kavmrha.
    L lvlclhofm `m tmxtas qum ofmklvle âs rm`lëýms, l krlh`m elnarnl elc rm`nkn`as,
    ofmnas `m l`dmtnvas mcaknasas las kavmrhlhtms m sme oahtmr hatåo hatåonls
    nls `m nhtmrmssm pôjcnoa,
    oaht
    oa htrrnj
    njun
    unuu pl
    plrl
    rl ququmm eu
    eunnta
    tass  darhlcnstls trl rlttls
    lssm
    sme
    e as lssm
    lssmssssar
    arms
    ms `m ne nepr
    prmh
    mhsl
    sl oaoae
    e
     prmoahomnta au nh`ngmrmhël.
    As lssm
    lssmss
    ssar
    arms
    ms gare
    garelvllvlee ue kr krupa
    upa qumqum sm jmhmg
    jmhmgno
    nonl
    nlvl
    vl `as lctas
    lctas sl
    slcìrn
    cìrnas
    as m `m
    ear`aenls, trljlcflh`a plrl `ngnouctlr l ajtmhëïa `m nhgarelëýms `ngmrmhtms `ls qum a
     prÿprna kavmrha
    kavmrh a prmtmh`nl
    prmtmh `nl `nvucklr.
    `nv ucklr.
    Rlrl l pr prag
    agns
    nssï
    sïa,
    a, mssm
    mssm tntnpa
    pa `m pr prìt
    ìtno
    noll oaht
    oahtle
    lenh
    nhau
    au par
    par om omrt
    rtaa pm
    pmrå
    råa`
    a`aa a prÿp
    prÿprn
    rnaa
    lejn
    le jnmh
    mhtm
    tm mepr
    meprms mslr
    lrnl
    nlc,
    c, qum `m `mso
    soah
    ahfm
    fmon
    onll ltltîî mhtï
    mhtïaa autr
    autrasas plrl`nkels. L ga gare
    rell
    oarraepn`l `m sm glzmr lssmssarnl `m neprmhsl tarhau-sm a ôhnoa ea`mca vnkmhtm â îpaol.
    M mc
    mcmm sm pmpmrp
    rpmt
    mtua
    uauu oae
    oae autr
    autrlsls lkäh
    lkähon ls kavmrh
    onls kavmrhlemlemhtl
    htlns
    ns,, orn
    ornl`l
    l`lss lpÿ
    lpÿss l Lmrp m oae
    guhëýms smemcflhtms.
    Lssne hlsomu l `noataenl qum apðs as qum sm ltrnjuåle l enssïa `m "trljlcflr l smrvnëa
    `a cmntar" (darhlcnstls `m rm`lëïa) m as qum qumrn qumrnlele "elhtmr
    "elhtmr as prnvncîknas `m plromcls `l
    saonm`l`m" (darhlcnstls lssmssarms `m neprmhsl) ‐ mejarl hl `ntl`url fauvmssm euntas
    olsas me qum a emsea pragnss pragnssnahlc
    nahlc sm prmstlvl âs `uls guhëýms.

    _]ZKM Ln`mh
    LJMZDM
    Î mvn`
    mv mhtm
    tm qum
    qum l gu
    guh`
    h`lë
    lëïa
    ïa `l Ljmr
    Ljmrdm
    dm (Ls
    (Lssaon
    saonlë
    lëïa
    ïa Jrls
    Jrlsnc
    ncmn
    mnrl
    rl `m Oaeu
    Oaeuhn
    hnol
    olëï
    ëïaa
    Meprmslrnlc)
    Meprmslr nlc),, me <>7;, oahtrnjunu
    oahtrnjunu `m elhmnrl
    elhmnrl `monsnvl
    `monsnvl plrl l pragnspragnssn
    snahl
    ahlcnz
    cnzlëï
    lëïaa `l
    oaeuhn
    oae uhnolë
    olëïaïa ha plås.
    plås. L mhtn`l
    mhtn`l`m,
    `m, guh`l`
    guh`l`ll par Hnca Hnca Cuof
    Cuofmt mttn
    tn,, â îp
    îpao
    aoll m`nt
    m`ntar
    ar `l rm rmvn
    vnst
    stll
     Hatåonls
     Hatå onls Rn
    Rnrmcc n, surknu oae a haem `m Ljmrd (Lssaonlëïa Jrlsncmnrl `m Darhlns m Zmvnstls
    rmccn,
    Meprmslrnlns). L plrtnr `m eml`as `l `îol`l `m <>62, sul ltulëïa vactau-sm plrl l hmoms-
    sn
    sn`l
    `l`m
    `m `m oahsoahsacacn`
    n`lr
    lr l ìrìrml
    ml m prprag
    agns
    nssn
    snah
    ahlc
    lcnz
    nzlr
    lr a smsmta
    tar,
    r, oae
    oae ga gaoa
    oa me oaeuhoaeuhno nolë
    lëïa
    ïa
    meprmslrnlc, `m elhmnrl elns lepcl. Me <>6>, lctmrau smus mstltutas m plssau l l`atlr l
    havl `mhaenhlëïa.
     Has ôctneas
    ôct neas lhas,
    lha s, saj a oaelh`
    oae lh`aa mxmout
    mxm outnva
    nva `m Rluca
    Rlu ca Hlss
    Hlsslr, lr, l Ljmrdm
    Ljmr dm neprnenu
    nepr nenu
    `m vmz
    vmz l prag
    pragns
    nssn
    snah
    ahlc
    lcnz
    nzlë
    lëïa
    ïa `a smta
    smtar.
    r. Rlss
    Rlssau au tlejîe,
    tlejîe, par emna emna `m sul rmvnst rmvnstl,l, l
     praea
     pra eavmvmrr `mjl
    `m jltm
    tmss sajr
    sa jrmm a mstu`
    mst u`aa `m rmclëýms
    rmcl ëýms pôjcnols
    pôjc nols ha Jrlsnc
    Jrlsn c m ha mxtm
    mxtmrnar.
    rnar. As
     prîenas
     prîe nas oahom`n`
    oaho m`n`as as lhulc
    l hulcemht
    emhtmm pmcl
    p mcl Ljmrdm
    Ljmr dm plrl
    p lrl lëýms
    lëým s `m oaeuhnol
    oaeu hnolëïa ëïa,, me oltmkar
    oltm karnls
    nls
    `nvmrsls, tarhlrle-sm rmgmrähonl plrl lkähonls m pragnssnahlns `a rlea.
    Elns rmomhtmemht
    rmomhtmemhtm, m, me :22:, gan ornl`l ornl`l l Ljrloae
    Ljrloae (Lssaon
    (Lssaonlëïalëïa Jrlsn
    Jrlsncmn
    cmnrl
    rl `ls
    Lkähon
    Lkä honls
    ls `m Oaeuhn
    Oaeuhnolë olëïa)
    ïa),, qum sm pr prapý
    apýmm l arklhn
    arklhnzlr
    zlr m `mgmh`mr
    `mgmh`mr as nhtmrms
    nhtmrmssmssms `ls
     

    meprmsls `a smkemhta.
    A @M_RMZPLZ @L_ MERZM_L_
    @a cl`
    cl`aa `l nhnonl
    nhnonltnv
    tnvll prnvl`
    prnvl`l,
    l, l Wacisw
    Waciswlkm
    lkmhh gan pnahmnrl
    pnahmnrl ha Jrlsn
    Jrlsncc la oahvn`lr 
     darhlcnst
     darh lcnstls
    ls plrl
     plrl eahtlr m oaar`mhlr a smu @mplrtlemhta `m Neprmhsl. Nssa gan me <>7< m
    hlsson
    hl onll lc
    lcnn l lssm
    lssmss
    ssar
    arnl
    nl ]hnp
    ]hnprm
    rmss
    ss,, qum
    qum oaem
    oaemëa
    ëauu pr
    prnar
    narnzl
    nzlh`a
    h`a nhgar
    nhgarelë
    elëýms
    ýms moa
    moahÿe
    hÿeno
    nols
    ls m
     prmstlëïa `m smrvnëas (`l`as sajrm mstrl`ls, `nols `m trêhsnta mto), oaea mstrltîknl plrl
    glencnlrnzlr as cmntarms oae a tmel m lssne kmrlr `melh`l par mssm tnpa `m nhgarelëïa.
    L mstrltîknl `mu omrta. Rrnemnra parqum l nh`ôstrnl lutaeajncåstnol caka `lrnl
    slctas pra`utnvas
    pra`utnvas huhol vnstas ltî mhtïa. M smkuh`a smkuh`a parqu
     parqumm hïa flvnl autrl lctmrhltnvl
    smhïa mxpcarlr tmels oaea mssms, dì qum l omhsurl ltnhknl me ofmna a hatnonìrna.
    Rauoa tmepa `mpans surknu autrl lssmssarnl, l Emoêhnol `m Oaeuhnolëïa, tlejîe
    cnkl`l â nh`ôstrnl lutaeajncåstnol.
    Ls meprmsls mstlvle `mspmrtlh`a plrl a glta `m qum glclr m sm glzmr auvnr, "sm
    hatnonlr", mrle elhmnrls `m elrolr prmsmhël hl saonm`l`m, `m ltrlnr plrl sn l ltmhëïa `l
    apnhn
    apn hnïa
    ïa pôj
    pôjcncnol
    ol.. Ra
    Rarr ms
    mssl
    sl rl
    rlzïa
    zïa a smtsmtar
    ar prn
    prnvl`a
    vl`a pls
    plssau
    sau l oah
    oahtrl
    trltlr
    tlr lss
    lssmss
    mssarn
    arnls
    ls `m
    neprmhsl.
    La cahka `l `îol`l `m <>62, l vmcfl prìtnol `m `mspmdlr  prmss rmilsms sajrm ls
    rm`lëýms
    mskatl`a.vactau
    Mejarl â tahl, plrtnh`ame
    l vlhkulr`l `mstl vmz `ls
    tmreas meprmsls prnvl`ls,
    `m lssmssarnl `mhtra
    gassm pmhslr `m ue
    m lknr elnsea`mca
    oaea
     darhlcn
     darh lcnstl
    stl `a qum oaea rmclëým
    rmclëýmss pôjcnols,
    pô jcnols, `mhtra `ls lssmssarnl
    lssmssarnlss lnh`l
    l nh`l mrl eunta gartm a
    ea`m
    ea `mca
    ca prprm`
    m`ae
    aenhnhlh
    lhtm
    tm `l
    `lss rm
    rmcl
    clëýëýms
    ms pôpôjc
    jcno
    nols
    ls ‐ va vactctl`
    l`aa pl
    plrl
    rl l l`l`enhn
    enhnststrl
    rlëï
    ëïaa `m
    rmclonahlemhtas
    rmclonahlemht as m hïa
    hïa plrl
     plrl l nhgare
    nh garelëïa
    lëïa darh
    darhlcås
    lcåstnol
    tnol..
    Mssl sntulëïa
    sntulëïa eatnv
    eatnvauau l Gmhld (Gm`mrlëïa
    (Gm`mrlëïa Hlonahlc `as `as darhlcnst
     darhlcnstls)
    ls) l pujcnolr, me
    <>67, a Elhu
     Elhulclc `m Ls
    Lssmssar
    smssarnl
    nl `m Ne prmhsl.. Gan uel krlh`m oahqunstl plrl l îpaol parqum
    Neprmhsl
    snstmeltnzau ls ltrnjunëýms `a lssmssar `m neprmhsl m mstljmcmomu l qulcng qulcngnol
    nolëïa
    ëïa m as
     praom`nemhtas
     praom`n emhtas hmomssìrnas plrl a mxmroåona `l pragnssïa.

    A NER]C_A @L RZNWLPNTLËÏA

    <>6>,Lelrolrle
    rm`meaorltnzlëïa
    a nhåona `m`aue
    Jrlsnc
    havam olpåtuca
    ls mcmnëýms `nrmtls plrl
    hl fnstÿrnl prmsn`mhtm `m
    `ls lssmssarnls `l neprmhsl.
    Zmpôjcnol, me
    Ltî <>>2, l oflel`l rmsmrvl `m emrol`a nepm`nl qum oahoarrmhtms nhtmrhlonahlns
    `nsputlssme msplëa m ocnmhtms oae l nh`ôstrnl hlonahlc, dì qum ls nepartlëýms mrle
    nhvnljncnzl`ls par mxomssa `m tlxls. L ljmrturl `m grahtmnrls oaemronlns, hl prnemnrl
    emtl`m `l `îol`l, pravaoau luemhta hl `melh`l pmcas smrvnëas `m rmclëýms pôjcnols,
    tlhta `ls meprmsls euctnhlonahlns, qum plsslrle l ltulr au qum nhtmhsngnolrle sul ltulëïa
    ha Jrlsnc, oaea par plrtm `ls meprmsls jrlsncmnrls, âs vactls oae l hmomssn`l`m `m
    rml`lptlr ls ìrmls `m oaeuhnolëïa. Pa`as qumrnle lssmkurlr a prÿprna msplëa ha omhìrna
     pacåtnoa, saonlc m moahðenoa.
    Me <>>7
    <>>7 `mu-
    `mu-sm
    sm a smkuh
    mkuh`a
    `a on
    onoc
    ocaa `m mxpl
    mxplhs
    hsïa
    ïa ha ememro
    rol`
    l`aa `m oaeuh
    oaeuhno
    nolë
    lëïa
    ïa
    oarparltnvl, `mhtra `m uel emsel `îol`l, aolsnahl`a pmcls prnvltnzlëýms. Plns hmkÿonas
    eavnemhtlrle ta`a a plås la rmprmsmhtlr ue praguh`a praomssa `m eu`lhël hl garel `m
     pra`uëïa, ha rmclonahlemhta `ls meprmsls oae as guhonahìrnas m oae a pôjcnoa mxtmrha
     ‐ `nrnkn`a pmcl ìrml nhstntuonahlc m pmcas ÿrkïas `m rmprmsmhtlëïa `l saonm`l`m onvnc
    arklhnzl`l.
     

    La eu`lrme `m oahtracm lonahìrna (`a kavmrha plrl l nhnonltnvl prnvl`l), ls mx-


    mstltlns plsslrle l smr `upclemhtm oajrl`ls m gnsolcnzl`ls pmcl saonm`l`m. Lgnhlc `m
    oahtls, jmhs hlonahlns au mstl`ulns plsslvle plrl ls eïas `m meprmsls plrtnouclrms
    (euntls mstrlhkmnrls) qum, pmcl prÿprnl hlturmzl `a hmkÿona, `mvmrnle prmstlr smrvnëas
     pôjcnoas.
    L mxpmotltnvl `l papuclëïa `m qum as prajcmels `m qulcn`l`m m `m agmrtl `as
    smrvnëas smrnle me
    `l Pmcmgðhnol, sacuonahl`as
    _ïa Rluca,grustrau-sm me ourta
    oudas ltrlsas prlza. A`molsa
    hls mhtrmkls elnspravaolrle
    cnhfls mejcmeìtnoakrlh`m
    gan a
    nh`nkhlëïa ha mstl`a m ha kavmrha gm`mrlc, ajrnklh`a l apmrl`arl l l`atlr sacuëýms `m
    memrkähonl m l rmvmr ta`l l mstrltîknl `m oaeuhnolëïa oae a oahsuen`ar m oae as
    garel`arms `m apnhnïa. _aemhtm lssne l meprmsl oahsmkunu oah`nëýms plrl oahocunr ls
    ajrls `m memrkähonl, rmlcnzl`ls me <>>> m me :222.
    Lcîe `l nhtmhsngnolëïa `m pacåtnols `m rmclonahlemhtas m `l eu`lhël `m oucturl hl
    kmst
    km stïa
    ïa `a jmejme pôjc
    pôjcno
    noa,
    a, ls pr
    prnv
    nvlt
    ltnz
    nzlë
    lëým
    ýmss lomc
    lomcmr
    mrlr
    lrle
    le ls trao
    traols
    ls `m nhga
    nhgare
    relë
    lëým
    ýmss m
     praparonahlrle ue slcta tmohacÿknoa m uel oahoarrähonl sme prmom`mhtms me smtarms
    nepartlhtms `l moahaenl, oahtrnjunh`a plrl eavnemhtlr lnh`l elns a emrol`a pujcnon-
    tìrna m `m rmclëýms pôjcnols.

    L WMT @A OAH_]EN@AZ
    L pujcnolëïa
    pujcnolëïa `l Cmn Cmn `m @mgmsl
    @mgmsl `a Oahsuen`a
    Oahsuen`ar, r, me <>6>,
    <>6>, snejacnza
    snejacnzauu l oahqunst
    oahq unstll `l
    `meaorlonl
    `meaorl onl mgmtnvl par uel lepcl klel `m smtarm smtarmss `l saonm
    saonm`l`
    `l`mm jrls
    jrlsncm
    ncmnrl
    nrl,, qum plss
    plssauau
    l oaht
    oahtlr
    lr oae olhlolhlns
    ns `m rmrmnvn
    nvnh`n
    h`nol
    olëïa
    ëïa m `m oahtr
    oahtracm
    acm elns
    elns msmstr
    trutu
    uturl
    rl`as
    `as me rm rmclë
    clëïa
    ïa â
    ltulëïa `l nhnonltnvl prnvl`l.
    A oahsue
    oahsuen`a n`arr `mnxau
    `mnxau `m cl`a
    cl`a l pastur
    pasturll `m rmocle
    rmoclelrlr m plssau
    plssau l praour
    praourlrlr elns
    elns l
    nepr
    ne prmh
    mhsl
    sl,, as ÿrkï
    ÿrkïasas `m `mgm
    `mgmsl
    sl m a Ra`mr
    Ra`mr Du`n
    Du`non
    onìr
    ìrna
    na pl
    plrl
    rl elhn
    elhngmgmst
    stlr
    lr nh`n
    nh`nkh
    khlë
    lëïa
    ïa m
    sacnontlr pravn`ähonls.
    Mrll hmom
    Mr hmomsssìrn
    sìrnaa `lr
    `lr â saon
    saonm`
    m`l`
    l`mm ls sltn
    sltnsg
    sglë
    lëým
    ýmss mxnk
    mxnkn`
    n`lsls m, lnh`
    lnh`l,
    l, lue
    luemhmhtl
    tlrr l
    vnsnjncn`l`m pasntnvl `as lkmhtms moahÿenoas par nhtmreî`na `m pradmtas `m
    rms
    mspa
    pahs
    hslj
    ljnc
    ncnn`l`
    `l`m saon
    aonlc
    lc,, a qum
    qum gmgmzz oae
    oae qum sm lepc lepcnnls
    lsssme as nhvmnhvmsstnemh
    nemhtatass me

     pltraoå
     pltraoåhnas
    L hnas `nvmrsas,
    `nvm rsas, rmclëýms
    oaeuhnolëïa rmcl ëýms pôjcnols
    pô jcnols
    sm gartlcmomu m smmtarhau
    ls-smssarnl
    ls-smssar nl `m neprmhsl.
    neprmhsl
    mstrltîknol `mhtra. `ls arklhnzlëýms. La
    hïa smr elns
    elns tacmrl`
    tacmrl`ll pmcl neprmhsl
    neprmhsl m pmcl
    pmcl apnhnïa
    apnhnïa pôj
    pôjcncnol,
    ol, l gr
    grls
    lsmm "hïa
    "hïa tmhfa
    tmhfa hl`l l
    `moc
    `moclr
    lrlr
    lr"" pls
    plssau
    sau l nhgc nhgcun
    unrr hm
    hmkl
    kltn
    tnvl
    vlem
    emht
    htmm has
    has hmkÿ
    hmkÿon
    onas
    as `l oa oarp
    rpar
    arlë
    lëïa
    ïa.. Pa
    Parhrhau
    au--sm
    hmom
    hmomsssìrna
    ìrna nhtmh
    htmhssngn
    gnol
    olrr a gcgcux
    uxaa `m nhga
    nhgare
    relë
    lëým
    ýmss mhtr
    mhtrmm as emna
    emnass `m oaeu
    oaeuhnhnol
    olëï
    ëïaa m l
    saonm`l`m, gloncntlh`a a lomssa `as darhlcnstls las ocnmhtms m luxncnlh`a as emseas l tmr 
    ue olhlc `m oaeuhnolëïa ljmrta oae l neprmhsl.
    L plrtnr `a eaemhta me qum as lssmssarms lssmssarms sm eastrlrle ol`l vmz elns "lgnhl "lgnhl`as
    `as""
    oae a oahomnta
    oahomnta `m hatåonl m oae l ormsomhtm enkrlëïa
    enkrlëïa `as darhlcnstls `l krlh`m neprmhsl
     plrl ls lkähonls
    lkähon ls `m oaeuhnolëï
    oaeuhno lëïa, a, a rmclonahle
    rmclo nahlemhta
    mhta `m oahg
    oahgcnta
    cnta m prmoahomnt
    prmoa homntaa mhtrm
    lejas, mejarl pmrsnstl ltî fadm, gan jlstlhtm lemhnzl`a.
    Ltî l `îol`l `m <>>2, krlh`m plrtm `as lssmssarms `m neprmhsl mrl garel`l par 
    rrmclonahlemhtas
    mclëýms pôjcnol`a
    s, qum
    oae`m nhgarelëýms.
    uel oucturl Oae vactmssm
    l`l pmrgnc,
    elns loljlvle
    plrl l par
    l`ehïa
    nhnstsm
    rlëltmr
    ïa la`m
    oahom
    oa homnt
    ntaa `m hatå
    hatåon
    onll hl farl
    farl `m nh
    nhttmr
    mre
    em`nl
    m`nlrr a "`nìc
    `nìcak
    aka"
    a" oae
    oae smus
    mus ls
    lsssms
    msssar
    arl`
    l`as
    as,,
    oahtrnjunh`a lssne plrl lqunca qum as darhlcnstls oflelvle `m "`msprmplra" plrl cn`lr 
     

    oae l neprmhsl.
    MHPZM HAEM_ M MKA_
    Mxnstm uel pacîenol sajrm as cnentms `l ltulëïa `a lssmssar `m neprmhsl m a `m
     pragnssnahlns `l ìrml `m rmclëýms pôjcnols, sael`l l omrtl lhneasn`
    lhne asn`l`m
    l`m mhtrm
    mhtr m as ÿrkïas
    ÿrkï as
    `m oclssm qum rmprmsmhtle uel au autrl pragnssïa. Ol`l ue `mgmh`m qum l ltnvn`l`m î

    smu tmrrntÿrna
    vaoärmsmrvl`a.
    _m vaoä `mnx
    `mnxlr
    lr `m cl
    cl`a
    `a ls qums
    qumstý
    týms
    ms oarp
    oarpar
    arlt
    ltnv
    nvls
    ls,, `m nhtm
    nhtmrm
    rmss
    ssmm `m krupas
    mspmoågnoas, vmrì qum lejls ls prìtnols sïa oaepcmemhtlrms m nh`nspmhsìvmns. Fadm hïa sm
    oaho
    oahomj
    mjmm l mxns
    mxnstä
    täho
    honl
    nl `m ue jae lslssm
    smss
    ssar
    ar `m neprmhsl
    neprmhsl qum passl
    passl prmsonh`
    prmsonh`nr
    nr `m uel
    lepcll klel `m nhstruemhtas
    lepc nhstruemhtas `l ìrml `m oaeuhnolëïa,
    oaeuhnolëïa, ta`as ljrnkl`as saj a oahomnta
    `a qum sm pa`mrnl oflelr rmclëýms pôjcnols.
    Ls prìtnols `m rmclëýms pôjcnols mstljmcmome olhlns `nrmtas `m oaeuhnolëïa oae
    ta`as as smtarms `l saonm`l`m. Rrmssupýme a mstljmcmonemhta `m olhlns nh`nrmtas, par 
    nhtmreî`na `l neprmhsl, oae mssms emseas smtarms m oae l apnhnïa pôjcnol `m uel
    elhmnrl kmrlc.
    Pa`ls ls vmzms me qum uel rmpartlkme î vmnoucl`l
    vmnoucl`l hl eå`nl, l nhgare
    nhgarelëï
    lëïaa ltnhkm
    ltnhkm
    as emseas pôjcnoas-lcva `ls rmclëýms pôjcnols, `m uel garel elns kmhmrlcnzl`l m oae
    aoahtrav
    rmsplc`a
    oahtravîrsnls `l rmgmrmhtms
    îrsnls orm`njncn`l`m
    rmgmrmh tms l mssmqumtmel,
    a trltlemhta darhlcåstnoa
    els sau plrtn`ìrnl
    plrtn`ìr nl `loahgmrm
    n`mnl `ml qum
    mcl. l`enhnstrlr
    Zmoahfmëar as
    l`enhnstrl ls
     praom`nemh
     praom `nemhtas tas rmcltnvas
    rmcltn vas â neprmhsl
    neprmh sl oarrmspah`
    oarrm spah`mm â ltulëïa
    ltulë ïa mspmoå gnol `a darhlcnstl hl
    guhëïa `m lssmssar.
    Ltî eml`as `l `îol`l `m <>62, uel nhtmrprmtlëïa lnh`l nhonpnmhtm `a oahomnta `m
    rmclëýms pôjcnols ha Jrlsnc cnentau l guhëïa, n`mhtngnolh`a-l elns oae l ìrml `m mvmhtas m
    rmclon
    rmclonahle
    ahlemht mhtas
    as mstlhqu
    mstlhqums, ms, `msvnh
    `msvnhouc
    oucl`l
    l`l `l nepartêhonl
    nepartêhonl mstrltîknol
    mstrltîknol plrl a hmkÿona `ls
    arklhnzlëýms. Zajmrta Rarta _neýms, _neýms, nepartlhtm
    nepartlhtm mstu`nasa jrlsncmnra
    jrlsncmnra `mssm olepa, orntnol
    orntnol a
    mrra oaemtn`a prnhonplcemhtm pmcls glouc`l`ms `m oaeuhnolëïa la vnhouclr l ltnvn`l`m `m
    rmclëýms pôjcnols oae l pra`uëïa `m emnas `m oaeuhnolëïa `nrnkn`as (`m olrtýms l darhlns
    nhtmrhas hls arklhnzlëýms).
    Mssl
    Ms sl î ueluel vn vnsï
    sïaa qum
    qum pa`m
    pa`m prprmv
    mvlc
    lcmo
    momr
    mr ln
    lnh`
    h`ll ha uhnv
    uhnvmr
    mrsa
    sa `m eunt
    euntlsls nhst
    nhstnt
    ntun
    unëý
    ëýms
    ms
     pôjcnols
     pôjcn ols m prnvl`ls
    prnvl`ls ha Jrlsnc.Jrlsnc. Els nhsnstnr
    nhsnstnr hnssa
    hnssa snkhngno
    snkhngnoll nkharlr l guhëïa pacåtnol `ls
    rmcl
    rmclëý
    ëýmsms pôjc
    pôjcno nols
    ls.. Î pmr`
    pmr`mr
    mr a jah`
    jah`mm `l fnstfnstÿr
    ÿrnl
    nl m hïa rmo rmoahf
    ahfmom
    momrr oaea
    oaea a pmsa pmsa `as
    rmclonahlemhtas jme oahstruå`as pa`m vlcarnzlr l arklhnzlëïa. A agåona `ls rmclëýms
     pôjcnols
     pôjc nols ljrlhkm
    ljrl hkm jusolr l oaeprmmhsïa eôtul mhtrm l nhstntunëïa m smus pôjcnoas,
    oahonc
    oah oncnlr
    nlr nh
    nhtm
    tmrm
    rmssssms
    ms,, ms
    mstl
    tljm
    jmcm
    cmomr
    omr l nhtm
    nhtmkr
    krlë
    lëïa
    ïa m a `nìc`nìcak
    aka.
    a. @mht
    @mhtrara `mss
    `mssmm ms
    msoap
    oapa,a, ms
    mstï
    tïaa
    mejut
    me jutn`l
    n`lss ls ltnvn
    ltnvn`l`
    `l`msms `m ls lssm
    smss
    ssar
    arnl
    nl `m nepr
    neprmhs
    mhsl,
    l, qum
    qum sm `nrn
    `nrnkm
    kme e ms
    mspmon
    pmongno
    gnolemh
    lemhtm tm â
    nhtmrcaouëïa
    nhtmrc aouëïa oae l eå`nl hatnonasl, em`nl`arl, par sul vmz, vmz, `a rmclon
    rmclonahl
    ahlemh
    emhta ta mhtrm
    mhtrm l
    arklhnzlëï
    arklh nzlëïaa m smus pôjcnoas elns lepcas. Mssl vnsïa vnsïa ljrlhk
    ljrlhkmhtm
    mhtm prmvlcmom
    prmvlcmom has Mstl`as
    ]hn`as m me plåsms murapmus. Ha Jrlsnc, ls oansls dì mvacuårle, mspmonlcemhtm parqum
    euntls
    eun tls euct
    euctnh nhlo
    lonah
    nahlnlnss nhst
    nhstlc
    lcl`l
    l`lss par lqun
    lqun rmgmr
    rmgmrme
    me-s-smm â ìr
    ìrml
    ml `m oaeoaeuhn
    uhnolë
    olëïaïa `m sulssuls
    meprms
    mep rmsls
    ls oae
    oaeaa "Zmcl
    "Zmclëýmëýmss Rôjcn
    Rôjcnols
    ols"" ‐ hïa sÿ plrl plrl `nzmr
    `nzmr qum ms mssm
    sm sm
    smta
    tarr `msm
    `msmhvhvac
    acvm
    vm
     prìtnols
    oahtrlparnhtmrcnkl`ls,
    nhtmrcnkl`ls, trl`nonahlc
    la oahomnta mssmhonlns
    mssmhonlns jrlsncmnra.
    plrl a hmkÿona prnhonplc `l meprmsl, oaea plrl sm

    ]EL OAH_PLHPM ZMGAZE]CLËÏA


     

    Lcîe `l eu`lhël qum oaemël l sm praomsslr ha nhtmrnar `ls arklhnzlëýms prnvl`ls,


    ls lkähonls `m rmclëýms pôjcnols sm ea`mrhnzlrle plrl ltmh`mr â `melh`l hl `îol`l `m
    <>>2. Mxtrlpaclrme ltnvn`l`ms nsacl`ls `m lssmssarnl `m neprmhsl, `m arklhnzlëïa `m
    mvmhtass au `m pra`utas m`ntarnlns.
    mvmhta m`ntarnl ns.
    Î nht
    nhtmr
    mrmss
    msslht
    lhtmm ajsmrv
    ajsmrvlr
    lr oaea
    oaea l prìtno
    prìtnoll smkunu
    smkunu a ole
    olenhf
    nhfaa `l tmarnl
    tmarnl.. Mspmon
    Mspmonlcn
    lcnst
    stls
    ls
    me ms
    mstu
    tu`a
    `ass arkl
    arklhn
    hnzl
    zlon
    onah
    ahln
    lnss väe
    väe fì eunt
    euntaa `mgm
    `mgmh`
    h`mh
    mh`a
    `a a oaho
    oahomn
    mnta
    ta `m oae
    oaeuhno
    uhnolë
    lëïa
    ïa
    nh
    nhtm
    tmkr
    (elr
    (e krl`
    lrim l`l.
    imtn l.
    hk Hmst
    tnhk Hm
    m stm
    prmaplk
    prap mstl
    ms tlrn
    lklhrnle
    le par
    lh`l,
    `l, rm
    rmuh
    pa ruhn`
    n`ls
    ls pca)
    mxme
    mx mepcta`l
    taa),
    `ls
    , s`llsoaeu
    oaìr
    ìrml
    mls
    euhns olëï
    hnol`lëïaaoaeu
    oanhtm
    euhn
    nh hnol
    tmrh olëï
    rhll ëïa
    m a`lemro
    em
    oarol`
    oaeu l`ac
    euhnacÿk
    ÿkno
    hnol
    olëïnolal
    ëïa
    nhstntuon
    nhstntuonahlc.
    ahlc. Î hmstl ôctnel qum mhtrle ls ltnvn`l`ms mspmoågnols `m rmclëýms pôjcnols, `m
    ls
    lssm
    smss
    ssar
    arnl
    nl `m neprneprmhmhsl
    sl,, `m m`nt
    m`ntararlë
    lëïa
    ïa,, `m rm rmsp
    spah
    ahsl
    sljn
    jncn
    cn`l
    `l`m
    `m saon
    saonlclc m `m praeaëïa
    praeaëïa
    oucturlc.
    Î oclra qum mssm onoca hïa sm oaepcmtau ha Jrlsnc. Rar lqun, mstleas glclh`a lnh`l `m
    uel nhtmrcnklëïa mhtrm rmclëýms pôjcnols m lssmssarnl `m neprmhsl. Els nssa aoarrm me jal
     plrtm parqum lnh`l mxnstm uel krlh`m oahgusïa qulhta las tmreas meprmkl`as plrl as
    rl
    rlea
    eass `l oaeu oaeuhn hnol
    olëï
    ëïa.
    a. Rlrl
    Rlrl lclcku
    kuhs
    hs,, a oahd
    oahduhuhtata `ls
    `ls träs
    träs ìr ìrml
    mlss (o
    (oae
    aeuh
    uhno
    nolë
    lëïa
    ïa nhtm
    nhtmrh
    rhl,
    l,
    nh
    nhst
    stnt
    ntuon
    uonah
    ahlclc m emrol`ac
    emrol`acÿknoÿknol)
    l) `ì arnkme
    arnkme la oahomnta
    oahomnta `m oaeuhnol
    oaeuhnolëïa ëïa arklhnzl
    arklhnzlonah
    onahlc.
    lc.
    Rlrl autras, l duhëïa `m tu`a `mhaenhl-sm rmclëýms pôjcnols.
    L elna
    elnarn rnll `ls
    `ls havl
    havlss m kr krlh
    lh`m
    `mss lkäh
    lkähon onls
    ls `m oaeu
    oaeuhn hnol
    olëï
    ëïaa qum
    qum ltul
    ltulee oaea
    oaea
    lssmssarnl `m neprmhsl lnh`l hïa nhoarparau, l ue msoapa nhtmkrl`a `m trljlcfa oaea
    l tmarnl prapým, l plrtm emrol`acÿknol `mssl `mssl fnstÿ
    fnstÿrn
    rnl.
    l. Els nssanssa tlcvm
    tlcvmzz lo
    loaht
    ahtmël
    mël hue
    hue
    gutura hïa eunta `nstlhtm.
    Ls passnjncn`l`ms `m nssa sm tarhlr rmlc ha Jrlsnc sïa mvn`mhtms parqum euntls `ls
    ltulns
    ltul ns lkähonls
    lkähonls täe sm lssaonl`
    lssaonl`aa l meprmsls
    meprmsls euctnhlonahlns,
    euctnhlonahlns, qum trlhsntle me ta`ls ls
    ìrmls, la emsea tmepa.
    Dì ga
    garl
    rlee gn gnre
    rel`
    l`as
    as loloar
    ar`a
    `ass apmr
    apmrlo
    lona
    nahl
    hlns
    ns,, par
    par mxme
    mxmepc pca,
    a, mhtr
    mhtrmm l jr jrlsnc
    lsncmn
    mnrl
    rl O@H
    (Oaeplh
    (Oa eplhfnlfnl `l Hatåonl
    Hatåonl)) m l Gcmnsf
    Gcmnsfelhelh-Fn
    -Fnccl
    cclr`,
    r`, m mhtrm
    mhtrm hassl
    hassl oahtmr
    oahtmrrêh
    rêhml
    ml Nh Rrmss m l
    hart
    ha rtm-
    m-le
    lemrmrno
    nolh
    lhll Rart
    Rartmr
    mr Havm
    Havmccccn.
    n. Plht
    Plhtaa l Gcmnsfelh
    Gcmnsfelh-Fnc-Fncclr`
    clr` oaea l Rartmr Rartmr Havmccn
    Havmccn
     pmrtmhome
     pmrtm home la emsea krupa, kru pa, a hartm-le
    hart m-lemrno
    mrnolha
    lha Aehnoae,
    Aehn oae, qum tme lnh`l lnh `l me hassa
     plås ue tmromnra jrlëa `m rmclëýms pôjcnols4 l Imtofue, qum gnreau plromnrl oae l

    lkähonl Mstrltîknl.
    Lpmhls
    Lpm hls plrl
    plrl qum vnscue
    vnscuejrm
    jrmeas
    eas oaea
    oaea ta`ls
    ta`ls mssls
    mssls lssaon
    lssaonlëý
    lëýms
    ms `mvmrïa
    `mvmrïa rmsuct
    rmsuctlr 
    lr 
    huel
    hu el ltltnv
    nvn`
    n`l`
    l`mm `m oaeu
    oaeuhn
    hnol
    olëï
    ëïaa eunt
    euntaa elns
    elns oaep
    oaepcmcmxl,
    xl, sl
    slnj
    njle
    le qum
    qum a ememse
    seaa krup
    krupaa
    Aehnoa
    Aeh noae
    e tme lnh`l nepartl
    nepartlhtm
    htmss plromnras
    plromnras ha emrol`a pujcnontìrna jrlsncmnra, oaea ls
    lkähonls `m praplklh`l @E>&@@J
    @E>&@@J m Lcelp Lcelp JJ@A. L_ lkähonls oahoarrme mhtrm sn, lpm-
    slr `m pmrtmhomrme la emsea oahkcaemrl`a `m oaeuhnolëïa. Nssa î jlstlhtm oaeue has
    Mstl
    Ms tl`a
    `ass ]hn`
    ]hn`as
    as.. Ha Jrlsn
    Jrlsnc,
    c, mssls
    mssls plromn
    plromnrl
    rlss plssle
    plssle ha eaemhta par ue praomssa `m
    lcnhflemhta euh`nlc.
    Me jusol `m mspmonlcnzlëïa hl ìrml `m lssmssarnl `m neprmhsl, ls lkähonls jrlsncmnrls
    `m oaeuhnolëïa, plrtnouclremhtm has ôctneas `mz lhas, plsslrle l nhoarparlr darhlcnstls
    rmoî
    rmoîe-
    e-sl
    slå`
    å`as
    as `ls
    `ls rm`l
    rm`lëý
    ëýms
    ms,, qum
    qum pmhs
    pmhsle
    le ha cm cmnt
    ntar
    ar oaea
    oaea pôjcn
    pôjcnoa
    oa-l
    -lcv
    cvaa m täe
    täe l hatå
    hatåon
    onll
    oaea eltîrnl-prnel. Rlrlcmclemhtm, lssnenclrle oahfmonemhtas m pragnssnahlns `m autrls
    ìrmls, trlhsgarelh`a-sm me krlh`ms lkähonls `m oaeuhnolëïa. M mstm î a tmrea qum tme
    sn`a usl`a lqun oaea snhÿhnea plrl ls lkähonls `m rmclëýms pôjcnols mstruturl`ls has
    ea`mcas hartm-lemrnolha m murapmu4 snepcmsemhtm "lkähonls `m oaeuhnolëïa".
     

    OLRNP]CA NW 

    Lgnhlc, a qum a emrol`a pragnssnahlc qumr `m vaoä1

    Dì qu
    qumm mstl
    mstlea
    eass ha emna `m uel kumrrl
    kumrrl `m haemhoc
    haemhocltu
    lturl
    rl (oaea ljar`leas ha

    olp
    olpåtu
    åtuca
    ca lhtmrn
    oaeuhnolëïalhtmrnar)
    ar),, vleas
    vleas pmca
    pmcaMcms
    arklhnzlonahlc. emhas
    emhhïa
    as oah
    oahfmo
    sïafmomrmr as
    gmntas oah
    oahomnt
    lpmhls omntas
    `mas`nsoÿr`nls
    qumm gl
    qu gltn
    tnlr
    lrle
    le ldarhlcnstls
    mhtrm  prìtnol s`lm
    darhlcnstl
    rmclëýms pôjcnols.
    rmclëýms  pôjcnols. _ï_ïaa snhtaeìt
    snhtaeìtnoa
    noass `m oaea
    oaea l rmarkl
    rmarklhnz
    hnzlëïa
    lëïa `a smtar
    smtar mstì
    mstì tarhlh`a
    elns oaepcm
    oaepcmxl xl l ltnvn`
    ltnvn`l`m
    l`m `a lssmss
    lssmssar.
    ar.  Hmcl, hïa fì msplëa plrl nepravnslëïa. Ie
     prnemnra cuklr, parqum tlc agåona hïa  pa`m el elnsns smr
    smr mxmxmr
    mron
    on`a
    `a `m elhmnrl nsacl`l `a
    oahd
    oahduh
    uhta
    ta `m prprìt
    ìtno
    nols
    ls `m rmrmcl
    clon
    onah
    ahle
    lemh
    mhta
    ta oae as vìrnas pôjcnoas `l arklhnzlëïa. Me
    smkuh`a,
    smkuh `a, parqum
    parqum lnh`l
    lnh`l qum
    qum l lssmssarnl `m neprmhsl smdl sm dl mxmron`l
    mxmro n`l par ue darhlcnstl,
    darhlcnstl , mstm
     pragnssna
     prag nssnahlc
    hlc `mvmrì
    `mvm rì `msmh
    ` msmhvacv
    vacvmrmr oaepmtähonls me autras tmrrmhas.
    Î  prltno
     prltnolemhtm
    lemhtm oahsmhsulc l `mgmsl `m qum a lssmssar `m neprmhsl `mvl smr darhlcnstl
    smr darhlcnstl
    plssl`a  par krlh`ms rm`lëýms, emcfar lnh`l. A rmclonahlemhta
    `m garelëïa. _m mcm tnvmr plssl`a par
    oae l eå`nl mxnkm ue oahfmonemhta "`m olusl" qum hïa pa`m sm cnentlr â tmarnl. Hnhkuîe
    lprmh`m has cnvras l rmoahfmomr a qum î uel hatåonl m a qum glzmr oae mcl plrl qum sm
    tarhm uel krlh`m eltîrnl, oaea jme lcmrtl Znolr`a Hajclt, me smu  L. lrtm `m glXmr ue
     darhlc `nìrna (m`ntarl Oahtmxta). A rmpÿrtmr snepcmsemhtm rmoahfmom l hatåonl, `m prnemnrl
    vn
    vnst
    stl,
    l, qulh`a
    qulh`a vln "plr"plrll l rul"
    rul" (t
    (tmr
    mrea usl`a  plrl l lpurlëïa `m nhgarelëýms garl `l
    ea usl`a
    rm`lëïa). M a lssmssar prmonsl tmr smhtn`a mssl mxpmrnähonl hl hl pmcm
     pmcm plrl nh`nolr la rmpÿrtmr 
    r mpÿrtmr 
    m la m`ntar qum smu lssmssarl`a tme hatåonl plrl
    hatåonl plrl agmrmomr.
    Els sm a pragnssnahlc
    pragnssnahl c hïa tnvmr tn`a l apartuhn`l`m
    apartuhn`l `m `m plsslr par uel rm`lëïarm`lëïa (par 
    oahtl `l ornsm `m meprmka hl nh`ôstrnl `l oaeuhnolëïa `m elssl), `mvmrì tmr pmr tmr  pmrspno
    spnoìonl
    ìonl
     plrll mhtmh`
     plr mht mh`mr
    mr oaea guho nahll a snstmel `m pra`uëïa `m hatåonls. Huel lssmssarnl `m
    oae a guhonah
    neprmh
    nep rmhsl,
    sl, mssm
    mssm darhlc
    darhlcns
    nstl
    tl pa`mrì
    pa`mrì nhnhno
    nonl
    nlrr sm
    smus
    us oahtltas oae ls rm`lëýms m `msmhvacvmr 
    rmclonahlemhtas. A qum hïa `ì plrl lomntlr î qum ue lssmssar `m neprmhsl, hl oaepcmxl
    saonm`
    sao l`m `l nh
    nm`l`m nhgar
    garelë
    elëïa,
    ïa, hïa n`mhtn
    n`mhtngnq
    gnqum
    um ls lrtnel
    lrtnelhfl
    hflss `a darhl
    darhlcnse
    cnseaa m hïa
    hïa  pratmdl l
    nelkme `m smu lssmssarl`a. Lssmssar `m neprmhsl tme qum tmr knhkl plrl trlhsntlr oae
    smus lssmssarl`as me `ngmrmht
    `ngmrmhtms
    ms eå`nls
    eå`nls (rmvns
    (rmvnstl,
    tl, darhlc, tmcmv
    tmcmvnsï
    nsïa,
    a, rì`na
    rì`na au nhtmrhmt) m  plrl
    usugrunr `l smkemhtlëïa `as vmåoucas.
    M nsnssa
    sa hïa snsnkhn
    khngn
    gnol,
    ol, `m gar
    arel
    el lclckue
    kuel,l, qum mcm `mvmrì
    `mvmrì ltnrl
    ltnrlrr plrl
    plrl ta`as
    ta`as as cl`a
    cl`as.
    s.
    Lssmssarnl `m neprmhsl î guhëïa mstrltîknol plrl
    mstrltîknol plrl l arkl
    arklhnzl
    hnzlëïa.
    ëïa. A pragns
    A  pragnssnahlc
    snahlc rmspahsìvmc
    rmspahsìvmc
     pmcl ìrml `mvm rmoahfm
    rmoahfmomr
    omr l nhsmr
    nhsmrëïa
    ëïa n`mlc hl nepr prmh
    mhssl (au emsea l lusähonl `a
    lssmssarl`a `as vmåoucas `m eå`nl me `mtmrenhl`a eaemhta) eaemhta) plrl
     plrl as hmkÿonas m plrl l
    nelkme `m smu lssmssarl`a.
    lssmssarl`a. Î mcm qume vln pclhmdlr
    vln pclhmdlr oaea smrì gmntl mssl mxpasnëïa, sajrm
    qum lssuhtas mcl smrì oahstruå`l m qulns darhlcnstls `mvme smr praourl`as.
    \ulh`a sm trltl `m lssmssarnl plrl ÿrkïas `m kavmrha, par mxmepca, jusol-sm l
    lpravlëïa pôjcnol plrl lëýms nepclhtl`ls au plrl l ornlëïa `m ue lejnmhtm lejnmhtm pacåtnoa
     pacåtnoa
     prapåonaa plrl l nepclhtlëïa `m cmns m prakrlels. _m cmvlreas me oahtl ue trljlcfa plrl
     prapåon
    arklhnzlëýms
    enhl
    en hlrr nh
    nhga
    gare hïa-
    hïa-kavmrhlemhtlns,
    relë ýmskavmrhlemhtlns,
    lëým s `m utnc
    utncn`
    n`l` lnh`l, l,  plrl
    l`mm  pôjcnol
     pôjcnol, lssmssarnl
    ldu`l`mr neprmhsl
    neprmhs
    l mepr l `mvm
    meprms
    msl ltulr plrl
    ltulr
    l l rmom
    rm omjm plrl
    jmr ``nssm-
    nssm-
    r rmoursas
    gnhlhomnras `mstnhl`as l pradmtas, mhtrm autras ajdmtnvas.
    Î  par nssa tlejîe ququmm a lssmssar `m neprmhsl hïa î a  pragnss
     pragnssnahlc
    nahlc qum vln ltulr hl
     

     pahtl `mssms
     pahtl `mssms praomssass m lpmhls cmvlr l pôjc
    praomssa l pôjcnoa
    noa lssuht
    lssuhtas
    as qum ls `melns ìrmls `l arklhnzlëïa
     dì l`enhnstrl
    l`enhnstrlrle.
    rle. O) lssms
    lssmssar
    sar `mvm tmr l oahgnlhël `m ta`as as kmstarms, m taelr `monsýms
    sajrm as emcfarms plssas l smrme smkun`as me haem `l jal nelkme `l meprmsl. _m gar 
    `mvn`lemhtm olplontl`a plrl tlhta, a lssmssar tlejîe prmonsl sukmrnr prakrlels saonlns
    olplzms `m oahoncnlr as nhtmrmssms `l arklhnzlëïa m `m smus pôjcnoas, mcmvlh`a elns uel
    vmz l nelkme `mstl hl eå`nl.

    oae Mcm `mvm smr,


    l eå`nl, `mvmmhgne, ue kmstar
    aouplr-sm `m uepar nhtmnra. lepca
    oahduhta M plrl `mkmrmho
    kmr mhonlr
    nlrolplzms
    lëýms a jae rmclonahlemhta
    `m nhgcumhonlr 
     pasntnvlemhtm
     pasntnvl emhtm mssl
    m ssl rmclëïa.
    rmclë ïa.
    Ra`mrì glzmr nssa saznhfa, sm trljlcflr plrl uel arklhnzlëïa `m pmqumha `m  pmqumha partm m sm
    tnvmr garelëïa euctn`nsonpcnhlr plrl tlhta. Els î elns pravìvmc qum trljlcfm me mqunpm, la
    qum, par oahtl `l jlklkme lol`îenol au prìtnol, tmrïa a gaoa me
    cl`a `m pragnssnahlns qum, par
    autrls lëýms qum hïa a rmclonahlemhta oae l neprmhsl. Î a olsa `a rmclëýms pôjcnols.
    Rlrmom-em qum ls `nsoussýms elns rmomhtms sajrm mssl supastl `nvnsïa `m plpîns täe sm
    oahomhtrl`a lkarl me lpahtlr qume `mvm smr a elh`l-ofu-vlelh`l-ofu-vl `l pacåtn
    `l pacåtnol
    ol `m oaeuhnolëïa
    `m uel arklhnzlëï
    arklhnzlëïa.a. \ulhta l nssanssa,, `mgm
    `mgmh`
    h`aa qu
    qumm smd
    smdle
    le `mrruj
    `mrrujl`l
    l`lss ta`ls ls omrols qum
    smplrle as olepas.
    ]e `as prnhon
    prnhonpln
    plnss mxmout
    mxmoutnvanvass `m oaeuhn
    oaeuhnolë
    olëïa
    ïa ha JrlJrlsn
    snc,
    c, Lka
    Lkastn
    stnhfa
    hfa Klsplr,
    Klsplr, î
    autra oråtnoa `l kumrrl `m haem haemhocl
    hocltur
    turll qum sm ornau
    ornau ha emrol`a mhtrm mhtrm prag
     pragnssn
    nssnahl
    ahlns
    ns
    ms
    mspm
    pmon
    onlc
    lcnz
    nzl` as me ue
    l`as u e autra rlearlea.. KlKlspsplr
    lr lo
    loae
    aepl plhf
    hfau
    au eu nta `m p mrta t a`l l
    mvacu
    mva cuëï
    ëïaa `mssm
    `mssm emr
    emrol`
    ol`a,
    a, tmh`
    tmh`aa trl
    trljlc
    jlcfl`
    fl`aa me rmrm`l
    `lëý
    ëýms
    ms,, me me
    meprprms
    msls
    ls m  prmsn`n`a l
    Akncvy par träs lhas ha Jrlsnc (lssnstnh`a, lssne, â mhtrl`l `ls lkähonls mstrlhkmnrls `m
    rmclëýms pôj
    rmclëýms  pôjcno
    cnols
    ls ha  plå
     plås),
    s),  plrl
     plr l guh
    guh`lr
    `lr hl `î`îol`
    ol`ll `m <>>2 sul prÿprnl meprmsl, K&L,
    uel `ls elnarms ltulcemhtm. Hl oahsacn`lëïa `mssl ìrml, Klsplr lgnrel oae smkurlhël
    qum hïa
    hïa nepartl
    nepartl l garelëïa `a pragnssnahlc.
    pr agnssnahlc. "A qum `ì ` ì l `ngmrmhël m a tae
    ta e `ls lkähonls
    m `as pragnssnahlns
    pragnssnahlns î a oahfmonemhta
    oahfmonemhta `l emoêhnol `a ocnmhtm ocnmhtm plrl smeprm pa`mr jusolr 
    sacuëýms `m oaeuhnolëïa nhtmkrl`ls ha mspårnta `as hmkÿonas", `nz mcm.
    A kmstar
    kmstar prnhonplc
     prnhonplc `mvm smr olplz `m olenhflr  par ta`ls ls ìrmls m `m praeavmr, `m
    glta, l nhtmkrlëïa. _m mcm sm krl`uau me Darhlcnsea au me Zmclëýms Rôjcnols, pauoa

    nepa
    nepart
    rtl.
    l. A mssm
    oaeuhnolëïamssmho
    qumhonl
    l nlc
    c î qum prmtmh`m
    meprmsl prmt
    meprmsl a mh`m
    nh`nol
    nh`nol`a
    `a tm
    tmhf
    hfll ls oaepmt
    `msmhvacvmr. oaepmtäh
    ähon
    onls
    ls n`mlns
    n`mlns plrl
    plrl a tn
    tnpa
    pa `m

    MVNKÄHONL @M ]E RMZNPA
    A emrol`a
    emrol`a ju  jusol
    sol a prpragn
    agnssn
    ssnah
    ahlc
    lc qum `mhaenha
    `mhaenh a oaeuhnol`ar
    oaeuhnol `ar euc`ns
    euc`nsonp
    onpcnh
    cnhlr.
    lr. M
    Mstm
    stm
    hïa î emrlemhtm ue mspmonlcnstl me tîohnols `m lpurlëïa, rm`lëïa m m`nëïa darhlcåstnols,
     parqumm sm gnol
     parqu olrr rmsuen`a l nssa pravlvmcemhtm sÿ mhoahtrlrì msplëa `m trljlcfa has
    vmåoucas `m oaeuhnolëïa.
    A lss
    lssmss
    mssar
    ar `m neprmhs
    neprmhsll tlejîe
    tlejîe hïa sm rmsuem
    rmsuem â emrl
    emrl `nvucklë
    `nvucklëïa
    ïa `m nhgarelëýms
    sajr
    sajrmm as lssm
    lssmss
    ssar
    arl`
    l`as
    as.. Ns
    Nssa
    sa omrt
    omrtle
    lemhmhtm
    tm hïa
    hïa sm
    smrì
    rì sugn
    sugnon
    onmh
    mhtm
    tm plrl ldu`lr
    `lr pms
    msssals m
    arklhnzlëýms l jusolr uel nelkme pasntnvl m l ormsomr.
    A oaeu
    oaeuhn hnol
    ol`ar
    `ar l qume
    qume ofle
    ofleaa `m euctnsonpcnhlr tlejîe hïa sm mspmonlcnzl me
    rmclonahlemhtas, oaea ue onmhtnstl pacåtnoa, parqum nssa smrnl oahtmepclr lpmhls plrtm
    `ls hmomssn`l`ms `a lssmssarl`a. @l emsel garel, hïa lkm oaea ue onmhtnstl saonlc,
    olplz `m `msmhvacvmr mstu`as saonacÿknoas sajrm smu lssmssarl`a m sajrm suls rmclëýms.
    A emr
    emrol`a
    ol`a qumr ue pragns
    pragnssna
    snahlc
    hlc `m lssmss
    lssmssarn
    arnll `m oaeu
    oaeuhnol
    hnolëïa
    ëïa olplz
    olplz `m mht
    mhtmh`
    mh`mr 
    mr 
     

     praguh`lemhtm l ltulëïa `a lssmssarl`a, me ìrmls `nstnhtls, au smdl, ue vmr`l`mnra


    vmr`l`mnra pmrnt
    pmrnta.
    a.
    _m a lssmssarl`a gar ue mxmoutar `m prakrlels pôjcnoas me `mtmrenhl`a smtar, a lssmssar 
    `mvm oaeprmmh`mr as mgmntas
    mgmntas `mssls pacåtnols plrl l papuclëïa m oaeplrlr a qum mstì smh`a
    gmnta me autras plåsms, jusolh`a uel vnsïa kcajlc m mspmonlcnzl`l sajrm a lssuhta.
    Oae mssm oahfmonemhta, sljmrì `nstnhkunr, oae l `mvn`l smkurlhël, oaea rmlknrïa
    as `ngmrmhtms pôjcnoas `lqumcl arklhnzlëïa grmhtm l nhgarelëýms `nvuckl`ls. A lssmssar hïa
    `mvm smr plssnva,
    mstrltîknoa els lhtmonplr
    `m oaeuhnolëïa omhìrnas
    olplz qum passnjncntme
    `m kmrlr uel nelkmel mcljarlëïa
    pasntnvl `a`mlssmssarl`a.
    ue pclhmdlemhta
    @mvm
     pmhslr oaea ue pragpragns
    nssna
    snahlc
    hlc `m elrimtnhk, `ngnouctlh`a ls em`n`ls l`mqul`ls, par mxmepca,
     plrl `nvucklr pra`utas m smrvnëas, sltnsglzmh`a a oahsuen`ar. @mvm tlejîe pmhslr
    tlejîe pmhslr oaea
    `mtmrenhl`as
    `mtmre nhl`as gltas `m uel meprmsl `m saonm`l`m lhÿhnel (s.L.) pa`me smr oaeuhnol`as
    las lhlcnstls
    lhlcnstls gnhl
    gnhlhomnr
    homnras,
    as, oahfm
    oahfmom`ar
    om`ar qum î `a
    `a oaep
    oaepartl
    artlemht
    emhtaa `a emro
    emrol`a
    l`a `m olpntln
    olpntlns.
    s. M
    lssne par `nlhtm.

    NELKME JAL LD]@L L WMH@MZ


    A qum nhtmrmssl la oaeuhnol`ar euctnsonpcnhlr î mxmoutlr, me vlrnl`ls grmhtms, l
    tlrmgl `m ldustlr l pmrompëïa
    l pmrompëïa `l nelkme `a smu lssmssarl`a la gaoa `a hmkÿona m/au
    ltulëïa.
    Nelkme jal ldu`l l vmh`mr. Lcnìs, l arklhnzlëïa qum lprmsmhtl nelkme pasntnvl
    tlhta hl eå`nl oaea mhtrm as pôjcnoas `nrmtas `ì nh`åonas `m passunr
    `m  passunr uel jal kmstïa. A
     jae lssmssar î lqumcm qum sljm ldu`lr a kmstar l snhlcnzlr la emrol`a l mgnonähonl `a
     prÿprna trljlcfa. _mrì,
    _mrì, partlhta, ue plromnra `as `nrnkmhtms
    `nrnkmhtm s prnhonplns `l nhstntunëïa.
    A  pa
     pasno
    snona
    nahl
    hlem
    emht
    htaa lo
    lomr
    mrtl
    tl`a
    `a `l nelkme `m pra`utas m smrvnëas oacljarl plrl qum
    mstms tmhfle elnar lomntlëïa mhtrm as oahsuen`arms l qum sm `mstnhle. La vmh`mr elns
    m eastrlr rmsuctl`as gnhlhomnras mgnonmhtms, l arklhnzlëïa tmrì lonahnstls sltnsgmntas oae l
    kmstïa. Havas nhvmstnemhtas smrïa gmntas, cmvlh`a la ormsonemhta `l nhstntunëïa. Hïa
    rmstle `ôvn`ls `m qum mssm ormsonemhta `mvm smr lhoarl`a me me pacåtnol
     pacåtnol mstrltîknol
    `m oaeuhnolëïa, cn`mrl`l par
    cn`mrl`l  par pragnssnah
     pragnssnahlns
    lns olplzms
    olplzm s `m pclhm
    `m  pclhmdlr
    dlr ol`l
    ol` l ntme m ol`l plss
    ol`l  plssaa
    `l mxpasnëïa `a lssmssarl`a.

    LRZMH@MH@A L GLTMZ A @NGÅONC


    Lpmslr `m l lssmssarnl `m neprmhsl pa`mr smr nhocuå`l mhtrm ls ls prìtnols
     prìtnols `m rmclëýms
     pôjcnols, mcl tme ue  stltus `ng `ngmrm
    mrmhonl
    honl`a,
    `a, dì qum sul ltnvn`l`m
    ltnvn`l`m nepcnol
    nepcnol me mstljmcmom
    mstljmcmomr 
    r 
    olhl
    olhlnns nh`n
    nh`nrm
    rmttas (par
    par nhtm
    htmreî`
    reî`na na `l neprmhsl) `m oaeu oaeuhnhnol
    olëï
    ëïaa oae
    oae ta`a
    ta`ass as
    nhtmrcaoutarms
    nhtmrcaoutar ms oae
    o ae as
    a s qulns
    qu lns sm rmclonahle
    rmclonahle as lssmss
    lssmssarl`a
    arl`as.
    s.
    _mep
    _m eprrm qum
    qum uel
    uel hathatåo
    åonnl î  pujcnol`l au vmnoucl`l, mcl ljrljrlh
    lhkm
    km uel lepcl m
    `nvmrsngn
    `nvmr sngnol`l
    ol`l qulhtn`l`m `m pmssals,
    pmssals, qum nhtmkrle
    nhtmkrle pôjcnoas vnsl`as pmcas lssmssarms
    lssmssarms `m
    neprmhsl (darhlcnstls) au rmclëýms pôjcnols.
    Oljm â lssmssarnl `m neprmhsl glzmr a `ngåonc, au smdl, oahsmkunr oae qum l neprmhsl
    sm elhngmstm `m elhmnrl mspahtêhml, ha msplëa `mstnhl`a la oahtmô`a m`ntarnlc (m hïa â
     pujcnon`l`
     pujcn on`l`m),
    m), sajrm
    sa jrm lssuhtas `m nhtmrmssm pôjcnoa rmclonahl`as las lssmssarl`as.
    Dì ls autrls gmrrlemhtls `l ìrml `m rmclëýms pôjcnols oahtle oae vmrjls lcaol`ls
     plrl lqumcm gne mspmoågnoa (pltraoåhnas m pujcnolëýms nhstntuonahlns, mvmhtas, oaeuhnolëïa
    nhtmrhl
    nhtmrhl mto) me lpana âs ltnvn`l-`ms.
    ltnvn`l-`ms. Oae mcls, tme-sm a oahtracm sajrm l emhslkme gnhlc
    qum ofmkl la la pôj
     pôjcno
    cnoa-l
    a-lcva
    cva,, la oahtrìrna `l emhslkme trljlcfl`l pmcl neprmhsl, qum
     

     plssl pmca ornva `a vmåouca m `a `a darh


     darhlcnst
    lcnstll me qum
    qumstïa
    stïa..
    L `nvucklëïa qum tme oaea ajdmtnva eatnvlr l neprmhsl l plutlr `mt `mtmre
    mrenhl
    nhl`as
    `as
    lssuht
    lss uhtas
    as `m
    `mel
    elh`
    h`ll ol`
    ol`ll vmz elns pmssals
    pmssals mspmspmon
    monlcn
    lcnzl`
    zl`ls
    ls hl ratn
    ratnhl
    hl m has pr
    praom
    aomss
    ssas
    as `m
     pra`uëïa
     pra`u ëïa `l hatåonl. @lå a glta `m pa`mreas
    `m  pa`mreas `nzmr, sme `ôvn`l, qum lssmssar `m neprmhsl
    î, sne, darhlcnstl. Mcm trljlcfl oae l mxltn`ïa `l hatåonl, oae l nhgarelëïa `m nhtmrmssm
     pôjcno
     pôj cnoaa qum hïa `mvm sm apar la nhtmrmssm `a lssmssarl`a.
    L ahmut
    oahtrl hmutrlcn
    rlcn`l`m
    prÿprna `l`m1
    prÿprna darh 1 lcZmspa
     darhlcZmaspah`a
    au prh`a
    a`uzzoae
    u pra`u autrl
    autr
    lsl qum
    e ltîrnls
    eltîrn pmrkuhtl
    pmrkgmrme
    uhtl44 as
    a dar
    darhlcn
    hlcnstl
    stl me
    nhtmrmssms `as rm`l-
    rm`l-ëïa
    `ahasëïa
    `a msormvm
    vmåouca
     plrl a qulc trljlcfl1 L rmspastl î4 hïa. _mh`a lssne, hïa vmda `ngmrmhël mhtrm a mxmroåona
    `l lt
    ltnv
    nvn`
    n`l`
    l`mm `m lssm
    lssmss
    ssar nepr
    ar `m ne prmh
    mhsl
    sl m `m  darhlcnstl `m rm`l m`lëïa
    ëïa ‐  pmca emhas hl
    `nsoussïa sajrm `mgmsl `m nhtmrmssms. Lcnìs, sm fì uel `ngmrmhël håtn`l, passa `nzmr qum as
    lssmssarms sïa mxpcåontas hl `mgmsl `as lssmssarl`as.
    Rlrl a lssmssar m plrl ta`ls ls pmssals qum sm rmclonahle au qum `msmdle sm rmclonahlr 
    Rlrl 
    oae l neprmhsl, a `mslgna oahsnstm me rmspah`mr l smns qumstýms jìsnols4
     Oaea glzmr
    glzmr plrl
     plrl qum ue `mtmrenhl`a lssuhta ofmkum la oahfmonemhta `a darhlcnstl (`nvucklëïa
     prÿ-ltn
     prÿ-ltnvl)
    vl)11
     Oaea a lssuhta l smr `nvuckl
    `nvuckl`a
    `a `mvm smr trljlcfl
    trljlcfl`a
    `a me smu oah oahtmô`a plrl qum as vmåoucas snhtle-sm

     eatnvl`as
    Oae
    Oaea l trlhsgareì-ca
    a praom`m
    praom `mrr qul h`a me
    qulh`a plutl,
    a nht
    nhtmrm meme
    mrmssm
    ssm lssuhta
    hat plssåvmc
    hatnon
    nonlr
    lr lck `m
    uesmglta
    lckue tarhlr
    glt rmceltîrnl1
    a rmcltn
    ltnva
    va la lssmssarl`a surkm `a
     prÿprna vmåouca (oaepartl
    (oaepartl ememhta
    hta rml
    rmltnva
    tnva)1
    )1
     Oaea praom
    Oaea  praom`mr
    `mr me sntulë
    sntulëýms
    ýms `m
    `m ornsm1
     Oaea glzmr pl
    glzmr plrl
    rl qum,
    qum, nh`m
    nh`mpm
    pmh`m
    h`mhtm
    htm `l snt
    sntul
    ulëï
    ëïaa qum
    qum eatnv
    eatnvau
    au l ornsm, l eltîr
    eltîrnl
    nl smdl pujcnol`l oae
    nhgarelëýms oarrmtls1
     Rar gne, a qum glzmr qulh`a nssa hïa loahtmom1

     Hïa mxnstm ue elhulc oae rmspastls prahtls plrl mssls pmrkuhtls. \ulh`a sm cn`l
    oae nhgarelëïa mspahtêhml, garl `a oahtracm `l eå`nl plkl, oahsn`mrl`l ajdmtnvl m `m
    nhtmrmssm pôjcnoa, vaoä gnol sudmnta l euntls vlrnìvmns.
    Mstls ljrlhkme a pasnonahlemhta `m ue vmåouca mspmoågnoa ha emrol`a, a pmrgnc `a
     darhlcnstl, oaea mstì l sntulëïa `a plås ha eaemhta, a fnstÿrnoa `m rmclonahlemhta mhtrm a
    lssmssarl`a m a vmåouca ltmh`n`a, l mxnstähonl au hïa `m nhtmrmssms oaemronlns m ls
     pmrompëýms `as pragnssnahlns
    pragnssnahlns mhvacvn`as.
    Î prmonsa sm glencnlrnzlr oae as pôjcnoas mhvacvn`as (ocnmhtms m darhlcnstls)9 tmr 
    lomssa â emta`acaknl m las nhstruemhtas utncnzl`as pmcls lkähonls `m oaeuhnolëïa m
    `msmhvacvmr l prÿprnl pmrompëïa `m oaea sm oacaolr m sm oah`uznr me ue smkemhta
    elrol`a par mkas m vln`l`ms lomhtul`as, `m ta`as as cl`as.
    \ume dì plssau par uel rm`lëïa, oursau au mstì ourslh`a uel jal glouc`l`m `m
    Darhlcnsea, sln hl grmhtm. Oae gaoa euctn`nspcnhlr, l garelëïa `a lssmssar `m neprmhsl
    gnoau l olrka `as oursas uhnvmrsntìrnas me qum, prmssupým-sm, fì l passnjncn`l`m `m
    l`qunrnr vnvähonl me lejnmhtms snenclrms las `m uel rm`lëïa, `m oaeprmmh`mr a pmrgnc `as
     pragnssnahlns qum smrïa nhtmrcaoutarms, `m `nsomrhnr a qum î hatåonl m `m `aenhlr l tîohnol
    `as tmxtas nhgareltnvas.
    L smkunr, lprmsmhta a kcassìrna oae as tmreas elns utncnzl`as ha oatn`nlha `l
    ltnvn`l`m `m lssmssar `m neprmhsl.
     

    K]NL @M OAHOMNPA_
    Î  prmonsa sm glencnlrnzlr oae tmreas m oa oahf
    hfmo
    mone
    nemh
    mhta
    tass `m ìr
    ìrml
    mlss lg
    lgnnhs qu
    qumm
    harelcemhtm mstïa mejlnxa `a "kulr`l-ofuvl" `l ìrml `m rmclëýms pôjcnols, `mhtra `a
    ea`mca hartm-lemrnolha qum ls havls lkähonls `m oaeuhnolëïa jusole,
    oaeuhnolëïa jusole, par mxmepca4
    kavmrh
    kavmrhlhë
    lhëll oar
    oarpar
    parltn
    ltnvl,
    vl, el
    elri
    rimt
    mtnhk nhst
    nhk nhstntuon
    ntuonahlc,
    ahlc, rmspahsljncn`l`m saon
    rmspahsljncn`l`m saonlc
    lc,, oaeuhnolëïa
    oarparltnvl, pujcno lgglnrs,
    lgglnrs,pragm
    pragmssnahl
    ssnahlcelr
    celrimtnh k m rmclëýms oae nhvmstn`arms.
    imtnhk

    Mejarl
    kcassìr
    kcassìrna mssls prìtnols
    na `mcnentlrì mstmdle
    emcfar qulc nhtmrcnkl`ls,
    on`l`m `msmh`a
    l mspmongnon`l`m
    mspmongn ol`l `ngåonc l`atì-cls
    ltnvn`l`m. nsacl`lemhtm,
    A ajdmtnv
    ajdmtnvaa î qum vaoäa
    sm glencnlrnzm oae as tmreas oarrmhtms hl pragnssïa.
    pôjcnolss (ZR)4 mstljmc
     Zm/lëýmspôjcnol
     Zm/lëýms mstljmcmom olhlns `nrmtas `m oaeuhnolëïa oae ta`as as tnpas
    mom olhlns
    `m pôjcnoa. Î l ìrml qum ornl, ornl, pclhmdl
     pclhmdl m mxmoutl
    mxmoutl prakrlels
     prakrlels `m nhtmkrlëïa nhtmrhl m mxtmrhl,
    me jusol `m "oaeprmmhsïa eôtul mhtrm uel arklhnzlëïa pôjcnol au prnvl`l m ta`as as
    krup
    upasas lalass ququln
    lnss mstì cnkl`l `nrmtl au nh nh`n
    `nrm
    rmtl
    tlem
    emhthtm"
    m",, oa
    oaea
    ea oa
    oaho
    homn
    mntu
    tull l LJZR
    (Lssaonlëïa Jrlsncmnrl `m Zmclëýms Rôjcnols). La mstljmcmom mstljmcmomrr prakr
    prakrlels
    lels oaepcmtas `m
    oaeu
    oa euhnhnol
    olëïëïa,
    a, l ìrml `m rm rmcl
    clëý
    ëýmsms pôpôjcjcno
    nols
    ls oaoaht
    htll oae l l du `l `m pr prag
    agns
    nssn
    snahl
    ahlns
    ns
    mspmonlcnzl`as me smkemhtas mspmoågnoas, oaea as smkunhtms.
     Zmclëýmss nhstntuon
     Zmclëým nhstntuonahlns
    ahlns au puj
    pujcno
    cno lgglnr s4 mholrrmkl-sm `ls rmclëýms `m uel arklhnzlëïa oae
    lgglnrs4
    a ka
    kavm
    vmrh
    rhaa m suls
    suls `ng
    `ngmrmh
    mrmhtms
    tms nhs
    nhstnt
    tntunë
    unëýms
    ýms.. L ltnltnvn
    vn`l`
    `l`mm î oaoahg
    hguh
    uh`n
    `n`l
    `l eu
    eunt
    ntls
    ls vmzms oae
    fjjnm. Eunta oaeue has M] M]L,L, ls rmclëýms nhstntuonahlns mhslnle as prnemnras plssas ha
    Jrlsnc. Rar lqun, a tmrea fjjnm tme ue smhtn`a pmdarltnva parqum mssm tnpa `m trljlcfa î
    oahguh`n`a oae oarrupëïa m prìtnols msousls (oaea sujarha) l`atl`ls par arklhnzlëýms
    qum juso
    qum  jusolele mxmromr nhgcuähonl mhtrm kavmrhas. Rragnssnahlcnzl`a, a cajjnm `m qum glcleas
    lqun î l ltnvn`l`m par emna `l qulc ls arklhnzlëýms
    arklhnzlëýms jusole sne `mgmh`mr smus nhtmrmssms,
    elss l plrtn
    el l  plrtnrr `l lrkuemhtlëïa m `m rmclonahl
    rmclonahl emhtas oahstruå`as saj as elh`lemhtas
    elh`lemhtas `l
    îtnol m `l cmn.
    Wleas l ue mxmepca mxmepca prìtnoa
    prìtnoa44 uel meprmsl
    meprmsl mstì euntaeunta prma
    prmaoupl
    oupl`l
    `l oae lckuhs
     pahtas `mgmh`n`as hue  pradmta `m cmn qum mstì prmstms l smr lpravl`a pmca Oahkrmssa
     Hlonah
     Hlo nahlc.
    lc.  Hue `l `l`a
    `a eaem
    eaemht hta,
    a, l me meprprms
    msll  pmromjm qum as `mputl`as mhvacvn`as ha
    glencnlrn`l`m oae a tme
    `mjltm täe pauol glencnlrn`l`m tmell au hïa mstïamstïa lvlcn
    lvlcnlh`
    lh`aa as neplotas
    neplotas `l
    guturl cmn plrl
    `ngmrmhtms cl`aslqumcm smtarm m`mplrl
    `l qumstïa l lr
    oflelr
    ofle moahaenl
    l ltmhëïa`a`as
    Jrlsnc. Hlhtlrms
    plrclem tmhtltnvl
    plrclemhtlr ms plrl`mqum
    lprmsmhtlr as
    sm aptm par 
     pradmta
    ue prad
    ue mta emcfar, l meprmsl praeavm lëýms plrl a msoclrmonemhta. Mstls nhocume, par 
    mxmep
    mxm epca
    ca,, rmuhn
    rmuhnýms
    ýms oae ms mspm
    pmononlcn
    lcnst
    stls
    ls m `mpu
    `mputl `ass  plrl l lprms
    tl`a lprmsmhtlë
    mhtlëïa
    ïa `m pmsqunsls
    pmsqunsls99
    lc
    lcea
    eaëaëass has
    has quln
    qulnss mssm
    mssmss `l`a
    `l`ass pa`me
    pa`me sm smrr `mjl
    `mjltn
    tn`a
    `ass `m elhm
    elhmnr nrll elns
    elns nhga
    nhgare
    relc
    lc m
    nzl`l9 rm`l
     pmrsahlcnzl`l9
     pmrsahlc rm`lëï
    ëïaa `m jacmtnhs oae nhgarelëýms mspmonlcnzl`ls, `nrnkn`as las plr-
    clemhtlrms9 mhtrm autrls lctmrhltnvls.
     Ha Jrlsn
    Jrlsncc lnh`l
    lnh`l prmvlcm
    prmvlcmom
    om l n`mnl
    n`mnl `m qum cajjnm î uel ltnvn`l`m `m traol `m glvarms. _m
    uel meprmsl mstì nhtmrmssl`l hl lpravlëïa `m uel cmn, agmrmom `nhfmnra au vlhtlkmhs las
    `mputl`as. Nssa î ornem. A qum as pragnssnahlns
    pragnssnahlns `m rmclëýms nhstntuon
    nhstntuonahlns
    ahlns glzme î rmspmntlr 
    rnkaraslemhtm l cmn m trljlcflr l nhgarelëïa, jusolh`a uel sacuëïa glvarìvmc plrl uel
    meprmsl au smtar.
    Oaeuhnolëïa
    Oaeuhnolëïa oarparlt
    oarparltnvl4
    nvl4 tlejîe oflel`l `m oaeuhnolëïa meprmslrnlc, elhtîe a
    ga
    gaoa
    oa hl oarp
    oarpar
    arlë
    lëïa
    ïa,, ms
    mstl
    tljm
    jmcm
    cmom
    omh`
    h`aa gc
    gcux
    uxas
    as `m nhga
    nhgare
    relëïa
    lëïa m `nìcakas smeprm oae l
     prmaouplëïa
     prmaoup lëïa `m `mstlolr vlcarms, elrol, km kmsstïa, lcîe `l ltulëï
    ltulëïaa `as pr
    prÿpr
    ÿprnas
    nas
    mxmo
    mx mout
    utnv
    nvas
    as `l arkl
    arklhn
    hnzl
    zlëï
    ëïa.
    a. Me lc lcku
    kuhs
    hs ols
    olsas,
    as, î `m`mha
    haen
    enhl
    hl`l
    `l tlejî
    tlejîee oaeuhnolëïa
    oaeuhnolëïa
     

    nh
    nhsstn
    tntu
    tuon
    onah
    ahlc
    lc parq um trljlcfl l nelk
    parqum nelkmeme `l nhs nhstntu
    tntunë
    nëïa
    ïa nhtm
    nhtmnr
    nrle
    lemh
    mhtm
    tm.. A tmrea
    oarpar
    oar parltn
    ltnva
    va l`qu
    l`qunr
    nrnu
    nu elna
    elnarr nepl
    neplot
    otaa  parqum as pragnss
    pragnssnah
    nahlns
    lns m ls lkäh
    lkähon
    onls
    ls `a smtar 
    oahomhtrlrle msgarëas hmssm olepa dustlemhtm hls meprmsls prnvl`ls.
    Oaeu
    Oa euhn
    hnol
    olëï
    ëïa
    a nhnhtm
    tmrhl4 tme par ajd
    rhl4 ajdmt
    mtnnva uhng
    hngnolr
    nolr a `nsou rsaa `mhtra `m uel
    nsours
    arklhn
    ark lhnzlë
    zlëïa.
    ïa. Rar nssa î vactl`l mxocusnvlemhtm plrl a pôjcnoa nhtmrha (guhonahìrnas,
    mxmoutnvas m lonahnstls). Fì eunta `mnxau `m smr vnstl oaea lëýms `m rm`lëïa m m`ntarlëïa
    `m vmåoucas,
    kmstarms oaea
    `mssl ìrmlas`mvme
    praplcl`as darhlns
    praplcl`as  darhlnsmeeurlns
    sm aouplr au as
    lhlcnslr jacmtnhs
    gcuxas nhgareltnvas
    nhtmrhas neprmssas.Päe
    `m oaeuhnolëïa. As
    lnh`l l ìr`ul ‐
    ìr`ul  ‐ els `nvmrtn`l, me euntas olsas ‐ olsas  ‐ tlrmgl `m oaeprm
    oaeprmmh`m
    mh`mrr m kmrmhonlr 
    rm`ms garelns m nhgarelns `m oaeuhnolëïa, a qum nhocun l gleasl "rì`na-pmïa" (qum onroucl
    ls nhgarelëýms mxtrl-agnonlns `as guhonahìrnas `m ofïa `m gìjrnol ltî las kmrmhtms, m pa`m
    smr lpravmntl`l
    lpravmntl`l plrl `lr elns gcmxnjncn`l`m âs rmclëýms saonlns hl arklhnzlëïa).
    A oaeuhnol`ar nhtmrha prmonsl `mtmotlr m oarrnknr ls jlrrmnrls mxnstmhtmsmxns tmhtms plrl
    plrl a jae
    mhtmh`nemhta mhtrm pltrïa m guhonahìrna, oahoncnlh`a nhtmrmssms `m lejas as cl`as. Rassun
    l guhëïa `m  praeavmr uel snejnasmsnejnasm oae l ìrml `m rmoursas fuelhas, uslh`a l
    oaeuhnolëïa plrl vlcarnzlr a  a  nh
    nh`n
    `nvå
    vå`u
    `ua.
    a. A krlh`m `mslgna `mssm olepa tlcvmz smdl
    raepmr oae l n`mnl `m qum as trljlcfl`arms `mvme smr emrlemhtm nhgarel`as par 
    emna `l oaeuhnolëïa nhtmrhl, a qum em plrmomem  plrmom lutar
    lutarntìrn
    ntìrnaa `melns. Mssl ltnvn`l`m mstì
    vactl`l plrl praeavmr a `nìcaka ljmrta mhtrm a pôjcnoa nhtmrha m hïa plrl trlhsentnr 
    `l`as. Mssm trljlcfa hïa `mvm smr oahguh`n`a oae a oahomnta `m mh`aelrimtnhk, qum tme
    oaea ajdmtnva trltlr as guho guhona nahì
    hìrn
    rnas
    as oaoaea
    ea "o"ocn
    cnmh
    mhtm
    tmss nhtm
    nhtmrh
    rhas
    as"" plrl
    plrl qum
    qum sm smdl
    dle
    e
    oahvmhon
    oahv `as `l nelkme pasn
    mhon`as nelkme  pasntnv
    tnvll m `as vlcarm
    vlc armss `m pra
    pra`ut
    `utas
    as m smrvnëa
    smrv nëass agmrtl`
    agm rtl`as
    as pmcl
    pmc l
    arklhnzlëïa ha emrol`a.
     Rragmssnahlc Elrimtnhk. oaeuhnolëïa `nrmtl `nrnkn`l l pragnssnahlns `m `mtmrenhl`a
    smtar,, oae nhtmhëýms emrol`acÿknol
    smtar emrol`acÿknols. s. As mspmonlcns tls hmss
    mspmonlcnstls hmssmm olepa clhële eïa `m
    ltnvn`l`ms
    ltnvn`l`ms qum glcle `m pra`utas m smr vnëas âs oltmkarnls pragnssnahlns qum hïa lpmhls
    as uslrïa `nrmtlemhtm, els qum pa`mrïa nh`noì-cas l autrls pmssals. Rlrl glclr `m xlepu,
     par mxmepc
    mxmepca, a, l`atl
    l`atl-sm
    -sm uel mstrltîk
    mstrltîknl nl `m rmclonahl
    rmclonahlemht
    emhtaa oae as oljmcmnrmnr
    oljmcmnrmnrasas.. Rlrl
    lprrms
    lp msmh
    mhtl
    tlrr hava
    havass pr
    pra`
    a`ut
    utas
    as lclcne
    nemh
    mhttåo
    åona
    nass, as ofmgs `m oaznhfl sïa nhtmrcaoutarms
    nhtmrmsslhtms.
     Elrimtnhk
     Elrimtn hk nhstn
    nhstntuonahl
    tuonahlc4c4  pclhmd
     pclhmdll m `msm
    `msmhvhvac
    acvm
    vm lë
    lëýms
    ýms qum mxpmxprm
    rmss
    ssle
    le as vlcarms `l
    oarp
    oa rpar
    arlë
    lëïa
    ïa,, oae
    oae l pr prma
    maou
    oupl
    plëëïa `m qum mssls emhs emhslklkmh
    mhss smdl
    smdle
    e pmromjn`l
    pmromjn`lss pmcl
    saonm
    saonm`l`
    `l`mm hïa saemhtm ltrlvîs `l  pujc
    saemhtm ltrlvîs  pujcnon`
    non`l`m
    l`m au `l neprmhsl, els par emna `m
     pltraoå
     pltr aoåhna ouc turll m la mspartm,`m
    hnass â ouctur mspartm,`m prakrl
     prakrlels
    els lejnmht
    le jnmhtlns,
    lns, mhtrm autrls nhnonltnvls.
     Zmspahsljncn`l`m saonlc4  pclhmdl m `msmhvacvm lëýms qum rmvmcle a oaepra oae praenss
    enssaa
    saonlc `l arklhnzlëïa oae l oaeuhn`l`m me qum mstìnhsmrn`l. mstìnhsmrn`l. Plns lëýms pa`me tmr l
    elrol `l nhstntunëïa par tmrme sn`a ornl`ls m elhtn`ls par mcl, oaea pa`m oaea  pa`me e sm `nrnknr 
    l autrls arklhnzlëýms, oaea AHK_, lssaonlëýms `m jlnrra, msoacls, kavmrhas mto.
     Zmclëýms oae nhvmst n`arms au  Nhvmstar Zmcltnah (NZ)4 oaeuhnolëïa rmlcnzl`l pmcl
    nhvmstn`arms  pmclss meprmsl
    meprmslss
    `m olpnt
    olpntlc
    lc ljmrt
    ljmrta,a, cn
    cnst
    stl`l
    l`lss hls jacsl
    jacslss `m vlcarm
    vlcarms,
    s, las lhlcn
    lhlcnst
    stls
    ls `a emremrol`
    ol`aa gnhlho
    gnhlhomnr
    mnraa m
    lonahnstls enharntìrnas. Mssls lëýms sïa ol`l vmz elns lprnearl`ls plrl qum a emrol`a
    tmhfl l pmrompëïa
    l pmrompëïa oarrmtl `m oaea as hmkÿonas `l arklhnzlëïa mstïa smh`a `nrnkn`as m
     plrl `meahstrlr
    `meah strlr a patmhonlc `m ormsonemhta `l meprmsl. Mssm tnpa `m trljlcfa î hïa sÿ
    uel mxnk
    mxnkäh
    ähon
    onll cm
    cmkl
    klcc ‐ ha Jrls Jrlsnc
    nc,, gn
    gnso
    solc
    lcnz
    nzl`
    l`ll `nrm
    `nrmtl
    tlem
    emht
    htmm pmcl
    pmcl Oaen
    Oaenssssïa
    ïa `m Wlcar
    Wlcarms
    ms
    Eajncnìr
    Eajn nas (OWE) ‐ , els uel garel `m lkrmklr vlcar âs lëýms `l me meprmsl qum sïa
    cnìrnas
     

    hmkaonl`ls me jacsl. Lcîe `m sm oaeuhnolr oae as lhlcnstls `a emrol`a (qum trljlcfle


    me jlhoas, oahsuctarnls gnhlhomnrls m oarrmtarls `m vlcarms), a pragnssnahlc `mssl ìrml
    `nrmtlemhtm ‐ qum sïa as qum
    `mvm `msmhvacvmr emolhnseas plrl glclr oae as nhvmstn`arms `nrmtlemhtm ‐
    oaeprle plpîns `l meprmsl m prmonsle tmr oahgnlhël ha qum mstïa glzmh`a.
    • Ka
    Kavm
    vmrh
    rhlh
    lhël
    ël oa
    oarp
    rpar
    arlt
    ltnvl4 î a oahd
    nvl4 oahduh
    uhta
    ta `ls
    `ls emcf
    emcfar
    arms
    ms prprìt
    ìtno
    nols
    ls `m kmstïa
    kmstïa qum
    mvn`
    mvn`mh
    mhon
    onle
    le a oaepr
    oaepraen
    aenss
    ssaa `l mepr
    meprms
    msll oae
    oae l oaeu
    oaeuhnhn`l
    `l`m
    `m m a plås ah`m ltul
    ltul.. A

    `oahomnta
    as hmkÿhmkÿoîokmrlc,
    nas `mels elîhmn
    hmnssa
    nrl emsea.
    -rmmtl,L meprmsl
    oar-r îtnol m lkm,rms
    mspa`mhsìv
    pahs glta, plrl
    glta,
    mc.. plrl
    ìvmc L`avlcarnzlr
    vlca
    tl rnzlr l oah`uëïa
    rmclonahlemhtas
    trlhsplrmhtms oae nhvmstn`arms, garhmom`arms, guhonahìrnas m kavmrhas. Oueprm oae suls
    lejnmhtlns  ‐ m, `m prmgmrä
    ajrnklëýms lejnmhtlns ‐ `m  prmgmrähonl,
    honl, glz ue pauoa elns `a qum l cmn `mtmrenhl.
    Pu`a nssa oa oaht
    htrn
    rnju
    junr
    nrìì  plrl qum a em emrorol`
    l`aa tmhf
    tmhfll elns
    elns oa oahg
    hgnl
    nlhë
    hëll hmss
    hmssll mepr
    meprmsmsl,
    l,
    lkrmklh`a vlcar l mcl. L nelkme oarparltnvl î jmhmgnonl`l pmrlhtm l neprmhsl m autras
     pôjcnoass qum hïa
     pôjcnoa hï a sïa hmomsslrnlemhtm smus nhvmstn`arms.
    •SLssmssarnl `m neprmhsl4 smkuh`a l Gmhld (Gm`mrlëïa Hl (Gm`mrlëïa Hlonaonahlc
    hlc `as Da
    Darh
    rhlcnstls
    lcnstls),
    ), trltl-sm
    `a "smrvnëa `m l`enhnstrlëïa `ls nhgarelëýms darhlcåst
    nhgarelëýms darhlcåstnols nols m `a smu gcuxa, `ls gahtms plrl as
    vmåoucas `m oaeuhnolëïa m vnom-vmrsl". Dì ljar`leas `m elhmnrl elns oaepcmxl a agåona `l
    lssmssarnl `m neprmhsl, els mu kastlrnl `m rmsslctlr qum l elnarnl `ls `mgnhnëýms prahtls
    sajr
    jrmm mcm lnh` h`ll sm cncneentntll la cl`a apm apmrlo
    rlonah
    nahlc
    lc  pura au âs gmrrlemhtls mspmoågnols. L
    mxpmrnähonl `meahstrl qum mssl pra mssl pragns
    gnssïa
    sïa î eunta
    eunta elns
    elns mstrltîknol, m ljrlhkm l oahstruëïa `m
    rmcl
    rmclon
    onahahlelemh
    mhtatass elns sÿcn`as oae  darhlc  darhlcnstls
    nstls me rm`l-ë
    rm`l-ëïa. Nhocun lnh`l a hava
    `nrmo
    `nrmonah
    nahlem
    lemhthtaa `m uel arklhn arklhnzlë
    zlëïaïa plr
    plrll qum mcl smdl el elnns lj
    ljmr
    mrtl
    tl m sm oaeuhnqum, `m
    elhm
    el hmnrnrll rmsp
    rmspah ahsì
    sìvm
    vmc,
    c, oae
    oae uel plrtmm elnar `l saonm`l`m ‐ tmh`a l eå`nl oaea
    uel plrt
    em`nl`arl. A lssmssar `m neprmhsl hïa sÿ mxmoutl, els pclhmdl. Hïa sÿ oueprm ar`mhs,
    els nhgcumhonl hls `monsýms `m uel arklhnzlëïa. @mgnhm tlejîe l cnhfl `m `nsoursa `l
    nhstntunëïa m `m smus `nrnkmhtms.
     

    OLRNP]CA W 

    \ume sïa ocnmhtms,


    ocnmhtms, ofmgms m meprmkl`arms
    m eprmkl`arms
    Waoä dì `mvm tmr auvn`a glclr glclr sajrm l ornsm `l nh`ôstr
    nh`ôstrnl
    nl `m oaeuhnolëïa
    oaeuhnolëïa ha Jrlsnc.Jrlsnc.
    ]e `m smus rmgcmxas î l mxnstähonl `m mxomcmhtms pragnssnahlns qum loljlrle enkrlh`a `ls
    rm`lëýms plrl ls lssmssarnls `m neprmhsl.
    Mhqu
    Mh qulh
    lhta
    ta l nhnh`ô
    `ôst
    strn
    rnll `m oaeu
    oaeuhnhnol
    olëï
    ëïaa `m elss
    elssll sm vnl
    vnl âs vact
    vactls
    ls oae
    oae ldus
    ldustm
    tmss
    gnhlhomnras, ls lssmssarnls `m neprmhsl lvlhëlrle m ls arklhnzlëýms, `m elhmnrl kmrlc,
     plsslrle
     plsslr le l nhvmstnr
    nhvm stnr elns me oaeuhnolë
    oaeu hnolëïa.ïa. ]e glta hïa mstì `nrmtlemhtm
    `nrmtl emhtm rmclonahl`
    rmclo nahl`aa
    oae autra
    autra.. Dì glcle
    glcleasas lqun
    lqun sajrm
    sajrm as pmrå
    pmråa`a
    a`ass nepa
    nepartrtlht
    lhtms
    ms plrl
    plrl qum l ìr ìrml
    ml tnvms
    tnvmssm
    sm
    krlh`ms nepucsas
    nepucsas ha Jrlsnc hl `îol`l `m <>>2.
    Rmhsa ha `ngåonc olenhfa qum as havas darhlcnstls, rmoîe-mkrmssas `l uhnvmrsn`l`m,
    `mvme trncflr me jusol `m meprmka. Rrnemnra, parqum, `nlhtm `nlhtm `mssl
    `mssl rmlcn`l`m,
    rmlcn`l`m, `ïa oae
    ls olrls
    olrls hls partls
    partls `ls rm`lëý
    rm`lëýmsms m gr
    grust
    ustrl
    rlee mxpm
    mxpmot
    otlt
    ltnv
    nvls
    ls sahf
    sahfl`
    l`ls
    ls `url
    `urlht
    htmm a ours
    oursaa `m
    kr
    krl`
    l`ul
    ulëï
    ëïa.
    a. _mku
    _mkuh`h`a,
    a, parqu
    parqumm has autras
    autras smtar
    smtarms
    ms oaea
    oaea a `m lssmss
    lssmssarn
    arnl,
    l, pravlv
    pravlvmce mcemht
    mhtmm
    `nsp
    `nsput
    utlr
    lrïa
    ïa mspl
    msplëa
    ëa oae
    oae darh
    darhlc
    lcns
    nstl
    tlss el
    elns
    ns mxpm
    mxpmrn
    rnmh
    mhtm
    tms,
    s, qum
    qum dì vnvm
    vnvmrl
    rlee a tlc
    tlc sahf
    sahfaa `m
    trljlcflr huelhas
    Rmhslh`a rm`lëïa.
    `ans olsas ‐ a `as darhlcnstls qum dì täe omrtl jlklkme hl pragnssïa m
    as rmoîe-g
    rmoîe-garel
    arel`as
    `as ‐ prmtmh`a
    prmtmh`a elpmlr ue pauoa a tmrrmha
    tmrrmha `l lssmss
    lssmssarn
    arnll `m neprmhs
    neprmhsl.
    l.
    Pmhtlrmn nh`nolr qume î qume hmssm sm-tar, qum tnpa `m ocnmhtm as pragnssnahlns `mvmrïa
    mhgrmhtlr
    mhgrmhtlr m ah`m pa`me
    pa`me mstlr as meprmkl`arms.
    meprmk l`arms.
    Mxnst
    Mxn stme
    me jlsnol
    jlsnolemh
    emhtmtm lpmhls
    lpmhls qultr
    qultraa tn
    tnpas
    pas `m ocnmht
    ocnmhtms
    ms,, ue krlh`m
    krlh`m hôem
    hôemra
    ra `m
    ofmgms m cnentl`ls passnjncn`l`ms `m meprmkl`arms. As ocnmhtms pa`me smr `nvn`n`as
    me4
     As qum täe lctl vnsnjncn`
    vnsnjncn`l`m
    l`m pôjcn
    pôjcnol
    ol m qum sïa ofl oflel`a
    el`as, s, grmqumhtmemhtm,
    grmqumhtmem htm, l prmstlr oahtls
    `m suls lëýms, nh`mpmh`mhtm
    nh`mpmh`mh tm `m qumrmrme au hïa "lplrmomr". Mhtrm mcms mstïa as pa`mrms
    oahstntuå
    oahst ntuå`as
    `as (Mxmou
    (Mxmoutnv
    tnva,
    a, Cmknsc
    Cmknscltn
    ltnva
    va m Du` Du`non
    nonìrna
    ìrna)9
    )9 ls oaroarparl
    parlëým
    ëýmss qumoahomhtrl
    qumoahomhtrlrle rle
     plromcls
     plromc ls mxprmssnvls
    mxprms snvls `a emrol`a
    emrol`a99 oahstn
    oahstntunëýms
    tunëýms gngnhlhomnrls9
    hlhomnrls9 meprmsls prmstl`arls `m
    smrvnëas
    smrv nëas pôjcnoa
    pôjcnoas9s9 mep
    meprmsl
    rmslss mst
    mstltl
    ltlnsns m mep
    meprmsl
    rmslss prnvlt
    prnvltnzl
    nzl`ls
    `ls99 pmrsah
    pmrsahlcn`lcn`l`m
    l`mss me kmr kmrlc
    lc
    (pacåtn
    oas, dakl`arms `m gutmjac, lrtnstls `m onhmel, tmltra, eôsnol mto).
     As qum qumrme `nvucklr a prÿprna trljlcfa m ls oahtrnjunëýms `l`ls, parqum oahsn`mrle
    nssa nepartlhtm plrl l mstrltîknl `m smus hmkÿonas m/au ltulëýms. Mejarl euntls vmzms hïa
    smdle `m elh`l`as pmcl neprmhsl, euntas `as qum sm mhqul`rle mhqul`rle hmssm pmrgnc mhtmh`me qum, sm
    hïa sm oacaolrle pujcnolemhtm, `mnxlrïa msplëa plrl qum autras vmhfle m a glële, hïa sm
    `ngmrmhonlh`a
    `ngmrmho nlh`a plrl as garel`
    garel`arms
    arms `m apnhnïa m plrl a prÿprna pôjcnoa. _ntule-sm hmssm hmssm
    krupa meprmsls `m ta`as as partms ‐ `m pmqumhls grlhqunls l krlh`ms krupas moahÿenoas ‐ 
    m `m ta`as as smtarms.
     As qum
    qu m qumr
    qumrmeme ssmm pasnonahlr
    pasn onahlr pujcno
    pujcnolemhtm
    lemhtm plrl `mgmh`mr ol olusl
    uslss m nht
    nhtmrm
    mrmssm
    ssms,
    s, `m kru
    krupas
    pas
    mspmoå
    msp moågno
    gnoas
    as au `m ta` ta`ll l sao
    saonm`
    nm`l`m,
    l`m, oaeoaeaa AHK°
    AHK°_, _, lssaonl
    lssaonlëým
    ëýms,s, snh`nol
    snh`noltas,
    tas, mhtn`l`
    mhtn`l`ms ms
    rmprmsmhtltnvls
    rmprmsmhtltn vls `m oclssm m `melns mhtn`l`ms `l saonm`l`m onvnc arklhnzl`l.
     As qumqum kast
    kastlrlrnl
    nle
    e qumqum l prÿpprÿprnrnll memepr
    prmsmsl,
    l, nh
    nhst
    stnt
    ntun
    unëï
    ëïa,
    a, gl
    gleå
    eåcn
    cnll m lenk
    lenkas as gagass
    ssme
    me
    tatlce
    tatlcemh mhtm
    tm msq
    msqumo
    umon`a
    n`ass pm pmcl
    cl nep
    neprmh
    rmhslsl.. _ï
    _ïaa as ofofllel`as ca cawp
    wpra
    ragn
    gncm
    cm (me nhknhkcäs
    cäs,, jl
    jlnxl
    nxl
    mxpasnëïa) au hapragni (traol(traol`ncfa
    `ncfa gmnta pmcls lssmssarnls `m neprmhsl, qum oflele mssm
     pmrgnc
     pmr gnc `m oocnm
    cnmhtm
    htm `m ""hmhf
    hmhfueluel mxpa
    mxpasnëï
    snëïa")
    a")..
     

    L MVRMOPLPNWL @A L__M__AZL@A
    Nh`mpmh`mht
    Nh`mpmh` mhtmemh
    memhtmtm `a pmrgnc
    pmrgnc `a lssmss
    lssmssarl`
    arl`a,
    a, cmejrm-
    cmejrm-smsm `m qum ta`a
    ta`ass, sme
    mxomëïa, mspmrle qum l pmrompëïa qum l saonm`l`m tme sajrm mcm, par emna `l neprmhsl,
    mstmdl ldustl`l â rmlcn`l`m `mcm. Nssa tarhl-sm elns nepartlhtm sm cmejrlreas qum as vmåoucas
    `m oaeuhnolëïa mxprmssle ‐ au `mvmrnle mxprmsslr ‐ hl`l elns `a qum a mhtmh`nemhta `l
    apnhnïa pôjcnol qulhta las lssuhtas ljar`l`as.
    _m, mhtrm
    emcfarms as smus
    pra`utas lssmssarl`
    lssmssarl`as,
    m smrvnëas, as, `m
    slnjl mstnvmrme
    mstnlhtmeïa
    vmrme meprmsls
    qum mcls cå`mrms me smusnhlomntìvmns
    vïa oahsn`mrlr smkemhtas,eltîrnls
    oae as
    qum ltrnjule mssls qulcngnolëýms las oahoarrmhtms. Hïa tmhfl `ôvn`ls `m qum, qulsm smeprm, l
    oajrl
    oaj rlhël
    hël `mvmrì
    `mvmrì rmolnr
    rmolnr sajrm
    sajrm vaoä. Lgnhlc
    Lgnhlc `m oahtl
    oahtls,s, oaea
    oaea ue oahoa oahoarrrrmhtm
    mhtm oahsmkunu sm
     pasnon
     pas nonahl
    ahlrr tïa jme1
    jme1 ("Oarh
    ("Oarhaa gan passåv
    passåvmcmc qum l neprmhs
    neprmhsll vmnoucls
    vmnouclssm
    sm nhgare
    nhgarelëýmlëýmss sajrm
    sajrm a
    oahoarrmhtm, sme qumstnahlr l vmrlon`l`m sajrm supastls vlhtlkmhs qulcntltnvls1
    As lss
    lssmssa
    mssarl`a
    rl`ass `l ìrml pôjcnol,
    pôjcnol, oaea a kavmrha me ta`ls ls nhstêhonls (gm`mrlc,
    mstl`ulc m euhnonplc), sljme qum î a olrìtmr gnsolcr/l`ar qum plutl ls eltîrnls sajrm a smtar.
    Rar nhtmreî`na `l neprmhsl, as pa`mrms oahstntuå`as prmstle oahtl `ls lëýms â papuclëïa m
    mssm î a ajdmtnva prnhonplc `m uel lssmssarnl `m neprmhsl plrl mssm smkemhta. Hl`l nepm`m,
    ha mhtl
    mhtlht
    hta,
    a, qum
    qum msmsssl em
    emse
    sell oc
    ocnm
    nmht
    htmc
    mcll tm
    tmhf
    hfll mx
    mxpm
    pmot
    otlt
    ltnv
    nvll `m vmvmrr rmo
    rmoahf
    ahfmon
    mon`ls
    `ls ls  pac
     pacåt
    åtnol
    nolss
     pôjcno
     pôj cnols
    ls `ls rmspmotnvls ìrmls, oaea sm gassme ue smrvnëa tïa "vmh`ìvmc" qulhta ue jme ue jme `m
    oahsuea. Mssl î l cÿknol, nhocusnvm, `l pacåtnol-mspmtìouca qum l saonm`l`m `l nhgarelëïa
    ldu`au l gareltlr.
    Issl rmlcn`l`m pa`m smr mstmh`n`l l ta`as as lssmssarl`as, nh`mpmh`mhtm `m smrme uel
    krlh`m oarparlëïa `l nh`ôstrnl lutaeajncåstnol, uel nhstntunëïa gnhlhomnrl, a `aha `m uel
    ôhnol cadl `m olgî, uel AHK `m `mgmsl `a emna lejnmhtm au uel lssaonlëïa papuclr `m eïms.
    A qum ta`as qumrme î qum l pmrompëïa pôjcnol `m suls ltnvn`l`ms ltnvn`l`ms oahtl`ls
    oahtl`ls pmcl neprmhsl
    neprmhsl
    oarrmspah`l la qum mcms rmlcemhtm sïa. M î plrl tlhta qum vaoä `mvm trljlcflr.
    Nssa hïa î hl` hl`ll snepc
    snepcms.
    ms. _m gas
    gassm,
    sm, as ocnmhtms
    ocnmhtms `mcmklrnle
    `mcmklrnle l qulcqumr
    qulcqumr ue l guhëïa `m
    ltmh`mr â neprmhsl, `m `mon`nr oaea m qulh`a `nvucklr ue glta au `m mstljmcmomr au hïa
    rmclonahlem
    rmclo nahlemhtas pmrnÿ`noas oae as darhlcnstls. Mejarl euntls vmzms nssa smdl passåvmc, a
    htas pmrnÿ`noas
    gl
    glta
    ta î qumqum ol`l
    ol`l vmvmzz fì eln meprmsls m nhs
    elns mep nhstnt
    tntunë
    unëýms
    ýms qum pragns
    pragnssna
    snahlc
    hlcnzle
    nzle mssl
    mssl guhëïa,
    mhtrmk
    mht rmklh`
    lh`a-l
    a-l las oun`l`
    oun`l`asas `a ls lssm
    smss
    ssar
    ar `m neprneprmhs
    mhsl,
    l, smsmdl
    dl oahtr
    oahtrltl
    ltlh`
    h`a-a-aa `nrm
    `nrmtltlem
    emhthtm,
    m,
    mhoa
    mh oaem
    emh`h`lh
    lh`a
    `a a trljlcfa l lk lkäh
    ähon
    onls
    ls tmtmro
    romn
    mnrrnz
    nzl`
    l`ls
    ls au lnh`lnh`ll oaej
    oaejnh nhlh
    lh`a`a ls `uls `uls
     passnjnc
     pass njncn`l`m
    n`l`ms.s.
     Lgnhlc `m oahtls, as lssmssarl`as hïa pa`me oarrmr a rnsoa rnsoa `m mhtrmklr hls eïas `m
    ue pra
    ue  pragns
    gnssna
    snahlc
    hlc nholplontl`a plrl
    nholplontl`a plrl nssanssa l enssïa `m `m pas
     pasnon
    nonahlr
    ahlr su
    sull "elrol"
    "elrol" pmrlhtm l apnhnïa
     pôjcno
     pôjcnoll ‐ tmhfl mcl ue vlcar emrol`acÿknoa, oaea ue jme `m oahsuea, au snejÿcnoa, oaea
    l nelkme pasntnvl `m ue kavmrha au `m uel AHK.

    DAKA @M NHPMZM__M_
    Î oclra qum ue ÿrkïa `m kavmrha, la praeavmr, par mxmepca, l `nvucklëïa `m uel
    oleplhfl oahtrl l `mhkum, mstì nhtmrmssl`a ha jme oaeue, qum î a msoclrmonemhta `l
     papuclëïa sajrm l `amhël. Els, me elnar au emhar msolcl,
    msolcl, mstì me daka tlejîe elhtmr l
    nelkme `a kmstar `mssl ìrml m `a prÿprna kavmrha, qum smrïa lvlcnl`as elns om`a au elns
    tlr`m pmca pôjcnoa. Hïa fì hl`l `m elc qum ue ÿrkïa `m kavmrha qumnrl `nvucklr uel
    lkmh`l pasntnvl sajrm suls lëýms qum sïa, hlturlcemhtm, `m nhtmrmssm pôjcnoa.
    \ulh`a ue jlhoa rmlcnzl uel sîrnm `m lëýms hl ìrml `m rmspahsljncn`l`m saonlc
     

    (rmoupmrlh`a såejacas nepartlhtms `l fnstÿrnl `a plås, pltraonhlh`a arqumstrls m pmëls `m


    tmlt
    tmltra
    ra,, ljrn
    ljrnkl
    klh`
    h`aa pr
    prad
    admt
    mtas
    as `m lpan
    lpanaa â nhgê
    nhgêho
    honl
    nl),
    ), elro
    elrol,l, oa
    oae
    e nssa
    nssa,, ue nepa
    nepartrtlh
    lhtm
    tm
     pasnonahlemhta oaea meprmsl on`l`ï. La lknr lssne, mcm tlejîe luemhtl as nh`åonas `m
    Yum î uel meprmsl oahgnìvmc, lptl l vmh`mr "smkurlhël", qum î a prnhonplc "pra`uta" `m
    uel nhstntunëïa gnhlhomnrl.
    Oae mssm pasnonahlemhta, l nhstntunëïa pa`mrì oaemronlcnzlr, oae elnar elrkme `m
    lomntlëïa, smus
     pauplhël, pra`utas trl`nonahlns,
    nhvmstnemhtas me guh`as `moaea
    rmh`llmolptlëïa
    autras. `m oahtls oarrmhtms, ol`mrhmtls `m
    autras.
    Meprmsls pasnonahl`ls oaea saonlcemhtm rmspahsìvmns oahtle oae l snepltnl `l
    apnhnïa pôjcnol m mstïa emhas vuchmrìvmns l sntulëýms `m ornsm. Päe uel nelkme
    sltnsgltÿrnl pmrlhtm as oahsuen`arms, a qum oahtrnjun plrl qum smdle lcolhël`ls ls emtls
    `m vmh`l m `m rmhtljncn`l`m prmvnstls has pclhas `m hmkÿonas (jusnhmsspclhs).
     Hïa fì hl`l `m mrrl`a hnssa, eunta pmca oahtrìrna. La oueprnr emtls, ls meprmsls
    ajtäe `as lonahnstls l pmrenssïa plrl oahtnhulr nhvmstnh`a, kmrlh`a meprmkas m cmvlh`a
    gnhlhonlemhta l pradmtas `l ìrml saonlc, qum euntls vmzms gnolrnle ljlh`ahl`as sm hïa
    gassme prnarnzl`as hl mstrltîknl `m oaeuhnolëïa `ls krlh`ms oarparlëýms.

    \]LH@AFì uelueNZ Ârnm


    l sîrn
    sî EÅ@NL
    m `m eatn
    eatnva
    vass qum
    qum cmcmvl
    vle
    e arkl
    arklhn
    hnzl
    zlëý
    ëýms
    ms pôjc
    pôjcno
    nols
    ls m prnv
    prnvl`
    l`ls
    ls au emse
    emseaa
     pmrsahlcn`l`ms l jusolr msplëa hl eå`nl. Mstì elns oclrl, mhtrm mhtrm as lssmssa
    lssmssarl`a
    rl`as,
    s, l n`mnl `m
    qum î prmonsa l`atlr ue oaepartlemhta prÿ-ltnva m nr â neprmhsl plrl `nvucklr lëýms
     pasntnvls, rmsuctl`as lcolhël`as
    lcolhël`as,, havas pra`utas
    pra`utas m prakrlels
    prakrlels clhël`as,
    clhël`as, mhtrm
    mhtrm autras
    autras
    lssuht
    lss uhtas.
    as. Mstì `nssm
    `nssmenh
    enhl`l
    l`l l pmromp
    pmrompëïaëïa `m qum l jal nelkme
    nelkme ldu`l
    ldu`l l vmh`m
    vmh`mr,r, oaea dì
    glcleas lhtmrnaremhtm.
    Els tlejîe î oaeue qum ls arklhnzlëýms l`atme prìtnols `m oaeuhnolëïa elns
    astmhsnvls lpmhls qulh`a l cuz lelrmcl lomh`m. A snhlc `m lcmrtl qum cmvl l nhstntunëïa l nhvmstnr 
     pa`m
     pa `m sm
    smrr ue
    ue jlc
    jlclh
    lhom
    omtm
    tm gn
    gnhl
    hlho
    homn
    mnh)
    h) rune
    rune,, pmr
    pmr`l
    `l `m plrtn
    plrtnonp
    onplëï
    lëïaa ha
    ha emro
    emrol`a
    l`a,, qum`
    qum`ll has
    has nh`no
    nh`nol`a
    l`arm
    rmss
    `m lpravlëïa `a kavmrha. Fì uel sîrnm `m rlzýms qum cmvle l arklhnzlëïa l vmr l ltnvn`l`m
    `m lssmssarnl `m neprmhsl oae autras acfas.
    Ra`meas oltmkarnzlr `l smkunhtm garel ls sntulëýms elns oaeuhs plrl ls qulns ls
    lssmssarnls sïa sacnontl`ls ltulcemhtm4
    • Gart
    Gartlcm
    lcmomr
    omr l nelkm
    nelkmee m ls lëý
    lëýmsms `m oaeuhno
    oaeuhnolëï
    lëïaa dì `msmhv
    `msmhvac
    ac vn`ls pmca lssmssarl`a,
    lssmssarl`a, `m ea`a l
    garelr uel "elssl oråtnol" glvarìvmc â nelkme, l plrtnr `m nhgarelëýms pasntnvls `nvuckl`ls hl
    eå`nl.
    • @mgm
    @mgmh`m
    h`mrr a lssmssarl
    lssmssarl`a
    `a `m lou
    louslë
    slëýms
    ýms nhguh
    nhguh`l`
    `l`ls
    ls au `m prajc
    prajcmels
    mels qum `m glta mxnstme, ofmklrle la
    oahfmonemhta pôjcnoa m prmonsle smr msoclrmon`as.
    • Mstljm
    Mstljmcmomr
    cmomr oah`utls
    oah`utls prm
    prmvmhtnv
    vmhtnvls
    ls `m ea`a l ""jcnh`lr
    jcnh`lr"" passåvmns ljar`lkmhs hmkltnvls pmcl neprmhsl,
    me guh
    guhëï
    ëïaa `m prajcm
    prajcmels
    els qum mstmstïa
    ïa prmstm
    prmstmss l aoarr
    aoarrmr
    mr au su
    susom
    somtåv
    tåvmns
    mns `m vnrme
    vnrme l pô
    pôjc
    jcno
    noaa `l
    `l`l
    `l l
    hlturmzl
    hlturmzl `a hmkÿon
    hmkÿonaa `a lss
    lssmssa
    mssarl`a
    rl`a.. Mssl lëïa pa`m smr prmom
    prmom`n`l
    `n`l par uel oahsuctarnl
    oahsuctarnl `m rnsoa,
    rnsoa, ue
    trljlcfa plrl `nlkhastnolr ls ìrmls qum pa`mrïa oaepraemtmr l nelkme `a lssmssarl`a.
    • Zmp
    Zmpasn
    asnona
    onahlr
    hlr l elrol
    elrol `l arklhn
    arklhnzlë
    zlëïa
    ïa au l nelkme
    nelkme `l pmrsah
    pmrsahlcn
    lcn`l`
    `l`mm duhta
    duhta â apnhnï
    apnhnïaa pôjcno
    pôjcnol,
    l,
    eastrlh`a mxltlemhtm a qum mcl î, a qum prmtmh`m.
    • Rraea
    Rraeavmr
     pujcno vmr lëýms
     pujcnontìrnls
    ntìrnls, `mstlëýms
    , elhngm lpana
    elhngmstlëý ms l`m`nvuck
    `nvucklëým
    lëýmssmvmhtas
    AHK°s, mspmoågnol
    mspmtas
    mvmh oågnols,
    mes,kmrlc,
    oaea nhlukurlëý
    clhëlemhta
    clhëlurlëýms
    nhluk emhtams`m`mpra`utas,
    pra`utas,
    gìjrnol,
    gìjrno `m oleplhfl
    olep
    l, oleplhfls
    olep lhfls
    lhfls `ms
    oahson
    oah sonmht
    mhtnzl
    nzlëïa
    ëïa `m  dajs, au smdl, `m ltulëýms oae ourta prlza `m `urlëïa, plrl uel gnhlcn`l`m
    mspmoågnol.
    • Mstlj
    Mstljmcmom
    mcmomrr prìtnols duhta â neprmhsl qum sussustmhtm
    tmhtme
    e a pasno
    pasnonahle
    nahlemhta
    mhta `m elrimtnhk  `a
      `a ocnmhtm au
     

    `as pra`utas ha emrol`a.

    OFMGM_
    Me ta`ls mssls sntulëýms, vaoä pa`m sm `mplrlr oae `ans tnpas `m omhìrnas4
    • A lssmssarl`a
    lssmssarl`a dì sljm a qum qumr9 tme uel mstrltîknl
    mstrltîknl `mgnhn`l
    `mgnhn`l m oaht
    oahtrltl
    rltl vaoä au l mepr
    meprmsl
    msl plrl qulc
    vaoä trljlcfl lpmhls plrl apmrlonahlcnzlr `msnsýms.
    • A ocnmhtm qumr sul ldu`l
    Me qulcqumr uelplrl mcljarl
    `mssls l mstrltîknl,vaoä
    lctmrhltnvls, glzmr `mvm,
    as ldustms pahtulns
    lhtms m apmrlonahlcnzlr
    apmrlonahl
    `m plrtnr cnzlr a ajsmrvlr 
    plrl l lëïa, pclha.
    l qume vaoä au l meprmsl `m lssmssarnl `m neprmhsl sm rmpartlrì. A ofmgm `ls lëýms `m
    oaeuhnolëïa pa`m mstlr ha oflel`a –prnemnra msolcïa― (oahsmcfa `m l`enhnstrlëïa au
     prmsn`ähonl, ha olsa `m meprmsls9 enhnstras, kavmrhl`arms, smormtìrnas au prmgmntas, ha
    olsa `l ìrml pôjcnol9 prnhonplc `nrnkmhtm, ha olsa `m lssaonlëýms m mhtn`l`ms). Ra`m lnh`l
    smr cnkl`a l uel `nrmtarnl mspmoågnol (gnhlhomnrl, `m elrimtnhk , `m lssuhtas oarparltnvas au
    `m rmoursas fuelhas) au l uel ìrml vactl`l `nrmtlemhtm plrl l oaeuhnolëïa, oaea
    `nrmtarms `m rmclëýms pôjcnols, `m oaeuhnolëïa saonlc au kmrmhtms `m neprmhsl.
     Ha olsa `m pmrsahlcn`l`ms, pacåtnoas m pragnssnahlns cnjmrlns, mssl rmclëïa mhtrm
    lssmssar m ofmgm î mstljmcmon`l `nrmtlemhtm, uel vmz qum l oah`uëïa `a trljlcfa `m
    nelkme pmssalc mxnkm uel lomntlëïa m ue oaepraemtnemhta `nìrna `a lssmssarl`a.
    Waoä tmrì elns smkurlhël plrl sljmr par ah`m oaemëlr smu trljlcfa `mpans `m
    oahfmo
    oahf momr
    mr me qum
    qum tnpnpaa `m oaej
    oaejnnhlëï
    hlëïaa smu ls
    lsssms
    msssar
    arl`
    l`aa sm mhol
    mholnx
    nxl,
    l, l plr
    plrtnr
    tnr `ls
    `ls
     passnjncn`l`ms lprmsmhtl`ls lhtmrnaremhtm. @mvmrì sljmr, par mxmepca, sm a ocnmhtm mstì
    mhtrm lqumcms qum qumrme rmpasnonahlr l nelkme m dì täe l mstrltîknl mcljarl, oae l
    supmrvnsïa `nrmtl `l prmsn`ähonl. Au sm mcm jusol lpmhls oahtrltlr  dajs, par nhtmreî`na `l
    `nrmtarnl `m elrimtnhk , sme sljmr qulc l emcfar mstrltîknl plrl a clhëlemhta `a pra`uta
    me qumstïa. Waoä pa`m sm lnh`l sm `mplrlr oae ue enhnstîrna `m kavmrha qum qumr 
    rmgarëlr l pmrompëïa `ls lëýms par emna `m ue trljlcfa oaar`mhl`a pmca ofmgm-`m-
    kljnhmtm `a enhnstra.
    _mdl qulc gar l oaejnhlëïa, hïa pmrol `m vnstl ls plrtnouclrn`l`ms `m ol`l ocnmhtm,
    hme tmhtm nepar `urlemhtm a smu prÿprna rmknem `m trljlcfa. Jal plrtm `m smu suomssa
    `mpmh`mrì `m oaea vaoä vln cn`lr oae a ofmgm `a trljlcfa `a lssmssarl`a.
     

    Lpmslr `mssm pmrgnc `m lssmssarl`a


    lssmssarl`a lnh`l lssne oahtrltlr ls lkähonls `m oaeuhnolëïa
    oaeuhnolëïa ‐ rmoahfmomh`a
    rmoahfmomh`a l nepartêhonl
    `mstls plrl
    `mstls  plrl l mstrltîknl `as hmkÿonas ‐, hl prìtnol,
    hl  prìtnol, a ocnmhtm euntls vmzms eu`l par
    eu`l  par oahtl
    oahtl prÿprn
     prÿprnll ta`l l mstrltîknl `m
    oaeuhnolëïa
    oaeuhnol ëïa prmvnlemhtm loar`l`l. M a glz snepcmsemhtm parqum lofl qum tme uel n`mnl emcfar plrl a qum `mvmrnl `mvmrnl smr 
    mxmoutl`a. A pnar
    A  pnar î qum nssa kmrlcemhtm loahtmom, plrl a `msmspmra
    `msmspmra `as lssmssarms, oe onel `l farl `as loahtmonemhtas
     pclhmdl`as.
     pclhmd l`as.
    _ÿ î olplontl`a
    olplontl`a plrl
     plrl l guhëïa
    guhëïa `m lssmssar
    lssmssar qume, ha `moarrmr `a trljlcfa, oahsmkum tmr lsomh`ähonl sajrm a ocnmhtm m
    oahsmkum oahvmhoä-ca `m qum a mspmonlcnstl me oaeuhnolëïa, lcn, î mcm, a darhlcnstl. Prltl-sm `m uel rmclëïa ousta jmhmgåona
     prmdu`nonlc
     prmdu`n onlc plrl
     plrl uel meprmsl qum plkl uel lssms-sarnl m, mspmonlcemhtm me eaemhtas oruonlns, glz lpmhls a qum cfm `ì hl
    tmcfl.a_m
     plrl lssnejlstl
    ocnmhtm4 gar, hïa
    qumfì
    mcmrlzïa
    rlzïa plrl
    taem plrl oahtrltlr
    oahtrltlrm apmël
    ls `monsýms lssmssar `m guhonahìrna
    qum ue neprmhsl. Llssacuëïa pa`m
    sacuëïa  pa`m smr eunta
    mxmoutm. eunta elns snepcms m emhas ahmrasl
    Els qulh`a fì, `m glta, uel rmclëïa rmclëïa `m rmspmnta
    rmspmnta eôt
    eôtua,
    ua, hl qulc a lssmssar lcolhël omrtl lsomh`ähonl sajrm a
    ocnmhtm, mstm plssl l sm ljrnr elns m l smhtnr qum pa`m oahgnlr hmssl arnmhtlëïa pragnssnahlc. Ltî nssa loahtmomr, î hmomssìrna
    ue pmråa`a eåhnea `m oahvnvähonl
    oahvnvähonl plrl qum a lssmss lssmssarl`a
    arl`a tlejîe sm fljntum oae as praom`n praom`nemhtas
    emhtas `l lssms
    lssmssarnl,
    sarnl,
    mhqulhta a lssmssar lprmh`m l cn`lr oae a ocnmhtm.
    Rlssl`
    Rls sl`ll mss
    mssll gls
    glsm,
    m, sm vaoä
    vaoä hïa oahsmkun
    oahsmkunrr tmr lsomh`
    lsomh`äho
    ähonl
    nl sajrm a lss
    lssmssa
    mssarl`a,
    rl`a, a prajc
    prajcmel
    mel pa`m smr smu m hïa `mcm.
    Rartlhta, plrm `m gnolr sm clemhtlh`a m vmdl
    vmdl par
     par qum î qum mcm
    mcm lnh`l
    lnh`l hïa sm smhtnu
    smhtnu smkura
    smkura la smh cl`a.
    cl`a.
    _m hmomssìrna, pra
    hmomssìrna,  prapah
    pahflfl l rmlcnzlëïa `m warisfaps oae tmels rmclonahl`as â neprmhsl, âs ltnvn`l`ms `m lssmssarnl
    m rmclëýms
    rmclëýms pôjcnols
    pôjcnols `mhtra
    `mht ra `l meprmsl m/au oae a ocnmhtm lssmssarl`a.
    Omrtl vmz ue ocnmhtm em `nssm qum hïa pa`mrnl ltmh`mr â neprmhsl parqum tnhfl qum trljlcflr hlqumcm eaemhta.
    Cmvmn ue susta m nssa gmz oae qum rmvåssmeas ta`as as praom`nemhtas qum mstìvleas l`a-tlh`a oae lqumcl meprmsl.
    _m a ocnmhtm lofl qum ltmh`mr â neprmhsl (mca `a rmoahfmonemhta `l saonm`l`m saonm`l`m pmca trljlcfa
    trljlcfa `mcm m `l mqunpm) î hïa
    trljlcflr, î `mspmr`nëlr tmepa, mhtïa î parqum hïa oahtl oae uel lssmssarnl qum rmplssl ls nhgarelëýms hmomssìrnls sajrm a
    olrìtmr `l ltnvn`l`m.
    Rlssleas l glzmr snstmeltnolemhtm oursas m warisfaps oae a tmel "a qum î, oaea guhonahl m plrl qum smrvm uel
    lssmssarnl `m neprmhsl"
     

    `mhtra `l meprmsl9 cmvleas pragnssnahlns `m autrls ìrmls `l oaeuhnolëïa plrl `lr plcmstrls plrl as mxmoutnvas m l
    sntulëïa gan rmvmrtn`l.

    MERZMKL@AZM_
    Mssm trljlcfa mhoahtrl emcfarms oah`nëýms `m smr rmlcnzl`a
    rmlcnzl`a `m elhmnrl pclh
    elhmnrl  pclhmdl`
    mdl`ll qulh`a
    qulh `a a meprmkl`ar mstì
    mhtrm krlh`ms lkähonls `m oaeuhnolëïa, lkähonls `m rmclëýms pôjcnols (cmejrm-sm qum me euntas olsas mcls sm guh`me) m
    lssmssarnls
    Mclls `m
    Mc nhvneprmhsl
    nhvms tme `m(meprmsls
    mstme elhmn
    elhmnrl qum smlhmhtm
    rl  pmre `m`nole
     pmrelhmhtm memxocusnvlemhtm
    havas
    hava s  pra`utasla mrmclonahlemhta
     pra` utas sm
    smrv
    rvnëas oae darh
    oae  darhlcnst
    nëas `m oaeuhnolëïa
    oaeuhnolëï lcnstls
    als plrl
     pl`mrlrm`lëýms).
    a lssmssarl`a,
    nhvmstnh`a me sacuëýms tmohacÿknols qum nhmxnstme emsea `mhtra `ls prÿprnls rm`lëýms. A glta î qum ls lkähonls
    tarhlr
    tarhlrle-sm
    le-sm ol`l vmz elns sagnstnol`ls
    sagnstnol`ls m nhvmstme elns hl garelëïa
    garelëïa  pragn
     pragnssnah
    ssnahlc
    lc `as lssmss
    lssmssarmarmss `a qum a glzme ls
    meprmsls `m oaeuhnolëïa, praprnmtìrnls `m vmåoucas `m elssl.
    Lcîe `nssa, hls lkähonls vaoä vln oahvnvmr oae autras darhlcnstls m pragnssnahlns `m rmclëýms pôjcnols, smhtnh`a-sm
    leplrl`a m tmh`a la smu rm`ar lpana m mstruturl elnarms qum pa`mrïa smr lonahl`as me eaemhtas qum lssne a mxnknrme. Nssa
    hme smeprm
    smeprm aoar
    aoarrm
    rm qul
    qulh`a
    h`a vaoä ltul hl ìrml prÿpr
    prÿprnl
    nl `m oaeuhn
    oaeuhnolëï
    olëïaa `m uel meprmsl. Plhta î qum, hïa rlra, ls ar-
    klhnzl
    klhnzlëým
    ëýmss mho
    mhoaemh
    aemh`le
    `le âs lkäh
    lkähon
    onls
    ls ours
    oursas
    as msp
    mspmoå
    moågnoa
    gnoass saj
    sajrm
    rm jal
    jalss prìtn
    prìtnols
    ols `m lss
    lssmss
    mssarnl
    arnl,, vact
    vactl`a
    l`ass las guhonahìrnas.
    Oahtrltle lnh`l smrvnë
    smrvnëas
    as has qulns hïa nhvmstme nhtmrhlemhtm, oaea lhìcnsms `m hatno hatnonìrna.
    nìrna. Hmssm
    Hmssm olenhfa, ls lkähonls
    lprmh`me l aouplr jrmofls m l rmprmsmhtlr uel mxpmotltnvl
    mxpmotltnvl pragn
     pragnssnahlc
    ssnahlc emcfar  plrl a darhlc
    a  darhlcnstl.
    nstl.
    Els vaoä tlejîe pa`m
    tlejîe  pa`m sm meprmklr `nrmtlemhtm hls `nrmtarnls m kmrähonls `m oaeuhn oaeuhnolëïolëïaa au lssmssarnls
    lssmssarnls `m
    neprmh
    nep rmhsl
    sl prÿprnl
    prÿprnlss `m meprm
    meprmsls
    sls `l nhnonltnvl
    nhnonltnvl prnvl`l,
    prnvl`l, kavmrhas
    kavmrhas,, pacåtnoas,
    pacåtnoas, pmrsahlc
    pmrsahlcn`l`m
    n`l`ms,s, eavnemh
    eavnemhtas tas papuclr
    papuclrms,
    ms,
    snh`noltas
    snh`noltas m AHK_, mhtn`l`ms
    mhtn`l`ms rmprmsmhtl
    rmprmsmhtltnvls
    tnvls `m oclssm
    oclssm m autrl
    autrlss nhstntunëým
    nhstntunëýmss `l saonm`l`m onvn onvncc arklhnzl`l (oaea as
    ÿrkïas `m `mgmsl `a oahsuen`ar). _m mssl gar sul msoacfl, prmonslrì lprmh`mr l glzmr l `ngmrmhël hl meprmsl `a ocnmhtm.
    Prl
    Prltm
    tm `m aouplr
    aouplr ls jrmof
    lssmssarl`as. jrmofls
    ls qum mcm `mnxl
    `mnxl ljmrt
    ljmrtls
    ls.. @msmh
    @msmhvac
    vacvl
    vl sac
    sacuë
    uëýms
    ýms plrl
    plrl ls hmom
    hmomssn
    ssn`l`ms
    `l`ms mspmo
    mspmoågno
    ågnols
    ls `m smus
    smus
     

    OLRÅP]CA ¥<

    Rraom`nemhtas `m trljlcfa

    Me qulcq
    qulcqumr
    umr cuklr me qum vaoä trljlcfm oaea lssmssar `m neprmhsl m smdl qume gar smu ofmgm au smu meprmkl`ar,
    me lcku
    lckuee eaem
    eaemht htaa vaoä
    vaoä prprmo
    mons
    nslr
    lrìì `me
    `meahs
    ahstrl
    trlrr fljncn
    fljncn`l`
    `l`mm me cn cn`l
    `lrr oae
    oae pr prao
    aom`
    m`nem
    nemht
    htas
    as `m trljlc
    trljlcfa
    fa qum
    qum  dì garle
     pl`rahnzl`
     pl`ra hnzl`as
    as mhtrm
    mhtrm ls lkähonls `m oaeuhnolëïa ha Jrlsnc. Mcms garle ornl`as, me sul elnarnl, plrl qum l nhgarelëïa mhtrm l
    ls-smssarnl, a ocnmhtm m l neprmhsl smdl trlhsentn`l l`mqul`lemhtm.
    _ïa mssms praom`nemhtas, duhta oae a oarpa-l-oarpa hmomssìrna la trljlcfa `m `nvucklëïa, qum vïa ldu`ì-ca l
    mstl
    mstljm
    jmcm
    cmom
    omrr rmcl
    rmclëý
    ëýms
    ms oae
    oae l neprmhsl `m ea`a l passnjncn tlr a oueprne mhta `ls emtls mstlj mstljmcmcmo
    mon`l
    n`lss ha pclha
    pclha `m
    oaeuhnolëïa, qum î uel `ls prnemnrls gmrrlemhtls gmrrlemhtls qum vaoä prmonslrì lprmh`mr l uslr.
    Mhtrm ls gmrrlemhtls elns utncnzl`ls pmca lssmssar `m neprmhsl, mstïa  prmss intdaccaw ttp, elncnhk cnstXprmss
    cnstXprmss rmcmlsm
    rmcmlsm,, ocnppnhk,
    loaeplhflemht
    loaeplh flemhtaa ah ]hm,
    ]hm, emên
    emênl l trlnh
    trlnhnhk, warisfapss m wmjs
    nhk, warisfap ntms. As tmreas me nhkcäs
    wmjsntms. nhkcäs dì
     dì nhvl`nrl
    nhvl`nrle
    e a vaoljuc
    vaoljucìrna
    ìrna `l ltnvn`l`m.
    Pa`as mcms pa`mrnle smr trl`uzn`as plrl a partukuäs,par tukuäs, els as pragnssnahl ns nhsnstme me utncnzì-cas lssne.
    pragnssnahlns
    Garl mssms
    mssms tmreas qum `msnkhle
    `msnkhle lckuels lëýms lëýms jlstlhtm
    jlstlhtm oahfmon`
    oahfmon`ls,ls, fì lnh`l autras oahomntas rmclonahl`as l
    ltnvn`
    ltnvn`l`m
    l`mss oaoaepc
    epcmem
    memhtl
    htlrm
    rmss la trljlc
    trljlcfa
    fa `l lssms
    lssmssar
    sarnl
    nl `m neprmh
    neprmhslsl,, oaea
    oaea lu`nta
    lu`ntarnl
    rnl `m nelkm
    nelkme, e, emhsur
    emhsurlëï lëïaa `m
    rmsuctl`as m lhìcnsm mstrltîknol `m eå`nl. Hl elnar plrtm `as olsas, ls lkähonls `m oaeuhnolëïa vmh`me mssms smrvnëas â
     pl
     plrt
    rtmm m as
    a s jjltn
    ltnzle
    zle oae autra
    aut rass haems.
    hae ms.
     

    Mssm vaoljucìrna `mvm smr `aenhl`a par vaoä. Lhtms, ha mhtl


    mhtlhta,
    hta, `m mhtrlreas ha snkhngnol`a prìtnoa `m ol`l ue
    `mssms tmreas, î nepartlhtm qum vaoä oahfmël ue pauoa `l emta`acaknl `m trljlcfa qum ls lkähonls `m oaeuhnolëïa
    oastuele l`atlr plrl ol`l
    ol`l ocnmhtm. Hïa l nhtmrprmtm oaea ue elhulc l smr smkun`a â rnsol.
    \umra mxpar l vaoäs oarha krlh`m plrtm `ls lkähonls tme trljlcfl`a ltulcemhtm. Els sajrm mssl emta`acaknl
    vaoä `mvm neprnenr smu mstnca pmssalc. Nssa euntls vmzms glz l `ngmrmhël `l meprmsl m `a  pragnssnahlc
     pragns snahlc ha emrol`a. As
    oahomntas trl`nonahlns `mvme smrvnr oaea rmgmrähonl. L plrtnr `mcms î hmomssìrna sm jlsmlr me uel elhmnrl snhkuclr `m
    oaea arklhnzlr ls mqunpms m `m oaea lssnenclr l oucturl arklhnzlonahlc `m smu lssmssarl`a.
    Rlrl oaemëlr,
    oaemëlr, hïa pa`m glctlglctlrr ue pclh
    pclhaa `m oaeuhnolëïa
    oaeuhnolëïa plrl a ocnocnmht
    mhtm.
    m. _me nssa,
    nssa, vaoä oarrm
    oarrmrì
    rì a rns
    rnsoa
    oa `m
    nepcmemhtlr ltulëams
    smkunr ue ratmnra pmr`n`ls, nsacl`ls
    `ls smkunhtms tlrmgls4 m nhmgnolzms `nlhtm `as ajdmtnvas `a lssmssarl`a. L mcljarlëïa `m ue pclha pa`m

    wnnoa prmcn
     prmcnenhlr
    enhlr sajrm
     sajrm qume îa lssmssarl`a.  Hnhkuîe pa`m oaemëlr
    qume ue trljlcfa `m oaeuhnolëïa sme sljmr mxltlemhtm ls
    olrlotmråstnols `l ltnvn`l`m `l arklhnzlëïa, as prnhonplns o3 xhoarrmhtms, oaea mcl tme sm pasnonahl`a hl neprmhsl ltî a eaemhta m
    uel sîrnm `m autrls qumstýms qum `mvmrïa `lr a mejlslemhta hmomssìrna plrl pclhmdlr l mxpasnëïa `a lssmssarl`a. Hl farl `a
    `nlkhÿ
    `nlkhÿst
    stnoa
    noa,, l mq
    mqunpm
    unpm prmonsl jusol
    jusolrr nhgare
    nhgarelëým
    lëýmss oaepc
    oaepcmtls
    mtls sajrm a lssm
    lssmssarl
    ssarl`a,
    `a, `meahs
    `meahstrl
    trlh`a
    h`a l mcm l hmomssn`l`m `mssl
    lpurlëïa m l oahgnlhël `m qum mcls smrvme lpmhls plrl qum a pclhm pclhmdlemhta
    dlemhta smdl
    smdl emcfar
    emcfar mxmoutl`a
    mxmoutl`a m hïa
    hïa plrl
    plrl smrm
    smrme
    e `nvuck
    `nvuckl`l
    l`lss ‐ 
    â mxomëïa, oclra, `m `l`as qum `mvme smr tarhl`as pôjcnoas, smeprm oae l lpravlëïa `a ocnmhtm.
     Hmssm praomssa, hïa mspmrm mhoahtrlr ta`ls ls partls ljmrtls. Hl lssmssarn lssmssarnl,
    l, vaoä tlejîe lkm oaea rmpÿrtm
    rmpÿrtmr4
    r4
    mhtrmvnstl
    mhtrmvnstl pmss
    pmssals
    als,, oacfm `l`as,
    `l`as, pmsqu
    pmsqunsl
    nsl nhgare
    nhgarelëým
    lëýmss sajrm a smtar `m ltnvn`l`m `a ocnmhtm, nhvmstnkl grlqumzls m pahtas
    gartms `l arklhnzlëïa.
    ()s emcfarms trljlcfas `m `nlkhÿstnoa sïa lqumcms
    lqumcms qum klh
    klhfle
    fle mgmnta pracahkl`a. Kmrlcemhtm, a tmxta qum mxpým
    ta`ls ls prnemnrls nhgarelëýms ajtn`ls sm trlhsgarel elns tlr`m hue jlhoa `m `l`as qum mstlrì â eïa `l lssmssarnl m `m
    ta`l l arklhnzlëïa, oaea nhstruemhta `m pmsqunsl. Me `nls `m sugaoa sugaoa m `m krlh`m `melh`l `m nhgarelëýms pmcl
    nhgarelëýms pmcl neprmhsl, l
    lssmssarnl omrtlemh-
     

    tm `mvmrì rmoarrmr l mssm  jlhoa `m `l`as plrl klhflr lkncn`l`m hls rmspastls las darhlcnst
    las  darhlcnstls,
    ls, sme qum, plrl
    qum, plrl nssa,
    rmoar rmr havlemhtm l ol`l gahtm `mhtra `l arklhnzlëïa.
     prmonsm rmoarrmr
    •  Rrnemnrl rmuhnïa oae oocnmhtm,p
    cnmhtm,plrl
    lrl auv
    auvn-ca
    n-ca m lprmsmhtlrl
    lprmsmhtlrl mqunpm lssmssarms. Î
    mqunpm `m lssmssarms.
    qulh`a vaoä oaemël l mxmromr smu daka smu daka `m onhturl m sul fljncn`l`m
    `m rmclonahlemhtas.
    rmclonahlemhtas. _mdl pacåt
    _mdl pacåtnoa.
    noa. Oaemom l trmnhlr lsomh`ähonl sa
     jrm a ocnmhtm sajrm l qulc glcleas ha olpåtuca lhtmrnar. Mcm tme qum
    oahgnlr me vaoä `ms`m a prnemnra
    a prnemnra oahtlta. Olsa oahtrìrna, pa`mrì
    smhtnr nhsmkurlhël qulh`a vaoä gar la ofmgm plrl plrl pm`nr
     pm`nr nhgarelëýms
    oahsn`mrl`ls tljus `mhtra `l arklhnzlëïa. M vaoä pa`mrì mhoahtrlr 
    rmsnstähonls nhtmrhls plrl l lpcnolëïa `ls mstrltîknls `mgnhn`ls.
    •  @nlk
     @nlkhÿst
    hÿstnoa
    noa `l nnelkm
    elkmee `a ocnmhtm
    ocnm htm hl nneprm hsl. Lkarl î l vmz `m
    eprmhsl.
    lprnearlr ue pauoa elns a `nlkhÿstnoa
    `nlkhÿstnoa nhnonlc. Hms
    nhnonlc.  Hmssl
    sl gls
    glsm,m, l
     pmsqunsl
     pmsqu nsl sajrm oaea a lssmssarl`a mstì mxpasta hl eå`nl `mvm
    ljrlhkmr l nelkme `mstm la cahka `a tmepa m nh`nolr qum
    nhgcuähonls mcl sagrmu ha pmråa`a. Nssa pa`m
    Nssa  pa`m smr gmnta par emna
    `m uel lu`ntarnl `m nelkme mspmoågnol, qum tmhfl tmhfl jlsms
     jlsms mst
    mstltås
    ltås
    tnols elns sÿcn`ls. Mssm cmvlhtlemhta prmonsl mstlr `nrmtlemhtm
    rmclonahl`a âs nhgarelëýms qum a ocnmhtmocnmhtm plssa
     plssauu l vaoä hl prn
    emnrl rmuhnïa. Lssne vaoä pa`mrì sm nhgarelr emcfar oaea
    as ajdmtnvas prmtmh`n`as pmca lssmssarl`a pa`mrïa smr ltnhkn
    `as, oahgarem uel lvlcnlëïa elns rnkarasl `l rmomptnvn`l`m
    `l eå`nl las lssuhtas-oflvm `l arklhnzlëïa.
    ]el vmz oahocuå`l, mssl  pmsq  pm squn
    unsl
    sl smrì lprmsmhtl`l la lssmssarl`a. A rnkar `as rmsuctl`as gartlcmomrì lnh`l
    elns l oahgnlh
    oahgnlhël
    ël `l arklhnzlëïa ha trljlcfa trljlcfa `l mqunpm `m lssmssarnl, qum pravau, lssne, hïa mstlr plrtnh`a ruea la
    `msoahfmon`a.
    • _mkuh`l rmuhnïa oae a ocnmhtm, plrl sukmrnr passåvmns mstrltîknls. Ä farl
    `m vaoä eastrlr l qum vmna. Î farl tlejîe `m mu tm `nzmr qum hïa
    mxnstm ue rmomntuìrna `m mstrltîknls l smkunr. Me lssmssarnl `m ne
     prmhsl,, euntls vmzms vaoä sm mhoahtrlrì huel sntulëïa me qum tmrì
     prmhsl
    `m `mgnhnr rlpn`lemhtm qulc olenhfa msoacfmr. Hïa sajrlrì tmepa
     plrl pmsquns
    pmsq unslr
    lr oaea
    o aea as oahoa
    o ahoarrmh
    rrmhtms
    tms mstïa
    mstï a sm pasnonah
    pasn onahlh`a
    lh`a hl
    eå`nl, par mxmepca, plrl n`mhtngnolr oaea a smu lssmssarl`a `mvm
    rì lplrmomr. Els qulh`a fauvmr mssl apartuhn`l`m ‐ m smeprm fl
    vmrì tmepa plrl pmsqunslr a eåhnea passåvmc, sm vaoä saujmr trl
     jlcflr
     jlcflr saj prm
    prmssï
    ssïaa m dì mst
    mstnvm
    nvmrr ffljn
    ljntul
    tul`a
    `a oae a lss
    lssuht
    uhtaa me qumstïa ‐  ,
     

    tmhtm dustngnolr la lssmssarl`a ta`as as plssas sukmrn`as ha olepa `l oaeuhnolëïa. _m oahsmkunr oahvmhoä-ca, klhflrì
    elns ue pahta ha ha daka
     daka `l oahqunstl `l orm`njncn`l`m.
    Rlrl tlhta, vaoä `mvm lprmsmhtlr a qum pclhmdl plrl l nelkme `a lssm lssmssarl
    ssarl`a
    `a ‐ tlhttlhtaa me tmreas kmrlns qulhta me
    sntulëýms
    sntulëýms mspmoågnols
    mspmoågnols,, sm mcm mstnv
    mstnvmr
    mr plsslh`a par ue eaemhta eunta plrtn plrtnouclr,
    ouclr, oaea
    oaea uel orn ornsm.
    sm. Rrmonslnh`nolr lnh`l as
    lssuht
    lssuhtas
    as sasajr
    jrmm as qulns
    qulns a lsslssmssa
    mssarl`a
    rl`a pa`m sust sustmhtl
    mhtlrr l mxpa
    mxpasnëï
    snëïaa (oae
    (oaeaa rmsp
    rmspahsl
    ahsljncn`
    jncn`ll `m sao
    saonlc,
    nlc, orm
    ormson
    sonemh
    emhta,
    ta, hava
    havass
     pra`utas, prakrlels pôjcnoas l smrme clhël`as mhtrm autras, `mpmh`mh`a `l hlturmzl `l ltnvn`l-`m). A n`mlc î qum mssl
    nelkm
    nel kme
    e sm smdl
    dl trlj
    trljlcfl
    lcfl`l`l `m elhm
    elhmnrlnrl pcmhl, hïa sm cne cnentlh
    ntlh`a
    `a l ue tmel mspmoågno
    mspmoågnoa.
    a. L pmr pmrkuht
    kuhtll î4 oaea l arklhnzlëïa
     prmtmh`m smr rmoahfmon`l1 Eunta pravlvmcemht
    pravlvmcemhtm, m, mssm rmoahfmonemhta hïa sm sustmhtl oae gltarms nsacl`as. Rartlhta, a
     pclhmdlemhta `mvm nh`nolr as ajdmtnvas
    a jdmtnvas l smrme lcolhël`as.
    Lcîe `nssa, ontm tlejîe ls tìtnols l smrme utncnzl`ls m ls `nrmtrnzms l smrme pmrsmkun`ls. Ls emhslkmhs-oflvm `l
    arklhnzlëïa `mvme lplrmomr hmssm ntme. Waoä `mvm sljmr, par mxmepca, oaea ldu`lr a lssmssarl`a l sm pasnonahlr oaea
    nepartlhtm
    nepart lhtm kmrl`ar
    kmrl`ar `m mepr meprmkas
    mkas,, oae
    oaeaa mgno
    mgnonmh
    nmhtm
    tm kms
    kmstar
    tar `m pac
    pacåtno
    åtnols
    ls pôjcn
    pôjcnols
    ols (ha ols olsaa `m kavm
    kavmrhas
    rhas)) au oaea l
    arklhnzlëïa hïa-kavmrhlemhtlc
    hïa-kavmrhlemhtlc elns mspmonlcnzl
    mspmonlcnzl`l `l ha rlea me qum ltul. •  Zmuh  Zmuhnïa
    nïa  gnhlc plrl vnljn
    vnljncnzlr
    cnzlr a pclha
    pclha `m lëïa.
    lëïa.
    Mstljmc
    Mstljmcmon
    mon`ls
    `ls ls `nrm
    `nrmtrnzms  prnhonp
    trnzms  prnhonplns,
    lns, vaoä `mvm nh`nol
    nh`nolrr as emnas plrl lcolhlcolhëì-cls.
    ëì-cls. Nssa nhocun
    nhocun,, par mxmepca, as vmåoucas `m
    oaeuhnolëïa l smrme praourl`as m as darhlcnstl
    as  darhlcnstlss l smrme ljar`l`as. Au smdl, mhtrleas has tmreas prìtnoas. Pu`a nssa `mvm smr 
    mxmoutl`a hue prlza prî-`mtmrenhl`a, oahgarem ls prnarn ls  prnarn`l`ms
    `l`ms `l
    ` l arklhnzlëïa
    arklh nzlëïa ha eaemhta.
    A  pclha `m lëïa prmvä lnh`l l `nstrnjunëïa `m tlrmgls m as nhs nhstrue
    truemht
    mhtas
    as utncnzl`as.
    utncnzl`as. Hls
     Hls lkähonls `m oaeuhno
    oaeuhnolëïa,
    lëïa,
    mssls lëýms smkume ue orahak orahakrlel
    rlel råkn`a m sïa mxmoutl`ls sa sajj l supmrvnsïa `m ue oaar`mhl`ar au `m ue `nrmtar `m
    oahtls, qum sm rmpartl `nlrnlemhtm la ocnmhtm.

    NH_PZ]EMHPA_ @A @NL-L-@NL
    Lprmsmhta l vaoäs lckuels `msornëýms sajrm as prn
    as  prnhon
    honpln
    plnss nhst
    n hstru
    ruemh
    emhtas
    tas `m trljlcfa utncnzl`as fadm me
    lssmssarnl `m neprmhsl. Ol`l
     

    ue tme sul nepartêhonl m sul guhëïa. Lnh`l qum hïa mxnstl ea`mca `m mstrltîknl l smkunr, vaoä tmrì elns
    fljncn`l`m me pclhmdlr l oaeuhnolëïa plrl smu lssmssarl`a sm oaeprmmh`mr oae oclrmz
    oclrmzll l cÿknol mxnstmhtm par 
    mxnstmhtm  par 
    trìs `m ol`l uel `mssls gmrrlemhtls.

    R ZM__
    ZM__ I NP 
    NP 

    Î uel plstl au ue lrqunva mcmtrðhnoa oahtmh`a as tmxtas prnhon


    tmxtas  prnhonplns
    plns sa
    sajr
    jrmm a lss mss ar
    arl`
    l`a,
    a, a oah
    oahdu
    duht
    htaa
    `m nhgarelëýms jìsnols sajrm sul  pmrgare lhom, sul ltnvn`l`m, smu fnstÿrnoa, nhsmrëïa ha smkemhta, åh`noms `m
     pmrgarelhom,
    `msmepmhfa (glturlemhta, caolns me qum ltul, smtarms las qulns sm `m`nol mto), lëýms `m rmspahsljncn`l`m saonlc
    m autras. _ïa nhgarelëýms pl`rahnzl`ls plrl smrme `nstrnjuå`ls â neprmhsl hls aolsnýms `m oacmtnvls, mhtrmvnstls
    nh`nvn`ulns m `melns `nvucklëýms, oaea eltmrnlc `m lpana.
    Lckuhs vmåoucas `m oaeuhnolëïa pujcnole hl åhtmkrl as tmxtas `a  prsss int (au /gm/plrl l neprmhsl). Mssl
    hïa î sul guhëïa. A ajdmtnva `l lssms
    lssmssarnl
    sarnl î lprmsmhtlr
    lprmsmhtlr nhgarelëýms
    nhgarelëýms ajdmtnvls sajrm a lssmssarl`a. Mstls pa`me
    smr utncnzl`ls plrl oaepcmemhtlr m plrl oahtmxtulcnzlr as lrtnkas pra`uzn`as pmcas rmpÿrtmrms hls rm`lëýms.
    Els hïa täe a ajdmtnva `m pujcnolëïa.
    pujcnolëïa.
    L nepartêho
    nepartêhonlnl `a  prmss int rmsn`m
    rmsn`m ha gltgltaa `m mcm dì lprmsmht
    lprmsmhtlrlr l ar`me `as msoclrmon
    msoclrmonemht
    emhtasas qu
    qumm a
    lssmssarl`a prmtmh`m trlhsentnr â neprmhsl. \ulh`a î prmplrl`a plrl smr `nstrnjuå`a `urlhtm oacmtnvls `m
    neprmhsl, î ue nepartlhtm lpana plrl qum ls mhtrmvnstls gcule em cfar. @mssl @mssl garel, as rmpÿrtmrm
    rmpÿrtmrmss tmrïa elns
    sujså`nas plrl
    sujså`nas  plrl oah`uznr
    oa h`uznr ls pmrku
    p mrkuhtls
    htls la par
    la  partl-v
    tl-vaz
    az `l
    ` l arklhn
    ar klhnzlëïa
    zlëïa.. As
    A s `ans
    `a ns cl`as
    c l`as slme klhf
    klhflhlh`a4
    `a4 l neprmhsl,
     parqum
     parq um tme nhga
    nhgarelë
    relëýms
    ýms elns oaep
    oaepcmtl
    cmtlss me eïas m pa`m nhvmstnr
    nh vmstnr me qumstýms
    qumst ýms qum duckl prnarntìr
    duckl  prnarntìrnls
    nls `urlhtm
    `u rlhtm l
    mhtrmv
    mhtrmvnst
    nstl9
    l9 l arklhnz
    arklhnzlëïa,
    lëïa, parqum tme elns oflhomsoflhoms `m tmr nhgarelëýms
    nhgarelëýms oarrmtls vmno vmnoucl`l
    ucl`lss sajrm sn has
    emnas `m oaeuhnolëïa
    oaeuhnolëïa..
    GACCA[ ]R 

    Î l lëïa qum vnsl ajtmr rmtarha, par tmcmgahm, `a mhvna `m  prm ss rm/mlsms, `nstrnjunëïa `m eltmrnlc `m
    lpan
    lpanaa au `m oahvaolëïa `m oacmtnvls duhta â neprmhsl. Mvntm smeprm pm`nr mssm rmtarha has farìrnas `m
    gmoflemhta `ls m`nëýms, lpÿs ls <; farls, qulh`a `ngnoncemhtm a darhlcnstl pa`m auvn-ca.
     

    Kmrlcemhtm, as darhlcnstls hls rm`lëýms a`mnle ltmh`mr tmcmgahmels `m lssmssarms qum pmrkuhtle sm mcm rmomjmu a
    eltmrnlc `m `nvucklëïa. Gnole lnh`l elns nrl`as sm a lssmssar, me sul nhmxpmrnähonl, qumr sljmr sm a eltmrnlc smrì pujcnol`a.
    Arl,
    Arl, rm
    rmil
    ilsmsmss hïa sïa pujcnol `as  ‐  dì rmssl
    pujcnol`as rmsslctleas
    ctleas nssa. Lcîe `a quä, qulcqumr `monsïa `m pujcnolëïa oljm la m`ntar 
    rmspahsìvmc par ol`l smëïa. M sul `monsïa`monsïa `mpmh`mrì
    `mpmh`mrì `l rmcmvêhonl
    rmcmvêhonl `a tmel, `ls gahtms `l arklhnzlëïa `nspahåvmns plrl
    `lr mhtrmvnstls,
    mhtrmvnstls, `l mxocusnvn`l`
    mxocusnvn`l`mm `l nhgarelëïa
    nhgarelëïa agmrtl`l, `as msplëas
    msplëas mxnstmhtms plrl l vmnou
    vmnouclëïa
    clëïa.. @mpans `nssa, l
    `monsïa plssl par uel fnmrlrqunl `m pa`mr `m `monsïa `mhtra `ls rm`lëýms, ltî qum l plclvrl gnhlc smdl `l`l.
    @mssl garel, dlelns pmël l ue rmpÿrtmr au m`ntar qum klrlhtl l vmnouclëïa `m `mtmrenhl`l hatåonl qum vaoä tmhfl
     plssl`a. _mrì nhôtnc ‐ lcîe `m lhtnpìtnoa  ‐ pm`nr
     ‐  pm`nr mssl klrlhtnl. _m vaoä tnvmr uel nhgarelëïa
    nhgarel ëïa mxocusnvl, tme a `nrmnta `m
    sljmr sm mstl nhtmrmssl la darhlcnstl, plrl qum, mhtïa, vaoä passl au hïa rmplssì-cl plrl autra vmåouca.
    @m rmst
    rmsta,
    a, utncnzm-s
    utncnzm-sm,
    m, `a  gaccaw up oaea garel `m sm omrtngnolr sm l emhslkme mhvnl`l (par m-elnc, oarrmna au me
    eïas) rmlcemhtm
    rmlcemhtm ofmkau la `mstnhltìrna oarrmta. Els Els dlelns
     dlelns  plrl tmhtlr uel nhsmrëïa klrlhtn`l `ls nhgarelëýms qum vaoä
    trl
    trlhse
    hsentn
    ntnuu l vìrnas
    vìrnas pragnssn
    pragnssnahl
    ahlns
    ns la emsea
    emsea tmepa.
    tmepa. Lckuhs
    Lckuhs darhlcnstl
    darhlcnstlss oastuele
    oastuele rmomjmr
    rmomjmr `mzmhls
    `mzmhls `m tmxtas
    tmxtas `ls
    lssmssarnls
    lssms Kmrlcemhtm, hïa täe tmepa  plrl cmr ta`as. Lssne, hïa pmromjme l nepartêhonl
    sarnls `m neprmhsl ta`as as `nls. Kmrlcemhtm,
    qum a smu rmcmlsm passl tmr. Rartlhta, cmejr ì-ca.. M  plrl nssa smrvm a  gacc
    Rart lhta, î jae cmejrì-ca  gaccaw
    aw up.
    up .

    E  LNCNHK CN_P 

    Prltl-sm `m uel cnstl qum oahtîe


    Prltl-sm oahtîe l rmclëïa
    rmclëïa `as vmåoucas
    vmåoucas m `as darhl
    darhl cnstls oahtltl`as plrl `nvucklëïa, oae `l`as
     jìsnoas,
     jìsn oas, oaea a haem
    ha em oaepcmta, olrka, m`ntarnl,
    m`nt arnl, hôemra tmc mgahm m glx, m-elnc m mh`mrmëa.
    hôe mra `m tmcmgahm
    A emcfar elncnhk î lqumcm ltulcnzl`a
    ltulcnzl`a `nlrnlemhtm
    `nlrnlemhtm pmca lssmssar.
    lssmssar. Mcm pa`mrì, `mssl garel, nhocunr hl cnstl as haems `m `m
     darhlcnstls
     darhlc nstls qum täe pujcnol`a
    pujcn ol`a eltîrnls
    eltîr nls sajrm a lssmssarl`a
    lssmss arl`a au sajrm ìrmls `m nhtmrmssm.
    nhtmr mssm. Rlrl
    Rlr l nss
    nssa,
    a, jlstl
    jls tl loaepl
    loa eplhfl
    hflrr a
    oahduhta `m eltîrnls vmnoucl`ls
    vmnoucl`ls m rmkns
    rmknstrl
    trl`l
    `lss pmcl
    pmcl mstrutu
    mstruturl
    rl `m ocnp
    ocnppnh k `a ocnmhtm. Rrmstm ltmhëïa
    pnhk ltmhëïa hmssms darhlcnstls,
    tmcmgahm plrl mcms, sm lprmsmhtm, pmrkuhtm sm qumrme smr nh-
     

    garel`
    gar el`asas  pmr
     pmrna
    na`n
    `nole
    olemht
    mhtmm sa
    sajrm
    jrm ls ltnvn`
    ltn vn`l`m
    l`m s `m smu lssmss
    lss mss arl `a m me qul
    qulns
    ns onrou
    onrouhstêho
    hstêhonls.
    nls. L  plrtnr `mssl
    oahsuctl `nìrnl vì ltulcnzlh`a smu elncnhk. _m vaoä ltmh`m l ue ocnmhtm, par mxmepca, `a smtar `m tmcmoaeuhnolëýms,
     prmonslrì
     prmon oaepa r ue elncnhk oae as haems `as  prnhon
    slrì oaepar  prn honpln
    plnss rmpÿrtmrms m m`ntarms qum oajrme mssl ìrml. Rlrl garelr 
    tmcmgahlr plrl
    mssls cnstls, âs vmzms a lssmssar tme `m rmlcnzlr a trljlcfa rmpmtntnva `m tmcmgahlr  plrl ls rm`lëýms
    rm`lëý ms m  jusol
     jusolrr tta`as
    a`as as `l`as
    ` l`as
    `lqumcm
    `lqu mcm darhlcns tl  plrl gutur
    darhlcnstl guturas
    as oahtltas.
    oahtltas. A eln
    elncnh k  prmonsl nhocunr ls rmvnstls mspmonlcnzl`ls,
    cnhk mspmonlcnzl`ls, as vmåoucas `m onrouclëïa
    hlonahlc m rmknahlc, as oaemhtlrnstls `m rì`na m PW  m lssne par `nlhtm.
    Ls krlh`ms lkähonls `m oaeuhnolëïa m rmclëýms pôjcnols lssnhle elncnhk cnsts mcmtrðhnoas `m meprmsls mspmonlcnzl`ls
    hmssl ltnvn`l`m, oaea a Elxprmss m a Oaeuhnqum-sm. Els mssls cnstlkmhs `mvme smrvnr lpmhls oaea rmgmrähonl.

    R ZM__
    ZM__ ZMCML_M 

    M A såejaca
    såejaca par
     par mxomc
    mxomcähonl
    ähonl `l lssmssarnl `m neprmhsl. Ornl`a par Nvy Cmm, a "pln" `ls rmclëýms pôjcnols m `l
    lssmssarnl
    lssmss arnl `m neprmhsl,
    neprmhsl, snkhngnol "nhgarelëïa cnjmrl`l plrl l neprmhsl".
    A  prnemnra plrìkrlga `a  prmss rmcmlsm `mvm oahomhtrlr ls nhgarelëýms qum vaoä pujcnolrnl, olsa mstnvmssm ha cuklr 
    `a rmpÿrtmr au m`ntar. Rmhsm me vaoä `a autra cl`a `a jlcoïa, oae l enssïa `m rm`nknr au vmnouclr ue tmxta. Rmhsm ha qum
    î hatåonl, ha qum î hava, ha qum î `m nhtmrmssm `m ue elnar hôemra `m cmntarms.
    @mpans `m lhuhonl`a a tmel prnhonplc, a  prm
     prmss
    ss rmcmlsmm `mvm trlzmr nhgarelëýms sajrm l arklhnzlëïa, mhtn`l`m au meprmsl
    rmcmls
    qum mstì par trìs `lqumcl
    `lqum cl vmnouclë
    vmnouclëïa
    ïa mspmoåg
    mspmoågnol, `m ea`a l `lr orm`njncn`l`m m sustmhtlëïa â `nvucklëïa.
    nol, `m
    Cmejrm-sm
    Cmej rm-sm44  prmss rmcmlsm hïa î  gac`mr `m praplklh`l. As `l`as lprmsmhtl`as täe oaea ôhnoa ajdmtnva ldu`lr a
     darhlcnstl l sm plutlr. Plejîe hïa î hatåonl,
    hat åonl, parqum smrvm plrl nhgarelr
    nhgar elr m hïa plrl smr pujcnol`a.
    ]el jal `nol î oahomhtrlr, caka ha prnemnra plrìkrlga, ls nhgarel ëým ëýmss qum oah`uz
    oah`uzme
    me la qume, a quä, ah`m, qulh`a,
    ls pmrkuh
    oaea,parquämplrl quä, au smdl, ls pmrkuhtls
    tls jìsnols
    jìsnols qum
    qum `nrmonahle
    `nrmonahle ue tmxta nhgareltn
    nhgareltnva.
    va. Cmejrm-sm
    Cmejrm-sm qum
    qum a orntîrna `a jae
    jae rmcmlsm
    î l havn`l`m au, elns prmonslemhtm, a "klhofa"
     

     darhlcåstnoa. Ls nhgarelëýms
    nhgarelëýms `mvme
    `mvme smr lprmsmhtl`ls oclrl, oahonsl m me ar`me `m nepartêhonl ‐
    lprmsmhtl`ls `m garel oclrl, nepartêhonl ‐ `l elnar
     plrl l emhar. ]e farl  prmss rmcmlsm `mvm lprmsmhtlr as smkunhtms ntmhs4
    farl prmss

    • _ mr rm`nkn`a oaea sm gassm uel eltîrnl darhlcåstnol, oae a


     plrì
     pl rìkr
    krlg
    lgaa nh
    nhno
    nonl
    nlcc oa
    oaht
    htmh
    mh`a
    `a ls pmrkuhtls jì
    pmrkuhtls  jìsnsnol
    olss (garelh`a a
    gleasa cml`), tåtuca, sujtåtuca au cnhfl gnhl.
    • Rr
    Rrnenelr
    lr pmc
     pmcll oclrmzl, oahonsïa m oarrmëïa krleltnolc (mrras `m
    cåhkul partukumsl sïa nhoahomjåvm
    nhoahomjåvmns!).
    ns!).
    • _mr rm`nkn`
    rm`nkn`aa oae plclvr
    plclvrls
    ls snepcms, grlsms m plrìkrlgas ourtas.
    • Oahtm
    Oahtmrr ha eìxnea
    eìxnea `uls
    `uls pìknhls.
    pìknhls.
    • Prlz
    Prlzmr mr oae
    oae `mstl
    `mstlqum
    qum `ltls m caolns `as mvmhtas `nvuckl`as.
    • Pmr as haems `m meprmsls,
    meprmsls, part
     partl-v
    l-vazm
    azmss m cao
    caolns
    lns mso
    msornta
    rntass oarr
    oarrmtl
    mtlemh
    emhtm.
    tm.
    • @mstlolr oahtltas `l `l lssmssarnl
    lssmssarnl `m neprmhsl.
    • Prlz
    Prlzmr mr a cakat
    cakatnpa
    npa `l lssmssarnl m `l arklhnzlëïa.
    • _m
    _mrr `lt
    `ltl`
    l`a.a.

    A rmcml sm `mvm lnh`l l`mqulr-sm ì m`ntarnl m la vmåouca-lcva `l `nvucklëïa. Gnol pranjn`a "ltnrlr plrl qulcqumr cl`a",
    rmcmlsm
    elh`lh`a a tmxta plrl `ngmrmhtms m`ntarnls
    m`ntarnls `mhtra `m ue emsea vmåouca, l hïa smr qulh`a a lssuhta, `m elhmnrl oaepravl`l,
    nhtmrmsslr l elns `m ue smkemhta.
     Hmssl fnpÿtmsm, a  prmss rmcmlsm `mvm smr "pmrs
    "pmrsahlcn
    ahlcnzl`a"
    zl`a".. Nssa snkhngnol qum a tmxta `mvm smr ea`ngnol`a `m loar`a
    oae a nhtmrmssm prnhonplc `l m`ntarnl
    m`ntarnl plr
     plrll qume
    q ume vao
    vaoää a mhvn
    mhvnl.
    l.
    Waoä pa`m tlejîe mhvnlr a `aouemhta plrl as darhlcnstls lpmhls plrl qum mcms, oaea garel`arms `m apnhnïa, taeme
    oahfmonemhta
     pragnssnahlns sm`amcms
     pragnssnahlns lssuhta. Els `m
    kastlrnle glëlrmomjmr
    nssa saemhtm
    rmomjm r a tmxtaoae qume
    hmssl
    hmssls vaoä
    vaoä dì
    s onrou  dì onls.
    onrouhstêh tmhfl
    hstêhonls oahtlta
    . @a m, lnh`l
    oahtrìrna,
    oahtrìrna, lssne,
    smrïa `anspmrkuhtm prmvnlemhtm
    trljlcfas
    trljlcfas l mssmsa
    `mshmomssìrnas4
    smu, `m lpmrtlr ue jatïa
    ue jatïa plrl
     plrl qum a m-elnc smdl
    smdl mhvnl`a, m a `mcms, `m `mcmtì-ca, sme smqumr ljrnr plrl vmr `a qum sm trltl.
    A rmcmlsm î usl`a jls
    jlsnolem
    nolemhtm
    htm qulh`a ls lssmssarn
    lssmssarnls
    ls prmonsle
    prmonsle pucvmrnzlr
    pucvmrnzlr nhgar
    n hgarelëý
    elëýmsms l smrme `nvuckl`ls plrl ue hôemra
    elnar `m vmåoucas `m oaeuhnolëïa. Î a olsa, par mxmepca, `l `nvucklëïa `m jlclhëas gnhlhomnras `m meprmsls `m olpntlc ljmrta,
    `a clhëlemhta `m prakrlels
    `m prakrlels pôjcnoas
     pôjcnoas par `mtmrenh
    `mtmrenhl`a
    l`a ÿrkïa `m kavmrha, `l ljmrturl `m oleplhfls `m lrrmol`lëïa
     

     plrl AHK_, mhtrm


    mhtrm autrls
    autrls sntu
    sntulëý
    lëýms.
    ms. \ulh`
    \ulh`aa a ajd
    ajdmtn
    mtnva
    va î pls
    plssl
    slrr l ue darhlc
    darhlcnst
    nstll uel nhgar
    nhgarelëïa
    elëïa mxocusnvl,
    mxocusnvl, a n`mlc î
    mholenhflr l mcm ue tmxta nhgarelc, oahtlh`a `a qum sm trltl m lrkuemhtlh`a l glvar `a nhtmrmssm pôjcnoa `mstm. L plrtnr `lå, a
     darhlcnstl pa`mrì lvlcnlr oaea ljar`lr a tmel (sm, `m glta, loflr qum mcm rmh`m uel eltîrnl). Hmssm olsa, vlcme eunta elns ls
    nhgare
    nhgarelëýms
    lëýms rmplssl`ls
    r mplssl`ls l mcm,
    mcm , lnh`l
    l nh`l qum `m elhmnrl
    e lhmnrl elns snepcms
    snepcms,, `a
    ` a qum
    q um l gar
    garelt
    eltlë lëïa
    ïa me
    me ue tmx
    tmxta
    ta prah
    prahta
    ta ‐ ol
    olsa
    sa ìaprmss
    rmilsm.

    E M@NL
    M@NL PZLNHNHK

    Prltl-sm `m trmnhlemhta mspmoågnoa agmrmon`a pmcls lssmssarnls las ocnmhtms, l gne `m prmplrì-cas plrl ltmh`mr â
    neprmhsl.
    @urlhtm ue em`nl trlnhnhk,
    trlnhnhk, as lssmssarl`as plssle par lucls tmÿrnols m prìtnols. Lprmh`me l cn`lr oae enoragahms m
    oêemrls, l n`mhtngnolr a qum î hatåonl, l smrme ajdmtnvas, oclras m `nrmtas. Mhgne, lprmh`me l glclr oae a darhlcnstl me cnhkulkme
     darhlcåstnol.
     darhlcåstnol.
    Mssms trmnhlemhtas pa`me smr pahtulns, rmlcnzl`as pmcl prÿprnl lssmssarnl, au elns mcljarl`as m oaepcmtas,
    enhnstrl`as par pragnssnahlns mspmonlcnzl`as hl guhëïa.
    Lqun tlejîe vlcm pahtulr omrtls oahtravîrsnls mxnstmhtms sajrm l vlcn`l`m `a em`nl trlnhnhk. Rlrl a trljlcfa `ls
    lssmssarnls, hïa fì `ôvn`l `m qum a trmnhlemhta jme `nrnkn`a `m ue pattl-vaz ldu`l l arklhnzlëïa l sm pasnonahlr oae
    elns orm`njncn`
    orm`njncn`l`m
    l`m pmrlhtm l eå`nl
    eå`nl.. East
    Eastrl
    rl sm kurlh
    kurlhël
    ël hls nhgarelëýms
    nhgarelëýms trlhs
    trlhsentn`l
    entn`ls.
    s. Rlssl tlejîe l vlcar
    vlcarnzlr
    nzlr l ne-
     partêhonl `l oaeuhnolëïa kmstulc m `l mhtahlëïa `l vaz ‐ qum, euntls vmzms, `nzme elns `a qum plclvrls.
    Els dì
    Els  dì olhsmn `m auvnr ls oråtnols `m omrtas rmpÿrtmrms qum lrkuemhtle smr a em`nl trlnhnhk lpmhls elns ue emna
     plrl mhsnhlr a partl-vaz l hïa `lr la darhlc
    darhlcnstl
    nstl l nhgare
    nhgarelëïa
    lëïa qum rmlcemh
    rmlcemhtm
    tm nhtmrms
    nhtmrmssl
    sl vmnouc
    vmnouclr.
    lr. Arl, lrrlholr nhgarelëýms
     prmonasls ‐ m snkncasls  ‐ `ls gahtms î tlrmgl `as rmpÿrtmrms. M as  jahs hïa prmon prmonsle
    sle `m lrtn
    lrtnelhfl
    elhfls,s, hme sm lpanle has
     plssass me glcsa qum ue au autra partl
     plssa autra  partl-vaz
    -vaz `ì `urlh
    `urlhtm
    tm uel mhtrm vns
    vnstl.
    tl. As  jah
     jahss emsea täe suls gahtms m nhvmstnkle l
    nhgarelëïa.
    A em`nl trlnhnhk
    trlnhnhk ldu`l a  partl-vaz l hïa olnr has lrtngåonas qum as rmp
    rmpÿrtmrm
    ÿrtmrmss usle plrl lrrlholr uel nhgarelëïa.
    Els ldu`l vìrnas autras
    autras darhlcnstls
     darhlcnstls l tmrme, `urlhtm ls mhtrmvnstls, nhgarelëýms trlhsentn`ls oae oclrmzl m oahgnlhël. M î
    nssa a qum sm jusol huel gahtm, hïa î emsea1
     

    [AZI_FAR_

    _uknra smeprm l rmlcnzlëïa `m smenhìrnas m  plcms


     plcmstrls
    trls sajrm tmels `nvmrsas, oae a ajdmtnva `m luxncnlr a lssmssarl`a l
    oahfmomr elns `mtlcfms `as lssuhtas rmclonahl`as â neprmhsl m `m autras, hmomssìrnas plrl luemhtlr a krlu `m oahfmonemhta
    sajrm as tmels qum nhtmrmssle las darhlcnstls.
     Hl elna
    elnarr  plrtm `ls vmzms,
    vmzms, as ocnmht
    ocnmhtms
    ms `melh`le
    `melh`le oursas eunta mspmoågnoas,
    mspmoågnoas, oahga
    oahgarem
    rem a eaemhta
    eaemhta  pmca qulc mstïa
     plsslh`a
     plsslh `a ha eaemhta. Me ÿrkïas `m kavmrha, par mxmepca, mxmepca, mxnstm `melh`l plrl
    `melh`l  plrl l ljar`lkme `ls emcfarms prìtnols plrl
    prìtnols plrl l
    oaeuhnolëïa hl ìrml pôjcnol.
    ìrml pôjcnol. Me lckuels meprmsls, î krlh`m a nhtmrmssm par oursas sajrm `nvucklëýms gnhlhomnrls.
    Mspmongnon`l`ms â  plrtm, î passåv
    passåvmcmc cnstlr as prakrl
    prakrlelsels oahsn`mrl`as
    oahsn`mrl`as elns oaeuhs.
    oaeuhs. Mcms ljar`le, par mxmepca, l
    nepa
    nepart
    rtêh
    êhon
    onll m l guhëï
    guhëïaa `m uel ls lssm
    smss
    ssarn
    arnll `m nepr
    neprmhmhsl
    sl99 qume
    qume sïa m oae
    aeaa mstï
    mstïaa mstru
    mstrutur
    turl`
    l`as
    as as krlh
    krlh`m
    `mss kr
    krup
    upas
    as `m
    oaeuhnolëïa ha Jrlsnc9 l oahduhturl moahÿenol mm pacåtnol pacåtnol m l mstruturl `a snstmel plrtn`ìrna
    snstmel  plrtn`ìrna  jrlsncmnra (hmssm olsa, plrl
    meprmsls euctnhlonahlns m mxmoutnvas rmoîe-ofmkl`as la plås)9 mhtrm autras.
    @m loar`a oae l oah`uëïa `mssms warisfaps, mcms sm tarhle ue olhlc nepartlhtm plrl mstrmntlr as rmclonahlemhtas mhtrm
    l mq
    mqun
    unpm
    pm `l ls
    lssm
    smss
    ssar
    arnl
    nl m as `nrnkmh
    `nrnkmhtm
    tmss `l arkl
    arklhnzl
    hnzlëïa
    ëïa.. Pa`a
    Pa`ass pls
    plssle
    sle l tmr oahfmonemhtas elns lgnhl`as sajrm a plpmc `l
    oaeuhnolëïa m `l neprmhsl. Parhle-sm elns `nspastas l nhtmkrlr l mstruturl `m oaeuhnolëïa âs nhstêhonls `m tael`l `m `monsïa.

    O CNRRNHK
    CNRRNHK

    Zmôhm eltîrnls vmnoucl`ls, `m nhtmrmssm `a lssmssarl`a. Ldu`l l lvlcnlr l mxpasnëïa `as oahoarrmhtms m `a smtar `m
    ltulëïa, mvn`mhonl l nelkme `a ocnmhtm hl eå`nl, oae ls `mvn`ls`mvn`ls pmro
     pmrompëý
    mpëýms
    ms `m qulh`a m par qum mcl sm lctmrl.
    M  prltnolemh
     prltnolemhtm
    tm kmhmrlcnzl`l
    kmhmrlcnzl`l l neprmssïa `m qum a ocnppnhk î emrl ltn-vn`l`m `m oacmtl `m tmxtas. Mssm trljlcfa, ha
     plssl`a,
     plssl` a, mrl oahguh`n`
    oahgu h`n`aa oae l lutaeìtnol apmrlëïa `m rmoartm m oaclkme `m plclvrls. Fadm, mcm o eunta elns mstrltîknoa,
    sm tnvmr ue omrta krlu `m sagnstnolëïa.
    Krlh`ms
    Krlh `ms oarparlëý
    oarparlëýmsms jrlsncm
    jrlsncmnrls
    nrls täe usl`a
    usl`a a ocnpp nhk  plrl eahntarlr l mxpasnëïa,
    ocnppnhk mxpas nëïa, `mhtra
    `mhtr a m garl `a plås, `m
    `mtmrenhl`ls
    `mtmrenhl `ls meprmsls
    meprmsls qum pa`me sm tarhlrtarhlr ocnmhtm
    ocnmhtms,
    s, plrom
    plromnrl
    nrlss au oahoar
    oahoarrmh
    rmhtm
    tms.
    s. L plrtn
    plrtnrr `m uel lhìcnsm
    lhìcnsm `mt
    `mtlcfl
    lcfl`l
    `l `a
     pasnonahlemhta `mssls meprmsls, î passåvmc rmvmr
    r mvmr a pclha `m hmkÿonas m nhtmrprmtlr emcfar ls tmh`ähonls `a smtar.
     

    Els nssa sÿ smrì passåvmc sm a ocnppnhk, oaea gmrrlemhtl tîohnol, tlejîe gar jme gar  jme mstruturl`
    mstru turl`a.
    a. Rlrl tlhta, prmonsl
    tmr ljrl
    ljrlhkä
    hkähonl
    honl hlo
    hlonah
    nahlc
    lc m nhtm
    nhtmrhlo
    rhlonahl
    nahlc,
    c, lcîe `m `melh`lr
    `melh`lr rmo
    rmoursa
    ursass tmo
    tmohacÿ
    hacÿkno
    knoas
    as qum rmlcemhtm
    rmlcemhtm  passnjncntme a usa
    gloncntl`a
    glonc ocnmhtm, lpanl`a hl nhtmrhmt (dì plssau `l farl `m ljlh`ahlr a mxomssa `m plpîns!)
    ntl`a pmca ocnmhtm, `m  plpîns!) m hls trlhsenssýms
    trlhsens sýms `m
    hatåonl
    hatå onlss me tmepa rmlc. L lkncn`l`
    lkncn`l`mm î autr
    autraa prî-rmq
    prî-rmqunsn
    unsnta
    ta `a ocnppnhk m qum `mvm smr utncnzl`l mstrltmknolemhtm pmcls
    ocnppnhk
    arklhnzlëýms, `m elhmnrl qum qum passle
     passle taelr `monsýms rìpn`ls plrl mvntlr l rmpmroussïa hmkltnvl `m `mtmrenhl`l hatåonl.
    As lssmssarms olplzms `m mhxmrklr
    mhxmrklr mssm patmhonlc lnh`l nhmxpcarl`a `a ocnp pnhk slnrïa hl grmhtm hmssl pragnssïa. _ul
    ocnppnhk
    arklhnzlëýms pa`m smr eunta elns mstrltîknol `a qum lpmhls rmknstrlr ls nhsmrëýms ajtn`ls pmcl
    guhëïa plrl ls arklhnzlëýms pa`m ajtn`ls  pmclss lssmssarnls has
    vmåoucas `m oaeuhnolëïa. Oahtu`a, l elnarnl `ls mqunpms `m lssmssarms oahtnhul glzmh`a `a ocnppnhk lpmhls ue emolhnsea plrl
    emolhnsea plrl
    eastrlr a rmsuctl`a `a prÿprna trljlcfa.
    Els mcm î ue tmreÿemtra `m oaea ls nhgarelëýms mstïa onrouclh`a. _m ue `mtmrenhl`a  sntm `m hatåonls vmnoucl
    uel eltîrnl nhoarrmtl sajrm smu ocnmhtm m vaoä `mtmotl a mrra `m nem`nlta, pa`mrì rlpn`lemhtm lonahlr a m`ntar `a tmxta
    m  pm`nr
     pm` nr qum l nhgarelëïa oarrmnl sujssujstntu
    tntull l lhtmrnar. Oae nssa, vaoä oahsmkunrì `mtmr uel vmr`l`m
    vmr`l`mnrl
    nrl pracng
    pracngmrlëï
    mrlëïaa `m
    rmpartlkmhs hmkltnvls
    hmkltnvls m mrrl`
    mrrl`ls
    ls sajrm a ocnmhtm,
    ocnmhtm, huel mspîonm
    mspîonm `m rmlëïa me ol`mnl qum smeprm loahtmom hl nhtmrhmt ‐ me
    qumm ue  sntm smkum a autra m, ha gnhlc `ls oahtls, î eunta `ngåonc `msglzmr
    qu `msglzmr a melrlhfl`a
    melrlhfl`a `m nhoarrmëýms
    nhoarrmëýms.. _m hïa gassm a
    ocnppnhk pravlvmcemhtm vaoä hïa oahsmkunrnl oarrnknr a mrra l tmepa, lcîe `m oarrmr a rnsoa `m vä-ca vä- ca pujcnol`a, ha `nl
    smkunhtm, par
    smkunhtm,  par lckue vmåouca neprmssa.

    OAE]HNOLËÏA AH  ]HM 
    L eå`nl hl nhtmrhmt, me tmepa rmlc, î utncnzl`l oaea jlcnzl plrl qum a lssmssar lvlcnm l tmh`ähonl `a hatnonìrna `a
    `nl smkunhtm
    smkunhtm m passl sm lhtmonplr, praeavmh`a lëýms qum pmrentle prmstlr msoclrmonemhtas
    msoclrmonemhtas l`nonahlns
    l`nonahlns la hatnonìrna
    hatnonìrna
    neprmssa.
    ah ]hm tme sajrm as hmkÿonas `m ue plås m
    `m uel Hl vn`l pragnssnahlc
    vn`l pragns
    meprmsl. snahlc,, pu`m
    Nhgarelëýms puvmnoucl`ls
    `m loaeplhfl
    lo aeplhflr
    hue renhuta
    `m pmrta
    `m  pmrta a ppa`mr
    a`mr qum
    oahsmkume, a hhatn
    atnonìrna
    ha nhstlhtm onìrna
    smkunhtm, `mrru-
     

     jlr a vlcar `m lëýms hmkaonl`ls


    hmkaonl`ls hl jacsl
    jacsl `m vlcarms,
    vlcarms, luemhtlr
    luemhtlr l lvlcnlë
    lvlcnlëïa
    ïa `m rnsoa sajrm l moahaenl hlonahlc au
    mstneucl
    mstneuclrr mspmouc
    mspmoucl`ar
    l`armsms l pahta `m, me `mtmrenhl`l farl `a `nl, hnhkuîe elns tmr l oarrmtl haëïa `m ah`m mstïa ls
    hatåonls oarrmtls me qum as nhvmstn`arms pa`me oahgnlr.
    Î nepass
    nepassåvmåvmcc qum uel jal lssmss
    lssmssarn
    arnll `m neprmh
    neprmhslsl hïa mstmdl `mvn`lemht
    `mvn`lemhtmm vnknclhtm
    vnknclhtm me rmclëïa
    rmclëïa la hatnonìrna
    vmnoucl`a pmcl nhtmrhmt. Nhgarelëýms m`ntl`ls me smkuh`as lprmsmhtle rnsoa lctåssnea `m mrra. L `nsputl mhtrm ls prnhonplns
    lkähonls `m hatåonl ah ]hm `mnxau `m smr pmcl qulcn`l`m `a oahtmô`a `as tmxtas m plssau l smr, mxltlemhtm, pmcl rlpn`mz oae
    qum mcms sïa
    sïa mxpastas
    mxpastas me rm`m. Oae nssa, nssa, mstïa
    mstïa prahtas plrl
    plrl onrouclr par ue melrlhflh`a `m oaeputl`arms
    oae putl`arms m snstmels.
    snstme ls.
    M  pa
     parr ns
    nssa
    sa qu
    qumm ls ls
    lssm
    smss
    ss arnl
    ar nlss `m nepr
    ne prmh
    mhsl
    sl `mvm
    `m vm e sm plut
    pl utlr
    lr,, nkulcemhtm, pmcl rlpn`mz `m rmspastl m rmlëïa. Rlrl
    tlhta, `mvme oahtlr oae uel mstruturl `m `nppnhk sajr sajrmm l qulc dì glcle
    glcleasas lqun. Lckuels
    Lckuels lkähonls `m oaeuhnolëïa täe
    mqunpms prÿprnls oae a ajdmtnva `m loaeplhflr as prnhonplns hatnonìrnas ah ]hm, sajrm a oahduht oahduhtaa `as lss
    lssmss
    mssarl
    arl`as
    `as..
    @mtmotl`l l hatåonl
    hatåonl,, as darhlcnstls `m ltmh`nemhta
    ltmh`nemhta la ocnmhtm
    ocnmhtm pa`me
    pa` me mht
    mhtïa
    ïa smr
    smr rlpn`l
    rlpn`lemhtm
    emhtm lonahl`as
    lonahl`as plrl tmhtlr rmvmrtmr 
    mvmhtulns nhgarelëýms nhoarrmtls au patmh
    au  patmhonlcn
    onlcnzlr
    zlr ls qum sïa pasntnvls.

    [ MJ_NPM 
    MJ_NPM 

    _nt
    _ntms
    ms mspmo
    mspmonlns
    nlns pa`me smr ornl`as pmcls lssmssarnls
    lssmssarnls plrl emcfarlr a rmcl
    rmclonahlemhta
    onahlemhta oae a lssmssarl`a m oae l neprmhsl.
    Rrnhonplcemhtm plrl arklhnzlëým
    arklhnzlëýmss garel`ls par uel mstruturl
    mstruturl jlstlhtm `nspmrsl
    `nspmrsl (euntls uhn`l`ms
    uhn`l`ms nh`ustrnlns msplcfl`ls
    msplcfl`ls pmca plås m
     pmca euh`a au vìrnls sm`ms rmknahlns `m ÿrkïas pôjcnoas), as wmj`tms trlhsgarele-sm huel gmrrlemhtl mgnonmhtm `m trljlcfa.
    ocnmhtms aptle par rmuhnr, me ue sÿ  sntm, ta`a a `nppnhk qum nhtmrmssl ajsmrv
    Lckuhs ocnmhtms ajsmrvlr,
    lr, ls lhìcnsms
    lhìcnsms `m hatnonìrna qum
    loaepl
    loa eplhfl
    hflee ls prnhonplns
    prnhonplns eltîrnls vmnoucl`ls ha `nl, as nh`nol`arms qum `meahstrle a `msm `msmepmh
    epmhfafa `l lssmssarnl,
     jacmtnhs
     jacmt nhs nhtmrhas,
    nhtmr has, mhtrm autras
    autr as rmoursas
    rm oursas..
    Rìknhls jme mstruturls `m nhtmrhmt oahtle oae mspl msplëas
    ëas ljmrtas
    ljmrtas la lomssa pôjcnoa m tlejîe oae cnhis mxocusnvas
     plr
     plrll `mt
    `mtmre
    oahsuea mrenhl
    nhl`as
    nhtmrha`as pragnss
    prals
    (oaea gnssnahl
    nahlns
    ns `l
    lhìcnsms arklhnz
    ark lhnzlëïa.
    lëïa.
    `m hatnonìrna, qum Hmssms,
    Hmssm s, kmrlcemh
    hïa `mvmekmrlsmr
    cemhtmtm mstïa
    mstï aâ oahoarrähonl
    lomssåvmns as smrvnëas
    smrv nëas prmstl`as
    prmst
    au lasl`as pmcl lssmssarnl
    lssmssa rnl m `m
    apasntarms
     

     pacåtnoas)
     pacåtnoas)..  Hls ìrmls ljmrtls, ls lssmssarnls  pa`me ornlr slcls `m eå`nl plrl
    eå`nl  plrl l vmnouclëïa `as  prmss rmcmlsms m `m
    autrls nhgarelëýms `m nhtmrmssm `l neprmhsl, plrl oahsuctl `nrmtl `as darhlcnstls.
    Mssm tnpa `m sacuëïa tlejîe luxncnl as lssmssarms
    lssmssarms l elhtmr ue ltmh`nemhta ìknc tlhta â neprmhsl qulhta la lssmssarl`a.
    lssmssarl`a.
    Darhlcnstls oastuele
    oastuele `melh`lr nhgarelëýms qum dì sïa pôjcnols m âs vmzms mstïa `nspahåvmns hl nhtmrhmt, m a usa `mssm rmoursa
    moahaenzl tmepa ha ltmh`nemhta pmssalc.
    Mstlr prmsmhtm hl nhtmrhmt ''mm me pasnëïa nhtmrmsslhtm î neprmsonh`åvmc plrl
    neprmsonh`åvmc plrl qulcqumr arklhnzlëïa qum jusqum rmoahfmonemhta.
    Rlrl tlhta, smu sntm `mvm smr oclra, oae nhgarelëýms jme `mstlol`ls (m î prmonsa tmr uel mstrltîknl ltî emsea plrl nh`nolr me
    qum cuklr m `m qum garel ol`l
    ol`l nhgarelëïa
    nhgarelëïa `mvm oahstlr hl pìknhl), lcîe `m smr oahstruå`a plrl lprmsmhtlr a emhar rnsoa tîohnoa
     passåvmc
     passåvmc `as oflel
    oflel`as
    `as juks, ls glcfls apmrlonahlns hl nhtmrhmt.

    EMH_]ZLËÏA @M ZM_]CPL@A_
    Prltl-sm `m uel emta`acak
    Prltl-sm emta`acaknl
    nl qum em`m oahtnhu
    oahtnhulem
    lemhtm
    htm as rmsuctl
    rmsuctl`as
    `as `a trljl
    trljlcfa
    cfa `l lssmssa
    lssmssarnl
    rnl `m neprmhsl. M ue
    emol
    emolhnse
    hnseaa guh`
    guh`lemh
    lemhtlc
    tlc hïa sÿ plrl lvlcnlr sm a pclha `m oaeuhnolëïa mstì lcolhëlh`a ls emtls prmmstljmcmon`ls, oaea
    tlejîe plrl `lr uel sltnsglëïa la ocnmhtm sajrm a rmsuctl`a `as nhvmstnemhtas gmntas me oaeuhnolëïa oae l eå`nl.
    Mqunpms emhas pragnssnahlns `m lssmssarnl `m neprmhsl lnh`l utncnz utncnzle
    le a ea`mca snepcÿrna `m em`nr lpmhls qulhtls
    vmzm
    vmzmss a lssmssar
    lssmssarl`a
    l`a lpl lplrmo
    rmomu
    mu hl eå`nl.
    eå`nl.  Hmssms olsaolsas,
    s, qulh`a
    qulh`a eunta, nh`nole sm mssls mssls nhsmrëým
    nhsmrëýmss sïa pasntnvls
    pasntnvls au
    hmkltnvls. Oahvmhfleas qum nssa `nz eunta pau
    eunta pauoaoa sajrm
    saj rm l qulc
    q ulcn`l
    n`l`m
    `m `l nelkme
    nel kme `l arklhn
    ark lhnzlë
    zlëïa.
    ïa.
    ]el jal emhsurlëïa `m rmsuctl`as oaeplrl ls emhslkmhs qum a ocnmhtm kastlr kastlrnl
    nl `m rmgarëlr
    rmgarëlr hl eå`nl m sm a rmsuctl`a gan
    ajtn`a
    ajtn`a au hïa. Zmcltl
    Zmcltl,,  par emna `m krì
    krìgno
    gnoas
    as m tmxtas
    tmxtas,, qul
    qulns
    ns vmåouc
    vmåoucas
    as `m oaeuhn
    oaeuhnolë
    olëïa
    ïa rmt
    rmtrlh
    rlhsent
    sentnrl
    nrle
    e mssm
    mssm `nsoursa,
    `nsoursa, qum msplëa
    msplëa
    oahom`mrle m qum neplota olusle, `m loar`a prnhonplcemhtm oae a pôjcnoa qum ltnhkme.
    _m l emhsurlëïa lpahtlr qum mssms ajdmtnvas hïa garle lcolhël`as, mhtïa gnol jlstlhtm oclra qum ls mstrltîknols

    hïa mstïa surtnh`a


    hmomssn`l`m mgmnta.
    plrl qum Î l farl `moahgnm
    a lssmssarl`a glzmr luel
    mcmsoarrmëïa `m ruea. Lssmssarms `mvme smr as prnemnras l rmoahfmomr mssl
    havls apartuhn`l`ms.
     

    Pnvmeas omrtl vmz ue ocnmhtm qum has lprmsmhtau uel emtl ournasl `m oaeuhnolëïa, els hme par nssa rlrl `m sm
    mhoahtrlr hlqumcm emrol`a. Mcm qumrnl, snepcmsemhtm, qum smu haem m a `m smus sÿonas hïa lplrmomssme hl eå`nl  ‐ par
     ‐ par elns
    qum mcms `mspmrtlssme l ltmhëïa `as darhlcnstls, `l`a a suomssa `as hmkÿonas. _ne, a suomssa `as hmkÿonas pa`mrnl lplrmomr.
    Els sme qulcqumr emhëïa sajrm qume mstlvl par trìs `mssm suomssa.
    Mstljmcmomeas lssne ue pclha `m oaeuhnolëïa plrl rmsslctlr pahtas gartms `l arklhnzlëïa m, oarl nssa, vlcarnzlr 
    autrls ìrmls `l meprmsl qum hïa lpmhls l nelkme pmssalc `m smus `nrnkmhtms. Rlrl oaeplrlr as rmsuctl`as ajtn`as
    ajtn`as la gnhlc `m
    lckuhs
    lckuhs emsms
    emsms oae
    oae lqumcm
    lqumcm pclha
    pclha,, mcljarl
    mcljarleas
    eas uel
    uel emta`acaknl
    emta `acaknl `m emhsurlëïa.
    e mhsurlëïa. Lvlcnleas ha pmråa`a ta`ls ls eltîrnls
     pujcnol`ls
     pujcnol `ls sajrm a ocnmhtm, smkuh`a orntîrnas qulhtntltnvas (cnkl`as la hôemra
    hôemra `m nhsmrëým
    nhsmrëýmss rmknstrl`
    rmknstrl`ls
    ls pmca ocnppnhk)) m
    ocnppnhk
    qulcntltn
    qulcntltnvas
    vas (oahgare
    (oahgaremm a oahtmô`
    oahtmô`aa mxpcarl
    mxpcarl`a
    `a hls eltî
    eltîrn ls m a  pmsa `m ol`l uel
    rnls uel).
    ). Ha gnhlc,
    gnhlc, krìgnoa
    krìgnoass `meahs
    `meahstrl
    trlrle
    rle
    snkhngnoltnvl rm`uëïa ha hôemra `m ontlëýms `as sÿonas m eastrlrle oaea l ournasn`l`m `l eå`nl pð`m smr sltnsgmntl oae nh-
    garelëýms `m qulcn`l`m sajrm ls ltnvn`l`ms `l arklhnzlëïa.
    arklhnzlëïa.

    ZMCLPßZNA @M  LWLCNLËÏA
    LWLCNLËÏA

    Sn mholenhfl`a emhslcemhtm la lssmssarl`a au lpÿs ue mvmhta mspmoågnmspmoågnoa,


    oa, oaea uel oacmtnv
    oacmtnvl.
    l. @mvm rmuhnr a
    ocnppnhk `a pmråa`a, as krìgnoas `l emhsurlëïa `m rmsuctl`as m ue tmxta oråtnoa sajrm a `msmepmhfa `l lssmssarnl.
    << ha rmcltÿrna qum a lssm
    lssmssar
    ssar `mvm mxmrontlr hïa lpmhls
    lpmhls l fahmstn`l`m (nhsnsta!), els l ea`îstnl, sm gar a olsa.
     Hïa l`nlhtl
    l`nl htl qumrmr
    qumr mr nhgclo
    nhg clonah
    nahlr
    lr as rmsuctl`as `a trljlcfa. A lssmssarl`a pmromjmrì qum vaoä mstì jcmglh`
    jcmglh`a.
    a. _m lcka hïa
    slnu tïa jme oaea a mspmrl`a, î farl `m rmoahfmomr. Arklhnzlëýms
    Arklhnzlëýms oastuele vlcarnzlr eunta elns l prÿ-ltnvn`l`m `as
    lssmssarmss qum lpahtle mrras m, `m nem`nlta, prapýme garels `m oarrnkn-cas.
    lssmssarm
    Lckuelss lkähonls `m oaeuhnolëïa
    Lckuel oaeuhnolëïa aptle par mholenhfl
    mholenhflrr rmcltÿrnas
    rmcltÿrnas `nìrnas au smelhlns
    smelhlns `m ltnvn`l`ms. Mcms sïa,
    sne, ue jae nhstruemhta
    nhstruemhta `m oahtracm
    oahtracm `ls lëýms `l mqunpm,
    mqunpm, lcîe `m nhtmkrlr
    nhtmkrlr emcfar a oahduh
    oahduhta
    ta `m nhgarelë
    nhgarelëýms
    ýms
    trljlcfl`ls hl neprmhsl. Els mssms rmcltÿrnas hïa `mvme `nspmhslr uel lhìcnsm emhsl emhslcc `m `msmepmhfa, qum lprmsmhtl uel
    vnsïa elns oahsacn`l`l `a trljlcfa.
     

     LHÌCN_M M_PZLPÎKNOL @M EÅ@NL
    Ol`l lkähonl tme smu prÿprna ea`mca plrl lhlcnslr oaea l eå`nl mstì mxpah`a `mtmrenhl`a lssuhta. Kmrlcemhtm,
    mssl ltnvn`l`m î rmlcnzl`l ta`as as `nls, oae jlsm hl cmnturl `as vmåoucas `l krlh`m neprmhsl.
    L lhìcnsm vnsl lnh`l n`mhtngnolr as `ngmrmhtms trltlemhtas qum a lssuhta rmomjm me uel emsel pujcnolëïa au me
    vmåoucas `nvmrsas. ]el mqunpm mspmonlcnzl`l `m darhlcnstls cä m nhtmrprmtl a hatnonìrna. A rmsuctl`a î ue tmxta oahonsa m
    ajdmtnva, qum sm tarhl ue nepartlhtm nhstruemhta `m oahsuctarnl hl ìrml `m oaeuhnolëïa.
    oaeuhnolëïa.
    Lssmssarl`as qum sïa ajdmta `m rmpartlkmhs `nlrnlemhtm prmonsle `mssm tnpa `m smrvnëa plrl qum, hls prnemnrls
    farls
    sljmrïa`loaea
    elhfï, tmhfle me`nlhtm
    sm pasnonahlr eïas`muel vnsïa lepcl
    mvmhtulns m oahtmxtulcnzl`l
    mhtrmvnstls `ls pujcnolëýms. Oae nssa, as prnhonplns partl-vazms
    la cahka `a `nl.
    Sc hïa lpmhls nssa4 mssl cmnturl, qum `mvm smr smeprm nsmhtl m dlelns tmr a ajdmtnva
    ajdmtnva `m mhlctmo
    mhlctmomr
    mr ls ltnvn`l`ms
    ltnvn`l`ms `l
    lssmssarnl, smrvm oaea jlsm tlejîe plrl qum as `nrnkmhtms `l arklhnzlëarklhnzlëïa
    ïa taeme `monsýms kmr kmrmho
    mhonln
    nlnss sajrm uel
    sîrnm `m tmels ha emsea `nl.

     L]@NPAZNL  @M NELKME
    Lssne oaea euntas lssmssarl`as
    lssmssarl`as prmonsle
    prmonsle `m uel vns vnsïa
    ïa lep
    lepcl
    cl `l neprmhsl `nìrnl, hmomssntle tlejîe `m uel
    lvlcnlëïa qulhtntltnvl m qulcntl
    qulcntltnvl
    tnvl qum lpahtm, emhslcemhtm, oaea mstì l nelkme `mcms hl eå`nl.
    Waoä pa`m ltî pmhslr
    pmhslr qum nssa î tlrmgl
    tlrmgl snep
    snepcms
    cms plrl qume oahsmkum
    oahsmkum rms
    rmsuenr
    uenr ls trnhtl lhìcnsms
    lhìcnsms `nìrnls
    `nìrnls `m eå`nl
     pra`uzn`ls ha eäeäs.s. Els
    Els mstì
    mstì mhklhl`a. L lu`ntarnl `m nelkme `melh`l uel emta`acaknl mspmoågnol, `mvn`lemht `mvn`lemhtmm
    lpanl`l me prmomntas mstltåstnoas m me pmsquns
    me  pmsqunsls
    ls `m apnhnïa. Î prmonsa rnkar hl tljuclëïa `mssms `l`as. Olsa oahtrìrna,
    vaoä hïa oahsmkunrì `nzmr la lssmssarl`a, `m elhmnrl smkurl m rmspahsìvmc, sm l nelkme `mcm vln jme au elc.
    Arklh
    Ark lhnz
    nzlë
    lëým
    ýmss on
    onmh
    mhtm
    tmss `a  plpmc `l neprmhsl mstïa `nspastls l rmvmr, l  plrtnr `as rmsuctl`as
    rmsuctl `as `l lu`ntarnl,
    lu`nta rnl,
     praom`nemhtas
     praom`n emhtas l`atl`as
    l`atl`a s hïa lpmhls pmrlhtm as pragnssnahlns
    pragnssnah lns `l eå`nl, els tlejîe qulhta âs mstrltîknls `a prÿprna
    hmkÿona. _m l neprmhsl mxpým uel nelkme qum hïa oah`nz oae l qum a lssmssarl`a `msmdl praplklr, mhtïa fì elrkme plrl
    `uls nhtmrprmtlëýms passåvmns4 au l nelkme hïa sm sustmhtl sajrm l rmtÿrnol ‐ m
     

    mhtïa î ofmkl`l l farl `m rmvmr ta`a a pasnonahlemhta `l arklhnzlëïa  ‐ au lckuîe hïa mstì sljmh`a oahtlr jme l
    fnstÿrnl plrl
    fnstÿrnl  plrl l neprmhsl ‐ a qum `mvm eatnvlr l lssmssarnl l sm luta-lvlcnlr.
    ]el mxpmrnähonl nhtmrmsslhtm `m lu`ntarnl `m nelkme î lqumcl rmlcnzl`l plr
    rmlcnzl`l  plrll ÿrkïas `m kavmrha. Kmrlcemhtm, mcms
     prÿprn
     prÿ prnas
    as `msm
    `msmhva
    hvacv
    cvmeme pmsqun
    p msqunsls
    sls `m aapnhn
    pnhnïa
    ïa plrl `msoajrn
    `mso ajrnrr a åh`n
    åh`nom
    om `m sltnsglëïa `l papuclëïa oae suls ltnvn`l`ms.
    ltnvn`l`ms. Els
    uel lhìcns
    lhìcnsmm smkurl
    smkurl `m oaea
    oaea sul nelkme mstì mstlepl`
    mstlepl`ll hl neprmhs
    neprmhsll hïa î gìonc
    gìonc `m sm ajtmr.
    ajtmr. Mxpmrnemhtleas
    Mxpmrnemhtleas mssm
    `mslgna oae ue ÿrkïa `l l`enhnstrlëïa gm`mrlc, qum gan utncnzl`a oaea ue plrêemtra hïa lpmhls plrl ls lëýms `m vnsnjn-
    cn`l`m `mssm ÿrkïa, els plrl sul prÿprnl kmstïa.
     Hassa ajdmtnva
    ajdmt nva mrl n`mhtngno
    n`mht ngnolr
    lr oaea ol`l `mplrtlemh
    `mplr tlemhta ta m rmspmotn
    rmspm otn vas `nrnkmht
    `nrn kmhtms
    ms mrle loaeplhf
    loae plhfl`as
    l`as pmcl
    neprmhsl.
    lhlcnsleasHa jlclhëa
    eltîrnl par kmrlc `l pujcnol`l
    eltîrnl nelkme,
    nelkme, qumråleas
    qumråle
    ha eäs as
    hassljmr a qum
    krlh`ms
    krlh`m elns pmslvl
    s vmåoucas pmslvl glvarìvmc
    glvar
    jrlsncmnra
    jrlsncmnras. ìvmc au hmkltnvlemhtm.
    s. Elpmleas hmkltnvlemhtm.
    qulns
    qulns Oae nssa,
    gahtms tnhfle em-
    cfar mhtrl`l hl neprmhsl m qum lssuhtas rmh`nle neplota pasntnva plrl l nelkme `a ÿrkïa. Lvlcnleas lnh`l oaea
    mssls `nvnsýms asonclvle `m ue vmåouca plrl a autra,
    autra, a qum
    qum passnjn
     passnjncntau
    cntau nh`nolr tmh`ähon
    tmh`ähonls
    ls m`ntarnlns. Oae as rmsuctl`as
    `ms
    `mssm
    sm "rmtrlta
    "rmtrlta"" `l eå
    eå`n
    `nl,
    l, l mqun
    mqunpm
    pm `m oaeuh
    oaeuhnolë
    nolëïa
    ïa pð`m mhgltnzlr
    mhgltnzlr `mtmrenhl`ls
    `mtmrenhl`ls ìrmls m pclhmdlr
    pclhmdlr a mhgaqum
    mhgaqum l smr 
    `nvuckl`a plrl ol`l vmåouca.
    Me oahtrl
    oahtrlplr
    plrtn`l
    tn`l,, a prÿprna
    prÿprna ÿrkïa
    ÿrkïa `m kavmrh
    kavmrhaa plssau
    plssau l lvlcnlr
    lvlcnlr oaea
    oaea `mtmre
    `mtmrenhl
    nhl`as
    `as prakrl
    prakrlels
    els pôjcno
    pôjcnoas
    as
    mvacuåle, l pahta `m smrme au hïa pmromjn`as oarrmtlemhtm pmcl eå`nl. Havls prnarn`l`ms garle mstljmcmon`ls plrl
    mvntlr guturls `nstarëýms.
     

    OLRÅP]CA WNN 

    Garels usulns `m rmclonahlemhta oae l neprmhsl

     Hme sÿ `m rmcmlsms vnvme ls lssmssarnls `m neprmhsl. A mxomssa `m tmxtas mhvnl`as las darhlcnstls oastuel glzä-cas
    `msmhvacvmr as elns praguh`as m hmkltnvas smhtnemhtas oahtrl as lssmssarms. M oclra qum as rmcmlsms lnh`l sïa as emcfarms
    nhstruemhtas
    nhstruem htas plrl lckuel
    lckuelss `nvuckl
    `nvucklëýms.
    ëýms. Els ljuslr `a usa m lnh`l qumrmr jusolr l snepltnl `m rmpÿrtmrmsrmpÿrtmrms m m`ntarms plrl
    ol`l ljar`lkme `mssm tnpa î oahgnlr `melns hl plonähon
    hl  plonähonll `m
    ` m qume
    qu me plssl
    pls sl elus
    elu s  jao
     jaol`a
    l`ass hls rm`lëýms.
    Rartlhta, lorm`nta qum a emcfar olenhfa
    olenhfa plrl uel uel prìtnol
     prìtnol mgnonmhtm `m lssmssarnl `m neprmhsl smdl a `m oahstrunr 
    rmclonahlemhtas îtnoas m sÿcn`as oae as darhlcnstls. Oahvmhfleas, hnhkuîe oahsmkum nssa par emna `m ue tmxta mhvnl`a
    nh`nsornenhl`lemhtm  plrl omhtmhls `m prag
    `m  pragnssnahln
    nssnahlnss has vmåoucas
    vmåoucas jrlsnc
     jrlsncmnras
    mnras `m oaeuhnolëïa!
    Zmclonahlemhtas jme
    Zmclonahlemhtas  jme oahstruå`a
    oahstruå`ass hïa sm glzme `l hantm plrl a `nl. @m qulcqumr elhmnrl, l garel oaea mcms
    oaemële `mtmrenhl pmca emhas =2% `a suomssa. Nn l fnstÿrnl `m qum l prnemnrl neprmssïa î l qum gnol. Rans jme, Rans jme, plrl
     plrl glzmr 
    oahtltas oae as darhlcnstls,
    as darhlcnstls, vaoä prmonsl,
    vaoä prmonsl, prnemnrlemhtm,
    prnemnr lemhtm, smr  pmrnta sajrm a lssuhta l smr `nvuckl`a. Hïa `mvm tntujmlr hl
    farl `m sl
    slhl
    hlrr ls `ôvn`ls
    `ôvn`ls `mspmr
    `mspmrtl`
    tl`ls
    ls has darhl
    darhlcnst
    cnstls
    ls caka hls cnklëýms nhnonlns. La oaht oahtrìrn
    rìrna,
    a, `mvm
    `mvm east
    eastrlr
    rlr gnremzl m
    mepmhfa la `mgmh`mr l sukmstïa `m plutl, `m hatl au oahvntm plrl
    oahvntm  plrl mvmhtas.
    mv mhtas.
    Lhtmss `m slnr `mgmh`mh`a lqunca me qum vaoä lorm`ntl ‐ qum smu lssmssarl`a î emsea a eìxnea (lgnhlc, sm vaoä
    Lhtm
    hïa lorm`ntlr, oaea vln oahvmhomr autrls pmssals1) ‐, mhuemrm nh`åonas `m qum nssa î ems-
     

    ea vmr`l`
    vmr`l`m.
    m. Me vm vmzz `m `nzmr
    `nzmr qum mcm î cå`mcå`mrr nhsupmr
    nhsupmrìvm
    ìvmcc ha emrol`a,
    emrol`a, eastrm
    eastrm la  darh
     darhlcns
    lcnstl
    tl mstltåst
    mstl tåstnols
    nols qum
    `meahstrme l  plrt
     plrtnonp
    nonplëïa
    lëïa hls vmh`ls
    vmh` ls `a
    ` a smtar
    sm tar au ontm
    o ntm mvmhtulns
    mvmht ulns prîenas
    prîe nas qum mcm dì tmhfl
    t mhfl rmomjn`a.
    rmomj n`a.
    Cmejrm-sm4 `nzmr qum smu lssmssarl`a 7 a emcfar, qum tme as pra`utas elns qulcngnol`as au ls sacuëýms n`mlns
     plrl `mtmrenhl
    `mtmr enhl`a
    `a smkemhta
    smke mhta,, î oaepcmtlemhtm nhÿoua. _al oaea purl glcìonl. @mnxm mssm tnpa `m nhgarelëïa plrl as
    lhôhonas pujcnontìrnas.

    PZLJLCFA @M OAHWMHONEMHPA
    \ulh`a ue jae lssmssar plrtm gnhlcemhtm plrl glzmr oahtlta oae a darhlcnstl hl rm`lëïa, omrtlemhtm dì plssau par 
    uel jltmrnl `m mhtrmvnstls oae gahtms `a lssmssarl`a. @lcn surkme ta`as as `l`as qum `ïa a `mvn`a mejlslemhta plrl sul
    sukmstïa `m plutl. M oae mcms qum sm oahsmkum lrkuemhtlr l vmrlon`l`m `a lssuhta lprmsmhtl`a â neprmhsl.
    A trljlcfa rmlcnzl`a pmcas lssmssarms
    lssmssarms âs vmzms tme tlhta vlcar `m rm partlkme
    partlkme `a qum lqumcm gmnta pmcas darhlcnstls qum
    lssn
    lssnhl
    hlee ls eltî
    eltîrnl
    rnls.
    s. Mst
    Mstms
    ms,, ha mhtlhta
    mhtlhta,, sïa
    sïa as qum lplrmom
    lplrmome
    e â grgrmh
    mhtm
    tm `a plcoa
    plcoa,, au smdl
    smdl,, hls  pìknhls neprmssls au
    mcmtrðhnols `as vmåoucas, has enoragahms `a rì`na auhltmcnhfl`lrv.
    El
    Els,s, ltm
    ltmhëï
    hëïa4
    a4 nss
    nssaa sÿ aoarrm
    aoarrm oae as lss lssmss
    mssarm
    armss mxpmrn
    mxpmrnmht
    mhtms
    ms qum täe lqunca
    lqunca qum ofleleas
    ofleleas `m "slo "slolëïa
    lëïa"" (täe
     pmrspnoì
     pmrs onl m "glra" plrl a qum î nepartlhtm plrl l eå`nl) m sljme, oae oclrmzl, a qum î uel hatåonl.
    pnoìonl hatåonl. Euntls vmzms, ls
    nhgarelëýms
    nhgarelë ýms dì ofmkle
    ofmkle tïa jme lpurl`ls, tïa jmetïa  jme arklhnzl`ls m oahvnhomhtms, qum a rmpÿrtmr klstl a eåhnea `m tmepa
     plrll oahg
     plr o ahgnre
    nreì-c
    ì-cls
    ls m `lr
    ` lr rm`lëï
    rm` lëïaa prÿprn
    prÿ prnll la
    l a glta
    g lta..
     Hïa `mvmrnl smr jme lssne o hïa `mgmh`a `mgmh`a mssms eac`ms. \umra `nzmr qum, `nlhtm `ls rm`lëýms rm`lëýms mhxutls
    mhxutls sajrl
     pauoa
     pau tme pa m  pau
    oa tmepa  pauol
    ol "olhofl" plrl uel jal lpurlëïa. lpurlëïa . Nssa vnrl tlejîe tlrmgl `as lssmssarms qum smkume â rnsol l
    prapastl  par Nvy Cmm, sajrm l mxl-tn`ïa
    harel prapastl par mxl- tn`ïa `l hatåonl agmrmon`l pmcl lssmssarnl.
    Lssmss
    Lss ar `m neprmhsl prmonsl tmr "tnha" `m rmpÿrtmr `mhtra `l arklhnzlëïa me qum vln trljlcflr. Nssa snkhngnol,
    mssar
    nhocusnvm, `msoahgnlr
    `msoahgnlr `m lckuels nhgarelëýms
    nhgarelëýms qum a lssmssarl`a trlhsentm. Waoä prmonsl, lhtms `m tu`a, oahv oahvmhom
    mhomrr l sn
    emsea. Rlrl tlhta
    tlhta,, tmrì `m utncnzl
    utncnzlrr uel lpur
    lpurlëïa
    lëïa oaepcmtl
    oaepcmt l `m
    ` m nhgarel
    n hgarelëýms.
    ëýms. L meprmsl `a ocnmhtm tme tmohacaknl `m pahtl
    ha qum glz1 Pme omrtngnol`as `m qulcngnolëïa1 As meprmkl`as ajtäe pra`utnvn`l`m garl `l eî`nl `a smtar1 Mstì
    oahstrunh`a havls
     

    uhn`l`ms1 Wln lepcnlr sujstlhonlcemhtm as nhvmstnemhtas m l olplon`l`m `m meprmka1 Pme `l`as oahgnìvmns sajrm a
    krlu `m sltnsglëïa `as oahsuen`arms1 Pme pradmtas hl ìrml `m rmspahsljncn`l`m saonlc1 _m as tme, sïa prmenl`as1 Î
    rmgmrähonl ha smtar1
    Oaea plrl qulcqumr tlrmgl `m rmpartlkme, hïa fì ue ratmnra gnxa `m  pmrkuhtls l smrme gmntls las lssmssarl`as.
    Pu`a
    Pu `a vln
    vln `m
    `mpmh
    pmh`m
    `mrr `a lssuhta
    lssuhta ljar`l`
    ljar`l`aa ha eaemhta.
    eaemhta. A qu qumm vaoä
    vaoä prmon
    prmonsl
    sl î sm euhn
    euhnrr `m nhgarel
    nhgarelëým
    ëýmss oaepcmtls m
    oahgnìvmns. Wä lkarl par qum lssmssar `m neprmhsl î emsea darh
    emsea  darhlcnst
    lcnstl,
    l, l `mspmnta
    `mspmn ta `as qum
    qu m tmrknv
    tm rknvmrsle
    mrsle oahtrl1

    RL__LH@A L NHGAZELËÏA L@NLHPM


    Oae ta`ls ls nhgarelëýms `mvn`lemhtm oahgnrel`ls m me eïas, î farl `m vmrngnolr a pclhmdlemhta pclhmdlemhta mstrltîknoa
    mstrltîknoa m
    `mtmrenhlr ls lëýms mspmoågnols qum `mvmrì l`atlr plrl uel `nvucklëïa me  plrtnoucl  plrtnouclr.
    r. Mcls pa`me
    Mcls  pa`me eatnv
    eatnvlr
    lr ue trljlcfa me
    vìrnls grmhtms4 rì`na, PW, darhl
    PW, darhlns,
    ns, rmvnstls, nhtmrhmt, lkähonls `m hatåonls, M, lnh`l, `mhtra `m uel emsel eå`nl, oaea a darhlc,
     pa`m cmvlr â `nvucklëïa `m `nvmrsls plutls plrl `ngmrmhtms m`ntarnls.
    Rlrl tlhta, enrm-sm me uel plclvrl4 gaoa. A lssuhta `m sul `nvucklëïa pa`m
    `nvucklëïa  pa`m tmr vìrnls ähglsms. Wleas l ue mxmepca
     prìtnoa. _mu lssmssarl`a
    lssmssa rl`a ajtmvm ha lha as emcfarms rmsuctl`as gnhlhomnras dì ajtn`as me sul fnstÿrnl. Mssl hatåonl, par sn
    sÿ, dì
    sÿ,  dì rmh`m uel plutl plrl ls m`ntarnls `m moahaenl au `m hmkÿonas. Lpÿs l pujcnolëïa `m uel eltîrnl ljrlhkmhtm
    sajrm a glta prnhonplc, vaoä pa`mrì `mstrnhoflr ue  pauoa  pauo a elns a lssuhta m `msoajrnr, par mxmepca, qulc gan l pacåtnol `m
    rmoursas fuelhas l`atl`l pmca ocnmhtm plrl mstneuclr as guhonahìrnas l ltnhknrme tlns rmsuctl`as. Mssl pa`mrì smr uel plutl
     plrl uel m`ntarnl
    m`ntarnl `m kmstïa au `m olrrmnrls. _m gar lnh`l elns l`nlhtm me sul lpurlëïa, pa`mrì vmrngnolr sm as rmsuctl`as
    ajtn`as pmcl oaeplhfnl smrïa rmvmrtn`as, me  plrtm, plrl luemhtlr as nhvmstnemhtas
    nhvmstnemht as me `mtmrenhl`as prakrlels `m rms-
     pahsljncn
     pahsl jncn`l`m
    `l`m sao
    saonlc.
    nlc. L nhga
    nhgarelë
    relëïaïa omr
    omrtlem
    tlemhtm
    htm rmh`mrì uel sukmstïa `m hatl plrl oacuhlsoacuhls qum ljar`le
    ljar`le ls nhnonltnvls
    nhnonltnvls
    meprmslrnlns hmssm rlea au ls pujcnolëýms mspmonlcnzl`ls me tmromnra smtar.
    A smkrm`a î `nvmrsngnolr ls ljar`lkmhs, smeprm rmspmntlh`a a pmrgnc `a vmåouca m `a darhlcnstl qum vaoä praourl plrl ls
    `nvucklëýms
    `nvucklëýms.. La oajrnr
    oajrnr ue ôhnoa
    ôhnoa lssuhta
    lssuhta par `nvmrsl
    `nvmrslss vmrtmhtm
    vmrtmhtms,
    s, tmrì oahtrnjuå`a
    oahtrnjuå`a plrl pradmtl
    pradmtlrr l nelkme
    nelkme oaepcmtl
    oaepcmtl `a
    lssmssarl`a, a qum l sustmhtl eunta elns `a qum sm mstnvmssm cnentl`l la jlclhomtm gnhlhomnra lhulc.
     

    Oae `nvucklëýms snstmeìtnols me ue pmråa`a eåhnea `m träs emsms, mssl meprmsl rmgarël, duhta â apnhnïa pôjcnol,
    l pmrompëïa `m qum tme as emcfarms pra`utas, as guhonahìrnas elns sltnsgmntas, lëýms `m on`l`lhnl on`l`lhnl rmspmntl`ls, m lssne
     par `nlhtm.
    `nlht m.
    ]el apm
    apmrl`
    rl`arl
    arl `m tmcmgah
    tmcmgahms
    ms omcucl
    omcuclrms
    rms,, par mxmep
    mxmepca,
    ca, pa`m tarhl
    tarhlr-sm
    r-sm lc va `m rmpartlkmhs me ta`lsls m`ntarnls.
    Me lssuhtas oae ga gaoaoa oarparlt
    oarparltnva,
    nva, l eltîrnl
    eltîrnl pa`m
    pa`m nhocunr
    nhocunr l lhìcnsm
    lhìcnsm `as
    `as lonahnst
    lonahnstls
    ls au mxmout
    mxmoutnvas
    nvas `l meprm
    me prm sl sajrm
    saj rm tmels
    tme ls
    elora-moah
    elora -moahðenoa
    ðenoass m `m gnhlhëls. _m gar uel euctnhlonahlc, smeprm flvmrì lspmotas qum `mspmrtle l ltmhëïa `l
    neprmhsl
    neprmh sl nhtmrhlonahlc.
    nhtmrhlonahlc. L ìrml `m elrimtnhk
    elrimtnhk m `m havas pra`utas pa`pa`mm smr plutl`l me eltîrnls `m oaepartlemhta m tmh`ähonl.
    A `m
    `mpl
    plrtl
    rtlem
    emhta
    hta `m rmours
    rmoursas
    as fuelha
    fuelhas,s, sajrm
    sajrm prìtno
    prìtnols
    ls pna
    pnahm
    hmnrl
    nrlss rmclo
    rmclonah
    nahl`l
    l`lss â ajajtm
    tmhë
    hëïa
    ïa `m ememtl
    tlss m lue
    luemht
    mhtaa `m
     pra`utnvn`l`m.
    tmhfl pra`utas Ltî emsea as
    nhavl`arms supcmemhtas
    plrl ornlhëls m nhglhtns
    davmhs aum as
    hl`m`nol`a
    `m`nol`ass `m
    fnpÿtmsm l l`acmsomh
    l`acm somhtms
    tms pa`me
    pa`mlckue
    tmr nhtra`uzn`a e sm nhtmrmssl
    nhtmr
    havamsslr
    r pmcl arklhnzlë
    arklhnzlëïa,
    oaepartlemhta ha olsa mcl
    ïa,emrol`a
    mhtrm
    mhtrm mssms
    mssms pôjcno
    pôjcnoas
    as.. _m lckue
    lckue `as oacuhnstl
    oacuhnstlss mstnvmr
    mstnvmr msormvm
    msormvmh`a
    h`a sajrm
    sajrm rmgarel
    rmgarel trnjutìrnl
    trnjutìrnl m l meprms
    meprmsll tnvmr mstu`as
    nhtmrmsslhtms sajrm a neplota qum ls havls rmkrls trlrïa plrl
    trlrïa plrl a smtar `m prmstlëïa `m smrvnëas, me qum mcl mstì nhsmrn`l, hïa
    fmsntm me oahtltlr a oacuhnstl. As pra`utas `mssm ocnmhtm nhtra`uznrl
    nhtra`uznrlee ue hava oahomnta, ue hava pasnonahlemhta `m elrol
    ha smtar1 Me olsa lgnreltnva as mspmonlcnstls me elrimtnhk has krlh`ms vmåoucas m hl eå`nl smtarnzl`l plutlrïa eltîrnl sajrm
    a lssuhta.
    Ra`m smr qum mssm lssmssa
    lssmssarl`a,
    rl`a, mspmongnolemhtm,
    mspmongnolemhtm, hïa tmhf
    tmhfll nhtmrmssm
    nhtmrmssm me mxpar sul pasnëïa me lssuhtas `a omhìrna
    hlonahlc, qum hïa `nzme rmspmnta `nrmtlemhto l mcm. Els, me oahtrlplrtn`l, pa`mrì tmr prad tmr  pradmtas
    mtas hl ìrml
    ì rml `m on`l`l
    o n`l`lhnl
    hnl (ha
    olsa mspmoågnoa `ls apmrl`arls `m tmcmgahnl, prltnolemhtm ta`ls täe uel guh`lëïa vactl`l plrl a nhomhtnva â oucturl,
    mspartms, m`uolëïa au autras smtarms) qum eastrme oaepraenssa oae a  jme-mstlr `m `mtmrenhl`ls oaeuhn`l`ms. Mssls
    lëýms
    lëýms,, qul
    qulh`a
    h`a  jme `nvuc
    `nvuckl`l
    kl`ls,
    s, agmrmome
    agmrmome nh`åonas `a mhkldlemhta `l mepr meprmsl
    msl me qumst
    qumstýms
    ýms nepartlhtms  plrl a  plås,
    nh`mpmh`mhtm `m as mxmoutnvas sm prahuhonlrme au hïa sajrm `mtmrenhl`as lssuhtas.

    @NW]CKLËÏA RLZL PA@A_ A_ WMÅO]CA_


    L `nvucklëïa
    `nvucklëïa rmlcnzl`l
    rmlcnzl`l sneuctlhml
    sneuctlhmlemhtm
    emhtm plrl ta`as as vmåoucas
    vmåoucas pa`m
    pa`m smr lonahl`l
    lonahl` l me sntulëýms
    sntulëý ms apastls
    a pastls `a pah
    `a  pahta
    ta `m
    vnstl `a krlu `m ne-
     

     partêh onl `l
     partêhonl ` l hatåonl.
    hat åonl. Au a lssuhta tme krlh`m
    k rlh`m nhtmrmssm
    nhtmrmss m pôjcnoa
    pô jcnoa m `mvm smr lomssl`a par ta`as rlpn`lemhtm, au tme
     jlnxll prajljn
     jlnx pra jljncn`l
    cn`l`m
    `m `m vnrlr hatåonl. L lëïa, hmssm olsa, vnsl `lr oahfmonemhta sajrm a smu oahtmô`a plrl qum passl smr 
    rmknstrl`a me garel `m hatl ourtl au smr nhocuå`a me uel eltîrnl elnar qum mstì l olenhfa.
     Hïa gan â tal qum `msormvmeas
    `msorm vmeas,, ha olpåtuca
    olpåt uca lhtmrnar,
    lhtmr nar, lckuels
    lckue ls `ls prnemnrls
    prne mnrls gmrrlemht
    gmrrl emhtls
    ls `l lssmssarnl,
    lssmss arnl,  gacna
     gacnauu < u
     up.
    p.
    Î par emna `mcm qum vaoä `mvmrì cmejrlr a darhlcnstl sajrm a rmcmlsm rmomjn`a m rmgarëlr l rmcmvêhonl `mstm, `mhtra `m
    omrtas cnentms (`m tmepa, `m ljmrturl `l`l pmca prÿprna rmpÿrtmr au m`ntar m ltî emsea `m nepartêhonl `a ls suhta). suhta). Mssm
    emolhnsea, kastme au hïa as pragnssnahlns `m rm`lëïa, î mssmhonlc plrl qum l lssmssarnl jusqum rmlcemhtm rmtarha plrl a
    msgarëa qum gmz la praeavmr uel `nvucklëïa elns ljrlhkmhtm.
    Mssl nhnonltnvl î vìcn`l, lnh`l, plrl qum l neprmhsl tmhfl emeÿrnl sajrm a lssmssarl`a m as lssuhtas qum a omrole.
    Cmejrm-sm, mhtïa, `m praourì-ca hls aolsnýms me qum gar ljar`lr `mtmrenhl`as tmels.
    Cmejrm-sm,
    Els hl farl `m mhvnlr nhgarelëýms l ue krlh`m hôemra `m vmåoucas, smdl oamrmhtm oae ls m`ntarnls qum praourlr.
    _m a lssuhta me qum qumstïa
    stïa gar l nhlukurl
    nhlukurlëïa
    ëïa `m ue prmså`na `a kavmrha
    kavmrha gm`m
    gm`mrlc,
    rlc, `mvm smr oaeuhnol`a âs m`ntarnls `m
     pacåtn
     pac åtnol
    ol (parqu
    (pa rqumm eastrl ue prakrlel  pôjcn
     pôjcnoa
    oa smh`a oueprn`a,
    ouepr n`a, `m glta),
    glta ), hlonahlc
    hlona hlc (pmca lepca
    lepc a nhtmrmssm
    nhtmrmssm `a lssuhta plrl
    ta`aa a plås) m  pacåonl (hïa sm msqumël `m lvnslr as oacuhnstls qum täe nhtmrmssm
    ta` nhtmr mssm pmca tmel `l smkurlhël
    smkur lhël pôjcnol).
    pôjc nol). Hl
    nhstlclëïa
    nhstlcl ëïa `m uel havl omhtrlc tmcmgÿhnol
    tmcmgÿhnol,, prnarnzm
    prnarnzm as vmåoucas
    vmåoucas m ls m`ntarnls vactl`as  plrl l oajmrturl `m tmels `m
    m`ntarnls vactl`as
    utncn`l`m pôjcnol, oaea ls menssarls `m rì`na, hatnonìrnas `nurhas `ls PW_  m m`ntarnls `m on`l`ms `as krlh`ms darhlns. ]e
    oaeuhnol
    oaeu hnol`a
    `a qum surknu
    surknu me rmspast
    rmspastll l ue glta ha emrol`a gnhlhomnra `mvm smr mholenhfl`a plrl ls m`ntarnls `m
    moahaenl, gnhlhëls m plrl as oacuhnstls m m`ntarnlcnstls `a smkemhta.
    _m hïa fauvmr a eåhnea `m oamrähonl hl farl `m msoacfmr l qume `nvucklr `nvucklr `mtmrenhl
    `mtmrenhl`as
    `as lssuhtas,
    lssuhtas, hïa mxnstm
     gaccaw up qum tmhfl mgmnta.

    MHPZMWN_PL_ NH@NWN@]LN_

    ]e lssuht
    lssuhtaa nepartlhtm plrl ue `mtmrenhl`a
    `mtmrenhl`a smkemhta
    smkemhta pa`m pmr`mr neplota
    neplota la smr pucvmrnzl`a me msplëas
    ourtas `m vìrnls pujcnolëýms, me qum hïa klhfl `mstlqum. Rlrl patmhonlcnzlr
    Rlrl patmhonlcnzlr a mgmnta
    mgmnt a `ls `nvucklëýms,
    `nvucklë ýms, pa`m-sm
    pa`m- sm rmoarrmr
    rmoarr mr âs
    mhtrmvnstls nh`nvn`ulns.
     

    Mcls loaht
    loahtmome
    mome tlhta par sacno
    sacnontlëïa
    ntlëïa-`a
    -`a darhl
    darhlcnstl
    cnstl qulht
    qulhtaa par nhnon
    nhnonltn
    ltnvl
    vl `a lsslssms
    mssa
    sar,
    r, qulh
    qulh`a
    `a sm tme l
    oaeprmmhsïa oarrmtl `m qum `mtmrenhl`a rmpÿrtmr au vmåouca loaeplhfl a tmel oae elns nhtmrmssm m qum, partlhta, fì
    elnar prajljncn`l`m `m qum ls nhgarelëýms `a lssmssarl`a vnrme emsea hatåonl. Hmssm olsa, pmsl oahsn`mrlvmcemhtm a
    glta `m sm trltlr `m uel mhtrmvnstl mxocusnvl plrl ue vmåouca m `m sm tmr, `urlhtm l oahvmrsl, `l`as ôhnoas m nhî`ntas l
    smrme mxpcarl`as. Î l apartuhn`l`m plrl a da darhl
    rhlcns
    cnstl
    tl ls
    lssnh
    snhlr
    lr uuel
    el e
    eltî
    ltîrnl
    rnl ôhn
    ôhnol,
    ol, qum mcm vvln
    ln clhëlr saz
    saznhfa
    nhfa m â grmhtm `m
    ta`as as `melns oacmkls `m pragnssïa.
    Rlrl qum l mhtrmvnstl tmhfl ue jae rmsuctl`a, a lssmssarl`a prmonsl mstlr prmplrl`a plrl rmomjmr l`mqul`lemhtm a
     darhlcns
     darhlcnstl.
    tl. @mvm `ae
    `aenhlr
    nhlr a lssuhta m mhtmh`mr a qum pa`m smr mxtrlå`a `mcm oaea hatåonl. Î oaea mstu`lr plrl uel
    sljltnhl la vnva.
    fnmrlrqunzlëïa L aeltîrnl
    qum lssuhtapujcnol`l
    rmomjm `aaum`ntar
    vmnoucl`l `mpmh`mpmca
    rmspahsìvmc mxocusnvlemhtm
    "gmoflemhta" `l`lpmrompëïa
    m`nëïa `a qum`nl,
    a rmpÿrtmr
    ha eaemhta tmvm m,me
    lnh`l,
    qum sm`l
    `mon`m ah`m m oaea ls hatåonls smrïa pujcnol`ls au vmnoucl`ls.
    Zmomhtmemhtm
    Zmomhtm emhtm pclhmdleas uel `nvuckl
    `nvucklëïa
    ëïa plrl lckuhs krlh`ms vmåou vmåoucas,
    cas, `m elhmnr
    elhmnrll  jl
     jlst
    stlh
    lhtm
    tm ssmk
    mkem
    emht
    htl`
    l`l,
    l, m qqum
    um
    ajtmvm jahs rmsuctl`as. Påhfleas me eïas l hatåonl sajrm a clhëlemhta `m uel krlh`m oleplhfl pujcnontìrnl plrl
    ue hava pra`uta `m cnepmzl qum, oae mssl nhnonltnvl, plsslrnl l jrnklr gartmemhtm pmcl cn`mrlhël `m emrol`a oae uel
    elrol trl`nonahlc.
    trl`nonahlc. \umr
    \umråleas
    åleas atnenzlr a neplota `mssl hatåonl. Rclhmdleas mhtïa mhtrmvnstls nh`nvn`ulns oae lckuels
    rmvnstls smelhlns `m oahtmô`a kmrlc m oae vmåoucas mspmonlcnzl`as hl oajmrturl `m hmkÿonas hl ìrml `m oaeuhnolëïa. Ol`l
     darhlcns
     darhlcnstl
    tl tmv tmepaa m msplëa plrl mhtrmvnstlr a pr
    tmvmm tmep  prnh
    nhon
    onpl
    plcc mxm
    mxmou
    outnv
    tnvaa ``ll mep
    meprms
    rmsll m a pu
     pujc
    jcno
    nont
    ntìr
    ìrna
    na qu
    qumm n`
    n`ml
    mlcnz
    cnzau
    au l oleplhfl.
    Eltîrnl
    Elt îrnlss `ngmrmh
    `ngmrmhtms
    tms gar
    garle
    le pra
    pra`uz
    `uzn`ls
    n`ls,, ta`l
    ta`lss oae `ms
    `mstlq
    tlqum
    um m trltle
    trltlemht mhtaa oar
    oarrmt
    rmtaa l has
    hassa
    sa lss
    lssmss
    mssarl
    arl`a
    `a.. Hïa klrlhtneas
    mxocusnvn`l`m hl `nvucklëïa, els trltleas ol`l vmåouca `m elhmnrl ltmhonasl, ltmh`mh`a âs `melh`ls mspmoågnols `m
    ol`l darhlcnstl.

     L]CL @M DAZHLCN_EA RLZL


    RLZL A OCNMHPM

     da
     darh
    rhlc Hl
    lcnsea.farl
    nseaf. _m
    arlu `m
    _mu ls pprmpl
    lssm rmplrlr
    smssar rlr aprm
    ssarl`a
    l`a oocnmh
    cnmhtm
    onslltmtm
    prmons pplrl
    tmrrlrl
    om uel
    omrtl
    rtl mhtr
    mhtrmvns
    gle mvnstl,
    glencnl
    ncnlrn` tl, vaoä
    rn`l`m
    l`m oae prmo
    prmonsl
    nslom`nem
    as pra
    as `anemhta
     praom` `n
    `n`l
    `ltn
    tnse
    sea
    htas la`atl`a
    `ml`as
    s l`at uespr
    prag
    agms
    pmclmssa
    pmcl sar
    rm r plrl
    rmpa pl
    part rlme,
    rtlk ue
    uel
    lkme ,lmht
    mrì
    rìpn
    pn`l
    htmh`l
    `mrlucl
    mh`m lu
    r aclqum
    qu`mm
    rmlcemhtm î hatåonl, qulns sïa as plssas
     

     plrl sul mcljarlëïa


    mcljarlëïa hl ratnhl lcuonhl
    lcuonhlhtm
    htm `a gmoflem
    gmoflemhta
    hta `ls m`nëýms
    m`nëýms.. Lcîe `nssa,
    `nssa, hl
    hl farl `m
    `m glclr
    glclr oae a rmpÿrtmr,
    rmpÿrtmr, tmrì
    tmrì `m sm
    ltmr, hls rmspast
    rmspastls,
    ls, lpmhls
    lpmhls la qum gan
    g an pmrkuhtl`a, oae ue `nsoursa ajdmtnva m suonhta.
    Lhtms `m rmomjmr a rmpÿrtmr, l lssmssarnl `mvm oaeuhnoì-ca `m qum smrì uel mhtrmvnstl nh`nvn`ulc m mxocusnvl ha
    qum `mpmh`mr `m smu lssmssarl`a
    lssmssarl`a (pa`m aoarrmr `m l emsel nhgarelëïa ofmklr la emrol`a par autras olenhfas), m qum
    a glta `m tmr sn`a msoacfn`a lpmhls ue vmåouca lolrrmtl uel mxpmotltnvl `m qum a lssuhta tmhfl ue trltlemhta elns
    ljrlhkmhtm. Waoä `mvm pmrku
    `mvm  pmrkuhtlr
    htlr la rmpÿrtmr
    rmpÿr tmr sm mcm lofl passåvmc qum nssa aoarrl m `mvm tlejîe lcmrtì-ca plrl a rnsoa
    `m vlzlemhta `l nhgarelëïa ha emsea `nl par autrls gahtms.
     H Na fì elc lckue me loaeplhflr `m pmrta l m`nëïa `l eltîrnl, eltîrnl, oaca
    oacaolh
    olh`a-s
    `a-smm â `nspasnëïa `a darhlcnstl plrl
    nhgarelëýms l`nonahlns m tmhtlh`a sm omrtngnolr `m qum a rmpÿrtmr rmlcemhtm oaeprmmh`mu a lssuhta. Mssl sntulëïa î jme
    `ngmrmhtm `l `msorntl qulh`a glcmn safrm ga/Nanv up, me qum hïa sm `mvm pm`nr klrlhtnl `m pujcnolëïa, uel vmz qum vaoä "`nspl-
    rau" smu rmcmlsm plrl vìrnls `nrmëýms. Ha olsa `m mxocusnvls
    mxocusnvls,, lejas mstïa jusolh`a
    mstïa jusolh`a sltnsglzmr smus nhtmrmssms. @m ue cl`a,
    nepartl vmr l eltîrnl vmnoucl`l. @m autra, a elns nepartlhtm î l mxocusnvn`l`m.
    ]el vmz loar`l`l l mhtrmvnstl, vaoä `mvmrì 'Plrnglr" a darhl
     darhlcns
    cnstl,
    tl, prmp
    prmplrl
    lrlh`a-a
    h`a-a oae ls nhgarelëýms prmcnenhlrms m tnrlh`a
    `ôvn`ls oarrnqumnrls, `m ea`a qum a tmepa `m`nol`a â mhtrmvnstl smdl lpravmntl`a a eìxneaeìxnea pas
     passåv
    såvmc.
    mc.
    L.  prmsmhël `a lssmssar `urlhtm l mhtrmvnstl nh`nvn`ulc `mvm smr prmvnlemhtm
    prmvnlemhtm oaeuhnol`l
    oaeuhnol`l la rmpÿ
    rmpÿrtmr
    rtmr,, qum tme,
    lssne, l passnjncn`l`m `m aptlr au hïa par cmvlr a trljlcfa l`nlhtm. Fì  darhl  darhlcnstl
    cnstlss qum sm oahstrlhkme m ltî sm lofle
    nhvl`n`as
    nhvl` n`as pmcl  prmsmhël `a lssmssar.
    lssmssar. Loahsmcfa
    Loahsmcfa qum vaoä loaeplhfm l mhtrmvnstl plrl qum passl qum  passl luxncnlr a lssmssarl`a
    oae nhgnhgare
    arelë
    lëýms
    ýms oae
    oaepcm
    pcmemh
    emhtlr
    tlrms
    ms m oahf
    oahfmmomr
    omr as prÿx
    prÿxneneasas  praom`n
     pra om`nemht
    emhtas,
    as, olsa a rm rmpÿ
    pÿrt
    rtmr
    mr pr
    prmo
    mons
    nsmm `m `l`as
    oaepcmemhtlrms.. Pa`a euh`a klhfl oae nssa. Els fì olsas
    oaepcmemhtlrms olsas me qum as `ans,  partl-  par tl-vaz
    vaz m  darhlcnstl, gnole elns â
    vahtl`m sm mstnvmrme saznhfas. _m a smu lssmssarl`a sm smhtnr smkura m prmplrl`a, hïa mxnstm qulcqumr rmstrnëïa plrl qum
    saemhtm mcm ltmh`l la rmpÿrtmr.
    Euntls vmzms a ocnmhtm pm`m l prmsmhël `a lssmssar plrl
    lssmssar  plrl sm omrtngnolr `m qum a qum gan `nta î ôtnc oaea nhgarelëïa
     plrl l neprmhsl, uel vmz qum fì a rmoahfmonemh
    rmoahf monemhta
    ta `m qum as lssmssarms
    lssmss arms garle prmplrl`as
    prmpl rl`as plrl "tlcflr" as gltas,
    trlhsgarelh`a-as
    trlhsgarelh`a-as me hatåonls, m plrl
    m  plrl arnmhtlr a lssmssarl`a l mhgltnzlr a qum rmlcemhtm î rmcmvlhtm m `m nhtmrmssm pôjcnoa.
     

    MHPZMWN_PL_ OACMPNWL_
    Mhtrmvnstls oacmtnvls sïa nh`nol`ls plrl oaeuhnolr lssuhtas `m rmcmvêhonl
    rmcm vêhonl m, sm rmlcnzl`ls l`mqul`lemhtm, guhonahle
    oaea ue mxomcmhtm nhstruemhta `m rmclëýms pôjcnols m `m `nvucklëïa.
    Ra`meass ontlr,
    Ra`mea ontlr, rlpn`lemhtm,
    rlpn`lemhtm, lckuhs mxmepcas
    mxmepcas `m sntulëýms qum dustngnole l oahvaolëïa
    oahvaolëïa `m oacmtnvls.
    oacmtnvls. _ïa mcms4 a
    lhôhon
    lhô honaa `m em`n`l
    em`n`lss hl ìrmlìrml kavmrhl
    kavmrhlemht
    emhtlc9
    lc9 `m nhvmstne
    nhvmstnemhta
    mhtas9
    s9 msoclrm
    msoclrmonem
    onemhtas
    htas pôjcnoas
    pôjcnoas99 `nvuckl
    `nvucklëï
    ëïaa `m prîena
    prîenass
    nhtmrhlonahlns m nhî`ntas9 gnhlcnzlëïa `m praomssas `m gusïa m lqunsnëïa9 oaeuhnol`a sajrm `msmepmhfa gnhlhomnra m oa-
    emronlc
    emro nlc `m krlh`ms
    krlh`ms oahkcae
    oahkcaemrl
    mrl`as9
    `as9 oahtrlt
    oahtrltlëï
    lëïaa `m nepartlh
    nepartlhtms
    tms dakl`arms
    dakl`arms `m gutmjac9
    gutmjac9 oahvaolë
    oahvaolëïaïa `m smcmëýms
    smcmëýms99
    oahgnrel
    oahgnrelëïaëïa `mî lkulr`l`ls
    L rmkrl lkulr`l
    elns au`ls elhngmstlëýms
    elhngmstl
    emhas ëýmsemrmom
    snepcms4 oucturlnsmhtrmvnstl
    m lrtåstnols.
    lrtåstnols.
    oacmtnvl a lssuhta qum eajncnzl ls ltmhëýms m täe neplota
    sajrm l vn`l `l papuclëïa. Euntls vmzms a clhëlemhta `m oleplhfls pujcnontìrnls, `m havas pra`utas au l `nvucklëïa `m
     jlclhëas gnhlhomnras, gmnrls m mvmhtas `m lckuhslck uhs smkemht
    smke mhtasas tlejîe
    tle jîe pa`me
    pa` me rmomjmr
    rmom jmr a emsea
    emse a trl
    trltle
    tlemht
    mhta,
    a, `nrmonahl`a
    `nrmon ahl`a
     plrl vmåoucas
    v måoucas au m`ntarnls
    m`nt arnls qum
    q um oujrle
    oujr le mspmongnole
    mspm ongnolemhtm
    mhtm as
    a s smtarms
    smtar ms `ls arklhnzlëýms
    arklhn zlëýms `nvuckl`
    ` nvuckl`ls.
    ls.
    Mhtrmvnstls oacmtnvls oahstntume ue mvmhta â plrtm, dì qum eajncnzle la emsea tmepa vìrnas darhlcnstls me tarha `a
    lssmssarl`a m mxnkme mstrltîknl mspmoågnol me ta`ls ls mtlpls `m rmlcnzlëïa.
    Lhtmss `m plrtnr plrl l arklhnzl
    Lhtm arklhnzlëïa
    ëïa `a mvmhta,
    mvmhta, a eatnva
    eatnva `l oacoacmtnv
    mtnvll `mvm
    `mvm smr eunta jme lhlcnsl`a
    lhlcnsl`a m dustngnol
    dustngnol`a
    `a par 
    lssmssarms me oahduhta oae as ocnmhtms. @mvm-sm ofmolr sm hïa flvmrì autrl oacmtnvl ha emsea `nl m farìrna. Î prmonsa trmnhlr a
     partl-v
     par tl-vaz
    az plrl
    plrl l oacmtnvl
    oacmtnvl,, par emna
    emna `m em`nl tenhnhks elns au emhas oaepcmtas. Pa`ls ls nhgarelëýms garhmon`ls `mvme smr 
    oahtmxtulcnzl`ls m lpurl`ls rnkaraslemhtm plrl qum sm tmhfl smkurlhël `m qum ls pmrkuhtls gareucl`ls smrïa rmspah`n`ls l
    oahtmhta pmca lssmssarl`a. Î hmomssìrna pravn`mhonlr aprmss int, lkmh`lr a caolc m a `nl `a mvmhta (mvntm ls smxtls-gmnrls4 mejarl
    ls rmvnstls smelhlns rlrlemhtm oujrle mssm tnpa `m mvmhta, î hmssm `nl qum aoarrm a gmoflemhta `mssls m`nëý m`nëýms)9
    ms)9 mstnpuclr a farìrna
    (smeprm mhtrm >f m <=f m, `mpmh`mh`a `l aolsnïa, l mhtrmvnstl pa`m smr rmlcnzl`l me emna l ue olgî `l elhfï au l ue
    lceaëa). _ÿ l plrtnr `l oahgnrelëïa `mssms prmplrltnvas î qum sïa mentn`as as oahvntms plrl l mhtrmvnstl. Hl smodôähonl, l mqunpm

    `m lssmssarms `mvm glzmr agaccawup plrl oahgnrelr l prmsmhël `as darhlcnstls.


    darhlcnstls.
     

    Emsea qum l oacmtnvl lhuhonl`l uel smelh


    oacmtnvl smdl lhuhonl`l smelhll lhtm
    lhtms,
    s, âs vîspmrls
    vîspmrls `l `ltl `m rmlcnzlëïa
    rmlcnzlëïa tarhl-sm
    tarhl-sm hmomssìrna
    hmomssìrna
    rmgarëlr l oahva
    oahvaolëï
    olëïa.
    a. Oahgarem a hôemra `m oahgnrelëýms, l mqunpm `l lssmssarnl `mvmrì `nsoutnr l vnljncn`l`m `m sm
    elhtmr a mvmhta. Hïa î hl`l jae
    hl`l  jae plr
    plrll a lssmssa
    lssm ssarl`a
    rl`a arklhn
    ark lhnzlr
    zlr uel oac
    oacmtn
    mtnvl,
    vl, mxpar-sm `nlhtm `m ue krlh`m hôemra `m
     darhlcn
     dar hlcnstls
    stls m rmomjmr
    rmom jmr lpmhls
    lpmhl s ue au `ans rmpÿrtmr
    rmpÿ rtmrms.
    ms. Hmssm olsa, î hmomssìrna
    hmomssìrn a rmvmr rlpn`lemhtm
    rlpn`le mhtm l mstrltîknl,
    mstrltîk nl, sme,
    oahtu`a
    oah tu`a,, `mseahtlr ta`l l mstruturl dì prmplrl`l  ‐ a qum smrnl a emsea qum lssnhlr ue ltmstl`a `m `msnhtmrmssm `l
    neprmhsl par smu lssmssarl`a.
    @urlhtm
    @url htm l oacmtnvl,
    oacmtnvl, as lssmssarms
    lssmssarms `mvme gnolr l pastas
    pastas plrl msoclrmomr
    msoclrmomr `ôvn`ls m vmrng
    vmrngno
    nolr
    lr sm î hmomssìrna mholenhflr 
    nhgarelëýms
    nhgarel ëýms oaepcmemhtlrm
    oaepcmemhtlrmss âs rm`lëý
    rm`lëýms. Mhomrrl`aa a mvm
    ms. Mhomrrl` mvmhta
    hta,, `mv
    `mvme
    me smr oahsuc
    oahsuctl`
    tl`as
    as as vmå
    vmåouc
    oucas
    as ah cnhm
    cnhm  plr
     plrll ofmolr
    ofmolr sm l
    emhslkme
    rmpmtn`as hasgandarhlns
    oarrmtlemhtm mhtmh`n`l.
    `a `nl smkunhtm. _m fauvmr
    Wmrngnol`a nhoarrmëýms,
    a ocnppnhk l lssmssarnl
    oaepcmta, `mvm
    l lssmssarnl `mvmoarrnkn-cls l tmepa lhlcnslr
    mcljarlr rmcltÿrna, `m mvntlreltîrnls
    qum as vmnoucl`ls
    mrras smdlem
    glzmr l lvlcnlëïa plrl a ocnmhtm.
    ]e `m hassas krlh`ms ocnmhtms tnhfl uel hatåonl `m krlh` krlh`mm neplota l smr `nvuckl`l hïa lpmhls plrl a Jrlsnc, els
     plrl a eueuh`h`aa nh nhtm
    tmnr
    nra.
    a. Mcm lol
    loljlv
    jlvll `m garegarelcn
    lcnzlr
    zlr uel lcnllcnlhël
    hël mstrltîk
    mstrltîknol
    nol oae ue krl krlh`m
    h`m  pclymr nhtmrhlonahlc `a
    emrol`a
    emrol`a m,  duhtas,  plsslrnle l cn`mrlr a smtar. Lckuhs jaltas sajrm l apmrlëïa oaemëlrle l onrouclr mhtrm lhlcnstls m hl
    neprm
    nep rmhsl
    hsl msmstrl
    trlhkm
    hkmnrl
    nrl,, el
    elss l oaepl
    oaeplhfn hfnll hïa  pa`nl sm  pasn pasnonahlr
    onahlr mhqulhta l trlhslëïa hïa gassm orntmrnaslemhtm
    orntmrnaslem htm
    oaeuhnol
    oaeu hnol`l ÿrkïas rmkucl`arms `a emrol`a gnhlhomnra `as plåsms me qum mstïa sm`nl`ls ls `uls meprmsl
    `l las ÿrkïas meprmsls.s. Els,
    `nlhtm `l nepartêhonl `l hatåonl, `m smus mgmntas sajrm ls lëýms `ls meprmsls m sajrm ls moahaenls hlonahlns me qumstïa, l
    `nvucklë
    `nvu cklëïa `mvmrnl smr gmntl `m elhm
    ïa `mvmrnl elhmnrlnrl lepcl.
    lepcl. Lcîe `nssa,`nssa, prmonslvl
     prmonslvl smr loaeplhfl`l oae a emsea oun`l`a `m uel
    `nvuck
    `nvucklëï mxocusn
    lëïaa mxo cusnvl,
    vl, ` l`l` l l oae
    oaepcmpcmxn`
    xn`l`m
    l`m `a hmk hmkÿon
    ÿonaa rml
    rmlcnz
    cnzl`a
    l`a m ` a s m gm gm nta
    ntass qu
    qumm nhgarel
    nhgarelëýms
    ëýms nhoarrmtls
    nhoarrmtls
     pa`mrn
     pa` mrnle
    le lolrrmtlr.
    Rrakrleau-sm mhtïa uel mhtrmvnstl oacmtnvl ha Jrlsnc, me farìrna qum oahoncnlssm a oueprnemhta `ls rmkrls `m
    emrol`a has `ans plåsms, oae gusas `ngmrmhtms. L neprmhsl gan oflel`l plr oflel`l  plrll a mvmhta, sme rmom rmomjmr
    jmr l oahgnrelëïa sajrm
    a lssuhta l sm s mr lj
    ljarar`l
    `l`a
    `a ‐ `mvn
    `mvn`a`a âs rmstrnë
    rmstrnëýms
    ýms cmklns
    cmklns `m uel `nvuck`nvucklëïlëïaa prmoao
    prmoaom.m. Hl aolsnï
    aolsnïa,a, prmvne
    prmvneasas
    lpraxnel`le
    lprax nel`lemhtm pragnssnahlnss  plrl ltmh`
    mhtm `mz pragnssnahln ltmh`mr
    mr l neprmhsl
    neprmhsl `urlhtm l oacmtnvl. Oae l mvacuëïa `as loahtmonemhtas,
    trljlcfleas
    trljlcfl eas oae uel mqunpm `m qulrmhtl pmssals, ltmh`mh`a, sneuctlhmlemh sneuctlhmlemhtm, tm, l neprmhsl mstrlhkm
    mstrlhkmnrl,
    nrl, mspmonlcn
    mspmonlcnzl`l
    zl`l,,
    hlonahlc m lckuhs lhlcnstls `m emrol`a.
     

    Autra mxmepca `m aolsnýms me qum ls mhtrmvns


    mhtrmvnstls
    tls oacmtnvls
    oacmtnvls sïa l emcfar lctmrhltnvl plrl uel `nvucklëïa mstì hl
    mxpmrnähonl `ls oahomssnahìrnls mcîtrnols `url
    `urlhtm
    htm a rlo
    rlonahl
    nahlemhta
    emhta `m mhmrknl, me :22<. Ls nhgarelëýms `msmhoahtrl`ls
    sajrm l rmlc sntulëïa `as rmsmrvltÿrnas vnhfle `a kavmrha, oahguh`nle l neprmhsl m `mnxlvle ls oaeplhfnls oae l
    rmspah
    rmspahslj
    sljncn`
    ncn`l`m
    l`m `m lclcmr
    mrtl
    tlrr las
    las oahs
    oahsue
    uen`
    n`ar
    arms
    ms.. Mssms lcmr
    lcmrtl
    tlss `mvm
    `mvmrn
    rnle
    le prprae
    aeavm
    avmrr uel eu`l
    eu`lhël
    hël praguh`
    praguh`ll `m
    oaepartlemhta plrl moahae
    moahaenzlr
    nzlr mhmrknl
    mhmrknl ‐ ue jme qum, plrl
    plrl a jrlsncmnra,
    jrlsncmnra, smeprm
    smeprm gan usl`a oae ljuh`êhonl (prl
    ( prl hïa
    `nzmr `mspmr`åona).
    Gan hmssm oahtmxta qum ls oahomssnahìrnls taelrle pî `l sntulëïa m arklhnzlrle mhtrmvnstls oacmtnvls plrl `nvucklr 
    nhgarelëýms sajrm oaea l papuclëïa `mvmrnl moahaenzlr m sajrm l mstrut mstruturl
    url tîohnol `m ltmh`nemhta la oahsuen`ar qum
    smrnl arklhnzl
    arklhnzl`a
    `a plrl a  pmrå
     pmråa`a
    a`a.. A ea`mca `m "nhomhtnva" l`atl`a pmca kavmrha plrl a oahsuen`ar qum pauplssm
    mhmrknl mrl, ha eåhnea, oahgusa. Ljrlhknl oìcoucas `m euctl l  plrtnr `m qulhtn`l`ms oahsuen`ls huel em`n`l `m mhmrknl
    qum a on`l`ïa oaeue hïa oahsmkunl oaeprmmh`mr.
    Rar emna
    emna `l neprmh
    neprmhsl oahomss
    sl,, ls oaho mssnah
    nahìrnl
    ìrnlss `nvu
    `nvuckl
    cklrle
    rle mss
    mssms
    ms emo
    emolhnse
    lhnseas
    as m,  prnhonplcemhtm, oahsmkunrle lepcl
    vnsnjn
    vnsnjncn`
    cn`l`m
    l`m plr
    plrll as sn
    snst
    stme
    mels
    ls `m ltm
    ltmh`n
    h`nem
    emhta
    hta la  pôjcnoa
     pôjcn oa  ‐ a qum  pmrentnu
     pmren tnu a msoclr
    msoclrmone
    monemhta
    mhta `ls `ôv
    `ôvn`l
    n`ls.
    s. Oae ls
    mhtrmvnstls oacmtnvls, mssls nhgarelëýms garle emcfar `nssmenhl`ls m oahtracl`ls pmcls
    oahtracl`ls  pmcls meprmsls. A mgmnta, dì
    mgmnta,  dì oahfmon`a,
    gan ue `as emcfarms mxmepcas sajrm oaea l oaeuhnolëïa jme gmntl eu`l oaepartlemhtas m î olplz `m eajncnzlr 
     papuc
     pap uclëý
    lëýms.
    ms.

    \]LH@A L NERZMH_L HÏA OAERLZMOM


    Olsa aoarrl jlnxa oaeplrmonemhta
    oaeplrmonemhta `l neprmhsl
    neprmhsl la mvmhta, vaoä pa`mrì
    vaoä pa`mrì cnklr `nrmtlemhtm plrl
    `nrmtlemhtm plrl ls ofmgnls `m rm`lëïa m
    tmhtlr rmoupmrlr l ltmhëïa `a vmåouca plrl a lssuhta, `nspah`a smu lssmssarl`a plrl mhtrmvnstl par tmcmgahm. Euntls vmzms a
    vmåouca, lpmslr
    lpmslr `m tmr nhtmrmssm
    nhtmrmssm ha tmel, hïa oahtl oae pragnssnahlc `nspahåvmc
    `nspa håvmc hlqumcm eaemhta plrl smr `mscaol`a ltî a caolc
    caolc
    `nl  ‐ m hl emsel farl ‐
    `l oacmtnvl. Ra`me surknr lnh`l neprmvnstas ha emsea `nl ‐ farl ‐ qum eajncnzme l ltmhëïa `l neprmhsl, oaea
    oltìstrag
    oltìstragms,
    ms, lhôhonas nhmspmrl`as `m kavmrha au eartm `m lckuel
    lc kuel pmrsahlcn`l`m.
    Zmvnstls
    Zmvns tls smelhlns
    smelhlns hïa l`atle oaea prìtnol
    prìtnol mhvnlr
    mhvnlr pragnssnahl
    pragnssnahlns
    ns  plrl oacmtnvls. Rlrl mcls, a tmel smrì lssuhta
    "vmcfa", ljar`l`a pmcas vmåoucas `nìrnas m `m nhtmrhmt, qulh`a l prÿxnel m`nëïa ofmklr âs jlh-
     

    ols. ]el lctmrhltnvl î agmrmomr âs smelhlns lckue glta au gahtm havl rmclonahl`l la lssuhta ljar`l`a, sah`lh`a-
    ls sajrm a nhtmrmssm me `ms`ajrlr l plutl oae nhgarelëýms hïa `nvuckl`ls
    `nvuckl`ls hl oacmtnvl au oae autras mhgaqums. _m a
    lssu
    lssuhta
    hta gar rmlce
    rmlcemh
    mhtm
    tm eu
    eunta
    nta jae (oae
    (oaeaa a lhôh
    lhôhon
    onaa `m krlh`ms apmrlëýms `m gusïa m lqunsnëïa, uel em`n`l ka-
    vmrhlemhtlc
    vmrhlem htlc `m krlh`m neplota, mhtrm autrls sntulëýms),
    sntulëýms), ls smelhlns tmhtl
    tmhtlrïa,
    rïa,  par oahtl prÿprn
    oahtl  prÿprnl,
    l, glzmr uel lpurlëïa
     jlstlhtmm lpraguh`l`l,
     jlstlht lprag uh`l`l, olplz `m lprms
    l prmsmhtl
    mhtlrr las cmntarms uel vnsïa eunta elns ljrlhkmhtm.

    A PMPA @A _]RMZEMZOL@A @M_LJA] 

    Omrtl vmz, hl emsel tlr`m me qum mstlvl prmvnstl


    mstlvl prmvnstl uel oacmtnvl, a tmta `m ue supmremrol`a me _ïa Rluca `msljau.
    Lpmhls ue vmåouca oaeplrmomu la hassa mvmhta. Lnh`l lssne, a lssuhta qum mstìvleas `nvucklh`a gan ljar`l`a m a ocnmhtm gan
    mhtrmvnstl`a par ta`as as darhlns parqum "oarrmeas ltrìs" plrl rmskltlr a nhtmrmssm `ls rm`lëýms. Hl îpaol hïa flvnl a usa
    gloncntl`a `m m-elncs. @mnxleas uel mqunpm `m eatajaysât pclht
     pclhtïa
    ïa olsa
    olsa a eltmrn
    eltmrnlc
    lc tnvmssm
    tnvmssm qum smr
    smr cmvl`a
    cmvl`a rlpn`l
    rlpn`lemhtm
    emhtm âs rm`lë
    rm`lëýms.
    ýms.
    Rravn`
    Rra vn`mho
    mhonle
    nleas
    as gatÿkrlgas m ue msqumel plrl rmvmclr rlpn`lemhtm ls gatas. _mkunh`a hassl arnmhtlëï arnmhtlëïa,
    a, a ocnmhtm `mnxau l
    lkmh`l me ljmrta `urlhtm a `nl, sme autras oaepraenssas, plrl qum, lssne, pu`mssm ltmh`mr nh`nvn`ulcemhtm las las darhlcnstls
     darhlcnstls,,
     par tmcmgahm. Lpmslr `a sugaoa m `l "olrl `m tlofa" qum gnol gnoleas
    eas hl grmhtm `a ocnmhtm ha eaemhta `l oacmtnvl, `nlhtm `l slcl
    vlznl, mcm gnoau eunta sltnsgmnta oae a rmsuctl`a gnhlc.

    NHGAZELËÝM_ MVOC]_NWL_ RLZL OAC]HN_PL_


    Oacuhnstls `mvme smr lomssl`as hl mxnstähonl `m lckuel nhgarelëïa `l`l oae mxocusnvn`l`m. Î a olsa `m uel lhìcnsm
    gmntl par
    ôhnol gmntl  par smu lssmssarl`a m qum snkhngnqum ue lvlhëa ha `mjltm sajrm `mtmrenhl`a lssuhta. Mcm `mvm smr rmoahfmon`a
    oaea gahtm, oaea pmssal mspmonlcnzl`l me smu smkemhta, qum pa`m smr oahsuctl`l pmrna`nolemhtm
    oahsuctl`l pmrna`nolemhtm pmca
     pmca oacuhnstl.
    Ls oacuhls hïa pujcnole saemhtm nhgarelëýms mxocusnvls. Euntls vmzms, as oacuhnstls täe nhtmrmssm me uel havl
    ljar`lkme `m ue lssuhta dì `nvuckl`a au jusole lprmsmhtlr `ms`ajrlemhtas nhtmrmsslhtms sajrm lssuhtas `m krlh`m
    rmpmroussïa.
     

    RL]PL_ M_RMONLN_
    L praxnen`l`m onm `ltls oaea Hltlc,
    oaea Hltlc, @nl `as Rlns, @nl `ls Eïms, @nl `ls Ornlhëls,
    Ornlhëls, @nl `l _mormt
    _mormtìrnl,
    ìrnl, lcîe `m mvmhtas
    oaea gmnrls smtarnlns, plcmstrls m aolsnýms mspmonlns (par mxmepca4 lhnvmrsìrna `ls
    `ls prnvltn
     prnvltnzlëým
    zlëýmss me ue smtar mspmoågnoa, `m passm
    `m kavmrhas, mhtrm autrls)
    autrls) pa`me
     pa`me smr uel  jal apartuhn`l`m plrl ls oflel`ls plutls mspmonlns, qum ljar`le `mtmrenhl`as
    lssuhtas oae elnar gðcmka. Waoä pa`m sukmrnr las rmpÿrtmrms lckuhs `l`as sajrm sajrm Xpmrgarelhom `a smu lssmssarl`a ha eaemhta
    rmpartl`a.

    RL]PL_ OAHPMVP]LCNTL@L_
    Rlrl ue jae lssmssa
    lssmssarr `m neprmhsl,
    neprmhsl, qulcqumr
    qulcqumr lssu
    lssuht
    htaa  pa`m sm trlhs
    trlhsgarelr
    garelr me sukmstïa `m plutl, `ms`m qum
    `mvn`lemhtm oahtmxtulcnz
    oahtmxtulcnzl`a.
    l`a.

    O  LGΠ MVRZM__A
    Omrtl vmz gaeas sacnontl`as l `nvucklr l mhtrl`l, ha emrol`a `m olgî mxprmssa, `m uel trl`nonahlc meprmsl `a
    smtar. A `mtlcfm î qum mcl mrl l ôctnel l mhtrlr ha smkemhta, tarhlh`a qulsm hucl, lssne, l oflhom `m l neprmhsl sm
    nhtmrmsslr pmca lssuhta, l hïa smr pmca lspmota hmkltnva ‐ a `m mcl tmr `mearl`a eunta plrl taelr mssl `monsïa.
    Rmsqunsleas a emrol`a m `msoajrneas, â îpaol, qum a Jrlsnc mrl ue `as plåsms plåsms ah`m elns sm vmh`nle
    vmh`nle eìqunhls
    eìqunhls
    `m olgî mxprmssa plrl oahsuea me olsl.
     Ha autra `nl, prapusmeas
    prapu smeas uel eltîrnl
    eltîr nl mxocusnvl
    mxocu snvl plrl uel rmvnstl
    rmvns tl
    smelhlc. L nhnonltnvl `mu omrta m a tåtuca `l eltîrnl gan4 "Wmh`l rmoar`m
    `m eìqunhls ha Jrlsnc glz l trl`nonahlc.....mhtrlr ha olgî mxprmssa".
     Hl smquähonl, hl oaznhfl mxpmrnemhtlc `l meprmsl, garle prapastls vìrnls ltnvn`l`ms `m rmclëýms pôjcnols, oaea ue
    olgî `l elhfï plrl
    elhfï plrl ofmgs `m rmstlurlhtms gleasas, au smdl, uel vnsn
    vnsntl
    tl `m pmrsahlc
    pmrsahlcn`l`
    n`l`ms
    ms l uel `ls uhn`l`ms (uel fnstÿrnol
    tarrmgl`arl) m a clhëlemhta `m ue cnvra `m rmomntls plrl elrolr l aolsnïa. M, lssne, emsea ofmklh`a `mpans `m ta`as as
    oahoarrmhtms, mssl meprmsl klhfau vnsnjncn`l`m hl eå`nl l`mqul`l, a qum oahtrnjunu plrl luemhtlr sul plrtnonplëïa ha
    emrol`a `m olgî.
    A clhëlemhta `a pra`uta oanhon`nu oae a omhtmhìrna `l meprmsl m l aolsnïa passnjncntau lnh`l l m`nëïa `m ue cnvra
    fnstÿrnoa,
    fnstÿrnoa, loaeplhfl`l
    loaeplhfl`l `m lëýms `m rmclonahlemhta
    rmclonahlemh ta oae a  pôjc
     pôjcnoa
    noa nhstnt
    n hstntuonah
    uonahlc,
    lc, garel`a,
    garel `a,
     

    hmssm olsa, par plrclemhtlrms, mxmoutnvas `m kavmrhas m rmprmsmhtlhtms `m mhtn`l`


    mhtn`l`ms
    ms `m oclssm has caolns me qum a
    ocnmhtm  passuål
    ocnmhtm passu ål uhn`l`m
    uh n`l`mss nh`ustrnlns m oaemronlns.
    oaemronlns.

     LZPNKA_
     LZPNKA_
    ]el garel `m nhsmrëïa `a lssmssarl`a hl neprmhsl î l pra`uëïa `m lrtnkas mhvnl`as plrl ls m`ntarnls `m apnhnïa `as
    krlh`ms vmåoucas `m oaeuhnolëïa, cmvlh`a l lssnhlturl `m ue nepartlhtm partl-vaz `l arklhnzlëïa.
    L vmnouclëïa `a lrtnka nh`nol qum, oaea lutar, mssm partl-vaz mstì orm`mhonl`a
    orm`mhonl`a plrl `lr nepartlhtms oahtrnjunëýms
    â `nsoussïa `m `mtmrenhl`a lssuhta `m nhtmrmssm pôjcnoa, rmclonahl`a â ltnvn`l`m.
     H me smeprm
    smeprm as mxmoutnvas täe tmepa m plonähonl plrl pmsqunslr sajrm a tmel, tmomr uel lrkuemhtlëïa m mhtïa rm`nknr 
    ue lrtnka. Autras, ha mhtlhta, glzme qumstïa `m msormvä-cas `m prÿprna puhfa. @m qulcqumr garel, a  prÿprna  prÿpr na lssmssa
    lssmssar 
    r 
     pa`m sm agmrm
    agmrmomr
    omr plrl pra`
    pra`uznr
    uznr a tmxt
    tmxta,
    a, uel vmz qum oahfmom sugnonmhtmemhtm jme a lssuhta ljar`l`a m l pasnëïa `a
    lssmssarl`a sajrm mstm. Parhl-sm, lssne, ue  kfast wrntmr. Au smdl, mcm rm`nkm a tmxta qum, `mpans `m lpravl`a pmca ocnmhtm ‐ 
    qum a lssuem oaea smu ‐ 
    smu ‐ , î mholenhfl`a plrl a darhlc au rmvnstl nhtmrmssl`a hl pujcnolëïa.
    As lrtnkas sïa uel jal garel `m nhsmrnr a lssmssarl`a me `mtmrenhl`ls `nsoussýms`nsoussýms par
     parqum
    qum glouctle msplëa jme
    elns lepca plrl paht
    plrl  pahtulr
    ulr lrkuemhtas, rmjltmr oråtnols m lprmsmhtlr gltas havas.  Huel mht mhtrmv
    rmvns
    nstl
    tl oarrn
    oarrnqumnr
    qumnrll oae ue
    rmp
    rmpÿrt
    ÿrtmr,
    mr, ta`
    ta`as
    as mssms
    mssms  paht
     pa htas
    as  pa`
     pa`me
    me smr rmssl
    rmsslctl`as
    ctl`as,, els
    els pa`me
    pa`me hïa  plsslr  pmcl fnmfnmrlr
    rlrqun
    qunll `m nh
    nhga
    gare
    relë
    lëýmýmss qum a
     darhlc
     dar nstll msoacf
    hlcnst msoacfmm  plrl a tmxta. Lckuels `moclrlëýms
    `moclrlëýms oarrme lnh lnh`l
    `l a rnsoa `m hïa smrme jme oahtm oahtmxtulcn
    xtulcnzl`l
    zl`ls.s. Has
    lrtnka
    lrtnkas,
    s, a tmx
    tmxta
    ta `a ocn
    ocnmht
    mhtmm î puj
    pujcno
    cnol`a
    l`a hl åhtmkr
    åhtmkrl.
    l. Ls m`ntar
    m`ntarnls
    nls `m apn
    apnhnï
    hnïaa oas
    oastue
    tuele
    le lpmh
    lpmhls,
    ls, me lckuhs olsas, glzmr 
    `mtmrenhl`as "oartms" ha tmxta, plrl qum mcm olnjl ha msplëa rmsmrvl`a hl pìknhl.

    MHOAHPZA_ NHGAZELN_
    Waoä pa`m lkmh`lr lceaëas m mhoahtras nhgarelns oae l neprmhsl emsea qum hïa tmhfl lssuhtas l `nvucklr. L
    aolsnï
    aolsnïaa î nhtm
    nhtmrms
    rmsslh
    slhtm
    tm plr
    plrll smu lssmssarl
    lssmssarl`a,
    `a, qum mst
    mstrmnt
    rmntll rmcl
    rmclonah
    onahlem
    lemhta
    htas,
    s, m plr
    plrll a darh
    darhlcns
    lcnstl,
    tl, qum î lprmsmhtl`a au
    snepcmsemhtm rmvä uel jal gahtm.
     

    Darhlcnstls elns mxpmrnmhtms ‐ mspmonlcemhtm rmpÿrtmrms "`l lhtnkl"


     ‐ hïa täe euntl plonähonl plrl mssm tnpa `m mhoahtra. _meprm lofle
    qum hmhfue oahvntm lssne mstì cnvrm `m omrtas nhtmrmssms `a lssmssarl`a.
     Hnssa, mcms täe ljsacutl rlzïa. Lceaëas oaepcmtlemhtm
    `msprmtmhsnasas sÿ sïa gmntas oae lenkas au plrmhtms. M ltî mssms sïa
    `ngåomns `m loahtmomr.
    Els a qum qumra `nzmr î qum mvmhtas mhtrm darhlcnstl m gahtm pa`me
    loahtmomr hïa parqum fì a nhtmrmssm nem`nlta `m qum, slnh`a `lcn, a
    rmpÿrtmr msormvl uel eltîrnl glvarìvmc sajrm a lssmssarl`a. Me euntls
    aolsnýms, hmhfuel hatåonl au passåvmc plutl î `mjltn`l. _ïa `nsoutn`as
    lssuhtas `nvmrsas, oaea eltîrnls dì pujcnol`ls, qum pravlvmcemhtm hïa
    vactlrïa la hatnonìrna au hïa täe hl`l l vmr oae l ltnvn`l`m `a
    lssmssarl`a.
    Î mvn`mhtm, ha mhtlhta, qum ue jae rmclonahlemhta oae a
     darhlcns
     dar hlcnstl
    tl ljrm l apartuhn`l`m
    apartu hn`l`m plrl qum a lssmssarl`a
    lssmssarl `a tmhfl elns
    oahgn
    ahgnllhël
    hël ha tr trlj
    ljlclcfa
    fa `mst
    `mstmm m ququm,
    m, ha gutu
    guturara,, garh
    garhmmël l mc
    mcmm
    nhgarelëýms mxocusnvls. A darhlcnstl, par sul vmz, pa`mrì rmoarrmr l
    mssll gahtm,
    mss gahtm, oae eunta
    eunta elns gloncn`l`m
    gloncn`l`m,, plrl pm`nr
    pm`nr apnhným
    apnhnýmss sajrm
    sajrm
    lssuhtas me plutl hl aolsnïa. L trlhsplrähonl mhtrm ls `uls plrtms
     pmrentnrì
     pmren tnrì emcfar
    emcfa r gc
    gcuxa
    uxa `m nhga
    n hgare
    relëý
    lëýms
    ms ha gut
    gutura
    ura..

    WN_NPL_ NH_PNP]ONAHLN_ Â_ ZM@LËÝM_


    Î oaoaeueue e ls rm rm`l
    `lëý
    ëýms
    ms rmomrmomjmjmrm
    rme
    e vnsn
    vnsntl
    tlss `m pa pacå
    cåtn
    tnoa
    oas,
    s,
    meprmsìrn
    meprms ìrnas,
    as, lo lol`î
    l`îeno
    enoas,
    as, oahsuc
    oahsuctartarms
    ms,, moaha
    moahaens
    enstls
    tls,, nhtmcm
    nhtmcmotu
    otuln
    lns,
    s,
    lrtnstls m `m vìrnls autrls pmrsahlcn`l`ms `m olrìtmr nhstntuonahlc.
    Mssls aolsnýms aoarrme me `uls onrouhstêhonlsonrouhstêhonls44 oaea garel
    `m rmgarëlr
    rmgarëlr l oaeuhnolëï
    oaeuhnolëïaa `m gltas rmcmvlhtms
    rmcmvlhtms `m krlh`m
    krlh`m nhtmrmssm
    nhtmrmssm
     pôjcnoa
     pôjcn oa au lnh`l hl pmrspmotnv
    pmrsp motnvll `m rmclonahlemh
    rmclon ahlemhta,ta, qulh`a
    qulh` a lejls ls
     plrtms
     plrt ms täe nhtmrmssm
    nhtmrms sm me mstljmcmom
    m stljmcmomrr au mstrmntlr
    mstrmnt lr våhoucas
    våho ucas lhtmrnar
    lh tmrnarms.
    ms.
     Hmssls sntulëýms,
    sntul ëýms, l lssmssarnl
    lssmssa rnl `m neprmhsl
    neprm hsl `mvm hmkaonlr 
    hmkao nlr 
     prmvnlemh
     prmvn lemhtm tm a eatnva
    eatnv a `ls vnsntls,
    vnsnt ls, `mnxlh`a
    `mnxl h`a oclra sm a lssmssarl`a
    lssmss arl`a
    mstì `nspahåvmc plrl mhtrmvnstls agnonlns au sm a mhoahtra `mvm smr 
    oahsn`mrl`a lpmhls oaea uel nhnonltnvl `m rmclonahlemhta.
    Olsa a ocnmhtm mstmdl `nspahåvmc plrl glclr oae rmpÿrtmrms, l
    lssmssarnl `mvm ldu`ì-ca l sm prmplrlr plrl qulcqumr nhvmstn`l `mssm
    tnpa, oae ta`a a oun`l`a `nspmhsl`a tlejîe plrl ls mhtrmvnstls

    mxocusnvls.
    mxocusnvls. Mcm sÿ hïa pa`m, dlelns, smr pmka `m surprmsl.
     

    OLRÅP]CA WNNN 

     L neprmhsl vme ltî vaoä


    LQtî lkarl ljar`leas
    ljar`leas ls prnhonplns nhnonltnvls
    nhnonltnvls qum as prÿprnas lssm
    lssmssarm
    ssarmss taele plrl uel `nvucklëïa. Els fì
    aolsný
    aol snýms,
    ms, prnh
    prnhonp
    onplce
    lcemhtm
    mhtm sm a lssmssarl`a î rmoahrmoahfmon`
    fmon`aa oaea gahtm `m nhgarelëým
    nhgarelëýms, s, me qum a eavnem
    eavnemhtahta smrì
    smrì
    nhvmrsa. \ulh`a
    \ulh`a ue darhlcnstl
    darhlcnstl jltm â sul partl, î farl `m ltmh`ä-ca oae a `mvn`a oun`l`a plrl qum smu lssmssarl`a hïa
    gnqum mxpasta nh`mvn`lemhtm.
    rmoclele, oae rlzïa, qum lckuhs lssmssarms
    Darhlcnstlss `m rm`lëïa rmoclele,
    Darhlcnstl lssmssarms m gahtms oastuele lrrmpnlr-sm nhtmnras oae ue snepcms
     pm`n`a `m nhgarelëïa
    nhgarelëïa.. Lckuhs pmhsle qum a rmpÿrtmr mstì prmplrlh`a lckuel "oansl "oansl"" parqum, `a oahtrìrna, hïa vnrnl ltî l
    arklhnzlëïa, (smdl mcl pôjcnol au prnvl`l).
    @nlhtm `m lckuels sntulëýms, fì sne a qum tmemr. Omrtas darhlcnstls hïa sïa trlhsplrmhtms la nhgarelr a qum qumrme sljmr 
    m, `mssl garel, cnentle l oflhom `m `mgmsl `m qume smrì ontl`a. A qum `nzmr sajrm nssa1 Î elu darhlcnsea. Oahtrl nssa, vaoä,
    oaea lssmssar, `mvm pratmkmr smu ocnmhtm.
    Oclra
    arms,, qum,
    Lssmssarms
    Lssmss par plrl
    sul `mtmrenhl`ls
    vm
    vmz,
    z, `mvm
    `mvme tmnhvmstnklëýms,
    e tmr r l pmrs
    pmrspno
    pnoìo a darhlcnstl
    ìonl
    nl plrl
    plrl `mgnhprmonsl
    `mgnhnr tmr`as
    nr as `l`a
    `l "elhfl"
    s l smrm plrl
    smrmee `najtmr
    `nvuc
    vuckl `l`as
    kl`as m plrl
    `as oaepar
    `m qum gareleltîrnl.
    smrïa
    smrïa
    lprmsmhtl`as, plrl mvntlr usa nhoarrmta `l nhgarelëïa. Lssne oaea as darhlcnstls pa`me jusolr nhgarelëýms, me haem `a
    `nrmnta `meaorìtnoa `m tmr lomssa l mcls, `l emsel garel as lssmssarms `mvme sljmr a quä as rmpÿrtmrms rmlcemhtm qumrme
    sljmr ‐ m plrl quä. Lgnhlc, l lcmkl`l `meaorlonl
    `meaorlonl `mvm mxnstnr plrl as `ans cl`as.
     Hl elnarnl
    elnar nl `as olsas, mssm oahtlta
    oahtl ta oae l neprmhsl
    nepr mhsl pa`m trlhsoar
    trlhs oar rmr `mhtra
    `mh tra `l harelc
    har elcn`l
    n`l`m.
    `m. Els,
    Els , lht
    lhtms,
    ms, `mvme
    `mv me
    smr tael`as lckuhs oun`l`as. Wleas l mcms.
     

    • Lhtms `m glclr oae l neprmhsl, smu lssmssarl`a prmonsl sljmr plrl


    quä as darhlcnstls qumrme ls nhgarelëýms. Rrnhonplcemhtm sm a haem
    `mcm, `l meprmsl au ltnvn`l`o gar lcva `m rmpartlkme. M dusta qum
    slnjl nhgarelëýms mcmemhtlrms sajrm a lssuhta l smr trltl`a, oaea
    smrì ljar`l`a, sm autrls arklhnzlëýms m pmssals mstïa smh`a oah
    suctl`ls. _m a lssmssarl`a gar lcva `m lckuel louslëïa, `mvm sljmr 
    mxltlemhtm `a qum sm trltl m `m ah`m plrtnu, plrl
    plrtnu,  plrl qum passl glzmr 
    sul `mgmsl. Prltl-sm onm uel qumstïa `m jae smhsa.
    •A mhtrmvnstl`a `mvm sljmr a qum a hatnonìrna mstì lprmsmhtlh`a ha `nl me qum mcm vln ltmh`mr au glclr oae a rmpÿrtmr 
     ‐ m nssa hïa ljrlhkm lpmhls ls elhofmtms, els tlejîe a tmel `as m`ntarnlns m l ltmhëïa `as oacuhnstls. M hmomssìrna sljmr 
    qulns sïa as lss
    lssuhta
    uhtass `m elna
    elnarr rmcmvêho
    rmcmvêhonl nl plrl l nepr
    neprmhsl
    mhsl hlqumcm
    hlqumcm eaemhta, ltî emsea plrl qum a mhtrmvnstl`a passl
    oahtmxtulcnzlr
    oahtmxtulcnz lr ls nhgarelëýms agmrmon`ls m pmromjmr qum, la rm`ar, fì ue sme hôemra `m tmels nkulcemhtm nepartlhtms l
    smrme lpurl`as.
    • A lssmssarl
    lssmssarl`a`a `mvm tmr oahfmonemhta prîvna sajrm ls olrlo
    tmråstnols `a vmåouca qum smrì rmomjn`a plrl l mhtrmvnstl. \ulc î a
     pasnonahle
     pasno nahlemhta
    mhta `m "elrol"
    "e lrol" `mssm vmåou
    vmåouca1
    ca1 Prlt
    Prltl-sm
    l-sm `m ue dar 
    hlc, rmvnstl au menssarl qum, me tmreas emrol`acÿknoas, sm
     pasnona
     pasn onahl
    hl oaea
    o aea pacî
    pacîeno
    enoaa m nhvm
    nhvmstnk
    stnkltnv
    ltnva1
    a1 Î trl
    trl`non
    `nonahlc
    ahlcemht
    emhtmm
    elns lcnhfl`a oae a kavmrha mstljmcmon`a1 Pme elns ähglsm me
     pacåtnol, moahaenl, mspartms au oucturl1 Zmknstrl rmlcnzlëýms `a
    kavmrha au `m`nol msplëa lpmhls âs eltîrnls `m ouhfa
    "gnsolcnzltÿrnls"1 Hïa `mnxm, dlelns, smu lssmssarl`a âs omkls sa
     jrm mssm pmrgnc. Mcm prmonsl
    Mcm prmonsl pmromjmr ls `ngmrmhëls mhtrm ue vmåou
    ca
    hlso oah`utls
    autra, sljmr qum ol`l `ls
    `m ofmolkme ue nhgarelëýms.
    tme apnhnýms @mvmm orntîrnas
    sljmr prÿprnas
    tlejîe
    sajrm a rmpÿrtmr oae qume glclrì, sajrm l glencnlrn`l`m `mstm
    oae a tmel, sajrm l mxpmrnähonl ha vmåouca me qum mstì, mhtrm
    autrls haëýms sajrm l pastur
     pasturll pragnssnah
    prag nssnahlc
    lc `a darhlcn
    d arhlcnstl.
    stl.
    Mssms oun`l`as ta`as âs vmzms pravaole oahgcntas `mshmomssìrnas mhtrm rmpÿrtmrms m lssmssarms. Me plrtm, par oahtl `l
    glctl `m tlta `as lssmssarms, qum `mnxle ha lr l n`mnl `m qum `ms `msoahgn
    oahgnle
    le `melsnl`lemhtm `a  darhlc
     darhlcnstl.
    nstl. Els me plrtm
    tlejîe parqum lckuhs rmpÿrtmrms sm oahsn`mrle lonel `l  pas snj snjncn
    ncn`l`
    `l`mm `m smrme qumstnahl`as sajrm a gaoa `l eltîrnl
    m,
    m, partlhta,
     partlhta, qumrme nhgarelëýms l ta`ata` a ousta
    oust a  ‐ sme cmvlr me oahtl qum lckuels pmssals hïa sïa ajrnkl`ls l "plklr" par 
    mssm ousta.
     

     LOAERLHFLEMHPA
     LOAERLHFLEMHPA RL__\-Ê-RÏ__\
    RL__\-Ê-RÏ__\
    _meprm qum ue ocnmhtm ltmh`mr â neprmhsl au emsea qulh`a l nhgarelëïa gar trlhsentn`l
    trlhsentn`l pmcl
     pmcl lssmssarnl `m neprmhsl,
    vaoä pa`m m `mvm vactlr l glzmr oahtlta oae a darhlcnstl plrl sm omrtngnolr `m qum mcm rmlcemhtm mhtmh`mu a lssuhta m qum hïa
    rmstlrle ruå`as qulhta âs nhgarelëýms garhmon`ls.
    Pmcmgahm
    Pmcmgahm pastmrnarem
    pastmrnaremhtm
    htm m pmrk
    pmrkuhtm
    uhtm a qum mcm lofau `l mhtr
    mhtrmvns
    mvnstl
    tl m `as `l`
    `l`as
    as rmplssl`a
    rmplssl`ass m sm prmonsl
    prmonsl `m sujså`nas
    sujså`nas
    oaepcmemhtlrms. Euntas darhlcnstls glzme elns `m uel eltîrnl par `nl m, me lckuhs olsas, oajrme elns `m ue lssuhta, plrl
    lssuhta, plrl
    elns `m ue tnpa `m eå`nl (darhlc m ah ]hm, par mxmepca). Hïa l`nlhtl `lr l nhgarelëï
    nhgarelëïaa m `mpans gnolr rmzlh`a ltî a  prÿxnea
    `nl, ha eaem
     pra`uëïa eaemhtahta`a`mauljrnr
    m, smhtnh`a
    smhtnh ljrn
    hïar gnremzl
    a  darh
     darhlc
    lcpar
     plrl
    plrtmvmr
    `a oae
    oaeaa mclvactlr
    rmpÿrtmr, gan pujc
    pujcnol`
    nol`l.
    l glzmr l. A emcfar
    oahtlta `urlhtmlaglzmr î loaeplhf
    loaeplhflr
    `nl, emsea lr  plssa-l-pl
    qum plrl plssa-l-plssa
    nssa vaoä ssa
    gnquml
    oae l glel `m nhoahvmhnmhtm m "garël`ar `m jlrrl". Î smeprm prmonsa tmr jae smhsa lhtms `m nhsnstnr. Els sm loflr qum î a olsa,
    hïa fmsntm. Lgnhlc, vaoä `mvm tmr jme
    tmr jme oclra qum smusmu plpmc
     plpmc î trljlcflr
    trljlcflr plrl
     plrl qum smdle vmnoucl`ls nhgarelëýms oarrmtls sajrm smu
    lssmssarl`a.

    A NERAH@MZÌWMC LOAHPMOM
    \ulh`a, lpmslr `as oun`l`as rm`ajrl`as has praom`nemhtas, aoarrm a qum ofleleas `m nepah`mrìvmc, au smdl,
    qu
    qulh
    lh`a
    `a l snsntu
    tulë
    lëïa
    ïa slnr
    slnr `a oahtracm
    oahtracm m a rmsu
    rmsuctl`
    ctl`aa gar uel eltî
    eltîrnl
    rnl oae nhgar
    nhgarelëý
    elëýms
    ms nhoa
    nhoarrmt
    rrmtls,
    ls, "tur
    "turjnhl
    jnhl`ls"
    `ls" au
    tmh`mhonasls,
    tmh`mhona sls, vaoä hïa `mvm gnolr oahstrlhkn`a me mholrlr a lssuhta, mhtrlr me oahtlta oae l rm`lëïa m sacnontlr qum
    sm vactm la tmel elns uel vmz, plrl qum ls nhgarelëýms smdle rmtngnol`ls.
    Darhlns m rmvnstls tmh`me l sacnontlr, has olsas `m pm`n`as
    `m  pm`n`as `m rmplra, qum sm mhvnme olrtls plrl ls smëýms `m cmntarms.
    Euntls pmssals mvntle mssl lctmrhltnvl
    lctmrhltnvl par tmemr a rnsoa `m slnr pujcnol`a, duhta oae l olrtl, uel rmspastl `l rm`lëïa
    nsaclh`a lckue pahta mspmoågnoa `l eltîrnl qum, garl `m oahtmxta, snrvl `m sustmhtlëïa â tmsm `m qume l mcljarau. Rar 
    nssa, vmrngnqum oae a m`ntar `l smëïa `m olrtls l passnjncn`l`m `m nssa loahtmomr, mxpcnqum suls prmaouplëýms m "ljrl a daka"
    oae mcm.
    Olsa mssm msplëa hïa smdl oahsn`mrl`a sltnsgltÿrna (has olsas me qum l eltîrnl gan `nstaron`l au sm aolsnahau ue
    krlh`m
    krlh `m mstrlka
    mstr lka plrl l rmputl
    rmputlëï
    ëïaa `m meprmsls
    meprmsls m pmssal
    pmssals),
    s), va
    vaoä
    oä pa`m
    pa`m nhsnst
    nhsnstnr
    nr plrl
    plrl qum smdl
    smdl rmlcnz
    rmlcnzl`l
    l`l havl eltîrnl me msplëa
    m`ntarnlc snenclr la `l rmpartlkme lhtmrnar.
     

    Gnolr qunmta, oae rmomna `m qum qulcqumr rmlëïa passl mxpar a lssuhta elns uel vmz `m garel nh`mvn`l au oflelr l
    ltmhëïa plrl
    ltmhëïa  plrl ue tmel qum pa`m
    qum pa`mrnl
    rnl smr gloncemhtm msqumon`a, trlz `ans rnsoas sîrnas4 tarhl-sm oahnvmhtm oae a mrra pujcnol`a m
    a `m smu lssmssarl`a gnolr oae l nel nelkme
    kme `nstaron`
    `nstaron`ll grmhtm
    grmhtm la
    la pôjcnoa
     pôjcnoa `lqumcm
    `lqumcm vmåouca. Gnqum omrta `m qum l eltîrnl huhol
    smrì tatlcemhtm msqu
    msqumon`l
    mon`l.. Rartlh
    Rartlhta,
    ta, sm hïa fauvmr rmplra, vaoä mhoahtrlrì lckuîe qum cmu l eltîrnl m lorm`ntau ha qum
    mstlvl msornta.
    Cmejr
    Cm ejrm-s
    m-smm ln
    lnh`
    h`ll `m qum
    qumstna
    stnahlr
    hlr sul nhkmhun`l
    nhkmhun`l`m
    `m oaea
    oaea lssm
    lssmss
    ssar
    ar,, vmdl me qum vaoä vaoä mr
    mrra
    rauu (m
    (mxp
    xpðs
    ðs smu lssmssarl`a
    nh`mvn`lemhtm1 HïaHïa pmromjmu
     pmromjmu `m elhmnrl oarrmtl a qum vnrnl pmcl grmhtm1) m tmhtm mvntlr a mrra hls pr
    hls prÿx
    ÿxne
    nelsls vmzm
    vmzms.
    s.
    Fadm ls krlhkrlh`m
    `mss lkäh
    lkähon
    onls
    ls `m oa oaeuh
    euhno
    nolë
    lëïa
    ïa rmlc
    rmlcnz
    nzle
    le trmnhl
    trmnhlem
    emhta
    htass mspmoågno
    mspmoågnoasas  plr
     plrll cn`lr oa oae
    e a nho
    nhoÿea
    ÿea`a`a
    "nepah`mrìvmc".

    \]LH@A A ZMRßZPMZ "EMHPM" A] "HÏA LJZM" L RL]PL

    Lpmslr `m smrme mxomëýms, lckuels sntulëýms nh`nole, oclrlemhtm, qum vnrïa prajcmels pmcl grmhtm. Waoä pa`m sm
     prmplrlr
     prmp lrlr plrl lonahlr a lclrem hls smkunhtms aolsnýms4

    • \ulh`a a rmpÿrtmr "emhtm" au "hïa ljrm" l plutl, sneuclh


    `a uel eltîrnl qum hïa î l vmr`l`mnrl, hïa î l qum mstì me
    lh`lemhta, au `msoahvmrsl qulh`a lckuel nhgarelëïa sa
     jrm l rmpartlkme î sacnontl`l pmca lssmssar.
    • \ulh`a
    \ulh`a mmxnstm
    xnstmee nh`åona
    nh`åonass `m qum l eltîrnl dì mstì "prahtl" m
    qum a rmpÿrtmr qumr lpmhls uel grlsm plrl oacaolr ha tmxta m ol
    rlotmrnzlr qum auvnu a autra cl`a, sme oahsn`mrlr ls nhgarelëýms
    qum pa`mrn
    qum  pa`mrnle
    le cmvì-ca
    cmvì- ca l oahocunr qum `mvm ea`ngnolr l plutl.
    l  plutl.
    • A pragnssnah
     pragnssnahlc
    lc rmomjm uel nhgarelëïa me agg(smsh ontlr praom
    `ähonl au gahtm) m rmsacvm "jlholr" l eltîrnl, lcmklh`a oahgnlr hl
    gahtm, sme lprmsmhtlr `l`as sustmhtìvmns `m qum a glta praom`m.
     Hmssm praomssa, a rmpÿrtmr mhvacvm a lssmssarl`a, sme cmvlr me
    oahtl ls nhgarelëýms me oahtrìrna qum mcm lprmsmhtm me `mgmsl.

    _mdl qulc gar l sntulëïa, a pnar l glzmr hmssms olsas î `nzmr qum a ocnmhtm hïa vln sm prahuhonlr. _mdl grlhoa oae a rmpÿrtmr,
    eastrmm sul prmaouplëïa
    eastr prmaouplëïa sajrm l garel oaea l oahvmrsl mstì smh`a oah`uzn`l. @nkl oclrl-
     

    emhtm qum vaoä prmons


    vaoä prmonsll sljmr qulc î l plutl, qum suspmntl `m qum mcm qumnrl auvnr a autra cl`a lpmhls plrl
    lpmhls  plrl ouepr
    oueprnr
    nr ue
    rntulc, au lnh`l qum ue au `ans adgs hïa sïa sugnonmhtms plrl sustmhtlr tlns lgnrelëýms

    OACMONAHLH@A NHNENKA_
    \ulh`a a rmpÿrtmr
    rmpÿrtmr jlsmnl
     jlsmnl ls pah`mrlëýms
    pah`mrlëýms me gahtms lhÿhnels,
    lhÿhnels, mxpým a nhtmrca
    nhtmrcaoutar
    outar l uel smhsl
    smhslëïa
    ëïa `m grlkncn`l`m
    ljsacutl. A mhtrmvnstl`a sm smhtm, hlturlcemhtm, rmgîe `m nhgarelëýms euntls vmzms ljsur`ls m oahtrl ls qulns ta`a m qulcqumr 
    lrkuemhta î rmdmntl`a pmca
    rmdmntl`a pmca darhlcns
     darhlcnstl,
    tl, saj l lcmklëïa `m qum mstm mstì rmsplc`l`a ha a/g `m ue nhgarelhtm "oahgnìvmc".
     Hïa fì oaea l oahvmrsl prassmkunr oae mssm darhlcnstl sme ue eåhnea `m trlhsplrähonl. @nkl nssa la rmpÿrtmr. M
    hl`ll l`nlhtlr
    sm hl` l`nlhtlr,, mht
    mhtrm
    rm me oahtl
    oahtlta
    ta oae a m`ntar au oae l `nrmëïa `m rm`lëïa (els hïa sme lhtms lvnslr la rmpÿrtmr 
    sajrm sul `nsoar`êhonl qulhta la praom`nemhta, m qum vaoä, sme autrl apëïa, rmoarrmrì âs fnmrlrqunls supmrnarm supmrnarms).
    s). Rlrl mssms
    ofmgms, sacnontm ldu`l sajrm oaea cn`lr oae l plutl qum hïa klrlhtm a `mvn`a `nrmnta `m `mgmsl l smu lssmssarl`a.
    Mejarl euntls vmzms plrmël qum ls `nrmëýms `m rm`lëïa lssueme ue oaepartle oaepartlemhtamhta oarparltnva,
    oarparltnva, ha smhtn`a `m
    `mgmh`mr smus rmpÿrtmrms nhoah`nonahlcemhtm, hl prìtnol fì omrta oun`l`a m lpura tîohnoa oae l eltîrnl ‐ a qum, sme sul
    nhtmrvmhëïa, pravlvmcemhtm hïa loahtmomrnl.
    Lknh`a lssne, vaoä pa`mrì oacmonahlr ue au elns nhnenkas, els ha mxmroåona `l prag `l  pragnssïa
    nssïa vaoä hïa î  plka  plrl
    tmr lenkas.
    lenkas. Darhlcnstl qumr nhgarelëïa m a lssmssar prmonsl
    lssmssar  prmonslrr agmrmoä-
    agmrmoä-cl
    cl `mhtra `m uel sntul ëïa me qum a rms rmspmn
    pmnta
    ta smdl
    eôtua.
    Mxnstme lnh`l autrls sntulëýms `ngåomns `m smrme l`enhnstrl`l
    l`enhnstrl`ls.s. Rrmplrm-sm4
    • A lssmssarl`a ltmh`m la rmpÿrtmr,
    rmpÿrtmr, `mearl farls plrl `lr vìrnls mxpcnolëýms, m gnol oae l neprmssïa
    neprmssïa `m qum a rmpÿrtmr 
     pujcnolrì,
     pujcnolrì, ha eì
    eìxne
    xnea,
    a, uel ôhnol
    ôhnol grlsm
    grlsm `ntl.
    `ntl. Euntl
    Euntlss vmzm
    vmzmss a rmpÿrtm
    rmpÿrtmrr lprav
    lpravmnt
    mntll l aol
    aolsnï
    snïaa lpmhls
    lpmhls  plrl oahf
    oahfmomr
    momr emcfar 
    `mtmrenhl`a lssuhta, sme qum nssa nepcnqum me lpravmntlr ue oahduhta elnar `m nhgare nhgarelëým
    lëýmss garhmon`ls pmca mhtrmvnstl`a.
    Me autrls
    tmxta. aolsnýms,`m
    Omrtngnqum-sm mcmqum
    rmomjm msplëa
    l oucpl hïaemhar
    gan `m `a
    smuqum a prmvnsta
    ocnmhtm, nhnonlcemhtm
    qum pa`m tmr sn`aplrl l pujc
     pujcnolë
    pracnxa aunolëïa
    ïa `l eltîrnl
    `nspmrsa, m, `mssl
    hïa rmspah
    rmspah`mh`a garel,
    `mh`a rmstrnhkm al
    âs pmrkuhtls
    oahtmhta `a darhlcnstl.
     

    • A rmpÿr
    rmpÿrtmr
    tmr nhsnst
    nhsnstmm me uel pasnëïa mxlkmrl`lemhtm cmklcnstl,
    emsea qum hïa sustmhtìvmc `a pahta `m vnstl `a jae smhsa. Ra Rar 
    r 
    mxmepca4 mxnstm uel emtl, nepastl pmca ÿrkïa rmkucl`ar `m
    `mtmrenhl`a smtar, nepassåvmc `m smr oueprn`l . L eltîrnl î
    rmoarrmhtm, lplrmom pmrna`nolemhtm qumstnahlh`a saemhtm ue
    `as cl`as, ha olsa, a `ls meprmsls qum hïa ltnhkme l emtl.
     Hmssms
     Hmss ms ol
    olsa
    sass hïa fì eunta l glzmr. L eltîrnl î ljsacu
    ljsacutlemhtm
    tlemhtm oarrmtl, lpmslr `m neplronlc (dì qum hïa qumstnahl ls
    mxnkähonls qum, sm oueprn`l
    oueprn`ls, s, snkhngnolrnle l nhvnljncn`l
    nhvnljncn`l`m
    `m moahÿenol `lqumcm smtar). Lcîe `nssa, cmejrm-sm smeprm `as
    cnentms `m sul ltulëïa4 a orntîrna sajrm qulc lssuhta lpurlr m pujcnolr î `a vmåouca. _meprm î vìcn`a oahtmxtulcnzlr ls
    trlzn`ls pmca
    nhgarelëýms trlzn`ls pm ca rmpÿr
    rmpÿrtmr
    tmr m eas
    eastrl
    trlrr l mcm, qulh`a l eltîrnl vactlr l smr gmntl, oaea î mssl cmknsclëïa me autras
     plåsmss (plrl oahtrlpar â rmlcn`l`m jrls
     plåsm rmlcn`l`m jrlsncmnr
    ncmnrl).
    l). Mssm pa`m
    pa`m smr ue olenhfa plrl
    olenhfa plrl qum autrls vmrsýms smdle utncnzl`ls me
    rmpartlkmhs gmntls m rmgmntls oae a våona `m auvnr smeprm ls emsels m ôhnols gahtms.
    • ]e oacuhnstl
    oacuhnstl slnu "ltnrlh`a"
    "ltnrlh`a" hl `nrmëïa `a smu lssmssarl
    lssmssarl`a,
    `a,
    sme qulcqumr guh`lemhta, au gmz uel lhìcnsm qum hïa
    oarrmspah`m â rmlcn`l`m, ltnhknh`a smu lssmssarl`a
    lssmssarl`a..
    Waoä `mvm mhtrlr me oahtlta oae a oacuhnstl, par tmcmgahm, mxpar a `mso `msoahg
    ahgarta
    arta `l sntu
    sntulëïa
    lëïa m sacnontlr ue
    mhoahtra `mst`mstmm oae a smu ocnmhtm. As oacuhnstls sïa jlstlhtm smhsåvmnssmhsåvmns plrl
     plrl mssm
    mssm tnpa `m oa
    oah`u
    h`utl
    tl m, lorm`
    lorm`nta,
    nta, va
    vaoä
    oä hïa
    tmrì prajcmels me oahtltì-cas m ajtmr rmspastl, lpmslr `m mssl tlrmgl smr `msklstlhtm m euntls vmzms oahstrlhkm`arl.
    Rar pra`uznrm
    pra`uznrme e lhìcnsms `m ouhfa pmssa pmssalc,
    lc, me msplëa lssnh l`a, as oacuhnstls täe lutahaenl hl msoacfl m hl
    lssnhl`a,
    ljar`lkme `as tmels sajrm as qulns msormvme, sme nhtmrgmrähonl `ls autrls nhstêhonls `as vmåoucas. A eåhnea qum vaoä
    `mvm glzmr î rmspmntlr ls apëýms l`atl`ls par mcms. Els hme par nssa pmrentl qum nhgarelëýms nhoarrmtls ltnhdle smu
    lssmssarl`a.
    • A vmåouca gmz uel eltîrnl jlsml`l lpmhls me fnpÿtmsms m auvnu mspm
    onlcnstls sneuclh`a uel sntulëïa me qum smu lssmssarl`a gan ltnhkn`a.
    Rraourm l `nrmëïa `a vmåouca m eastrm a ljsur`a `l sntulëïa. A prÿprna vmåouca pa`mrnl smr ontl`a me uel
    eltîrnl smtarnlc oae mhgaqum smemcflhtm.
     

     LH]HONLHPM_ \]MZME OZM@NJNCN@L@M


    _mdl qulc gar a vmåouca, `l eå`nl neprmssl au mcmtrðhnol, tmeas qum cmvlr me oahtl qum hïa mstleas `nlhtm `m ue
     pra`utaa hmomsslrnl
     pra`ut hmomsslrnlemhtm
    emhtm oam
    oamrmh
    rmhtm,
    tm, qum
    qum guhonah
    guhonahll oaea
    oaea sm tnvmssm
    tnvmssm loljl`a
    loljl`a `m slnr
    slnr `m uuel
    el eìq
    eìqunh
    unhll nh`ust
    nh`ustrnl
    rnlc,
    c, lpt
    lptaa l
    guhonahlr oae pmrgmnëïa.
    L neprmhsl
    neprmhsl juso
     jusoll smeprm l ajdmtnvn`l`m m nssa prmssupým glclr au msormvmr sajrm l vmr`l`m oae oclrmzl, cÿknol m
     prmonsïa
     prmo nsïa.. Els emse
    emseaa smkunh`a mssms
    mssms prmomntas
     prmomntas â rnsol, a darhlcnsea
    darhlcnsea î uel ltnvn
    ltnvn`l`m
    `l`m nhtmcmotu
    nhtmcmotulc
    lc m, partlht
    partlhta,
    a, huhol slnrì `m
    omhl l  pmro
     pmrompëï
    mpëïaa pmss
    pmssalc
    alc `a rmpÿ
    rmpÿrtmr
    rtmr m `a m`ntar. Lckuîe lnh`l lorm`ntl hl tatlc ajdmtnvn`l`m1
    ajdmtnvn`l`m1 Lqun mstïa me  daka l cnhfl
    m`ntarnlc `a vmåouca m autrls vlrnìvmns qum pa`me
    qum pa`me nh`uznr pragnssnahlns la mrra, lnh`l qum nhvacuhtlrnl
    nhvacuhtlrnlemhtm.
    emhtm.
    A krlh`m msgarëa qum l neprmhsl glz fadm î plrl qum mssls vlrnìvmns smdle oahtracl`ls ltî a cnentm tacmrìvmc `ls mxomëýms. @a
    oahtrìrna, as vmåoucas `m oaeuhnolëïa lrrnsole l orm`njncn`l`m. M sme mcl, mcl, pmr`m
     pmr`m tlejîe qume oacaol `nhfmnra hl eå`nl hl
    gare
    garell `m lhôlhôhona
    honas.
    s. _ne, parqum as krlh`m
    krlh`mss lhuhonlhtms qumrme vmr suls elrols `nvuckl`ls me vmåoucas qum ajtäe a
    rmoahfmonemhta `as cmntarms par smrme nsmhtas ‐ hme qum plrl nssa tmhfle qum sm `mplrlr oae eltîrnls qum as `mslkrl`me.
    L tlrmgl `m passnjncntlr a gcuxa `m nhgarelëýms oahgnìvmns mhtrm l neprmhsl m l saonm`l`m î, lssne, qumstïa `m
    sajrmvnvähonl plrl as darhlcnstls, nhocunh`a as lssmssarms `m neprmhsl.
    Lssmssarms
    Lssmss arms qum tmhtle elhnpuclr, aentnr nhgarelëýms
    nhgarelëýms m  jcmgl
     jcmglrr oae l neprmhsl oahsmkume lpmhls, qulh`a ajtäe
    "suom
    "su omssa
    ssa",
    ", oah
    oahtrn
    trnjun
    junrr plrl a `mso
    `msorî`
    rî`nta
    nta `l eå`n
    eå`nll me cahka
    cahka prlza
    prlza.. OaOaee ue lkrl
    lkrlvlvlht
    htm4
    m4 sm hïa gn gnzm
    zmrr sul
    sul  plrtm,
    `ngnoncemhtm
    `ngnonce mhtm vaoä tmrì `nsomrhnemhta sugnonmhtm plrl sacnontlr la darhlcnstl m â `nrmëïa `m rm`lëïa `a vmåouca qum glële l
     plrtmm `mcms,
     plrt `m cms, au smdl, qum a vmåouca sm rmtrltm me olsa `m mrra.

    FNMZLZ\]NL HL_ ZM@LËÝM_

    Rlrl ue rmclonahlemhta l`mqul`a oae l neprmhsl, vaoä `mvm tmr oahfmonemhta sajrm oaea guhonahl l mstruturl
    `ls krlh`ms rm`lëýms, oaea sm sntule rmpÿrtmrms, as
    as pra
     pragnss
    gnssnah
    nahlns
    lns oae qume vaoä
    vaoä prav
     pravlvmce
    lvmcemhtm
    mhtm tmrì elns oahtlta.
     

    Darhlns oahtle oae lckuels mstruturls `ngmrmhtms. Hl elnar plrtm `as olsas, oaepýme a  sålgg `l. `nrmëïa pragnssnahlns
    qum sm rmclo
    rmclonahle
    nahle `nrmtl-emhtm oae as `ahas `a vmåouca. _ïa m`ntarms mxmoutnvas, `nrmtarms `m rm-`lëïa m m`ntarnlcnstls (qum
    rm`nkme as m`ntarnlns, msplëas `mstnhl`as l mxprmsslr l apnhnïa `as praprnmtìrnas `ls meprmsls `m oaeuhnolëïa sajrm as
    lss
    lssuht
    uhtas
    as rmcmvl
    rmcmvlhtm
    htmss `a  plås). Hl smquähonl,
    smquähonl, väe as oacuhnstls (qum lssnhle oacuhls m sm rmspahsljncnzle pmcls lhìcnsms lcn
    oahtn`ls) m as m`ntarms `as `nvmrsas msplëas (oacuhls `m hatls m tmxtas ourtas hïa lssnhl`as, sm-ëýms `m lrtnkas `m apnhnïa m `m
    olrtls m eltîrnls rmclonahl`ls l lssuhtas mspmoågnoas, oaea moahaenl, pacåtnol, oucturl, mspartms, mhtrm autrls). @msomh`a ue
    `mkrlu hl fnmrlrqun
    fnmrlrqunl, l, mstïa as plutmnras m as ofmgms
    ofmgms `m rmpartlkme `m ol`l uel `ls m`ntarnls,
    m`nta rnls, smkun`as pmcas
    p mcas rmpÿrtmrms.
     Hls menssarls `m rì`na, PW m has vmåoucas `m nhtmrhmt, l mstruturl `m olrkas sagrm ls ea`ngnolëýms lgmntls â eå`nl
    mcmtrðhnol. Pa`l l turel `l pra`uëïa
    `l  pra`uëïa mhtrl me omhl, nhocunh`a m`ntarms `m nelkme, sahapclstls, rm-`lt arms `m hatåonls ah
    rm-`ltarms
    ]hm, lprmsmhtl`arms, "êhoarls" m lssne par `nlhtm.
    hïa  pmhsm qum smu ôhnoa oahtlta, oaea lssmssar, smrì smeprm
    Rartlhta, hïa pmhsm smeprm oae a rmpÿrtmr. Emsea qulh`a mcm gar smu
     prnhonp
     prn honplc
    lc nhtm
    nhtmrcao
    rcaoutar
    utar `m`mht
    htra
    ra `m ue `mt mremrenh
    nhl`a
    l`a vmå
    vmåouc
    oucaa `m oae
    oaeuhnuhnolë
    olë ïa, hïa î sme smeprm
    prm qum mssm rmpÿrtmr mstlrì
    olplontl`a plrl
    olplontl`a  plrl lvlcnlr m "`mrrujlr" uel plutl
    uel  plutl qum, `mpans `m lpurl`l
    lpurl`l,, sm eastrau nhvnìvmc. Au qum sm snhtl smkura plrl
    smkura  plrl
    lpurlr uel hatåonl nh`mpmh`mhtmemhtm `m autrls fnmrlrqunls, qulh`a sm trltlr `m tmel tmel pac
     pacîen
    îenoa
    oa au `m krlh
    k rlh`m
    `m vnsnjn
    vns njncn`
    cn`l`m.
    l`m.
    A prprao
    aoms
    mssa
    sa `m mhx mhxukl
    uklemh
    emhta
    ta l qum garl
    garle
    e sujemtn`l
    sujemtn`lss ls rm`lëýms
    rm`lëýms has ôctneas lhas cmvau â sujstntunëïa `m
     pragnssnahlns
     pragnssna hlns elns mxpmrnmhtms m elns tlcfl`as par rmpÿrtmrms nhnonlhtms. Euntas tlcmhtas garle `msoajmrtas has oursas `m
    trlnhmms,, a qum î cauvìvmc, `nlhtm `l `ngnouc`l`m `as davmhs sm nhsmrnrme ha emrol`a `m trljlcfa. Els l euntas `mssms
    trlnhmms
     pragnssnahlns glctl l vnvähonl m l elturn`l`m plrl n`mhtngnolr a qum rmlcemhtm rmh`m uel jal eltîrnl. Kmrlcemhtm,
    `m`nole ta`a a tmepa hl tmhtltnvl tmhtltnvl `m snepcms
    snepcmsemht oueprnr ls  plut
    emhtmm oueprnr  plutls
    ls rmomjn`ls.
    rmomjn `ls. M `ïa a slhkum
    slhkum plr
     plrll pravlr
    pra vlr qum
    oahsmkume.
    Î nepartlhtm tmr oahsonähonl `nssa plrl qum, `m uel vmz par ta`ls, sm oahvmhël `m qum, plrl smr ue jae lssmssar, hïa
     jlstl pmklr a tmcmgahm m `nvucklr mvmhtas
    mvmhtas rmclonahl`as
    rmclonahl`as la smu ocnmhtm.
    ocnmhtm. _m vaoä hïa sm smhtnr smkura, prmplrl`a m onmhtm `m qum,
    me lckuels aolsnýms, tmrì qum "mspmrhmlr" m sm nh`nspar plrl qum uel eltîrnl slnl pujcnol`l oae nhgarelëýms oarrmtls oarrmtls,,
    nssa snkhngnol qum lnh`l tme eunta ofïa pmcl grmhtm.
     

    OLRNP]CA ÅV 

    Mrras elns oaeuhs

    \ulh`a lcka sln mrrl`a ha rmclonahlemhta oae l neprmh


    neprmhsl,
    sl, sïa
    sïa pauoas
     pauoas as lssmssarms qum glzme ue mxmroåona `m
    fue
    fuenc`
    nc`l`m
    l`m m  jusole mrras
    mrras hls prÿprnls
    prÿprnls prìtno
    prìtnols,
    ls, ha oaepar
    oaepartlemht
    tlemhtaa au ha oaepartlemhta `a lssmssarl`a. Wleas,
    mhtïa, ajdmtnvlr mssl luta-lvlcnlëïa m lpahtlr as mrras elns oaeuhs oaemtn`as pmcas pragnssnahlns au  par lqum
    lqumcms
    cms qum
    tmhtle sm rmclonahlr `nrmtlemhtm oae l neprmhsl. _m pmca emhas mssms garme mvntl`as,
    mvntl`as, arklhnzlëýms
    arklhnzlëýms m  pmssa
     pmssals
    ls tmrïa
    oflhoms `m oahtlr oae uel mxpasnëïa oarrmtl hl eå`nl.

    A OCNMHPM HÏA \]MZ GLCLZ


    Î lcka ljaenhìvmc "oacaolr a lssmssarl`a plrl
    lssmssarl`a plrl vnldlr" qulh`a surkm uel pmrkuhtl nhoahvmhnmhtm au ue lssuhta sajrm a
    qulc a lssmssarl`a hïa `mvl sm prahuhonlr. A darhlcn
     darhlcnstl
    stl hïa pa`m smr
    smr trltl`a oaea ue smr `mspravn`
    `mspravn`aa `m nhtmcnkähonl. A emcfar 
    qum vaoä tme l glzmr, hmssms olsas, î `nzmr oclrlemhtm qum a lssmssarl`a hïa vln sm prahuhonlr, m mxpcnolr as eatnvas `mssl
    `monsïa. Mns lckuhs `as olsas elns oaeuhs rmknstrl`as pmcls lssmssa-rnls qulh`a mhoahtrle rmsnstähonl `as ocnmhtms plrl glclr oae
     darhlcnstls4
     darhlcnstls4

    • A lssuhta l smr ljar`l`a nhtmrmssl â oahoarrähonl. Glclr sajrm mcm nepcnolrnl me garhmomr `l`as qum autrls
    meprmsls hïa oastuele garhmomr la emrol`a, oaea garel `m pratmkmr suls ltnvn
    ltnvn`l`m
    `l`mss m hmkÿonas
    hmkÿonas..
     

    •L meprmsl î euctl`l au puhn`l par lckue ÿrkïa gnsolcil`ar (oaea


    lkähonls rmkucl`arls), els l hatngnolëïa cmklc lnh`l hïa gan mhtrmkum.
    • Gltas mhvacvmh`a `monsýms `l Dustnël4 a eìxnea qum l arkl
    hnzlëïa tme l `nzmr î sm vln au hïa rmoarrmr. Me tmsm, hïa fì
    oaea oahtmstlr tlns `monsýms garl `l nhstêhonl durå`nol.
    • Ha olsa `m meprmsls `m olpntlc ljmrta, oae lëýms hmkaonl`ls
    me jac
    me  jacsl,
    sl, euntls
    eun tls `ls nhgarelëýms sacnontl`ls prm
    sacnontl`ls  prmons
    onsle
    le lht
    lhtms
    ms
    ofmklr la oahfmonemhta `as ÿrkïas rmkucl`arms, oaea l OWE
    (Oaenssïa `m Wlcarms Eajncnìrnas).
    • Apmrlëýms `m gusïa m lqunsnëïa4 ls lkähonls euh`nlns `m
    rmclëýms pôjcnols täe uel rmspastl  pl`r  pl `rïa
    ïa.. _m ku
    kuh`
    h`aa mcls
    mc ls,,
    qulh`a qumstnahl`ls sajrm l vmrlon`l`m `m ue jalta sajrm
    krlh`ms hmkÿonas me lh`lemhta, ls meprmsls `mvmrnle cnen
    tlr-sm l `nzmr "hïa oahgnreleas hme `msemhtneas gltas pra
    om`mhtms `mssl hlturmzl". Hl rmlcn`l`m, trltl-sm `m "daka `m
    onhturl". Lgnhlc, vaoä hïa pa`m tnrlr a eîrnta `a rmpÿrtmr `m
    tmr ajtn`a l nhgarelëïa `m uel gahtm lhtms `a glta sm tarhlr 
     pô
     pôjc
    jcno
    no a. Ra
    Rarr au
    autr
    traa cl `a
    `a,, smu lssmssarl`a hïa `mvm ljar`lr 
    uel hmkaonlëïa qum lnh`l hïa gan oahocuå`l.

    \]M_PÏA @M  EÎZNPA

    Me duhfa `m <>>>, l rmpÿrtmr @lhnmcl Enclhmsm, `l lkähonl Mstl`a tmcmgahau plrl


    tmcmgahau  plrl hassl mqunpm oae l nhgarelëïa
    `m qum ls omrvmdlrnls Jrlfel m Lhtìrotnol mstlvle sm uhnh`a.  Hl aolsnïa, lofleas tlhtl krlël hmssl passnjncn`l`m qum
    `msemhtneas, smesme pmstlhmdlr.
     pmstlhmdlr. _mqumr has cmej
    c mejrle
    rleas
    as `m rmoarr
    rmo arrmr
    mr la gleasa "l oaeplhfnl hïa sm prahuhonl sajrm gltas
    oaea mssms". Dlelns plss
    Dlelns  plsslrnl
    lrnl pmcl hassl oljmël
    oljm ël qum l Lhtìrotnol, hassl ocnmhtm, mstnvmssm glzmh`a lckue tnpa `m loar`a
    oae l mhtïa lrqunhnenkl Jrlfel. Mssl mrl uel nhgarelëïa qum hÿs, ltî lqumcm eaemhta, hïa tåhfleas.
     Ha ``nl
    nl smkunhtm,
    smkunhtm, par
     par vactl `ls :: farls, gaeas oflel`ls pmcl Lhtìrotnol
    Lhtìrotnol plrl
     plrl plrtnonplr `m uel wlr raae (slcl `m kumrrl),
    uel oahvaolëïa `m memrkähonl plrl lkncnzlr as prmplrltnvas qum agnonlcnzlrnle l havl oaeplhfnl arnknhìrnl `l gusïa. _mtmhtl m
    `uls farls `mpans, l ornlëïa `l LeJmv gan lhuhonl`l, plrl l nhorm`ucn`l`m `m ta`as, l oaemëlr pmcl hassl.
     

    Gnol lqun a rmknstra


    rmknstra plrl
     plrl a glra
    glra m a trljlcfa
    trljlcfa pmrs
     pmrspnol
    pnolzz `l rmpÿrt
    rmpÿrtmr,
    mr, l ôhno
    ôhnoll pragnssnahlc qum ofmkau jme pmrta `a qum mstlvl
    aoarrmh`a hlqumcms `nls.

    • Lssm
    Lssmssarl
    ssarl`a
    `a fw pragncm, qum tme farrar l lplrnëýms pôjcnols4 vaoä `mvm `nzmr oclrlemhtm qum mcm hïa glcl m hïa
    ltmh`m `nrmtl-emhtm â neprmhsl, els qum, pag mhtmh`mr qum glz plrtm `m uel oarparlëïa au `m uel mhtn`l`m qum tme
    vnsnjncn`l
    vnsnjncn`l`m
    `m m `msp
    `mspmrtl
    mrtl a nhtm
    nhtmrmss
    rmssmm pôjcn
    pôjcnoa,
    oa, oahoar`l me prms
    prmstlr
    tlr mso
    msoclrmo
    clrmonemht
    nemhtas
    as par nhtm
    nhtmreî`na
    reî`na `l lssmssarnl `m
    neprmhsl, `as l`vakl`as au `m ue par
    ue  partl-
    tl-vaz
    vaz msp
    mspmoåg
    moågnoa
    noa..

    L Oahstntunë
    Oahstntunëïa
    ïa jrlsncmnrl lgnrel qum sïa nhvnacìvmns l nhtnen`l`m, l vn`l prnv
    vn`l  prnvl`l,
    l`l, l fahrl m l nelkme `ls pmssals,
    qum täe a `nrmnta `m rmq
    rmqumr
    umrmr
    mr nh`mhnzlëïa
    nh`mhnzlëïa par
     par `lhas earlns au eltmrnlns, olsa mssms prmomntas smdle `msrmspmntl`as.
    `msrmspmntl`as. Lcîe
    `nssa
    `nssa,, ta`
    ta`aa euh
    euh`a
    `a pa`
    pa`mm ms
    msoa
    oacfm
    cfmrr sm qu
    qumrmr au hïa lplrm
    lplrmom
    omr.
    r. A `n
    `nrm
    rmnt
    ntaa â  prnvlon`l`
     prnvl on`l`mm (em
    (emsea
    sea ha ololsa
    sa `ls krlh`ms
     pmrsahlcn`l`ms, qum, par sn sÿ, sïa hatåonl)
    hatåon l) î, au `mvmrnl smr, lssmkurl`a `ms`m qum smdle cmvl`ls â saonm`l`m ls nhgarelëýms
    `m nhtmrmssm pôjcnoa rmclonahl`ls âqumcl pmssal au arklhnzlëïa qum aptauaptau par
     par hïa
    hï a sm mxpar `nrmtlemhtm.

    E NHN_PZA
    NHN_PZA M  ZMRßZPMZ , \]M_PÏA @M  M_OACFL

    \ulh`a trljlcflvl me ue darhlc `nìrna, rm`nkn uel eltîrnl `nzmh`a qum uel `ls elnarms rm`ms `m supmremrol`as
    supmremrol`as
    `a  plås loflvl qum hïa tnhfl qum `lr mxpcnolëýms la pôjcnoa
    la  pôjcnoa sajrm a `msljlstmonemhta `m olem aoarrn`a me suls cadls. M
    elns4 `nssm qum lqunca mrl prajcmel `mcl, m hïa `l neprmhsl. Mssl gan l rmspastl qum rmomjn m qum trlhsormvn tmxtulcemhtm.
    Me autrl aolsnïa, me ue gnhlc `m smelhl, mstlvl `m pclhtïa oaea rmpÿrtmr hl partl `a prî`na `m ue enhnstra.
    @m rmpmhtm, l eucfmr `mcm `msomu
    `msomu m lprahtau ue msoêh`lca.
    msoêh`lca. @nssm qum mcl m smu elrn`a emrmonle
    emrmonle `msolhsl
    `msolhslrr m tmr 

     prn
     prnvlon
    vlon`l`m
    smelhl, `l`m
    elsla emhas
    emh
    qum, aslejas
    me ha gnhlc
    gnhlasc `m smelhl.
    smelh
    olsas, mrll.nepassåvmc,
    Mu `nssm l parqum
    mcl
    m cl qum mu
    mu aptmn
    tlejîe
    tlejîpar
    e emrmonl
    e
    smrmrmonl tmr `msolhsa
    `msolh
    darhlcnstl m mcm,saparm prnvlo
    psmr
    rnvlon`l`m
    n`l`m ha
    enhnstra. Mclgnhlc `m
    sujnu
    gurnasl la
     

    lplrtlemhta m onhoa enhutas `mpans a kmhra `a enhnstra, oae l hmtl ha oaca, surknu plrl vmr sm pa`mrnl ldu`lr `m
    lckue ea`a as darhlcnstls m plrl `lr mxpcnolëýms sajrm l lkmh`l `a gnhlc `m smelhl `a enhnstra. L omhl `a kmhra oae l
    hmtl rmh`mu uel gata-cmkmh`l hl m`nëïa `m `aenhka m l neprmhsl, `m pas `m  passm
    sm `ls nhgarelëýms,
    nhgarelëýms, pð`
     pð`mm loae
    loaeplh
    plhflr
    flr l
    ratnhl `l lutarn`l`m me _ïa Rluca hlqumcms `nls.
    A  darh
     darhlcnst
    lcnstll  pmromjm
     pmromj m qulh`
    qulh`aa vaoä mstì emhtnh`a
    emhtnh`a,, aentnh`a au jcmglh`a. Ljrnr a daka
    a  daka m `nzmr l vmr`l`m î l emcfar 
    oansl l glzmr. Me aolsnýms mspmoågnols ‐ rlrls mxomëýms ‐, a eatnva eatnva pmca
     pmca qulc a ocnmhtm hïa qumr au hïa pa`m
    hïa  pa`m glclr pa`m
    glclr  pa`m
    smr prms
    smr  prmsmrvl
    mrvl`a,
    `a, els mssms sïa olsas l smrme lvlcnl`as pahtulcemhtm.

    OCNMHPM \]M GLCL E]NPA M _ME GAOA


    Mvntm la eìxnea qum smu lssmssarl`a `nsoarrl cahklemhtm sajrm a smt smtar
    ar la qulc pmrtmhom
    pmrtmhom au sajrm autra lssuh
    lssuhta
    ta
    qulcqumr, ha emna `m uel mhtrmvnstl‐lhïa smr qum mssm `nsoursa tmhfl nhgarelëýms sacnontl`ls pmca darhlcnstl. Oaejnhm oae
    smu lssm
    lssmssar
    ssarl`a
    l`a qum vaoä `mvmrì nhtmrgmrnr olsa mcm sm pahfl l glclr sajrm lssuhtas qum hïa mstïa me plutl, au emsea sm
    lcahklr `melns, oae a ajdmtnva `m rmoah`uznr l mhtrmvns
    mhtrmvnstl
    tl plrl a qum rmlcemhtm nhtmrmssl la darhlcnstl
    la darhlcnstl hlqu
    hlqumcm
    mcm eaemhta. M
    "plrlcnslhtm"
    "plrlcnslhtm" qulh`a l mhtrmvnstl sm lrrlstl, a darhlcnstl pìrl `m lhatlr m oaemël l jaomdlr au acflr plrl a rmcÿkna.

    NHPMZZAKLPßZNA
    nhtmrrakltÿrna qulh`a ltmh`mr la darhlcnstl.
     Hïa `nsplrm ue nhtmrrakltÿrna la  darhlcnstl. Rlrl mholenhflr a  pm`n`a `m nhgarelëïa qum mcm cfm gmz,
    vaoä prmonsl sljmr `l`as mcmemhtlrms, oaea qulc î l plutl, a gaoa `l eltîrnl, sm autrls nhstntunëýms
    nhstntunëýms mstïa smh`a oahsuctl`ls m
    autrls qumstýms
    qumstýms pmrt
     pmrtnhmht
    nhmhtms.
    ms. L plrtnr `mssm
    `mssm pahta
     pahta,, hïa lvlhom. Rmrkuhtlr "par ah`m vln smr a ljrm (Dml`) `m sul eltîrnl", au "qulc
    vln smr
    smr a tåt uca"" î `m mxt
    tåtuca mxtrme
    rmeaa elu kasta
    kasta m `meahstr
    `meahstrll tmht
    tmhtltnvl
    ltnvl `m nhtmrgmrä
    nhtmrgmrähonl
    honl ha trljlcfa
    trljlcfa `a pragnssna
    pragnssnahlc,
    hlc, lcîe `m
    "gaqunom" (tmrea qum `msnkhl
    `msnkhl darhlcnstls
    darhlcnstls nhmxpmrnmhtms,
    nhmxpmrnmhtms, me nhåona `m olrrmnrl).
     

    LENKA_1
    Darhl
    Darhlcnstl
    cnstl hïa î lenka
    lenka,, darhl
    darhlcnstl
    cnstl qumr nhgarelëïa.
    nhgarelëïa. _m vaoä grmqumhtlr
    grmqumhtlr gmst
    gmstls
    ls `m darhlcnstls,
    darhlcnstls, gnzmr au tnvmr lenka
    lenkass `a
    "autra
    "autra cl`a `a jlcjlcoï
    oïa",
    a", slnr plrl olenhflr
    olenhflr oae lckuel lenk lenkll mspm
    mspmonlc
    onlcnstl
    nstl me `mtm
    `mtmrenhl
    renhl`l
    `l ìrml me ue vmåouca
    vmåouca `m
    oaeuhnolëï
    oaeuh nolëïa,
    a, tnvmr oaepl`rms
    oaepl`rms m oael
    oael`rms
    `rms darhlcnstls,
    darhlcnstls, îtne
    îtnea.
    a. Els cm cmejr
    ejrm-s
    m-smm qum
    qum mcms
    mcms sïa darhlcnstls. Nhgarelëýms sajrm
    lssmssarl`as mstïa
    mstïa pranjn`ls
     pranjn`ls `m smrme oaemhtl`ls
    oaemh tl`ls hmssls onrouhstêhonls.
    \ulcqumr autra tnpa `m nhgarelëïa qum passl `mspmrtlr
    `mspmrtlr a nhtmrms
    nhtmrmssm
    sm `m
    `m darhlcnstls
     darhlcnstls tme smeprm qum smr prmom`n`a `l
    grlsm "oaea vaoä sljm, lqun mstleas oaea lenkas". @a oahtrìrna, vaoä oarrm a rnsoa `m vmr l nhgarel nhgarelëïa
    ëïa pujcnol`
    pujcnol`l.
    l.
    Rlrl hïa sm nh`nspar oae vaoä, euntls vmzms A "lenka" plssl l nhgarelëïa plrl autra  pra  pragns
    gnssna
    snahlc
    hlc `l rm`lëïa, oaea
    ue oacuhnstl au ue rmpÿrtmr `m autrl m`ntarnl. M mhtïa vaoä loljlrì oahtrnjunh`a plrl mstneuclr uel eltîrnl au uel
    hatl qum, garl `a oahtmxta `m uel oaeprmmhsïa elns lepcl, pa`m slnr `nstaron`l m prmdu`nolr l nelkme `m arklhnzlëýms
    au `m pmssals.
     Hïa î parqum mxnstm lenzl`m mhtrm vaoä m a darhlcnstl qum smu lssms lssmssarl`
    sarl`aa smrì paupl
    paupl`a,
    `a, `mnxl
    `mnxlh`a
    h`a `m smr lcva `m
    eltîrnls hmkltnvls.
    hmkltnvls. Gn olr ofaol`a
    ofaol`a au elkal`a `nlhtm `m tlns pujcno pujcnolëýms
    lëýms sÿ `meahstrl
    `meahstrl qum vaoä hïa sljm smpl smplrlr
    rlr ls
    oansls. Waoä `mvm mstlr prmplrl`a parqum as dar
    as  darhlc
    hlcnst
    nstls
    ls len
    lenkas
    kas,, pmca
    p mca emh
    emhasas as qum mu oahoahfmëa
    fmëa m oae
    o ae as qul
    qulns
    ns oahvnva
    oahvnva,,
    nkharle clëas `m plrmhtmsoa, praom`ähonl m hlturmzl `l lenzl`m hl farl `m rmlcnzlrme a trljlcfa.

    OACMPNWL GAZL @M OAHPZACM


     Hls oacmtnvls,
    oacmtnvls, gnqum ltmhta plrl qum a gaoa `l mhtrmvnstl rmlcemhtm
    rmlcemhtm smdl elhtn`a. _m gar
    gar plrl
     plrl lhuhonlr
    lhuh onlr nhvmstn
    nhv mstnemht
    emhtas
    as m
    ue rmpÿrtmr pmrkuhtlr sajrm `mtmrenhl`l euctl `m ue ÿrkïa lejnmhtlc au `m `mgmsl `a oahsuen`ar `nvuckl`l hlqumcl
    smelhl, smu ocnmhtm pa`m `nzmr qum as l`vakl`as `l meprmsl mstïa â `nspasnëïa plrl prmstlr msoclrmonemhtas me autrl
    mhtïa, elns
    aolsnïa m, mhtïa,
    aolsnïa elns qum rlpn`le
    rlpn`lemhtm
    mhtm,, vact
    vactlr
    lr la lssu
    lssuhta
    hta prnhonpl
    prnhonplc.c. As l`vak
    l`vakl`as
    l`as `mv
    `mvme
    me glclr
    glclr ha emsea
    emsea `n`nl,
    l, olsa
    olsa smdl
    hmomssìrna, els garl `a farìrna `l oacmtnvl. @a oahtrìrna, ta`
    ta`as
    as as  darhlns vïa nhnonlr eltîrnls oae l fnstÿrnl `l euctl m
    `mnxlr as nhvmstnemhtas ha "pî" `a tmxta.
     

    lplrtlemhta m onhoa enhutas `mpans a kmhra `a enhnstra, oae l hmtl ha oaca, surknu plrlsurknu  plrl vmr sm
    s m pa`mrnl
    pa `mrnl ldu`lr `m
    lckue ea`a as as darhlc
     darhlcnstls
    nstls m plrl `lr mxpcnolëýms sajrm l lkmh`l `a gnhlc
    gn hlc `m
    ` m smelhl `a enhns
    enh ns tra
    tra.. L omhl `a kmhra oae l
    hmtl rmh`mu uel gata-cmkmh`l hl m`nëïa m`nëïa `m `ae
    `aenhk
    nhkaa m l nepr
    neprmhs
    mhsl,
    l, `m pas
    passm
    sm `ls nhgarelëýms,
    nhgarelëýms, pð` pð`mm loaep
    loaeplhflr
    lhflr l
    ratnhl `l lutarn`l`m me _ïa Rluca hlqumcms `nls.
    A  darh
     darhlcnst
    lcnstll  pmromjm
     pmromj m qulh`
    qulh`aa vaoä mstì emhtn
    emhtnh`a,
    h`a, aent
    aentnh`a
    nh`a au jcmglh`a. Ljrnr a daka m `nzmr l vmr`l`m î l emcfar 
    oansl l glzmr. Me aolsnýaolsnýms
    ms mspmoågnols
    mspmoågnols ‐ rlrls mxomëýms
    mxomëýms ‐, a eatnva
    eatnva pmca
     pmca qulc a ocnmhtm hïa qumr au hïa pa`m glclr pa`m
    smr prms
    smr  prmsmrvl
    mrvl`a,
    `a, els mssms sïa olsas l smrme lvlcnl`as pahtulcemhtm.

    OCNMHPM \]M GLCL E]NPA M _ME GAOA


    Mvntm la eìxnea qum smu lssmssarl`a `nsoarrl cahklemhtm sajrm a smtar la qulc qulc pmrtmhom
     pmrtmhom au sajrm autra lssuh
    lssuhta
    ta
    qulcqumr, ha emna `m uel mhtrmvnstl‐ l hïa smr qum mssm `nsoursa
    `nsoursa tmhfl nhgarelëýms sacnontl`ls
    sacnontl`ls pmca darhlcnstl. Oaejnhm oae
    smu lssmssarl`a qum vaoä `mvmrì nhtmrgmrnr olsa mcm sm pahfl l glclr sajrm lssuhtas qum hïa mstïa me plutl, au emsea sm
    lcahklr `melns, oae a ajdmtnva `m rmoah`uznr l mhtrmvnstl plrl a qum rmlcemhtm nhtmrmssl
    nhtmrmssl la darhlcnstl hlqumcm eaemhta. Î
    "plrlcnslhtm"
    "plrlcnslhtm" qulh`a l mhtrmvnstl sm lrrlstl, a darhlcnstl
    a darhlcnstl pìrl
     pìrl `m lhatlr m oaemël l jaomdlr au acflr plrl
    acflr  plrl a rmcÿkna.

    NHPMZZAKLPßZNA
     Hïa `nsplrm ue nhtmrrakltÿrna qulh`a ltmh`mr la darhlcnstl. Rlrl mholenhflr a pm`n`a `m nhgarelëïa qum mcm cfm gmz,
    vaoä
    vaoä prmonsl
     prmonsl sljmr `l`as mcmemhtlrms, oaea qulc î l plutl,
    l plutl, a gaoa `l eltîrnl, sm autrls nhstntunëýms mstïa smh`a oahsuctl`ls m
    autrls qumstýms pmrtn
    qumstýms pmrtnhmhtm
    hmhtms.
    s. L plrtnr
     plrtnr `mssm
    `mssm pahta
     pahta,, hïa lvlhom. Rmrkuhtlr "par ah`m vln smr a ljrm (il`) `m sul eltîrnl", au "qulc
    vln smr a tåtuc
    vln tåtuca"
    a" î `m mxt
    mxtrm
    rmea
    ea elu kasta
    kasta m `mea
    `meahstr
    hstrll tmht
    tmhtltnv
    ltnvll `m nhtmrgm
    nhtmrgmräho
    rähonl
    nl ha trl
    trljlcf
    jlcfaa `a  pragnssnahlc, lcîe `m
    "gaqunom" (tmrea qum `msnkhl darhlcnstls nhmxpmrnmhtms, me nhåona `m olrrmnrl).
     

    LENKA_1
    Darhlcnstl hïa î lenka,
    lenka, darhl
    darhlcnstl
    cnstl qumr nhgar
    nhgarelëï
    elëïa.
    a. _m vaoä grmqumhtlr gmstls `m darhlcnstls, gnzmr au tnvmr lenkas `a
    "aut
    "autra
    ra cl`a
    cl`a `a  jlcoïa", sl
    slnr
    nr pl
    plrl
    rl ololen
    enhf
    hflr
    lr oa
    oaee lcku
    lckuel
    el lenkl
    lenkl mspmonlcns
    mspmonlcnstl
    tl me `mtmr
    `mtmrenh
    enhl`l
    l`l ìr
    ìrml
    ml me ue vm vmåo
    åouc
    ucaa `m
    oaeuhnolëïa, tnvmr oaepl`rms m oael`rms darhlcnstls, ÿtn-ea. Els cmejrm-sm qum mcms sïa darhlcnstls. Nhgarelëýms sajrm
    lssmssarl`as mstïa pranjn`ls `m smrme oaemhtl`ls hmssls onrouhstêhonls.
    \ulcqumr autra tnpa `m nhgarelëïa qum passl `mspmrtlr a nhtmrmssm `m darhlcnstls tme smeprm qum smr prmom`n`a `l
    grlsm "oaea vaoä sljm, lqun mstleas oaea lenkas". @a oahtrìrna, vaoä oarrm a rnsoa `m vmr l nhgarelëïa pujcnol`l.
    Rlrl hïa sm nh`nspar oae vaoä, euntls vmzms A "lenka" plssl l nhgarelëïa plrl autra pragnssnahlc `l rm`lëïa, oaea
    ue oacuhnstl au ue rmpÿrtmr `m autrl m`ntarnl. M mhtïa vaoä loljlrì oahtrnjunh`a plrl mstneuclr uel eltîrnl au uel
    hatl qum, garl `a oahtmxta `m uel oaep
    oaeprmmhsï
    rmmhsïaa elns lepcl, pa`m slnr `nstaron`l
    `nstaron`l m prmdu`nolr l nelkme `m arklhnzlëýms
    ar klhnzlëýms
    au `m pmssals.
     Hïa î parqum mxnstm lenzl`m mhtrm vaoä m a darhlcnstl qum smu lssms
    lssmssarl`
    sarl`aa smrì paupl
    paupl`a,
    `a, `mnxl
    `mnxlh`a
    h`a `m smr lcva `m
    eltîrnls hmkltnvls. Gnolr ofaol`a au elkal`a `nlhtm `m tlns pujcnolëýms sÿ `meahstrl qum vaoä hïa sljm smplrlr ls
    oansls.
    oansls. Waoä `mvm
    `mvm mstlr prmplrl`
    prmplrl`aa parqum as darhlcnstls lenkas, pmca emhas as qum mu oahfmëa m oae as qulns oahvn oahvnva,
    va,
    nkharle clëas `m plrmhtmsoa, praom`ähonl m hlturmzl `l lenzl`m hl farl `m rmlcnzlrme a trljlcfa.

    OKCMP[L GAZL @M OAHPZACM


     Hls oacmtnvls,
    oacmtnvls, gnqum ltmhta plrl qum a gaoa `l mhtrmvnstl rmlcemhtm
    rmlcemhtm smdl elhtn`a. _m gar
    gar plrl
     plrl lhuhonlr
    lhuh onlr nhvmstne
    nhvm stnemhta
    mhtass m
    ue rmpÿrtmr pmrkuhtlr sajrm `mtmrenhl`l euctl `m ue ÿrkïa lejnmhtlc au `m `mgmsl `a oahsuen`ar `nvuckl`l hlqumcl
    smelhl, smu ocnmhtm pa`m `nzmr qum as l`vakl`as `l meprmsl mstïa â `nspasnëïa plrl prmstlr msoclrmonemhtas me autrl
    aolsnïa
    aolsnïa m, mhtïa,
    mhtïa, elns qum rlpn
    rlpn`le
    `lemhtm
    mhtm,, vac
    vactlr
    tlr la lssuhta
    lssuhta prnhonpl
    prnhonplc.c. As l`vak
    l`vakl`as
    l`as `mv
    `mvme
    me glclr
    glclr ha emse
    emseaa `nl, olsa smdl
    hmomssìrna, els gar
    garll `a farìrna
    farìrna `l oacmtnvl. @a oahtrìrna, ta`as as darhlns vïa nhnonlr elt
    eltîr
    îrnls
    nls oae l fnstÿr
    fnstÿrnl
    nl `l euctl m
    `mnxlr as nhvmstnemhtas ha "pî" `a tmxta.
     

    LA CL@A @M RMZ_AHLCN@L@M_
    L gìjrnol gan nhlukurl`l, fauvm ue krlh`m mvmhta,
    mvmhta, a nhvmstnemhta gan snkhngnoltnva, l meprmsl mstì trlzmh`a tmohacaknl
    `m pahtl la plås m ha autra `nl a hatnonìrna mhgltnzl
    mhgltnzl l grlsm `m ue pacåtnoa prmsmhtm
    prmsmhtm hl sacmhn`l`m, ljar`lh`a ue lssuhta `a `nl!
    Î nssa emsea. \ulh`a sm ensturl neprmhsl m pmrsah
     pmrsahlcn`l`
    lcn`l`ms
    ms me mvmhtas
    mvmhtas oaea
    oaea mssms
    mssms,, ls oflhoms `m l plutl vnrlr
    vnrlr `m oljmël plrl
     jlnxa sïa `m `mz me `mz. _m hïa fauvmr hmhfue prajcmel prajcmel me `mnxlr l lutarn`l`m eìxnel prmsmhtm "olpntlcnzlr" as
    facagatms
    facaga tms `a mvmh
    mvmhta,
    ta, ÿtnea. Els sm hïa gar mssm a ajdmtnva,
    ajdmtnva, î emcfar glzmr uel lprmsmhtlëïa â neprmhsl ue `nl lhtms `l
    nhlukurlëïa agnonlc.

     L__M__AZ HÏA Î @AHA


    Waoä hïa
    Waoä hïa î `ah
    `ahaa hme oïa `m kulr`l `m smu lssmssarl`a.
    lssmssarl`a. Lssmssar
    Lssmssar `m neprmhsl mxnstm plrl gloncntlr a oahtlta
    oahtlta `a
     darhlcnstl oae a lssmssarl`a m hïa plrl jrmolr,
    plrl  jrmolr, nepar oah`nëýms au nhtmrgmrnr qulh`a a rmpÿrtmr lvlhël au pm`m
    au  pm`m a hôemra `a
    tmcmgahm omcuclr `m smu ocnmhtm, par mxmepca.
    _m a lssmssarl`a loflr qum `mvm nhgarelr a hôemra m sm qunsmr ltmh`mr `nrmtlemhtm la rmpÿrtmr `lcn me `nlhtm, ÿtnea! A
    rmpÿrtmr oahqunstau l oahgnlhël m l l`enrlëïa `m smu lssmssarl`a m nssa î eîrnta `mcm.
    Waoä pa`m oaejnhlr oae smu ocnmhtm plrl qum mcm lvns lvnsmm l lssms-sarnl
    lssms-sarnl qulh`a a rmpÿrtmr
    rmpÿrtmr cnklr, lpmhls plrl qum
    vaoä loaeplhfm sm slnrì lckuel eltîrnl au hatl m sm î hmomssìrna pravn`mhonlr nhgarelëýms l`nonahlns.
     Hl elnar plrtm
    elnar plrtm `ls vmzms, smu lssmssarl`a hïa pa`mrì
    hïa pa`mrì rmtarhlr âs cnklëýms `mssm darhlcnstl m vln
    vln plssl
     plsslrr l vaoä l tlrmgl `m
    glzmr mssms ltmh`nemhtas. Els smeprm qum mcm pu`mr m sm smhtnrsmhtnr prmplrl`a
     prmplrl`a  plrl sm rmclonahlr `nrmtlemhtm oae l neprmhsl,
    trltl-sm `m uel prìtnol l smr mstneucl`l.

    "L O]CRL Î @L NERZMH_L"


    Mssm î ue oflvïa utncnzl`a smeprm par lckuels lutarn`l`ms pacåtnols, hïa nepartl `m qulc îpaol m `m qulc plrtn`a.
    Plejîe
    Plejî e l neprmhsl
    neprmhsl rmpra`u
    rmpra`uzz ls oahtrl`
    oahtrl`nëým
    nëýmss `l saonm`
    saonm`l`m
    l`m,, nhocunh
    nhocunh`a
    `a ls tmhtltnv
    tmhtltnvls
    ls gmntls par krupas apastas `m qumrmr 
    krupas apastas
    elhnpuclr ls nhgarelëýms.
    nhgarelëýms. Rar nssa l neprmh-
     

    sl mrrl lckuels vmzms, "garël l jlrrl" plrl mhxmrklr ornsm au pacîenol ah`m hïa mxnstm m puj
     pujcnol
    cnol glt
    gltas
    as qum emr
    emrmonl
    monle
    e
    elnar lpurlëïa. Els `lå l ue lssmssar `m neprmhsl uslr mssl grlsm gmntl oaea garel `m dustngnolr plutls qum hïa `mrle
    omrta, hïa mepclolrle, au garle pujcnol`ls garl `ls mxpmotltnvls `m smu lssmssarl`a, vln uel `nstêhonl krlh`m.
    \ulh`a as prajcmels oae l eå`nl garme rmoarrmhtms, hïa nepartl sm krlh`ms au oarrnqumnras, î hmomssìrna rmvnslr 
    l mstrltîknl `m oaeuhnolëïa m rmpmhslr ls prìtnols `m rmclonahlemhta oae l neprmhsl.

    HÏA ELH@M "DLJÌ" RLZL A_ DAZHLCN_PL_


    "Dljì" î a dlrkïa utncnzl`a plrl as prmsmhtms qum ofmkle las darhlcnstls `ls rm`lëýms me `ltls oaemearltnvls,
    au jrnh`ms olras `nstrnjuå`as par meprmsls ha clhëlemhta `m lckue pra`uta. Me lckuels aolsnýms, oaea Hltlc m
    @nl `l Neprmhsl, î passåvmc mhvnlr pmqumhls cmejrlhëls oaea uel lëïa `m rmclonahlemhta m ue snhlc `m rmspmnta
     pmca pra
     pmca  pragnss
    gnssnahl
    nahlc.c. Lcîe `nssa
    `nssa,, hïa lvlhom. Ls rm`lëýms oastuele tmr orntîrnas
    orntîrnas prÿprnas
     prÿprnas sajrm oaea as  darhlcnstls
    `mvme pra
    `mvme  praom`
    om`mr
    mr mmee oolsa
    lsass `m dljì
    `m dljì.. M emcfar vaoä sm nhgarelr prnemnra sajrm oaea l prìt
     prìtnol
    nol î vnstl me ol
    ol`l
    `l vm
    vmåouca
    åouca..
     

    OLRNP]CA V 

    _ntulëýms `m ornsm

    L "omrneÿhnl `m jltnsea" `m ue lssmssar `m neprmhsl hl cn`l `mssl pragnssïa î a mhgrmhtlemhta `m uel ornsm `m
    nelkme. Lckuels guhonahle oaea uel avmr`asm `m l`rmhlcnhl, â qulc vaoä `mvm rmspah`mr oae lkncn`l`m, pmrspnoìonl m
    smkurlhël. _me nssa, as gltas tm ltrapmcle m `mnxle smqumcls `m `ngåonc trltlemhta plrl a lssmssarl`a.
     Ha nhåona, ls ornsms ‐ ls faeîrnols emsea ‐
    emsea ‐ sm mgmtnvle hue omhìrna `m `msoahtracm tatlc, oae eltîrnls hmkltnvls
     pujcnol`ls
     pujcn ol`ls  par ta`as as cl`as, la emsea tmepa. Î eunta `ngåonc qum ue ocnmhtm tmhfl oflhoms ljsacutlemhtm hucls `m plsslr 
    `m  plsslr 
     par uel trmemh`l
    trmemh` l ornsm. Ltî ls arklhnzlëýms hïa-kavmrhlemhtlns qum täe pradmtas snepìtnoas â papuclëïa pa`me smr 
    qumstnahl`ls sajrm l arnkme `as rmoursas `al`as l mcls qum hïa tmhfle arnkme `moclrl`l.
    Mssls sïa sntulëýms qum mhtrle hl oahtl `as gltarms nepah`mrìvmns, sajrm as qulns dì glcleas lqun. Plhtls autrls,
    ha mht
    mhtlht
    lhta,a, pa`
    pa`me
    me eunta  jme smr prmvnstls,
    prmvnst ls, `nlhtm `l  prÿpr
     prÿprnl
    nl hlturmzl `l ltnvn`l`m
    ltnvn`l `m `a lssmssar
    lssms sarl`a
    l`a.. M sm  pa`
     pa`meme smr 
     prm vnstls
     prmvns tls,, ppa`m
    a`mee smr mvntl`ls. L autrl plrtm sÿ pa`m smr l`enhnstrl`l.
    Fadm
    Fadm î oae oaeue
    ue qum ls krlh`ms
    krlh`ms arklhnzlë
    arklhnzlëýms
    ýms oaht
    oahtme
    me  prmvnlemhtm oae ue pclha `m oahtnhkähonl,
    oahtnhkähonl, prahta plrl smr 
    lonahl`a
    lonahl sntulëýms `m ornsm. Mssm ratmnra `m lëýms memrkmhonlns `mvm smr nepcmemhtl`a qulsm qum lutaeltnolemhtm ‐
    `a me sntulëýms lutaeltnolemhtm  ‐ dì  dì
    qum, hmssls farls, î prmonsa taelr em`n`ls qum hïa plrl
    hïa plrlcnsme
    cnsme l nhstntunë
    nhstntunëïa
    ïa m qum ldu`m
    ldu`me
    e ls `monsýms
    `monsýms l gcuårme
    gcuårme emcfar,
    emcfar, tnrlh`
    tnrlh`aa a
     

    lssmssarl`a `l ornsm a qulhta lhtms. Els lckuels ornsms hïa oljme smqumr `mhtra `a elns lzmntl`a pclha prmvnlemhtm
    oahstruå`a. Hmssms olsas, ls em`n`ls prmvmhtnvls smrvnrïa lpmhls oaea rmgmrähonl.
    Mhtïa sÿ has oljm oaeprmmh`mr emcfar oaea ls ornsms sïa olusl olus l `ls,
    `ls, oaea
    oaea pa`me
    pa`me smr prmvm
    prmvmhn`l
    hn`lss m l`enhnstrl`ls. L
    mxpmrnähonl `m qume dì plssau par lckuels jals "clvl`ls" oae ocnmhtms tlejîe tme eunta l has oahtlr. Oaemomeas par 
    smkunr, `ms`m dì, a oahsmcfa elns sìjna plrl uel sntulëïa
    sntulëïa `m ornsm4 mhgrmhtlr
    mhgrmhtlr a lssuhta.
    Ra`meass rìpn`l m ajdmtåvlemhtm
    Ra`mea ajdmtåvlemhtm pmhslr me lckuels sntul
    sntulëýms
    ëýms qum, `m olrl, n`mhtngnoleas oaea oråtnols plrl
    arklhnzlëýms m pmssals4

    • Lon`mhtms
    Lon`mhtms oae `lhas âs pmssals,
    pmssals, oaemn vlzlemhta
    vlzlemhta `m pmtrÿcma,
    qum`l `m lvnïa, nhoäh`nas me krlh`ms praparëýms, mhtrm autras.
    • Meprms
    Meprmsls ls m  pm
     pmss
    ssal
    al s me emna
    em na l msoê
    ms oêh`
    h`lc
    lcas
    as `m oarr
    oa rrup
    upëïëïa,
    a,
    oae a mhvacvnemh
    mhvacvnemhta ta `m ÿrkïas pôjcnoas.
    • Meprms
    Meprmsls ls m  pm
     pmss
    ssal
    alss me emna
    em na l msoê
    ms oêh`
    h`lc
    lcas
    as gnhl
    gn hlho
    homn
    mnra
    rass au
     jrnkls glencnlrms.
    • Apmrlëýms `m gusïa m lqunsnëïa `m meprmsls qum cmvme â
    oahomhtrlëïa `m emrol`a.
    • Meprms
    Meprmsls ls m pmssals lcvas `m ` m ORN_ (Oaenssýms
    (Oaenss ýms Rlrclemhtlr
    Rlr clemhtlrms ms
    `m Nhquîrnta) m autrls nhvmstnklëýms pôjcnols.
    • ( cïsm `m qulcn`l`m me meprmsls prmstl`arls `m smrvnëas pôjcnoas.
    • Rra`utas l`uctmrl`as
    l`uctmrl`as,, glcsngnol`as
    glcsngnol`as au oae prajcmels `m qulcn`l`m.
    • Rmrsahlcn`l`ms
    Rmrsahlcn`l`ms våtnels `m louslëýms
    louslëýms `m ouhfa pmssalc (lssî
    `na smxulc, sujarha, mhtrm autrls).
    • Meprmsls
    Meprmsls ouda pra`uta
    pra`uta prnhonplc
    prnhonplc î qumstnahl`a pujcnol
     pujcnolemhtm
    emhtm
     par ÿrkïas
    ÿrkïa s rmkucl`a
    rmk ucl`arms
    rms m `m `mgmsl `l slô`m (lenlhta, jmjn`ls
    lcoaÿcnols, onklrra m mcmemhtas oae lctl tlxl `m kar`url).
    • Meprmsls saj gartm ltlqum `ngleltÿrna `l oahoarrähonl.

    ]e jae rmsuea `mssls sntulëýms î garhm


    garhmon`a
    on`a pmca Nhstntutm
    Nhstntutm gar Orns
    Ornsns
    ns Elhlkmemht
    Elhlkmemht (Nhstntuta plrl Kmrmhonlemhta
    Kmrmhonlemhta `m
    Ornsms),
    Ornsms), qum oltmkarnzau as tnpas `m ornsms oahgarem ls olusl
    olusls.s. _ïa mcms4 "ltas `m @mus" (lon`mh tms hlturlns, qum trlzme
     prajcmels
     prajcm els l smrme kmrmhonl`as par meprmsls au kavmrhas), prajcmels emoêhnoas, mrras fuelhas m `monsýms au nh`monsýms
    l`enhnstrltnvls (qum kmrle prajcmels elnarms).
     

    Lqun has nhtmrmssl glclr `ls ornsms qum oaepraemtme


    oaepraemtme l nelkme. Mstls sïa ue  pra  prajcm
    jcm el `m oaeuhnol
    oaeuhnolëïa,ëïa, par 
    mxomcähonl. A prÿprna NOE `mgnhm ornsm oaea a loahtmonemhta qum mstneucl krlh`m oajmrturl `l neprmhsl, oae prmduåza
     plrl a `msmepmhfa `l arklhnz
    arklhnzlëïa.
    lëïa. Wmåoucas
    Wmåoucas `m oaeoaeuhn
    uhnolë
    olëïaïa sïa rmspahsì
    rmspahsìvmn
    vmnss par `mtahl
    `mtahlrr mss
    mssmm pra
    praom
    omssa
    ssa,, smd
    smdll  parqum
    nhvmstnkle msoêh`lcas rmvnrlh`a l vn`l `m pacå
    `m  pacåtnoa
    tnoass au meprmsìrn
    mepr msìrnas,as, au parqum
    par qum hatnon
    hat nonle
    le glt
    gltas
    as oaea
    oae a krlh`ms lon`mhtms.
    Elss sm oljm
    El oljm â neprmh
    neprmhsl
    sl trlzmr
    trlzmr a lssuhta
    lssuhta â tahl, oae el elnanarr ähg
    ähglsm
    lsm,, ls arklhnzlë
    arklhnzlëýms ýms m  pmrsa
     pmrsahlcn
    hlcn`l`ms
    `l`ms tlejîe
    tlejî e sïa
    rmspahsìvmns par,
    rmspahsìvmns  par, me lckuhs olsas,
    olsas, hïa taelr em`n`ls qum lhtmonpme rmsuctl`as hmkltnvas plrl
    hmkltnvas  plrl nelkme.
    nelk me.
     Hmssll farl,
     Hmss fa rl, vaoä, oaea lssmssar,
    lssms sar, mstlr
    mstlrìì ha
    h a emna
    e mna `a ttnrat
    nratmna.
    mna. Nrì sm `mplrlr oae `ans mxtrmeas `m oaepartlemhta4
    `m ue cl`a, l prmaouplëïa ‐ qum âs vmzms vnrl pêhnoa ‐ `a lssmssarl`a9 `m autra, l qulsm sltnsglëïa `m ue rmpÿrtmr 
    qulh`a î mcm a lutar `l `msoajmrtl
    `msoa jmrtl `m ue lplrmhtm
    lplrmhtm au rmlc msoêh`lc
    msoêh`lca.a. Lgnhlc,
    Lgnhlc, pragnssnahlns
    pragnssnahlns m vmåouca
    vmåoucass `m oaeuhnolëïa
    oaeuhnolëïa
    cfle oae as ls
    trljlcfle
    trljl lssuh
    suhtas
    tas qum elns neplo
    neplotata olus
    olusle
    le ha  pôjcnoa. M krlh`m plrtm `a pôjcnoa tme prlzmr me oahfmomr 
    `mtlcfms `m uel ornsm.
    Rartlhta,
    Rartlhta, me vmz `m gukn
    guknrr `a mhgrmhtlem
    mhgrmhtlemhta,
    hta, î prm
    prmonsa
    onsa sm mep
    mepmhfl
    mhflrr  plrl prmstlr ls nhgarelëý
    nhgarelëýms ms `m nhtmrmssm
     pôjcnoa. _m l arklhnzlëïa hïa taelr l grmhtm `l sntulëïa m sm tarhlr l gahtm gahtm prnhon
     prnhonplc,
    plc, lckuîe tmhtlrì oueprnr mssm plpmc.
    mssm  plpmc.
    M mssm lckuîe lcnemhtlrì l neprmhsl oae l  prÿp
     prÿprnl
    rnl vmrsïa `as loahtmonemhtas
    loahtmonemhtas..
    @mnxlr
    @mnxlr l ornsm smkunr a  prÿpr
     pr ÿprna
    na ru
    ruea
    ea,, oar
    oarrmh
    rmh`a
    `a sactl m sme qum vaoä taem ls rî`mls `l sntulëïa, î l  pnar 
    lctmrhltnvl l smr l`atl`l. Glzmr a oahtrìrna,
    oahtrìrna, au smdl, tmhtlr jlrrlr
    tmhtlr  jlrrlr pujcno
    pujcnolëýms
    lëýms m jrmolr l neprmh sl, î tlejîe oahgnrelr 
    uel trlkî`nl lhuhonl`l.
    Els hïa tmhfl
    tmhfl l ncusïa `m qum vaoä oahsmkunrì
    oahsmkunrì rmvmrtmr
    rmvmrtmr l orns
    ornsmm qul
    qulh`a
    h`a mcl dì tnvmr mstaurl`a sm l arklhnz
    arklhnzlëïa
    lëïa au l
     pmrsahlcn`l`m
     pmrsahlcn`l`m mhvacvn`l
    mhvacvn`l huhol sm prmaoupau me oahstrunr ue rmclonahlemhta sÿcn`a oae l neprmhsl.
    ]e olsa rmomhtm `m ornsm `m krlh`ms praparëýms î mejcmeìtnoa hmssm lspmota. Me :22?, l Nh`ôstrnl Oltlkulzms
    `m Rlpmc, oae sm`m me Enhls Kmrlns, tmvm uel `m suls jlrrlkmhs raepn`ls m rmså`uas tÿxnoas garle `mspmdl`as hue

    nepartlhtm
     prm
     prmduå
    duåzas rna qum
    zas lejnmht
    lejn ljlstmom
    mhtlns
    lns garle euhnoåpnas
    trmemh`as. enhmnras m gcuenhmhsms. L  papuclëïa caolc gnoau sme ljlstmonemhta `m ìkul
    ìkul m as
     

    L memeprprms
    msll sm vn
    vnuu lt
    ltlo
    lol`
    l`ll gra
    graht
    htlc
    lcem
    emhtm
    htm  pmcas vmå
    vmåouc
    oucas
    as `m
    oaeuhnolëïa
    oaeuh nolëïa,, sme qum oahsm
    oahsmkunss
    kunssmm msplëa plrl `lr `lr su
    sull vmrsïa
    vmrsïa `as
    gltas. Mstms,
    Mstms, par
     par snhlc, mrle par sn sÿ `msglvarìvmns
    `msglvarìvmns plrl
     plrl l oaeplhfnl.
    Fnstÿrnoa `m lon`mhtms lejnmhtlns, nrrmkuclrn`l`ms `m guhonahlemhta m,
     par gne, l tmhtlt
    tmhtltnvl
    nvl `m gukl
    gukl `m lc lckuh
    kuhss mx
    mxmo
    moutn
    utnvas
    vas lem
    lemlëlël`
    l`as
    as `m
     prnsïa,
     prns ïa, ga
    garl
    rle
    e `nvuckl`
    `nvuckl`asas  pmcl eå`n
    eå`nl,
    l, qum rlpn
    rlpn`lem
    `lemhtm
    htm smhtmhonau l
    Oltlk
    Olt lkulz
    ulzms
    ms oaea
    aea oucpl
    oucpl`l
    `l.. L rmrmlë
    lëïa
    ïa `l me meprm
    prmsl
    sl pl
    plrl
    rl mx
    mxpar
    par smus

    lrk
    lrkuem
    uemhta
    l`nlhtau.htas s la
    lass  darh
    Mhtrau  darhlcnst
    plrllcnstls
    ls sÿ sm
    l fnstÿrnl `muu sm
    `m
    l nelkme smelh
    elhls ls `mpans.
    `mpans.
    `l nh`ôstrnl M pravaoau
    qum `m aoau
    qum prav hl`l
    a elnar lon`mhtm le lejnmhtlc
    jnmhtlc rmknstrl`a ha Zna `m Dlhmnra.
    _m as gltas mstïa `nlhtm `m ta`as m î nepassåvmc guknr, mhtïa a qum
    as mhva
    mhvacv cvn` as täe l glzm
    n`as glzmrr î prprms
    mstl
    tlrr msoc
    msoclrmo
    lrmonemh
    nemhtas
    tas `m nhtmr
    nhtmrmssm
    mssm
     pôjcnoa m l`enhnstrlr a prajcmel `l elhmnrl elns oarrmnl. L kmstïa
     jme gmntl
    gmnt l `l ornsm î a prnhonplc rmeî`na plrl rmvmrtmr uel nelkme. M nssa
    snkhngn
    snkhngnol
    ol `lr ltmh
    ltmh`nem
    `nemhta
    hta `m mxom
    mxomcäho
    cähonl
    nl l våtn
    våtnels
    els m  plrmhtms `mstls, sm
    hmom
    hm omss
    ssìr
    ìrna
    na,, me
    mepm
    pmhfl
    hflrr ta`
    ta`as
    as as msgmsgarë
    arëas
    as plr
    plrll enh
    enhnen
    nenzl
    zlrr mst
    mstrlk
    rlkas
    as
    lejn
    le jnmh
    mhtl
    tlns
    ns au eltmrnln
    eltmrnlns,s, l`a
    l`atlr
    tlr l trlh
    trlhspl
    splräho
    rähonl
    nl oae
    oaeaa hare
    harell has
    oaeuhnol`as,
    oaeuhno l`as, mhtrm autrls nhnonltnvls qum ldu`le l rmgarëlr hl eå`nl a
    autra cl`a `l qumstïa.
    L lssmssarnl `m neprmhsl `mvm jusolr, pmca emhas, lcolhëlr a
    mquncåjrna mhtrm ls vmrsýms `l eå`nleå`nl plrl
     plrl as gltas. M nssa sÿ smrì passåvmc
    sm l mqunpm `m oaeuhnolëï
    oaeuhnolëïaa  plr
     plrtno
    tnonpl
    nplrr mgmtnv
    mgm tnvlemh
    lemhtmtm `a oårouca `m
    tael`l `m `mons`monsýms
    ýms sajrm oaea lknr `nlhtm `l ornsm. Me vmz `m smr 
    lonahl`l lpmhls
    lpmhls plrl
     plrl rmplsslr las darhlcnstls a qum l arklhnzlëïa au l
     pmrsahlcn`l`m
     pmrsahlc n`l`m rmsacvmu glzmr
    glzmr,, a lssmssar `mvm nhtmrgmrnr
    nhtmrgmrnr hl msoacfl `a
    quä, mgmtnvlemhtm, `mvm smr gmnta hmssls farls.

    \]LH@A L OZN_M Î @M OAE]HNOLËÏA


    Rragnss
    Rragnssnahlns
    nahlns m mstu`
    mstu`nasas
    nasas `a euh`a nhtmnra qum cn`le oae l
    ltnvn-``l`m `m kmst
    ltnvn- kmstïa
    ïa `m orns
    ornsmm `mvm
    `mvmrnl
    rnle
    e mstu`
    mstu`lr
    lr a olsa qum gnoau
    oahfmon`a oaea `l "påcucl `m glrnhfl" (a lhtnoahomponahlc
    lhtnoahomponahlc Enoravclr)
    gljrnol`l pmcl
    gljrnol`l  pmcl _ofmrnhk
    _ofmrnh k `a Jrlsnc. La oahtrìrna `m euntls ornsms qum
     pa`me ltî hïa smr  jme l`enhnstrl`ls pmcls arklhnzlëýms, l fnstÿrnl
     pratlkahnzl`l par mssmmssm clj
    cljarl
    arltÿr
    tÿrna
    na glrel
    glreloäutn
    oäutnoa
    oa î rmoah
    rmoahfmon`l
    fmon`l,, par 

    lckuhs lhlcnstls, oaea ue prajcmel krlvm `m oaeuhnolëïa.


     

    A elns nhtrnklhtm hmssm olsa gan a glta `m l _ofmrnhk tmr sm prahuh


    sm  prahuhonl
    onl`a
    `a ljmr
    ljmrtle
    tlemht
    mhtmm sajr
    sajrmm a tme
    tmell lpmhls `mpans
    `m l neprmhsl tmr `nvuckl`a a glta, dì oae nelkmh
    nelkmhss `m eucfmrms qum gnzmrle
    gnzmrle usa `a catm `m pclomjas
    pclomjas (qum, ha olsa,
    mrle gmntas `m glrnhfl), ducklh`a
    d ucklh`a trltlr-sm `m lhtnoaho
    lhtnoahomponahl
    mponahlns,
    ns, m mhkrlvn`lrle.
    mhkrlvn`lrle. Î pravìvmc qum l ornsm `m nelkme
    lprmsmhtlssm praparëýms emharms sm l meprmsl, lhtms `l neprmhsl, tnvmssm cmvl`a a lcmrtl â papucl
    â  papuclëïa
    ëïa sajrm
    sajr m as prajcm
    as  prajcmels
    els
    gljrnolëïa,
    `m gljrnolëïa, qum  dì flv
    flvnle
    nle sn`a `mtmotl`as.
    `mtmotl`as. L prÿprnl elhmnrl oaea l ornsm gan oah`uzn
    oah`uzn`l
    `l nhomhtnva
    nhomhtnvauu l eå`n
    eå`nll l
    rmprmsmhtlr a olsa pastmrnaremhtm.

    OAHWAOLËÏA @M ]EL GAZËL-PLZMGL


    Me sntulëýms `m ornsm qum mhvacvme meprmsls, î hmomssìrna oahvaolr uel garël tlrmgl plrl rmvmrtmr l sntulëïa me
    ue ourta msplëa `m tmepa. Ls lëýms `mvme smr `nrnkn`ls plrl ta`as as pôjcnoas oae as qulns l arklhnzlëïa sm rmclonahl
    m, mspmonlcemhtm, oae lqumcms qum sagrmrle au qum mstïa vnvmhonlh`a ls oahsmquähonls `a prajcmel.
    Lhtms `m nr l olepa, ha mhtlhta, l arklhnzlëïa `mvm `mgnhnr l mstrltîknl `m ljar`lkme `l ornsm. A prnemnra plssa
    prnemnra  plssa î
    rmoahfmomr qum l ornsm mxnstm m hïa tmhtlr enhnenzlr
    enhnenzlr sul nepartêhonl.
    nepartêhonl. < Cholr
    Cholrm-l
    m-l me sul oarrmtl `nemhsïa, auvnh`a, plrl
    nssa, plrmomrms
    nssa,  plrmomrms tîohnoas
    t îohnoas prmonsas.
    prmon sas.
    Wlcm cmejrlr a  pasn
     pasnonah
    onahlemh
    lemhta ta `l Rmtrajrls `nlhtm `a vlzlemhta `m  pmtrÿc
     pmt rÿcma
    ma hl Jlå
    Jlåll `l Kulh
    Kulhljlr
    ljlrl,
    l, ha Zna `m
    Dlhmnra,
    Dlhmnr a, qum rmh`mu nelkmhs gartms plrl ls menssarls `m PW  sajrm a lrrlsl`ar mgmnta qum a lon`mhtm olusau la emna
    lejnmhtm. Huel mhtrmvnstl, ue `as.mxmoutnvas `l oaeplhfnl mstlvl `nlhtm `a omhìrna `msacl`ar `ls ìkuls oajmrtls `m
    ÿcma hmkra. \umstnahl`a sajrm ls em`n`ls tael`ls pmcl meprmsl, nhtmrraepmu l pmrkuhtl pmrkuhtl `a rmpÿrtmr plrl oarrndå-ca
    me rmclëïa â qulhtn`l`m `m `m pmtr
     pmtrÿcm
    ÿcmaa `mrrlel`a. A prajcmel î qum a `l`a mxlta mrl enhnelemhtm nhgmrnar la ontl`a pmca
    ontl`a  pmca
     darhlcnstl.
     darhlc nstl. A  partl-
     partl-vaz
    vaz `mvmrnl glzmr tlc oarrmëïa, els `m elhmnrl pah`mrl`l, lrkuemhtlh`a qum a elns prmaouplhtm hïa
    mrl l qulhtn`l`m mxltl `m ÿcma, els as prmduåzas qum a lon`mhtm pravaoau hl rmknïa.
    Lhas `mpans, auvn autra mxmoutnva `l Rmtrajrls pmrkuhtlr
    Rmtrajrls  pmrkuhtlr  plrl vìrnas
    vìrnas darhlcnstls
     darhlcnstls sm mcms lorm`ntlvle hl prmaouplëïa
    oae a emna lejnmhtm
     

    `l meprmsl. Mhtrm mcms, mstlvl dustlemhtm


    dustlemhtm lqumcm rmpÿrtmr qum cmejrau `l rmspastl lhtmrnaremhtm rmomjn`l. Mcm
    oahtau l ta`as as oacmkls sajrm a aoarrn`a, pasnonahlh`a-sm oclrlemhtm oaea nhorî`uca me rmclëïa â pasturl `l
    oaeplhfnl, pravaolh`a uel sntulëïa oahstrlhkm`arl plrl as rmprmsmhtlhtms `l Rmtrajrls prmsmhtms ha caolc.

     LPA @M F]ENC@L@M
    Zmoahfmomr l `nemhsïa `l ornsm, m as vìrnas gmntas, î ue lta `m fuenc`l`m qum l neprmhsl vlcarnzl. @l`a mssm prnemnra
    Zmoahfmomr
     plssa, î prmonsa `msoajrnr
    `msoajr nr l arnkme `a prajcmel m par qum mcm ltnhknu tlns praparëýms. Rmr kuhtls mcmemhtlrms `mvme smr 
    gmntls
    gmntls.. A qum olusau
    olusau l orn sm1 @m qume î l rmspahsljncn`l`m1
    ornsm1 rmspahsljncn`l`m1 Ra`mråleas
    Ra`mråleas tmr `msoajmrta
    `msoajmrta tu`a nssa lhtms1 \ulns sïa as
     prmduåzas fuelhas m eltmrnlns1 A qum glzmr ha mxlta eaemhta plrl mvntlr qum a prajcmel sm lkrlvm1 A qum glzmr plrl
    oaepmhslr, `m omrtl garel, as `lhas olusl`as1
    _ne, sïa euntls qumstýms, lnh`l qum lplrmhtmemhtm snepcms, l smrme rmspah`n`ls hue ourtåssnea msplëa `m tmepa.
    Rmssals rmspahsìvmns pmcls ìrmls tîohnol, durå`nol, gnhlhomnrl, `m oaeuhnolëïa, mhtrm autrls `mvme sm uhnr plrl jusolr ls
    nhgarelëýms hmomssìrnls m, sÿ `mpans, mstljmcmomr qulc smrì a pasnonahlemhta `l meprmsl me rmclëïa la prajcmel.
     Hmssl farl, l arklhnzlëïa
    arklhn zlëïa prmonsl `mgnhnr
    `mgnhn r qume glclrì oae l ne neprmhsl,
    prmhsl, qum nhstruemhtas
    nhstrue mhtas `m oaeuhnolëïa smrïa
    utncnzl`as,
    utncnzl`as, qulns
    qulns m me qum tmepa as vmåoucas `m eå`nl smrïa ljar`l`as, qum nhgarelëýms smrïa smrïa prmstl`l
    prmstl`lss `m nhåona
    nhåona m sm
    ltmr âqumcls dì oahgnrel`ls. Ltmhëïa4 î  prm ons a tmr tm r oun
    oun`l`
    `l`aa plr
    plrll hïa  pmr
     pmr`mr
    `mr a eaemh
    eaemhta ta `m sm prahuhonlr.
    prahuhonlr. Hïa smdl
     prmonp
     prm onpntl
    ntl`a,
    `a, nh`a
    nh` a l pôjcno
    pôj cnoaa sme nhgare
    nhg arelëým
    lëýmss mxltls.
    mxlt ls. Els hme par nssa `mnxm ltmh `mr â neprm
    `mnx m `m ltmh`mr neprmhsl.
    hsl. _m hïa tnvmr 
    rmspastl ha eaemhta, praemtl las darhlcnstls qum nrì garhmoä-cls, m oueprl oae 2 oaejnhl`a tïa rìpn`a smdl passåvm passåvmc.c.
     Hïa mspmrm plsslr
    mspmrm plsslr a oolcar
    lcar `as loahtmonem
    loaht monemhtas.
    htas. A ltrlsa pa`m rm`uznr l nepartêhonl `l vmrsïa qum l meprmsl qumr nhocunr 
    hl eå`nl.
    Rlrl `mgn
    `mgnhnr
    hnr a partl-vaz
    partl-vaz `a lssmssar
    lssmssarl`a,
    l`a, î  prmonsa pmslr l fljncn`l`m oaeuhnoltnvl
    oaeuhnoltnvl `a msoacfn`a, a qum nhocun smr 
    sugnonmhtmemhtm oclra hls oacaolëýms m trlhqunca la rmspah`mr ltî emsea âs elns nh`msmdìvmns pmr-
     

    kuhtls. Els mcm tlejîe `mvm passunr ta`ls ls nhgarelëýms l smrme rmplssl`ls m `meahstrlr smkurlhël hl
    vmrlon`l`m `mstls. @mvm `meahstrlr las darhlcnstls qum mstì lcn parqum l arklhnzlëïa plrl l qulc trljlcfl prnarnzl uel
     pacåtno
     pacåtnoll ``mm trlh
    trlhspl
    splräh
    rähonl
    onl oae l eå`nl.
    Las lssmssarms `m oaeuhnolëïa oljm `lr l tÿhnol `a `nsoursa utncnzl`a oae ol`l pôjcnoa. Ha oahstlhtm msgarëa `m
    `mvm prmvmr
    lhtmonplr omhìrnas, `mvm prm vmr,, pa
     parr mx
    mxmep
    mepca,
    ca, sm a gglta
    lta lol
    lolrrm
    rrmtlrì
    tlrì uel sup
    supmr
    mr `me
    `melh`
    lh`ll sajr
    sajrmm as
    as sm
    smrv
    rvnëa
    nëass `m
    `m ltmh
    ltmh`n
    `nemh
    emhta
    ta la
    oahsuen`ar, m lssne nhstrunr as apmrl`arms `m tmielrimt nhk. A lssmss
    tmielrimtnhk. lssmssar
    ar prmonsl lnh`l `mgnhnr qume `mvmrì praourlr as
    lhlcnstls `m emrol`a m ls lutarn`l`ms
    lutarn`l`ms `m kavmrh
    kavmrha,
    a, mhtrm autras pô
    pôjcnoas,
    jcnoas, oae
    oaeaa vmrmeas elns l`nl
    l`nlhtm.
    htm.

    Rlrl
     Hl`l lcî
     Hl`l e lckuhs,
    lcîe `l vmr pa`m
    vmr`l`m
    `l`m!! Lplrmomr
    ark `mshmomssìrna
    arklhnzlëïa
    lhnzlëïa pa`mm hïarmpmtnr,
    pa` nhgare
    nhgarelrels nhsnsta4 sÿasvlcm
    lr `mtmrenhl`
    `mtmrenhl`as `nzmr
    `l`as
    `l`as, , smloahsn`mrì-cas
    vmr`l`m has oaeuhnol`as `mlckue
    mstrltîknoas par ornsm.
    eatnva,, els nssa smrì lo
    eatnva lomntìvmc
    mntìvmc lpm
    lpmhls
    hls sm l aenssïa `mssls nhgarelëýms hïa oahtrlrnlr a msoclrmonemht
    msoclrmonemhtaa sajrm gltas me
    ltmhëïa â smkurlhël `ls pmssals m `as jmhs eltmrnlns qum passule. Emhtnr î l pnar slå`l passåvmc. L vmrsïa oarrmtl,
    om`a au tlr`m, vnrì â tahl. M qulh`a nssa loahtmomr, l orm`njncn`l`m `as mhvacvn`as nrì par ìkul ljlnxa.
    L neprmhsl î lpmhls l plrtm vnsåvmc `l ornsm. Rlrl qum a lssuhta `mnxm `m smr ljar`l`a, î prmonsa rmsacvä-ca. _m
    hïa gar passåvmc au mhqulhta nssa hïa aoarrm, î hmomssìrna qum ls gahtms qum lcnemhtle a hatnonìrna sm oahvmhële `m qum
    l meprmsl dì taeau ta`ls ls pravn`ähonls passåvmns m qum tme a oahtracm `l sntulëïa. Els, me fnpÿtmsm lckuel, a lcmrtl
    la pôjcnoa `mvm pravaolr pêhnoa hls pmssals.

     LRZAWMNPL@AZM_ @M FACAGAPM_
    Pa`l ornsm ljrm msplëa âs pmssals qum qumrme lpravmntlr l aolsnïa plrl lplrmomr hl neprmhsl. Racåtnoas, oahsuctarms,
    l`vakl`as, lhlcnstls `a emrol`a gnhlhomnra, moahaenstls m autras pragnssnahlns sïa lssm`nl`as plssle l gnolr saj
    as facagatms.
    Duhtm-sm l nssa l prìtnol `m plrtm `as ÿrkïas `m `mgmsl `a oahsuen`ar ‐ mhtrm autras ‐ `m lvnslr prnemnra â
    neprmhsl m sÿ `mpans hatngnolr l meprmsl sajrm supastls nrrmkuclrn`l`ms.
     

    L rmlëïa `mvm smr ìknc, msoclrmom`arl m mhgìtnol. @mvm-sm pahtu


    @mvm-sm  pahtulr
    lr duhta â neprmhsl
    neprmhs l ls pah`mrlëýms
    pah`mrlë ýms pmrtnhmhtms
    pmrtnhmh tms `a
     pôjcnoa mxtmrha,
    mxtmrha , smplrlh`a-
    smplr lh`a-ls
    ls `ls qum hïa glzme smhtn`a
    smhtn `a m sïa pra`uzn`ls
    pra`u zn`ls lpmhls plrl qum omrtls pmssals
    pmssal s au mhtn`l`ms
    mhtn `l`ms
    l`qunrle vnsnjncn`l`m.
    L meprmsl `mvm taelr l grmhtm `a gcuxa `m nhgarelëýms
    nhgarelëýms onroucl
    onrouclhtms
    htms sajrm a  praj
     prajcmel
    cmel.. _me mssl nhnonltn
    nhno nltnvl
    vl `m
    oaeuhn
    oae uhnol
    olëï
    ëïa,
    a, mcl tarhl-
    tarhl-sm
    sm lcva
    lcva `m `moclrl
    `moclrlëým
    ëýmss `msmho
    `msmhoaht
    ahtrl`l
    rl`lss `m mvmhtul
    mvmhtulnsns apasnt
    apasntarm
    armss au `m lpravm
    lpravmntl
    ntl`ar
    `arms
    ms.. L
    neprmhsl prmonsl rmoahfmomr qum tmrì lomssa las `l`as, `m elhmnrl ìknc m msoclrmom`arl, lpmhls sm gar â gahtm `nrmtl-
    emhtm mhvacvn`l.
    mhvacvn`l. @mssl garel, l meprmsl
    meprmsl tme elns ofl
    oflhoms p asnëïa sajrm as gltas aoarrn`as.
    homs `m prmvlcmomr sul pasnëïa

    G  LCLZ  Î  GÌONC
    @nzmr oaea `mvm smr ue jae kmrmhonlemhta `m ornsm plrmom gìonc. @ngåonc î glzmr. Mspmonlcemhtm qulh`a l ornsm
    mhvacvm uel krlh`m meprmsl prmstl`arl `m smrvnëas pôjcnoas. Wnvn mssl mxpmrnähonl mxpmrnähonl oae l Pmcmgÿhnol, apmrl`arl `m
    tmcmgahnl gnxl me _ïa Rluca.
    Me <>>>, lpÿs a krupa Pmcmgÿhnol `m Msplhfl vmhomr a cmncïa `m  prnv  prnvltnz
    ltnzlëïa
    lëïa `l mstltlc
    mstl tlc Pmcmsp,
    Pmcm sp, uel orn
    ornsm
    sm `m
    nelkme
    nelk me sme tlelhfa lemlëlvllemlëlvl ltî emsea l  pmrel pmrelhähon
    hähonll `l meprmsl
    meprm sl ha Jrlsnc.
    Jrlsn c. @mhtrm as prajcmel
    prajcmels,s, l Pmcmgÿhn
    Pmcmgÿhnol
    ol
    oahtljncnzlvl4
    oahtljncnzlv l4 elnar hôemra `m qumnxls has ÿrkïas `m pratmëïa la oahsuen`ar, euctls rmoarrmhtms `l lkähonl rmkucl`arl, ORN
    mstl`ulc plrl nhvmstnklr
    nhvmstnklr ls lëýms `l oaeplhfnl m ltî oråtnols pôjcnols `m hnhkuîe emhas qum a prmsn`mhtm `l Zmpôjcnol hl
    îpaol, Gmrhlh`a Fmhrnqum Olr`asa.
    L lepcnlëïa `l elcfl tmcmgÿhnol sajrm uel nhgrlmstruturl "durìssnol" mstlvl ha omhtra `l qumstïa4 has msgarëas
    `m ouep
    ou eprnrnrr ls em tltlss mst
    mstljm
    ljmcmo
    cmon`l
    n`lss plrl a smrv
    smrvnëa
    nëa lkarl
    lkarl prnvlt
    prnvltnzl
    nzl`a,
    `a, lPm
    lPmcmg
    cmgahno
    ahnoll tmhtlvll
    tmhtlvll `urls
    `urls pmhls oarrnknr as mrras qum
    nrrntlv
    nrrntlvle
    le â papuclëï
    papuclëïaa m  pravaolvle a jaejlr`mna `l neprmhsl. Cnhfls rmsn`mhonlns nle plrlr has armcfýms, tmcmgahms
    oaemro
    oae mronln
    nlnss gnolvl
    gnolvlee eu`as
    eu`as `m rmpmht
    rmpmhtm,
    m, mhqulh
    mhqulhtata l meprms
    meprmsll hïa oahsmkunl
    oahsmkunl rmspah`mr
    rmspah`mr `mvn`lemhtm
    `mvn`lemhtm âs qumnxls
    qumnxls `as
    oahsuen`arms.
    Zmsuctl`a4
    Zmsuctl` a4 as vmåoucas `m oaeuhnolëïa
    oaeuhnolëïa tarhlrle-sm
    tarhlrle-sm as prnhonplns partl-vazms
    partl- vazms (oae `mstlqum plrl ls menssarls `m
    rì`na) `l nrl papuclr oahtrl l Pmcmgÿhnol.
    Pmcmgÿhnol.
     

    \ulh`a gaeas oflel`as plrl lpclolr l ornsm, rmomjmeas ue uctnelta4 "Waoäs täe 06 farls plrl oacaolr `m pî
    ue pclha `m oaeuhnolëïa `m memrkäho
    memrkähonl".
    nl". Eahtleas ue \K   `mhtra `l meprmsl oae `mzanta darhlcnstls, mstruturl`as
    rm`lëïa, m ol`l ue mrl rmspahsìvmc par "oajrnr" uel ìrml `l meprmsl (tmohacaknl, `mgmsl `a oahsuen`ar,
    oaea huel rm`lëïa,
     pacåtnol
     pacåtn ol m gnhlhëls). Lcîe `nssa, uel mqunpm sm rmvmzl
    rmvmzlvl
    vl ha trljlcfa `m rì`na-msoutl, oae a ajdmtnva `m loaeplhflr :0
    farls par `n `nll ls rì`nas
    rì`nas m PW_,
    PW_, has passnjn
    passnjncnt
    cntlh
    lh`a
    `a rmspah
    rmspah`m
    `mrr `m elhmnrl rìpn`l l qulcqumr qumnxl lprmsmhtl`l ha
    hatnonìrna.
    Mrl mharem a vacuem `m eltîrnls hmkltnvls oahtrl l meprmsl m `mvmråleas rm`uzn-ca me =2% `mhtra `m träs
    emsms. ue
    elhtmr Oahsmkuneas ltnhknr
    `nìcaka `nrmta oaeuel rm`uëïa
    a usuìrna,
    usuìr na, hme`m qum,
    ;=%plrl
    dì hanssa,
    smkuh`a eäs. ]emxmoutnvas
    as prnhonplns `as prnhonplns gaoas `m
    `l meprmsl ltulëïa
     prmonslssme
     prmon `l mqunpm
    slssme gan
    rmspah`mr 
    âs qumnxls, par emna `ls rì`nas. Oae uel mstruturl `m trljlcfa nhstlcl`l `mhtra `l meprmsl, l mqunpm klhfau lkncn`l`m
     plrl glclr oae as  darhlcnstls m tmr lomssa la prnemnra
    la  prnemnra msolcïa `l oaeplhfnl. Rlssau, oae nssa, l `lr vlzïa âs olrtls `m
    oahsuen`arms qum, ha ìpnom `l ornsm, saelvle <,<22 la `nl.
    Las pauoas, neprmhsl m usuìrna rmoahfmomrle qum l Pmcmgÿhnol tnhfl rmspastls plrl ol`l prajcmel m qum sm mepmhflvl
    hl sacuëïa. L vmrsïa `l meprmsl oaemëlvl l mepclolr, la emsea tmepa me qum as lssmssarms sm msgarëlvle plrl `meahstrlr  `meahstrlr 
    rlzýms  plrl as prajcmels tîohnoas mhgrmhtl`as hl lepcnlëïa
    ls rlzýms lepcnlëïa `l elcfl.
    elcfl. @mssl garel, hïa sÿ enhnenzleas a ltlqum `as
    vmåoucas oahtrl l meprmsl oaea oahsmkuneas pahtulr as lrkuemhtas `l oaeplhfnl m rmvmrtmr jal rmvmrtmr jal plrtm `a hatnonìrna.
    L ol`l mhtrmvnstl, l ol`l oacmtnvl, uel mstrltîknl mspmoågnol mrl eahtl`l. Gltas pasntnvas, oaea a vacuem `m nhvmstnemhtas
    `l meprmsl ha Jrlsnc m l ea`mrhnzlëïa `mgnhntnvl `l rm`m `m tmcmgahnl, mrle pahtul`as `nlrnlemhtm hl neprmhsl. L tìtnol `m
    kumrrnc
    kum rrncfl
    fl gmz oae qum l Pmcmgÿ
    Pmcmgÿhnol
    hnol supmrlssm
    supmrlssm l ornsm emsms `mpans. HmssmHmssm praomssa, gan prmonsa euntl jrnkl
    euntl jrnkl  plrl oahvmhomr 
    mxmout
    mxmoutnva
    nvass l gl
    glcl
    clr,
    r, pl
    plrl
    rl kl
    klhf
    hflr
    lr oahgn
    oahgnlh
    lhël
    ël m neprne
    neprnenr
    nr l gcmxnj
    gcmxnjncn
    ncn`l`
    `l`mm hmom
    hmomss
    ssìrnl
    ìrnl âs hassls lëýms ha ìpnom `a prajcmel,
    oahqunstlh`a lpana `a oarpa `m guhonahìrnas las qulns mstìvleas `nrmtlemhtm sujar`nhl`as.
    Gan oae ue trljlcfa nhtmhsa `m oaeuhnolëïa
    oaeuhnolëïa qum oahsmkunrle vn vnrl
    rlrr mssm
    mssm daka. M hassl lkähonl, l Eìqunhl `l
    daka.
     Hatåonl,, klhfau
     Hatåonl klhfau a prnhonplc
    prnhonplc
     

     prî ena jrl


     prîena jrlsnc
    sncmnr
    mnraa hl ìrml
    ìrm l `m lssmssa
    lssm ssarnl
    rnl `m neprmh
    nep rmhsl,
    sl, oahom`n
    oaho m`n`a
    `a pmc
    pmcll Ljmrdm me :222, plrl a olsm "Pmcmgahnl, l
    Wnrl`l".
    M hmomssìrna oahgmrnr mssm eîrnta â mqunpm `m tîohnoas m kmstarms `l Pmcmgÿhnol.
    Pmcmgÿhnol. Olsa mcms hïa tnvmssme
    tnvmssme gmnta l plrtm
     ‐ a elns `ngåonc, sme `ôvn`l! ‐
    `mcms ‐
    `mcms `ôvn`l! ‐ , au smdl, olsa mcms hïa tnvmssme trljlcfl`a lr`ulemhtm plrl trnpcnolr a hôemra `m
    cnhfls `a Mstl`a `m _ïa Rluca me tmepa rmoar`m, rmsacvmh`a plrlcmclem
    plrlcmclemhtm
    htm ta`as as  praj
     prajcmel
    cmelss `m qulcn`l`
    qulc n`l`mm qum garle
    ga rle
    surknh`a (par elns nrrntlhtms qum mcms passle tmr sn`a plrl hÿs, usuìrnas, me ue `mtmrenhl`a pmråa`a), hïa smrnl passåvmc
    msormvmr a olsm qum rmh`mu a  prîen
     prîenaa â Eìqunhl.
    Eìqun hl.

    RLZL HÏA GNOLZ _ß HA @N_O]Z_A


    Els `nsoursa, par sn sÿ, huhol rmsacvm saznhfa a prajcmel. Î hmomssìrna taelr ltntu`ms `m nem`nlta hplrl supmrlr ls
    `ngnouc`l`ms m, la emsea tmepa, `lr sujså`nas â neprmhsl plrl qum l vmrsïa `l arklhnzlëïa smdl gartlcmon`l m lcnemhtl`l.
    Nss
    Nssaa nhocun
    nhocun,, par mxmepc
    mxmepca4a4 hmkao
    hmkaonlëým
    nlëýmss oae lutarn
    lutarn`l`ms
    `l`ms mhvacvn`ls9
    mhvacvn`ls9 pravn`ähonls
    pravn`ähonls plrl omss omsslr
    lr l  pacunëï
     pacunëïaa lejnmhtlc
    lejn mhtlc99
    l`lptlëïa `m pra`utas â cmknsclëïa9 rmuhnïa `m `aouemhtas lprmsmhtl`as l uel ORN, mhtrm autrls.
    @a oahtr
    oahtrìrna,
    ìrna, l meprmsl trlhsentm
    trlhsentm l nelkme `m plrlcnsnl
    plrlcnsnl `nlhtm `l ornsm m ta`a a pasnonahlemhta pmrlhtm l eå`nl
    sm tarhl rmpmtntnva, `mslhnel`ar m nhÿoua.
    Lckuhs mspmonlcnstls sukmrme qum nhgarelëýms hmkltnvls plrl l meprmsl `mvle smr `l`ls â neprmhsl ta`ls `m uel sÿ vmz.
    Lssne tmhtl-sm oahomhtrlr a neplota hue ôhnoa `nl m `ncunr smu mgmnta
    mgmnta l plrtnr
    plrtnr `lå, oae l `nvucklëïa
    `nvucklëïa smqumhonlc `m hatåonls qum
    eastrme oaea l sntulëïa mstì smh`a oahtarhl`l, krlëls â nhnonltnvl `l prÿprnl meprmsl. Dì oae ls nhgarelëýms pasntnvls,
    `asì-cls î uel garel `m `lr gltas havas â eå`nl `nlrnlemhtm.
    Oahvaol`l plrl ltulr mhqulhta `urlr l memrkähonl, l garël-tlrmgl `mvm smr oaepastl par mxmoutnvas m prmstl`arms
    pujcnon`l`m, lssmssarnls `m neprmhsl m mepr
    `m smrvnëas (nhocunh`a lkähonls `m pujcnon`l`m, meprmsl
    mslss `m oahsuctar
    oahsuctarnl),
    nl), nhtmkrlh`
    nhtmkrlh`aa ue
    oaentî `m ornsm qum sm eajncnzlrì plrl oahtltlr lutarn`l`ms m pôjcnoas rmclonahl`as, oaea4
    Rôjcn
    Rôjcnoa oa nhstntuon ahlc4 cn`mrl
    nhstntuonahlc4 cn`mrlhëls
    hëls cmknscltnvls
    cmknscltnvls (Oêelrl
    (Oêelrl m _mhl`a Gm`mrl Gm`mrlc,
    c, Oêelrl
    Oêelrl Euhnonpl
    Euhnonplcc m Lssmej
    Lssmejcmnl
    cmnl
    Cmknscltnvl
    Cmkns cltnvl),
    ), rmprmsmhtl
    rmprmsmhtlhtms
    htms `m enhnstîrnas m smormtlrnls `m kavmrha mhvacvn`ls, nhtmkrlhtms `a Du`nonìrna, mhtn`l`ms
    rmprmsmhtltnvls `m oclssm.
     

    Emrol`
    Emrol`a
    a gnh
    gnhlho
    lhomnr
    mnra4
    a4 lhlcn
    lhlcnstl
    stlss qum loaepl
    loaeplhfl
    hfle
    e a smta
    smtar,
    r, jlhoas
    jlhoas orm`
    orm`arm
    armss m/au plromnras, Oaenssïa `m Wlcarms
    Eajncnìrnas, Jacsl `m Wlcarms.
    en`ar gnhlc4 smrvnëas `m ltmh`n
    Oahsuen`ar
    Oahsu ltmh`nemhta
    emhta la oahsuen`ar
    oahsuen`ar,, olcolccc omht mr au autras
    omhtmr autras `mplrtlem
    `mplrtlemhtas
    htas snenclrm
    snenclrmss `l
    meprmsl.
    mepr msl. Rlrl
    Rlrl mssm
    mssm pôjcno
     pôjcnoa,
    a, î prmonsa mcljarlr
    mcljarlr a `nsoursa
    `nsoursa oclra
    oclra m `nrmta l smr trlhsentn`a
    trlhsentn`a l ta`as as usuìrnas au
    oahsuen`a
    oahs uen`armsrms qum mht
    mhtrlr
    rlrme
    me me oahtlt
    oahtltaa oae l mep meprms
    rmsl.
    l. @mvm-sm
    @mvm-sm lvllvlcnl
    cnlrr lnh`l
    lnh`l sm î a olsa olsa `m  pra
     pra`uz
    `uznr
    nr oleplhfl
     pujcnontìr
     pujcn ontìrnl
    nl au
    a u oaeuhnol
    oae uhnol`a`a plka
    p lka hl eå`nl sajrm as loahtmonemhtas, oae gaoa ha oahsuen`ar.
    @nstrnjun`arms4 a `nrmtar `m vmh`ls prmonsl glclr pmssalcemhtm oae ls krlh`ms rm`ms vlrmdnstls (sm gar meprmsl `m
     jmhs `m oahsuea)
    oahsu ea) au oae ls ol`mnls, ol`mn ls, pastas
    past as m rm`ms `m prmstlëïa
    prmst lëïa `m smrvnëa
    smrvnëass ah
    ah`m
    `m as pra`
    pra`uta
    utass sïa vmh`n`as
    vmh`n`as.. M
    guh`lemhtlc qum l mqunpm `m vmh`ls smdl eajncnzl`l plrl
    eajncnzl`l  plrl `mgmh`mr
    `mgm h`mr l meprms
    me prmsll dduhta
    uhta las ocnmhtms
    ocnm htms..
    Mhtn`l`ms rmkucltÿrnls, `m gnsolcnzlëïa m snh`noltas `as trl jlcfl `arms4 ÿrkïas `m `mgmsl `a oahsuen`ar,
    jlcfl`arms4
    lkähonls rmkucl`arls, AHK_, snh`noltas m mhtn`l`ms lgnhs, l smrme ljar`l`as pmca `nrmtar `m Zmclëýms Rôjcnols m Zmoursas
    Fuelhas (ZNN ).
    noa nhtmrha4 l ìrml `m ZF  `mvm smr eajnc
    Rôjcnoa
    Rôjc eajncnzl`l
    nzl`l  plrl rmtrlhs
    rmtrlhsentnr
    entnr a pasnonahlemhta agnonlc `l meprmsl plrl
    meprmsl  plrl
    ta`as as guhonahìrnas. ]e pôjc
    ]e  pôjcnoa noa nhtm
    nhtmrha
    rha lcnhfl`a
    lcnh fl`a m eatnvl`a l `mgmh`mr l oarparlëïa î neprmsonh`åv
    neprmsonh`åvmc mc plrl
     plrl a suomssa
    suo mssa
    `mssls lëýms.
    mhsl44 L lssmssarnl `m neprmhsl `mvm uhngnolr as `nsoursas nhtmrhas (qum `nsoursa smrì mstljmcmon`a plrl qulns
    Neprmhsl
    Nepr
    tnpas `m pôjcnoas), mcljarlr m mxmoumxmoutlr
    tlr mspmongnolem
    mspmongnolemhtmhtm l mstrltîknl
    mstrltîknl oae l eå`nl. Mssl mstrltîknl `mvm nhocunr oahtltas oae
    as rmp
    rmpÿrt
    ÿrtmrm
    mrms,
    s, m`n
    m`ntar
    tarms,
    ms, `nrmtarms
    `nrmtarms `m rm`lëïa,
    rm`lëïa, oacu
    oacuhnst
    hnstls
    ls m tlejî
    tlejîe e oae as praprnmtì
    praprnmtìrnas
    rnas `as vmåo
    vmåoucas
    ucas,, qulh
    qulh`a`a ns
    nssa
    sa gar 
     passåvmc, par emna `m vnsntlvnsntlss `a  prmsn`mhtm `l meprmsl âs rm`l rm`lëým
    ëýmss  plrl mxpc
    mxpcnolr
    nolr pmssalc
    pmssalcemht
    emhtmm ls onrouhstê
    onrouhstêhonl
    honlss qum
    mhvacvme a lssuhta.

    O AE]HNOLËÏA 
    AE]HNOLËÏA  NHPMKZL@L

    Gan tlejîe `urlhtm ue kmrmhonlemhta `m ornsm qum pu`m vnsulcnzlr


    vnsulcnzlr hl prìtnol uel oaeuhnolëïa nhtmkrl`l oae a
    oahduhta `m pôjcnoas. Me `mtmrenhl`as olsas, î prmonsa `nlcaklr oae ta`as mcms, la ems ea tmepa. Wnvn mssl
    mssl urkähonl
    urkähonl
    qulh`a l Eìqunhl `l Hatåonl gan oflel`l l mxmoutlr l wlr raae qum `mvmrnl oah`uznr â lpravlëïa `l LeJmv
     

     pmc
     pmcaa Oah
    Oahsmc
    smcfa
    fa L`e
    L`enhn
    nhnstr
    strltn
    ltnva
    va `m @mg
    @mgmsl
    msl Moa
    Moahÿe
    hÿenol
    nol (Ol
    (Ol`m)
    `m),, ÿrkïa
    ÿrkïa cnkl`a la Enhnstîrna
    Enhnstîrna `l Dus
    Dustnël
    tnël plrl  ducklr 
    lqunsnëïa,
     praomssas `m gusïa m lqunsnëï a, mhtrm
    mht rm autrls
    autr ls guhëýms.
    guhëý ms.
    L `nrmëïa `l meprmsl arnknhìrnl `l uhnïa mhtrm Jrlfel m Lhtìrotnol  dì tnhfl l mstrltîknl eahtl`l. ]el oaepcmxl
    rm`m
    rm`m `m oaoaeu
    euhno
    hnolë
    lëïa
    ïa oa
    oaee kakavm
    vmrhrha,
    a, nep
    neprm
    rmhs
    hsl,
    l, oahs
    oahsuen`
    uen`ar,
    ar, `ns
    `nstrnj
    trnjun`a
    un`arms
    rms m autr
    autras
    as pôjc
    pôjcnoas
    noas mst
    mstlvl
    lvl `mv
    `mvn`le
    n`lemhtmhtmm
    `msmhfl`l.
    A `mslgna mrl oclra4 flvnl ta`ls ls rlzýms passåvmns plrl qum a Ol`m `mssm a "sne" la hmkÿona, els l LeJmv hïa
    oahsmkunl sm glzmr auvnr m plsslvl krlh`m plrt
    krlh`m  plrtmm `a tme
    tmepa
    pa rmspa
    r mspah`mh
    h`mh`a
    `a la
    l a tnrat
    tn ratmna
    mna `l oahoarrähonl. Påhfleas lpmhls ue

    eäs mmemna plrl
    autra emna  plrl lepcng
    `m elhmnrllepcngnolr
    nolr as lrkuemh
    mxtrmelemhtm tasuel
    ìknc, gan `l meprmsl. Prljlcflr
    `ls krlh`ms oaelprmh`n
    cnëýms qum a oahduhta
    oae l`mmxpmrnähonl
     pôjcnoas,
     pôjcn oas, sme `msvlcarn
    `msvlc arnzlr
    hl LeJmv. zlr ue au

    A MHWACWNEMHPA @A OMA
    Ltî qum pahta a prmsn`mhtm au OMA (Ofnmg Mxmoutnvm Agnomr) `l meprmsl
    meprmsl `mvm lplrmomr hl neprmhsl oaea partl-vaz
    ha pmråa`a me qum `urlr mssl sntulëïa1 Hïa fì uel rmkrl `mgnhn`l plrl nssa.
    Mssll `mo
    Mss `monsï
    nsïaa `mp
    `mpmh`
    mh`mm `l oucturl
    oucturl m `a  pmrgnc
     pmr gnc `l mep
    meprmsl
    rmsl m, lnh
    lnh`l,
    `l, `ls prapa
    praparëýms
    rëýms `l ornsm. Me `mtmre
    `mtmrenhl`as
    nhl`as
    eaemht
    eae mhtas,
    as, a OMA prmonsl
    prmonsl `lr nh`å
    nh`åonas
    onas pmssalcemh
    pmssalcemhtm tm plr
    plrll a emro
    emrol`a
    l`a `m qum l meprmsl
    meprmsl tme kms kmstïa
    tïa,, qum hïa
    hïa sagrm
    "sacuëïa
    "sacuë ïa `m oahtnhun`l`m" m qum ls `ngnouc`l`ms mstïa smh`a oahtarhl`ls `mhtra `a emcfar qum pa`mrnl pa`mrnl smr gmnta. Me
    autrls aolsnýms ue partl-vaz
    partl- vaz mspmoågnoa pa`m lssuenr l guhëïa.
    Dì hl ìrml
    ìrml pôjcnol
     pôjcnol,, a partl-
    partl-vaz
    vaz ha lukm `m uel ornsm oastu
    oastuel
    el smr a rmprmsm
    rmprmsmhtlhtm
    htlhtm tntuclr `m `mtmrenhl`a ÿrkïa `m
    kavmrha. Hmssm
    kavmrha.  Hmssm olsa, l `monsïa tme ue gartm oaepahmhtm pacåtnoa m mstì rmclonahl`l oae l pcltlgarel rmprmsmhtl`l pmcl
    rmprmsmhtl`l  pmcl
    lut
    lutarn
    arn`l`
    `l`m.m. A mx-
    mx-prm
    prmgmn
    gmnta
    ta `m  Havl ^a^ari
    ri,, Zu
    Zu`a
    `acp
    cpff Knu
    Knucnl
    cnlhn,
    hn, tmv
    tmvm ue
    uell lt
    ltul
    ulëï
    ëïaa mxme
    mxmepcpclr
    lr ha mpn
    mpnsÿ`
    sÿ`na
    na `as ltlqums
    tmrrarnstls me << `m smtmejra `m :22<.
    Zu`y, oaea gnoau oahfmon`a, smeprm tmvm ue rmclonahlemhta mstrmnta oae l neprmhsl. ]e `as oaepraenssas
    gnxas me sul lkmh`l
    lkmh`l `m prmgm
    prmgmnta
    nta mrl
    mrl a olgî
    olgî `l elhfï
    elhfï qum taelvl oae as darhl
    darhlcnstl
    cnstls,
    s, qulh`a
    qulh`a mxpu
    mxpuhfl
    hfl ls  prnhonplns
    em`n`ls `l prmgmnturl hlqumcm `nl. _meprm sm
     

     pasnonahau
     pasnonah au oaea ue ue I`mr ahnprmsmhtm hl on`l`m. @nlhtm `as ltlqums la [arc` Prl`m Omhtmr, taeau l `nlhtmnrl
     plrl prms
    prmstlr
    tlr msoc
    msoclrmo
    lrmonemhta
    nemhtass â eå`
    eå`nl
    nl saj
    sajrm
    rm a nepl
    neplota
    ota `a `msl
    `mslstrm
    strm m saj
    sajrm
    rm ls em`
    em`n`l
    n`lss `m smkurlhël tael`ls pmcl
     prmgm
     prm gmntu
    nturl.
    rl. _ul nelkme has darhlns qum onrouclrle has `nls pastmrnarms â qum`l `ls tarrms kîemls mrl l `m ue prmgmnta
    ltulhtmm m sacn`ìrna.
    ltulht sacn`ìrna. Zu`y gnoau plrl
    plrl l fnstÿrnl oaea
    oaea ue `as faemhs
    faemhs pôjcnoas
    pô jcnoas elns hatìvmns
    h atìvmns `as Mstl`as
    Mstl `as ]hn`as. Hïa î
    â tal qum
    q um fadm passun uel meprmsl `m oahsuctarnl qum, mhtrm autras smrvnëas, ltul lt ul oae l`enhnstrlëïa
    l`enhnstrlëïa `m ornsms.
    ornsms.
    Dì ha olsa `l Pmcmgÿhnol,
    Pmcmgÿhnol, qum pu`m
    pu`m vnvmhonlr,
    vnvmhonlr, mhvacvmr
    mhvacvmr as prnhonpln
    prnhonplnss mxmoutnvas `l meprmsl mrl guh`lemhtlc plrl
    qum mstl rmoupmrlssm l orm`njncn`l`m duhta â neprmhsl, la oahsuen`ar, la kavmrha m las `melns pô `melns pôjc
    jcno
    noas
    as mhvacvn`as. L
    mstrltîknl `mu omrta. Els vlcm rmsslctlr4 nssa hïa vlcm oaea rmkrl.

    GAZPLCMOMH@A L OZM@NJNCN@L@M
    A tî
    tîre
    renh
    nhaa `l or
    orns
    nsmm `m
    `mvm
    vm elrolr
    elrolr a nh
    nhåo
    åona
    na `m em`n`l
    em`n`lss `m eî
    eî`n
    `naa m ca
    cahk
    hkaa prlz
    prlzas
    as hl ìrml `m rmclëýms pôjcnols
    (prakrlels `m rmspahsljncn`l`m saonlc, lëýms `m on`l`lhnl oae l oaeuhn`l`m m autrls). @mvme mstlr vactl`ls plrl
    gartlcmomr l orm`njncn`l`m `l meprmsl, `m ea`a l oahtrnjunr plrl qum l emeÿrnl `as `l`as hmkltnvas smdl, las pauoas,
    sujstntuå`l par uel pmrompëïa pasntnvl. L mssls lëýms `mvmrïa smr lormson`ls autrls qum `äme sustmhtlëïa â nelkme m
    gartlcmële
    gartlcmële l meprmsl plrl mhgrmhtlr sntulëýms l`vmrsls, me qulnsqumr onrouhstêhonls.
    Lnh`l qum a rmclonahlemhta `a lssmssarl`a oae l eå`nl hïa tmhfl sn`a `as emcfarms `urlhtm l ornsm, rlhoarms
    `mvme smr sujstntuå`as par em`n`ls plrl rmoahstrunr uel plromrnl sÿcn`l oae as darhlcnstls.

    RMZ_AHLCN@L@M_
    _ntulëýms `m ornsm qum mhvacvme pmssals gåsnols au pmrsahlcn`l`ms sïa eunta plrtnouclrms m `mvme smr mxlenhl`ls
    olsa l olsa. Oaea rmkrl, `mvm-sm lglstlr a pnvð `a msoêh`lca `a oahtlta `nrmta oae l neprmhsl,
    neprmhsl, `mnxlh`a l guhëïa l
    olrka `m lckue lenka, l`vakl`a au plrmh
    au plrmhtm
    tm arnmhtl`a par uel lssmssarnl `m neprmhsl. L em`n`l vnsl vnsl pratmk
     pratmkmr
    mr l
     pmssall m paupì-
     pmssa  paupì-cl
    cl `m mhgrmhtlemhtas `msklstlhtms, qum pa`mrn
    qum pa`mrnle
    le luemhtlr lnh`l elns smu `rlel
    `rlel pmssa
     pmssalc.
    lc.
     

    @m
    @mvm
    vm smr eas
    eastrl`
    trl`aa las
    las darhlcn
     darhlcnstls
    stls a ousta pmssalc
    pmssalc `mssl mxpasnëïa,
    mxpasnëïa, tmhtlh`a-sm
    tmhtlh`a-sm ajtmr
    ajtmr ue loar`a plrl
    loar`a  plrl qum sÿ smdle
    hatnonl`a
    hatno gltas havas me rmclëïa la mpnsÿ`na
    nl`ass gltas mpnsÿ`na.. Hms
    Hmssm
    sm olsa, a partl-vaz `l gleåcnl mhvacvn`l gnol
    gnol mholrrmkl`a `m lvnslr â
    neprmhsl qulh`a fauvmr elns nhgarelëýms.

    OAH_]CPAZNL @M ZN_OA Â NELKME


    Fadm ls lkähonls `m rmclëýms pôjcnols m `m lssmssarnl `m neprmhsl nhocume, mhtrm as smrvnëas, a `m oahsuctarnl `m rnsoa
    â nelkme,sneuclr
     passåvmc me qum`mtmrenhl`ls
    sïa `mtmotl`ls sntulëýmsms
    sntulëýms, qum
    mstnp lprmsmhtle
    tnpucl
    uclh`a
    h`a ue oa rnsoa
    oaen tî mcmvl`a
    entî rnsoaa`m`moluslr
    `m rnso ornsmm `lhas
    orns `mht
    `m raâ `l
    htra meprmsl. Hmssm
    meprmsl qum,trljlcfa,
    trmnhl`aî
     prmvnlemht
     prmvn lemhtm,
    m, sljmrì oaea praom`mr me sntulëýms memrkmhonlns.
    Î nepartlhtm, hmssls onrouhstêhonls, qum as mhvacvn`as mstmdle lcnhfl`as plrl
    lcnhfl`as plrl elhtmr uel sntulëïa `m harelcn`l`m hl
    meprmsl‐ `mhtra,
    `mhtra, oclra, `as cnentms `m ol`l ornsm. L lssmssarnl `mvm
    `mvm plrtnonplr
     plrtnonplr `mssm msgarëa m hïa sm cnentlr la prajcmel me
    qumstï
    qum a. L mep
    stïa. meprms
    rmsll hïa pa`m plrlr plrl rmsa rmsacvm
    cvmrr l orn
    ornsm.
    sm. @a oa oahtr
    htrìrn
    ìrna,
    a, las  prmduåzas `m nelkme sm saele autras
    `moarrmhtms `mssl plrlcnsnl, oaea a lvlhëa `l oahoarrähonl. A lssmssarl`a prmonsl sm smhtnr smkura `m qum l sntulëïa mstì
    smh`a l`enhnstrl`l par
    l`enhnstrl`l  par pragn
     pragnssnahlns
    ssnahlns olplontl`as
    olplontl `as qum
    qu m sljme a qum glzmr.
     

    JNJCNAKZLGNL

    PAZ\]LPA, Klu`ähona. Prltl`a `m oaeuhnolëïa arklhnzlonahlc m Wacåtnol. _ïa Rluca4 Rnahmnrl Pfaesah Cmlenhk, :22:.
    A lut
    lutar,
    ar, ue `as prnhonpl
    prnhonplns
    ns mstu`n
    mstu`nasas
    asas jrlsncm
    jrlsncmnra
    nrass `l ìrml, rmôhm hmssm cnvra ue plharlel `l pmsqunsl
    pmsqunsl m `l prìtnol `l oaeuhnolëïa
    arklhnzlonahlc
    arklhnzl onahlc ha Jrlsnc.
    Jrlsnc. Fejarl
    Fejarl lprmsmhtm
    lprmsmhtm vìrnas oahomntas mhoahtrl`as
    mhoahtrl`as hls prnhonplns
    prnhonplns ajrls lol`îenols
    lol`îenols `mssm olepa, Parqulta gakm `a
    "tmarnonsea" m nh`nol tlejîe oaea glzmr ue jae trljlcfa `m oaeuhnolëïa tlhta me arklhnzlëýms pôjcnols qulhta prnvl`ls. A tmxta î rmofml`a `m
    mxmepcas fnstÿrnoas nhtmrmsslhtms.
    nhtmrmsslhtms. Ha olpåtuca
    olpåtuca sajrm lssmssarnl
    lssmssarnl `m neprmhsl,
    neprmhsl, ljar`l qumstýms oaea l îtno
    îtnoll `a  pra
     pragnss
    gnssnahlc
    nahlc m ls `ngmrmhëls
    `ngmrmhëls hl
    ltnvn`l`m plrl meprmsls m plrl kavmrhas.

    J]MHA, [ncsah `l Oastl. Oaeuhnolëïa meprmslrnlc4 tmarnl m pmsqunsl. Jlrumrn4 Elhacm, :22?.
    A emcfar `mssm cnvra sïa as olsms nhtmrms
    nhtmrmsslhtms
    slhtms lpahtl`as pmca lutar sajrm lckuhs trljlcfas `m oaeuhnol
    oaeuhnolëïa
    ëïa meprmslrnlc ha Jrlsnc.
    Jrlsnc. Jumha
    eastrl lckuhs mxmepcas `mslstrl`as `m eu`lhël `m elrol, `meahstrl ue enhuonasenhuonasaa trljlcfa `m lu`ntarnl `m nelkme o rmcltl, mhtrm autrls fnstÿrnls,
    ue olsa `m kmstïa `m ornsm. A "klhofa" prnhonplc `l ajrl î `meahstrlr oaea l ìrml sm trlhsgareau has ôctneas lhas, `mpans `m plsslr par
    plsslr  par ue
    ue jru
     jrutlc
    tlc
     praomss
     praomssaa `m ea`mr
    ea`mrhnz
    hnzlëïa.
    lëïa. Rartl
    Rartlhta,
    hta, trltl-
    trltl-sm
    sm `m uel
    uel cmnturl
    cmnturl jlstl
    jlstlhtm ltulc. Rlrl as havltas, vlcme l pmhl a kunl jnjcnakrìgnoa m ue ratmnra `m  sntm
    htm ltulc.  sntmss

    sajrm a tmel.
    _NEÝM_, Zajmrta Rarta. Zmc  Zmclë
    lëým
    ýmss pôj
    pôjcno ls44 guhëïa pacåtnol. =." m`nëïa. _ïa Rluca4 _ueeus, <>>=.
    cnols
    Mstl î uel ajrl `mhsl, `mhsl, oae oahomntas
    oahomntas tmÿrnoas jlstlhtm guh`lemhtl`as
    guh`lemhtl`as.. _neýms
    _neýms lprmsmhtl
    lprmsmhtl hmssm
    hmssm cnvr
    cnvraa a rmsuctl`
    rmsuctl`aa `m uel pmsqunsl
    pmsqunsl
     jnjcnakr
     jnjcnakrìgnol
    ìgnol plrl mxpc
    mxpcnol
    nolrr l arnk
    arnkme
    me `l
    `l lt
    ltnvn
    nvn`l`
    `l`mm `m rmclëý
    rmclëýms
    ms pôjc
    pôjcnol
    nols,
    s, a lro
    lrolja
    ljauëa
    uëa lol
    lol`îe
    `îenoa
    noa qum l sustm
    sustmht
    htl,
    l, ssmus
    mus prnhon
    prnhonpln
    plnss ajd
    ajdmta
    mtass m oah
    oahoc
    ocun
    un ooae
    ae uel
    uel
    mxtmhsl cnstl `m nhstruemh-
     

    tas utncnzl`as
    utncnzl`as hmssl pragns
    pragnssïa,
    sïa, ol`l
    ol`l ue oae smu
    smu usa `mvn`lemh
    `mvn`lemhtm
    tm oahtmxtulc
    oahtmxtulcnzl`a.
    nzl`a. A nhtmrmsslh
    nh tmrmsslhtm
    tm î vmr ooaea
    aea sm
    s m sustmhtl,
    sust mhtl, ha lrkuemht
    l rkuemhtaa `a lutar,
    l `mgmsl `l nepartêhonl mstrltîknol `ls rmclëýms pôjcnols hls arklhnzlëýms.

    JO]H_OF, Elrklrn`l Elrnl Irafcnhk. Rcl


     Rclhmd
    hmdlemh
    lemhta
    ta `
    `mm rmclë
    rmclëýms
    ýms pôjcnol oaeuhnolëïa nhtmkrl`l. 0." m`. _ïa Rluca4 _utheus, :22?.
    pôjcnolss hl oaeu
    A cnvra î ue oaepncl`a nhtmrmsslhtm `m tmarnl hl oaeuhnolëïa arklhnzlonahlc, L tÿhnol qum pmrplssl vìrnas olpåtucas î l `l hmomssìrnl
    nhtmkrlëïa mhtrm ls ltnvn`l`ms `m oaeuhnolëïa qum, hl apnhnïa `l lutarl, `mvme smr oaelh`l`ls par ue  pragnssnah  pragnssnahlc
    lc `m rmclëýms pôjcnols. As
    trmofas qum ljar`le a trljlcfa `m lssmssarnl `m neprmhsl, ha mhtlhta, sïa jlstlhtm ourtas m hïa ofmkle l `lr nh`nolëýms sajrm l prìtnol. L cmnturl,
    cmnturl,
    ha mhtlhta, î nh`nol`l plrl qume qunsmr loaeplhflr a plrl`
     plrl`nkel
    nkel `aenhlht
    `aenhlhtmm hl ltulcn`l`
    ltulcn`l`mm ha olepa `ls rmclëýms
    rmclëýms pôjcnols
    pôjcnols..

    EAZLM_, @ähns `m. Rar  Rar uel


    uel autr
    autrl
    l oaeu
    oaeuhnhnol
    olëïa4 eå`nl, euh`nlcnzlëïa oucturlc m pa`mr. Zna `m Dlhmnra4 Zmoar`, :22?.
    ëïa4
    Mssl oacmtêhml `m lrtnkas lprmsmhtl lckuhs `as prnhonplns pmhsl`arms `l oaeuhnolëïa m `l kcajlcnzlëïa has ôctneas tmepas. _ïa haems oaea
    @lvn` Flrvmy, Rnmrrm å xvy, Elhumc Olstmccs, M`klr Earnh, mhtrm autras. As jr
    As jrls
    lsnc
    ncmn
    mnra
    rass sï
    sïaa Euhn
    Euhnzz _a`rî, a arklhnzl`ar @mhns `m Earlms m a darhlcnstl Dasî
    Lrjmx Ur. A cmntar hïa vln mhoahtrlr hmssms tmxtas ue kunl `nrmoåahl`a sajrm lssmssarnl `m neprmhsl au oaeuhnolëïa meprmslrnlc. Els a qum nhtmrmssl lqun î
    oaea mstïa oahtmxtulcnzl`ls ls krlh`ms qumstýms qum rah`le l oahtmeparlhon`l`m, oaea a ormsonemhta `l nhtmrhmt o smus mgmntas m l oahgusïa mhtrm a
    caolc m a kcajlc me emna l tlhtas nhtmroêejnas mhtrm as plåsms. L smkuh`l plrtm `l oacmtêhml ljar`l l rmclëïa mhtrm eå`nl, pa`mr m oarparlëýms. M uel
    ajrl oråtnol m pahtul lckuhs mejltms oacaol`as oaea plha `m guh`a plrl as pragnssnahlns `m oaeuhnolëïa.

    RZNHKCM, Flensf9 PFAER_AH, Elrdarnm. El  Elrf


    rftnh
    tnhk
    k sa
    saonlc4 elrim
    onlc4 elrimtnhk
    tnhk plrl olusls saonlns m l oahstruëïa `ls elrols. Prl`uëïa `m Elrnl
    Côonl K. Zasl. _ïa Rluca4 Elirah Jaais, :222.
    Rradmtlr m cn`mrlr prakrlels `m rmspahsljncn`l`m saonlc pa`m ltî hïa smr uel guhëïa `nrmtl `a lssmssar `m neprmhsl. Els mcm `mvmrì tmr haëýms
    oclrls sajrm l nepartêhonl `m autrls lëýms plrl l nelkme `ls arklhnzlëýms. A cnvra oahtl mxl-tlemhtm oaea krlh`ms meprmsls sm pradmtlrle oae lëýms
    `m elrimtnhk saonlc, oaea Zmmjaoi, Lvah, Jrntnsf Lnrwlys, Wnsl, mhtrm autrls. Pa`as as mxmepcas `m suomssa lpahtl`as pmcas lutarms sïa nhtmrolcl`as
    oae nh`nolëýms sajrm l ähglsm rmoaemh`l`l plrl mssms pradmtas, l tmh`ähonl `ls nhnonltnvls elns ltulns, lckuhs mrras prnhonplns, lcîe `m jrmvåssnels
    mxpcnolëýms tmÿrnols.
     

    GZLHËL, Gìjna9 GZMNPL_, _n`nhînl Kaems. El  Elhu


    hulc
    lc `l qu
    qulc
    lcn`
    n`l`
    l`mm mme
    e pra
    pradm
    dmta
    tass `m oaeu
    oaeuhn
    hnol
    olëï a. _ïa Rluca4 Rnahmnrl, <>>;.
    ëïa.
    Pa`a lcuha `m oaeuhno
    oaeuhnolëïa `mvmrnl tmr mssm cnvta me eïas. As lutarms, rmo
    lëïa `mvmrnl rmoahf
    ahfmon
    mon`as
    `as pragmss
    pragmssarm
    armss `m oursas
    oursas `m Zmc
    Zmclëý
    lëýms
    ms Rôjcno
    Rôjcnols,
    ls,
     prmplr
     prmplrlrl
    lrle
    e ue oaepa
    oaepasta
    sta `m
    `m ta`as
    ta`as as rmqunsn
    rmqunsntas
    tas mxnkn
    mxnkn`as
    `as pplrl
    lrl uue
    e jae prad
    pradmta
    mta mxpmr
    mxpmrnemh
    nemhtlc
    tlc lnh`l
    lnh`l ha
    hass jlhoas
    jlhoas uhnv
    uhnvmrsn
    mrsntìrn
    tìrnas.
    as. A pradmta
    pradmta î l nhnonlë
    nhnonlëïa
    ïa
    `a mstu`lhtm hl vn`l pragnssnahlc. M a tmxta loaeplhfl m lpanl dustlemhtm mstl trlhsnëïa. As mhsnhlemhtas sajrm a trljlcfa lol`îenoa lpahtle plrl l
    mxomcähonl `m pradmtas `msmhvacvn`as plrl ls arklhnzlëýms. Rartlhta, î `m mxtrmel vlcnl plrl qume dì mstì hl cn`l `nìrnl `a agåona. Wìrnas trmofas
    rmgmrme-sm âs rmclëýms prÿprnls `m ue trljlcfa msoaclr. Els fì tlejîe uel nhtmrmsslhtm oahtmxtulcnzlëïa sajrm ls hmomssn`l`ms ltulns `ls
    arklhnzlëýms m ls emcfarms garels `m ljar`ì-cls me nhnonltnvls `m rmclëýms pôjcnols.

    CM_C^, Rfncnp. As guh`lemhtas `m Zmclëýms Rôjcnols m `l oaeuhnolëïa. Prl`uëïa `m Zakmr Olfmh. _ïa Rluca4 Rnahmnrl, <>>=.
    Cmscy î qulsm ue "plpl" `ls rmclëýms pôjcnols ha euh`a. Dì msormvmu cnvras qum sm tarhlrle kunls prìtnoas plrl a pragnssnahlc. M mstm î elns ue
    `mssms, msornta `m elhmnrl l qulsm agmrmomr ue pls
    ue  plssa
    sa l plssa plrl ltnvn`l`ms
    ltnvn`l`ms `m oaeuh
    oaeuhnolëïa
    nolëïa,, oaea prmvmhëïa
    prmvmhëïa m kmrmhonl
    kmrmhonlemht
    emhtaa `m ornsm. _ul tmsm
     prnhon
     prnhonplc
    plc î l `m qum
    qum olnu
    olnu par
     par tmrrl a oahomnta `m oaeuhnolëïa oaea trlhsenssïa
    trlhsenssïa `m `monsýms. Me smu cuklr,
    cuklr, prm
     prmvlc
    vlcmo
    momm l oahompëïa `m uel ltnvn`l`m
    rmspahsìvmc par glzmr oae qum ls oansls loahtmële `mhtra `m uel arklhnzlëïa, â em`n`l me qum ldustl m nhgcumhonl as `ngmrmhtms pôjcnoas plrl qum
    `mtmrenhl`ls em`n`ls smdle tael`ls. _ïa mspmonlcemhtm rnoas as lpäh`noms lprmsmhtl`as la gnhlc `a cnvra. Mhtrm mcms mhoahtrl-sm ue kunl `m gahtms m
    rmgmrähonls (`m ajrls jnjcnakrìgnols, `m meprmsls, lssaonlëýms mto) m ue mxtmhsa kcassìrna oae as prnhonplns tmreas tîohnoas `l prag
    `l pragnss
    nssïa.
    ïa. Prltl-s
    Prltl-smm
    `m ue cnvra plrl
    cnvra plrl elhtmr sajrm l emsl `m trljlcfa plrl smr oahsuctl`a l qulcqumr eaemhta.

    @NL_, Wmrl. Oaea vnrlr hatåonl m hïa sm lrrmpmh`mr ha `nl smkunhtm. Zna `m Dlhmnra4 Ajdmtnvl, <>>0.
    Gahtms `m nhgarelëïa qum lnh`l vnvme rmssljnl`ls oae l neprmhsl pa`me tmr hmssm cnvra lckuels arnmhtlëýms jìsnols plrl a oahtlta oae da
    oae darh
    rhlc
    lcns
    nstl
    tls.
    s.
    Lprmsmhtl uel cmnturl snepcms m, `m omrtl elhmnrl, trlz lpmhls a "j-l-jì" plrl uel mhtrmvnstl. Ä elns nh`nol`a plrl guturas mhtrmvnstl`as `a qum plrl
     pr
     prag
    agns
    nssn
    snah
    ahln
    lnss `l ìr
    ìrml
    ml `m
    `m oaeu
    oaeuhnhnolë
    olëïa
    ïa.. Lssm
    Lssmss
    ssar
    arms
    ms,, ha mh
    mhtl
    tlht
    hta,
    a, pa`
    pa`me
    me usì
    usì-c
    -caa eunt
    euntaa jme
    jme ha rm
    rmcl
    clon
    onah
    ahle
    lemhta
    mhta oae
    oae oc
    ocnm
    nmht
    htms
    ms,, ms
    mspm
    pmon
    onlc
    lcem
    emht
    htmm oae
    oae lqum
    lqumcms
    cms lnh`l
    lnh`l
    rmsnstmhtms l ljrnr ls partls plrl l eå`nl. Lcîe `a quä, euntas prmplrltnvas sukmrn`as pmcl lutarl plrl qum ls mh-
     

    trmvnstls smdle jme suom`n`ls loljle smh`a tael`as pmca lssmssar. Ha gnhlc, fì ue kcassìrna `m tmreas utncnzl`as, oae as prnhonplns dlrknnýms
     darhlcå
     darhlcåstn
    stnoas
    oas - l elna
    elnarnl
    rnl usl
    usl`l
    `l me rm`
    rm`lëï
    lëïa.
    a.

     HL__LZ,
     HL__L Z, Rluca.
    Rluca. Pu`a î oaeuhnolëïa. _ïa Rluca4 Clzucn M`ntarl, :22?.
    Me garelta `m jacsa, rmôhm uel sîrnm `m lrtnkas msorntas pmca lutar, ue `as elns nhgcumhtms `nrnkmhtms `l Ljmrdm. Oråtnoa `m meprmsls qum usle
     pacåtn
     pacåtnols
    ols `m oaeuhn
    oaeuhnolë
    olëïa
    ïa `msoae
    `msoaepra
    praens
    enssl`
    sl`ls
    ls oae a jme-m
    jme-mst
    stlr
    lr `m smus pôjcno
    pôjcnoas
    as (nhocu
    (nhocunh`
    nh`aa as guhonah
    guhonahìrna
    ìrnas),
    s), Hlsslr
    Hlsslr rmuhnu tmxtas ourtas.
    ourtas. Mcms sïa
    vmr`l`mnras puxýms `m armcfl has kmstarms `m oaeuhnolëïa m jltme hl tmocl `l hmomssìrnl nhtmkrlëïa nhtmkrlëïa oae ltnvn`l
    ltnvn`l`ms
    `ms `m rmoursas
    rmoursas fuelhas jme
    sustmhtl`ls. L cmnturl smrvm `m lcmrtl plrl ls mxnkähonls qum a euh`a oarparltnva
    oarparltnva nepým sajrm ls arklhnzlëýms
    arklhnzlëýms m smus rrmclona
    mclonahlemht
    hlemhtas.
    as.

    HAJCLP, Znolr`a. L lrtm


    lrtm `
    `mm glym
    glymrr ue ddar
    arhl
    hlcc `nìr
    `nìrna
    na.. _ïa Rluca4 Oahtmxta, :22?. ]e `as krlh`ms darhlcnstls jrlsncmnras `m hassas tmepas,
     Hajcltt `ì cnëýms
     Hajcl cnëýms plrl
    plrl havas
    havas pragn
    pragnssn
    ssnahln
    ahlns,
    s, `m elhm
    elhmnrl
    nrl jme fuearl`
    fuearl`ll m `n`ìtnol
    `n`ìtnol.. _
    _mu
    mu prnh
    prnhonp
    onplc
    lc eî
    eîrnt
    rntaa mstì
    mstì me lprmsm
    lprmsmhtl
    htlrr as
    as prnh
    prnhonp
    onplns
    lns `ncmel
    `ncmelss lltul
    tulns
    ns `a
     darhlc
     darhlcnse
    nseaa `m elhmnrl
    elhmnrl oråtn
    oråtnol
    ol m snepcm
    snepcms,
    s, sme smr sup
    supmrg
    mrgno
    nonlc
    nlc.. Rlrl
    Rlrl lssmss
    lssmssarm
    armss `m nep
    neprmh
    rmhsl,
    sl, mstm î ue cnvrcnvraa guh`
    guh`lemh
    lemhtlctlc plrl sm oahfmomr
    oahfmomr oaea
    guhonahle ls oansls "`a cl`a `m cì `a jlcoïa", au smdl, hls rm`lëýms. Î prmonasa, prnhonplcemht
    prnhonplcemhtm,m, a olpåtuca qum ljar`l oaea a Oarrmna JrlXncnmhsm,
     darhlc
     darhlc qu
    qumm Hajclt
    Hajclt `nrnkn
    `nrnknuu `urlhtm
    `urlhtm lhas,
    lhas, nepcmemhtau
    nepcmemhtau uel `ls elnarmselnarms rmgarels
    rmgarels m`ntarnl
    m`ntarnlns
    ns m krìgnols dì rmk
    rmknstrl
    nstrl`ls
    `ls mhtrm as vmåoucas
    vmåoucas jrlsncmn
    jrlsncmnras
    ras `m
    oaeuhnolëïa. Mssl î uel fnstÿrnl qum ta`a darhlcnstl `mvm oahfmomr.

    ZLEAHMP, Nkhìona. L ttnrl


    nrlhn
    hnl
    l nl oaeu
    oaeuhn
    hnol
    olëïa. =." m`nëïa. Rarta4 Olepa `ls Cmtrls, :22?.
    ëïa.
    Oahsn`mrl`a ue ocìssnoa, a cnvra
    cnvra msornta pmca `nrmtar `a darhlc  Cm Eah
    Eah`m
    `m c~)n
    c~)npf
    pfel
    eltn
    tnqu
    qumm ljar`l a pa`mr qum l oaeuhnolëïa lssuenu hl
    saonm`l`m oahtmeparêhml, sajrmpah`a-sm
    saonm`l`m sajrmpah`a-sm â pacåtnol m sÿ pmr`mh`a cuklr plrl a plpmc qum l moahaenl plssau l mxmromr ha euh`a ltulc. L lhìcnsm `a lutar 
    oaejnhl mxmepcas prìtnoas `m oajmrturls darhlcåstnols me vìrnas plåsms oae l lvlcnlëïa gmntl par krlh`ms pmhsl`arms `ls onähonls fuelhls. Zleahmt
    eastrl oaea l eå`nl knrl me tarha `m sn emsel, hue enemtnsea qum prnvncmknl a mspmtìouca m `mnxl `m cl`a a rnkar `l nhgarelëïa mxltl. Rlrl mcm, la
    emsea tmepa me qum l eå`nl plssau l smr a rmgmrmhonlc `m vmr`l`m plrl ls pmssals, tlejîe oaemëau l smr acfl`l oae `msoahgnlhël pmca pôjcnoa.
     

     HL__NG
     HL_ _NG,, Cuås. A darhlcnsea `as lhas >2. _ïa Rluca4 Guturl, :22?.
    Mssm nepa
    Mssm nepartlh
    rtlhtm
    tm oacuhnst
    oacuhnstll m lprm
    lprmsmht
    smhtl`ar
    l`ar `l eå`n
    eå`nll  jrls
     jrlsncmnr
    ncmnrll eastrl,
    eastrl, oae mxtr
    mxtrmel
    mel cuon
    cuon`mz,
    `mz, as krlh
    krlh`m
    `mss msoêh`l
    msoêh`lcas
    cas oajmrta
    oajmrtass par hassl
    neprmhsl hl ôctnel `îol`l. Prltl `m ljusas oaemtn`as par darhlcnstls, qum cmvlrle l vmr`l`mnras "cnhoflemhtas" pôjcnoas `m pmssals m nhstntunëýms.
    Me lckuhs `mcms, oaea ha mpnsÿ`na `l Msoacl Jlsm, me _ïa Rluca, Hlssng oahtl sul mxpmrnähonl pmssalc hl tmhtltnvl `m rmvmrtmr a hatnonìrna `m mhtïa
    m oflelr l ltmhëïa plrl as mrras oaemtn`as "me sîrnm" par vìrnas vmåoucas `m oaeuhnolëïa, qum hl îpaol gmoflvle acfas m auvn`as plrl l vmrsïa `as
    lousl`as. Lcîe `m rmcltlr
    rmcltlr `mtlcfl`lemhtm
    `mtlcfl`lemhtm vìrnas autras mxmepcas
    mx mepcas hmssl emsel cnhfl, a lutar lprmsmhtl uel nhtmrmsslhtm lhìcnsm `m oaea l nhgarelëïa
     plssau
     plssau l smr trltl`l oaea pra
    oaea pra`ut`utaa au emro
    emrol`a
    l`arnl
    rnl pmcl
    pmcl neprmhsl
    neprmhsl jrl
     jrlsnc
    sncmnr
    mnrll la cah
    cahka
    ka `as lhas, m as `ngmrmhtms mhgaqums lssuen`as `ms`m l `îol`l `m
    <>=2.

    ZA_L, Eìrna. L mrl


    mrl `a
    `a msoê
    msoêh`lca. Cnëýms, rmcltas m jlst
    h`lca.  jlstn`ar
    n`arms
    ms `m
    `m qume
    qume vnvmu
    vnvmu llss krlh`ms ornsms `m nelkme. _ïa Rluca4 Kmrlëïa M`ntarnlc,
    :22?.
    Lcîe `m ue oahduhta `m `mz lrtnkas sajrm l l`enhnstrlëïa
    l`enhnstrlëïa `m krlh`ms ornsms `m nelkme `m pmss`m pmssals
    als m nhstntunëýms, a cnvra î uel lhìcnsm
    `mtlcfl`l sajrm oaea, `m ue cl`a, l eå`nl oajrm tlns sntulëýms m, `m autra, as lssmssarms `m oaeuhnolëïa ls l`enhnstrle. Î cmnturl ajrnkltÿrnl plrl
    pragnssnahlc qum mhtrl ha rlea `l oaeuhnolëïa nhstntuonahlc. A elns nhtmrmsslhtm `a cnvra î l vlrnm`l`m `m tmels m `m lutarms qum
    qulcqumr davme pragnssnahlc
    lssnhle as lrtnkas4 pragnssnahlns
    pragnssnahlns cnjmrlns oaea eî`noas m l`vakl`as, pmrsahlcn
    pmrsahlcn`l`m
    `l`m lrtåstnol, pacåtnoa o mxmoutnvas.

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