Turbines 1

Batonghinog, John Ryan T.

Engr. Abegail Joy España

BSME SEP-3A

March 20. 2023

Turbine

A turbine is a machine that uses kinetic energy from a fluid, such as water, steam, air, or

combustion gases, and converts it into rotating motion. To generate power, turbines either use

mechanical gearing or electromagnetic induction. The blades are rotated by the force of flowing

fluid. When paired with a generator, the mechanical (kinetic) energy that is captured through this

process can be transformed into electrical energy.

Parts of a Turbine

1. Rotor – It generates dynamic torque from the fluid.

2. Nacelle – It converts the torque into electrical power.

3. High-speed shaft – It drives the generator.

4. Hub - The rotor blades are then attached to the hub by any number of different methods.

5. Main shaft - The main shaft is a part that serves as a bearing, synchromesh, gear holding,

and other parts.

6. Gearbox - It will increase or lower the rotational speed of the output of the turbine

provided to the propeller or rotor.

7. Rotor Brake - A rotor brake prevents the motion of the blades in the event of power

transmission maintenance, and stops the turbine if there is a failure of the blade pitch

system.

8. Generator - It converts the mechanical (kinetic) energy of the rotor to electrical energy.
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9. Blades - A turbine blade is a radial aero foil positioned in the rim of a turbine disc that

generates a tangential force that rotates a turbine rotor. The blades of a turbine disc are

many.

Types of Turbines

There are four types of turbines, mainly:

1. Steam Turbine

A steam turbine is a mechanical device that converts pressured steam's thermal

energy into mechanical work. In essence, steam powers a steam turbine. Most of

the energy contained in the hot, gaseous steam is released as it expands and cools

as it passes by the rotating blades of the turbine. The blades are constantly being

spun by this steam. Hence, the blades largely transform the potential energy of the

steam into kinetic energy. The generator is then powered by the turbine to create

electricity.

2. Water or Hydro Turbines

Hydro turbines are machines that convert the energy from flowing water to a

spinning shaft to produce power. When water is applied to these turbines' blades,

they begin to revolve or spin. In the field of hydropower, which is the process of

producing power from water, these turbines are crucial.

3. Gas Turbines

A gas turbine is a type of turbine that spins by using pressurized gas to produce

kinetic energy or electricity. This kinetic energy powers a generator, which creates

the electrical energy that travels through power lines to residences and businesses.
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4. Wind Turbines

A wind turbine is a machine that uses the wind's kinetic energy to create electricity.

Wind turbines work by converting wind's kinetic energy into mechanical power,

which is then utilized to spin a generator to produce electricity. There are both on-

land and offshore wind turbines that can be used for these.

References

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Retrieved March 19, 2023, from https://www.techtarget.com/whatis/definition/turbine

Encyclopædia Britannica, inc. (n.d.). Major components of gas-turbine engines. Encyclopædia

Britannica. Retrieved March 19, 2023, from https://www.britannica.com/technology/gas-
turbine-engine/Major-components-of-gas-turbine-engines

Gas turbine. Gas turbine - Energy Education. (n.d.). Retrieved March 19, 2023, from
https://energyeducation.ca/encyclopedia/Gas_turbine

How a gas turbine works: GE Gas Power. gepower-v2. (n.d.). Retrieved March 19, 2023, from
https://www.ge.com/gas-power/resources/education/what-is-a-gas-turbine

Hydro Turbine. Hydro turbine - Energy Education. (n.d.). Retrieved March 19, 2023, from
https://energyeducation.ca/encyclopedia/Hydro_turbine

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https://energyeducation.ca/encyclopedia/Turbine

Turbinesinfo. (2019, February 24). What is a turbine? Turbines Info. Retrieved March 19, 2023,
from https://www.turbinesinfo.com/what-is-a-turbine/

Wind Turbine. Wind turbine - Energy Education. (n.d.). Retrieved March 19, 2023, from
https://energyeducation.ca/encyclopedia/Wind_turbine