A+ CHEMISTRY STD IX

STD 9 – FIRST BELL – CHEMISTRY – CLASS – 28

CHAPTER- 6
NON METALS

Situations Element

Balloons Hydrogen

Cylinder Oxygen

Tyres Nitrogen

Bleaching powder Chlorine

 Elements are divided into metals non- metals and metalloids. Eg:

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Metals Non-metals

Iron Oxygen

Aluminium Chlorine

Copper Nitrogen

Gold Argon

 Nitrogen is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere.

Important gases present atmospheric air

Compounds Percentage

Nitrogen 78.08

Oxygen 20.95

Argon 0.9

Carbon Dioxide 0.038

Others 0.032

Elements present in food materials

Food materials Elements

Carbohydrate Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

Fat Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen,

Nitrogen

Protein Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

 PVC: Carbon, Hydrogen, Chlorine.

 Polythene: Carbon, Hydrogen
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 Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen ,Nitrogen, Chlorine etc are non metals.
 Non- metals are of prime importance not only for life activities,but also in the
industrial field.
Hydrogen

 Hydrogen is the major component in the sun and stars.

 A very small quantity of hydrogen is seen in the atmosphere in free state.
 Hydrogen is present in large amounts in bio substances.
 Hydrogen compounds are H2SO4 , HCl, NaOH, KOH, H2O, HNO3 etc.

Preparation of Hydrogen

 Acids react with reactive metals to form Hydrogen gas.

Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2

Properties of Hydrogen

 Courless, odourless, tasteless gas.

 Less denser than air.
 Combustible gas that burns with a pop sound.

Displacement reaction/ Substitution reactions

 An element in a compound is displaced by another element called Displacement reaction or

Substitution reactions.

 Mg + 2 HCl→ MgCl2 + H2.

 2 NaBr + Cl2 → 2 NaCl + Br2

Some reactions of Hydrogen

1. Reaction between hydrogen and oxygen.

 Hydrogens burn in oxygen to form water.
 Exothermic reactions.

2 H2 + O2 2H2O + Heat

 The reaction in which two or more simple substances (elements/ Compound) combine to form a
compound is called Combination reaction.
CaO + H2O → Ca(OH)2

N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3

2. Reaction between hydrogen and chlorine

 Hydrogen combines with chlorine in the presence of sunlight to form Hydrogen chloride.
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 A+ CHEMISTRY STD IX

Sunlight
H2 + 2HCl 2 HCl

Uses of Hydrogen

 For the industrial production of ammonia and methanol.

 To saturate unsaturated oils.
 As a fuel.
 For the reduction of metallic ores.

HOME WORK

1. Classify the following reactions into combination reactions and Displacement reactions.
a) ZnSO4 + Mg → MgSO4 + Zn.
b) H2 + I2 → 2 HI.
c) CaO + H2O → Ca(OH)2
d) FeSO4 + Zn → ZnSO4 + Fe.
e) 2 Mg + O2 → 2MgO.
f) 2 KBr + Cl2 → 2KCl + Br2.

Prepared by:
Sakeena T
HST PS
Iringannur Hss Calicut
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