Tạp chí Khoa học Đại học An Giang, Tập , Số , năm, tr-tr

ĐÁNH GIÁ LỢI ÍCH CỦA TRÁI KHỔ QUA VÀ CÁC SẢN PHẨM KHỔ QUA ĐỐI
VỚI BỆNH ĐÁI THÁO ĐƯỜNG TYPE 2

Nguyễn Thị Tường Vy, Nguyễn Thị Ngọc Nhi, Lê Thị Kim Cương
1
Bộ môn Công Nghệ Thực Phẩm, Trường Đại Học An Giang
2
Đại Học Quốc Gia Thành Phố Hồ Chí Minh

*Tác giả liên hệ: lnhiep@agu.edu.vn

Lịch sử bài báo
Ngày nhận: ../../20..; Ngày nhận chỉnh sửa: ../../20..; Ngày duyệt đăng: ../../20..
Tóm tắt
Bệnh đái tháo đường không phải là căn bệnh dẫn đến tử vong nhanh nhất, nhưng nó
âm thầm mang lại tác hại cho sức khỏe và những rắc rối trong cuộc sống hàng ngày cho bệnh
nhân. Thống kê cho thấy, Việt Nam là một trong những quốc gia châu Á có tỷ lệ bệnh nhân
đái tháo đường cao với 5,5% dân số trong độ tuổi 20-79. Khoảng 13,7% dân số mắc bệnh
tiền đái tháo đường. Nhiều người nghĩ rằng bệnh tiểu đường không thể chữa khỏi. Nhưng
theo nhiều nghiên cứu, chiết xuất khổ qua có thể giúp tăng tái tạo tế bào Beta trong tuyến tụy,
tiết ra insulin. Điều này có nghĩa là các tế bào Beta bị hư hỏng có thể được phục hồi với sự
chăm sóc và điều trị tốt. Hơn nữa, chiết xuất khổ qua có tác dụng tăng khả năng dung nạp
glucose (73%) ở bệnh nhân đái tháo đường loại 2, có tác dụng hạ đường huyết, chống ung
thư. Ngoài ra, y học cổ truyền còn nói rằng khổ qua rừng có vị đắng, lạnh.

Từ khóa: Đái Tháo Đường, Khổ Qua, Type 2.

EVALUATION OF THE BENEFITS OF CROSS-GAUGE FRUIT AND CROSS-

GAUGE PRODUCTS FOR TYPE 2 DIABETES

Nguyễn Thị Tường Vy, Nguyễn Thị Ngọc Nhi, Lê Thị Kim Cương
1
Department of Food Technology, An Giang University
2
Viet Nam National University Ho Chi Minh City

*Corresponding author: lnhiep@agu.edu.vn

Article history
Received: ../../20..; Received in revised form: ../../20..; Accepted: ../../20..

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is not the disease that leads to death the fastest, but it silently brings
harm to health and troubles in everyday life to patients. Statistics show that Vietnam is one of
the Asian countries with a high rate of diabetes patients with 5.5% of the population aged 20-
79. About 13.7% of the population has pre-diabetic disease. Many people think that diabetes
cannot be cured. But according to many studies, the extract may help increase beta cell
regeneration in the pancreas, which secrete insulin. This means that damaged beta cells can
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be restored with good care and treatment. Moreover, the extract has the effect of increasing
glucose tolerance (73%) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, has hypoglycemic and anti-
cancer effects. In addition, traditional medicine says that suffering through the forest has a
bitter, cold taste.

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Bitter melon, Type 2 diabete.

1. ĐẶT VẤN ĐỀ

Bitter melon (Momordica charantia) is an alternative therapy mainly used to lower

blood sugar levels in patients with diabetes mellitus. Antiviral and anticancer activities have
also been reported in vitro. Four clinical trials showed that bitter melon juice, fruit and dried
powder had a moderate hypoglycemic effect. However, these studies were small and not
randomized or double-blind. Reported side effects of bitter melon include hypoglycemic coma
and seizures in children, decreased fertility in mice, favism-like syndrome, increased levels of
gamma-glutamyltransferase and alkaline phosphatase in animals, and headaches.

Type 2 diabetes (type 2 diabetes mellitus) is caused by the body's inability to use
insulin or insulin use is not as effective as normal people. Older adults are more likely to
develop type 2 diabetes, so many people also call it adult-onset diabetes or older adult
diabetes. The disease is increasingly rejuvenating, many children and adolescents suffer from
the disease, mainly due to overweight obesity, lazy exercise ... Type 2 diabetes accounts for
about 90% of diabetes cases

The incidence of type 2 diabetes has increased markedly since 1960 in tandem with
obesity. As of 2015, there were about 392 million people diagnosed with the disease
compared to about 30 million in 1985. Usually, this disease appears in middle age and older,
although the incidence of type 2 diabetes is on the rise in young people. The average survival
time of type 2 diabetics is about 10-20 years. Diabetes was one of the first diseases described
by the study. The importance of insulin in the disease was identified in the 1920s.

Most cases of diabetes involve multiple genes, with each gene making a small
contribution to increasing the likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes. If one of the twins has
diabetes, then the other has a greater risk of developing diabetes in his life cycle, while the
rate for siblings in a family is 25-50%. As of 2011, more than 36 genes have been found to
contribute to the risk of type 2 diabetes. All these genes together still make up only 10% of the
total genetic composition of this disease. For example, the TCF7L2 allele increases the risk of
developing diabetes by 1.5 times and is the greatest risk of common genetic variants. Most
diabetes-related genes are involved in the functions of beta cells.

There are rare cases of diabetes that arise due to an abnormality in a single gene
(called the monogenic form of diabetes or "other specific types of diabetes"). These include
maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY), Donohue syndrome, and Rabson-Mendenhall
syndrome, among others. Adult-onset diabetes accounts for 1–5% of all diabetes mellitus
cases in young adults.

Diabetes is an urgent public health issue. Along with the economic development and
improved people's lives, the proportion of diabetic patients in medical examination and
treatment facilities is increasing. Effective measures to reduce the progression and
complications of the disease, the least expensive cost of treatment is to detect and treat
patients in a timely manner.
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 Tạp chí Khoa học Đại học An Giang, Tập , Số , năm, tr-tr
2. PHƯƠNG PHÁP NGHIÊN CỨU
Documents used for the review were searched on Medline, PubMed, and Web of Science
databases in October 2022. In addition, manual scarching through the Google search portal is
also performed to search for "gray documents" or "unpublished documents" (Grcy litceature).
References cited in relevant reports are also considered and used accordingly. The search
language for this review is English with keywords: "Diabetes mellitus", "bitter melon", "type
2 diabetes", "insulin". This article has no restrictions on the publication time of the articles. In
addition, some selection and exclusion criteria are as follows:
- Selection criteria: includes only articles written about studies on the benefits of cross
gauge and pass-gauge products for type 2 diabetes mellitus

- Exclusion criteria: non-English articles as well as research on type1 diabetes mellitus

as well as gestational diabetes mellitus and animal studies. In addition, letters from
publishers or editorial board opinions are also excluded in addition to duplicate articles
during the search..

4750 articles found on electronic basis

- Medline (678 articles)
- Publine (3090 articles)
- Web of science (315 articles)
- Manual search (Google) (2 articles)

662 duplicate post

3760 The article reads the summary

1750 article disqualified
as irrelevant result

10 the article is read in full

17 The article is conducted an overview of

- 4 articles on gauge through
- 5 articles on type 2 diabetes mellitus
- 8 articles on gauge and type 2
diabetes mellitus

3. KẾT QUẢ NGHIÊN CỨU VÀ THẢO LUẬN

Momordica charantia (MC), known as bitter melon, has been reported to have
antiviral, antibacterial, anticancer and immune system regulating properties. It has been
widely used as a complementary or alternative therapy to treat diabetes mellitus in many
countries, including South Korea.
Experimental studies show that bitter melon has a hypoglycemic effect by stimulating
glucose uptake into skeletal muscle cells or increasing insulin secretion. in humans. Several
clinical studies have reported hypoglycemic efficacy of bitter melon in patients with type 2
diabetes mellitus who were not randomized, lacked appropriate controls, short durations, used
small sample sizes, and inconsistent findings. Furthermore, the widespread use of alternative
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and complementary medicines needs to be examined for hypoglycemic efficacy and the side
effects of bitter melon through human research. Therefore, double-blind placebo-controlled
randomized studies are needed to evaluate the hypoglycemic efficacy and safety of bitter
melon as an additional treatment in type 2 diabetics. For this purpose, we conducted research
to determine the anti-diabetic and lipid-lowering effects of bitter melon in type 2 diabetics.
Bitter melon had a modest hypoglycemic effect and significantly reduced
fructosamine levels compared to baseline in type 2 diabetics given 2000 mg/day. However,
the hypoglycemic effect of bitter melon is inferior to metformin 1000 mg/day.
This study is the first randomized controlled trial to compare the hypoglycemic effects of
dried bitter melon pulp with metformin. The results demonstrated a significant reduction in
fructosamine levels compared to baseline in type 2 diabetics receiving metformin and bitter
melon 2000 mg/day. However, there was no difference in the average reduction of
fructosamine between any dose of bitter melon and metformin. Unfortunately, the dose-
response relationship for bitterness the dried powder of bitter melon 2000 mg/day appears to
have a modest hypoglycemic effect based on a decrease in fructosamine levels. However, its
hypoglycemic effect is less than metformin 1000 mg/day.
According to many studies of scientists around the world, the fruit contains:
– Triterpenic glucosids: Charantin and a mixture of substances of the Stgmastadienol
group.
– Hypoglycemic substances: Pugazenthi – S – Murthy, extracted from 3 substances
named Kakara.
– Proteins: Scientists have found that in the fruit of Misery contains 1 number of
proteins that inhibit the growth of cells. – Lipids: Accounting for about 0.76% (by dry weight)
including nonpolar lipids, glucolipids and phospholipids.
– Lycopene: the amount of Lycopene increases with the ripeness of the fruit.
– Beneficial vitamins and minerals such as: Vitamin B1 0.8mg, Vitamin B2 0.2mg,
Vitamin PP 3.72mg, Vitamin E 18.7mg, β – carotenoid 0.56mg per 100g bitter melon. Trace
elements such as Mg, Ca, Cu, Fe, Zn.
– Some superlative Alcol and Aldehyl: Myrtenol, Hexanol, Benzylaleol ...
The hypoglycemic abilities found in bitter melon include: chanrantin, polypeptide-p
and vicine..., these compounds not only reduce blood sugar but also improve the tolerance of
glocozides and lower cholesterol. Through research, it has also been shown that bitter melon
has the effect of slowing retinal degeneration, a common complication of diabetes...
In addition, according to forest gauge research in China, Australia and Germany also
said that forest gauge contains 4 compounds. These compounds activate the enzyme that
transports glucose from the blood into cells. Thanks to these compounds, diabetes is
controlled. For Eastern medicine, forest bitter melon is considered a soldering, bitter, non-
toxic herbal medicine. In Oriental medicine, forest bitter melon has the effect of clearing heat,
detoxifying the body, except for sputum, laxative. Especially stabilize blood glucose at a safe
level. For Western medicine, forest bitter melon contains more Vitamin C than oranges,
lemons, tangerines ... This is a very important vitamin in improving the body's resistance..
Some products suffered for diabetes:
- Eat directly through life.
- Use the juice through the forest.
- Drink string tea or forest bitter melon tea.
- Prepare dishes with forest bitter melon such as stir-fried marinade with eggs, meat
stuffed marinade ...
Phân loại HA tâm thu HA tâm trương
(mmHg) (mmHg)
Tối ưu < 120 Và <80
Bình thường 120 - 129 Và/ hoặc 80 - 84
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 Tạp chí Khoa học Đại học An Giang, Tập , Số , năm, tr-tr
Bình thường cao 130 - 139 Và/ hoặc 85 - 89
Tăng HA độ I 140 - 159 Và/ hoặc 90 - 99
Tăng HA độ II 160 - 179 Và/ hoặc 100 - 109
Tăng HA độ III ≥ 180 Và/ hoặc ≥ 110
Tăng HA tâm thu đơn độc ≥ 140 Và < 90
Bảng 1: Phân loại huyết áp theo ESH/ESC 2007
Phân loại BMI (kg/m2
Gầy (Thiếu cân) < 18,5
Bình thường 18,5 - 22,9
Thừa cân 23 - 24,9
Béo phì ≥ 25,0
Bảng 2: Đánh giá BMI cho người châu Á - Thái Bình Dương
Mục tiêu kiểm soát HbA1C (%)
Tốt < 7,5
Chấp nhận được 7,5 - 8,5
Kém ≥ 8,5
Bảng 3: Mục tiêu kiểm soát Glucose máu của ADA 2014
Chỉ số Giá trị (mmol/l)
Cholesterol ≥ 5,2
Triglycerid ≥ 1,7
HDL-C < 1,02
LDL-C ≥ 2,6
Bảng 4: Mục tiêu kiểm soát lipid máu theo NCEP - ATP III
4. KẾT LUẬN VÀ KHUYẾN NGHỊ
Non-communicable chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes, are a major disease
pattern in developed countries. In the world, there are a number of studies on the prevalence of
type 2 diabetes in workers as well as in those who work shifts, overtime and the results show that
there is a relationship between occupational risk factors such as work shifts, overtime ... Studies
also show that this is an issue that needs to be further studied for this group of workers.
In Vietnam, there have been many epidemiological studies on the incidence and risk
factors of type 2 diabetes in the community, but there are still few studies related to the prevalence
of diabetes in workers. (Employees), especially in employees such as working shifts, overtime ...
This study has shown that the actual situation of impaired glucose tolerance and diabetes
has an occupational nature in the subjects working shift and overtime. With a sample size of 1755
subjects can represent a community of workers working shifts or overtime; make practical
contributions to ensuring health and improving working capacity for workers who work shifts and
overtime. Therefore, the study of this topic is current, necessary and of high practical significance.
According to famous domestic and foreign journals, including "Chemistry and Biology"
(published in 3/2008). It is said that suffering through forests has the ability to increase the
absorption of glucose by cells, while improving the body's glucose tolerance.
Or the foreign journal Journal of Ethnopharmacology says when taking about 2000mg of
gauge through the forest daily. There will be the potential to significantly reduce blood pressure
for people with type 2 diabetes.
Năm 2007, Bộ Y tế Philippines cho biết, nếu mỗi ngày dùng 100mg chất charantin trong
khổ qua. Sẽ bằng 2.5mg thuốc tiểu đường glibenclamide uống 2 lần/ngày.
There have been many studies on the use of forest gauge in the treatment of diabetes. And
has helped many healthy patients, find joy in life again. However, this is not a complete, definitive
cure for the disease. Which only works to control blood sugar in the body. Therefore, in the
process of using suffering through the forest, patients need to use the right dosage. It is best to
consult a doctor for good results.
Diabetes mellitus is tending to appear in young people. In previous years patients were
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usually in their 50s, now many patients are in their 30s-40s. To prevent diabetes, experts
recommend that people need to control blood pressure well; ensure a healthy diet: Eat less salt,
limit greasy foods, carbonated water, beer and alcohol stimulants; take time off from stress;
regular health check-ups so that if the disease is detected, it can be treated promptly. For patients
with diabetes mellitus, it is necessary to adhere to the 3rd set of treatments: Take the prescribed
medication, proper nutrition and proper exercise.

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TÀI LIỆU THAM KHẢO

(ELSEVIER 2013)

(K.S. 2012)

(nongnghieponline 2022)

(TU 03/11/2022)

(Chien 01/08/2020)

(ELSEVIER April 2013)

(reports 20 July 2020)

(Springer 18 November 2021)

(NOI 09-02-2022, VinMec 2019)

(Cambridge 28 December 2009 )