Problem 1

a)

second order modulator

Given
−1
⋅ −b 2⋅ d out1 + ⋅ Vin1 − b 1 ⋅ d out1 
( )
z 1
d out1 = VNQ1 +
−1  −1 
1−z  1−z 
2
VNQ1 + VNQ1⋅ z − 2⋅ VNQ1⋅ z + Vin1⋅ z
( )
Find d out1 →
2
z − 2 ⋅ z − b 2 + b 1⋅ z + b 2⋅ z + 1

considering b1=1 and b2=1

2 simplify 2
VNQ1 + VNQ1⋅ z − 2 ⋅ VNQ1⋅ z + Vin1⋅ z VNQ1 + VNQ1⋅ z − 2 ⋅ VNQ1⋅ z + Vin1⋅ z
substitute , b 1 = 1 →
2 2
z − 2 ⋅ z − b 2 + b1 ⋅ z + b2 ⋅ z + 1 substitute , b 2 = 1 z

2 simplify
VNQ1 + VNQ1⋅ z − 2 ⋅ VNQ1⋅ z + Vin1⋅ z ( z − 1)
2
NTF(z)
substitute , Vin1 = 0 →
2 2
z substitute , VNQ1 = 1 z

2 simplify
VNQ1 + VNQ1⋅ z − 2 ⋅ VNQ1⋅ z + Vin1⋅ z 1
substitute , Vin1 = 1 → STF(z)
2 z
z substitute , VNQ1 = 0
First order modulator

Given
 z− 1 
d out2 = VNQ2 +  ⋅ ( Vin2 − b3 ⋅ d out2)
 −1 
1 − z 

Vin2 − VNQ2 + VNQ2⋅ z

(
Find d out2 → ) b3 + z − 1

simplify
Vin2 − VNQ2 + VNQ2⋅ z substitute , Vin2 = 0 z−1 NTF(z)
→
b3 + z − 1 substitute , VNQ2 = 1 z

substitute , b 3 = 1

simplify
Vin2 − VNQ2 + VNQ2⋅ z substitute , Vin2 = 1 1 STF(z)
→
b3 + z − 1 substitute , VNQ2 = 0 z

substitute , b 3 = 1

b)

c)
Third order modulator

Given

( )
2
−1 −1
d out1 = Vin⋅ z + VNQ1⋅ 1 − z

d out2 = VNQ1⋅ z
−1
(
+ VNQ2⋅ 1 − z
−1
)
( ) ⋅dout2
2
−1 −1
d out = z ⋅ d out1 − 1 − z
 V 2 3 
 NQ2 + 3 ⋅ VNQ2⋅ z − VNQ2⋅ z − 3 ⋅ VNQ2⋅ z + Vin⋅ z 
 3 
 z 
 2 
Find( d out , d out1 , d out2) →  VNQ1 + VNQ1⋅ z − 2⋅ VNQ1⋅ z + Vin⋅ z 
 2 
 z 
 VNQ1 − VNQ2 + VNQ2⋅ z 
 
 z 

2 3 substitute , VNQ2 = 1
VNQ2 + 3 ⋅ VNQ2⋅ z − VNQ2⋅ z − 3 ⋅ VNQ2⋅ z + Vin⋅ z (z − 1)
3
→−
3 substitute , Vin = 0 3
z z

(1 − z− 1)
3
((1 − z ) )
3 3 3 1
−1 expand → − − +1
NTF( z) := 2 z 3
z z

d)

x
e series , 2 → 1 + x

( i⋅ 2⋅ π⋅ f ) assume , f > 0 3 3
3 3 f 8i⋅ π ⋅ f
NTF e → −8i⋅ π ⋅ f substitute , f = →−
series , f = 0 , 1 Fs 3
Fs

B
⌠ 2
 VLSB
2
 8i⋅ π3⋅ f 3  6 7
32⋅ π ⋅ B ⋅ VLSB
2
 ⋅ −  df assume , Fs > 0 →
 Fs⋅ 12  3  7
 Fs 21⋅ Fs
⌡  
−B

6 7 2 6 2
32⋅ π ⋅ B ⋅ VLSB π ⋅ VLSB
substitute , Fs = OSR⋅ 2⋅ B →
7 7
21⋅ Fs 84⋅ OSR

e)
VLSB := 1V SNR1 := 92 Vin := 0.5V Fs := 2MHz

− SNR1

20 −5
VNQf := 10 ⋅ Vin VNQf = 1.256 × 10 V

 1
 
 7
 π6⋅ V 2 
OSR := 
LSB  6 2
OSR = 35.606 π ⋅ VLSB −5
 ⋅ 2 = 1.256 × 10 V
 84 VNQf  7
84⋅ OSR
 Fs
B := B = 28.085⋅ kHz
2⋅ OSR

f)  − SNR2 
 
SNR2 := 90 −5 − 10 2
VNtotal_out := Vin⋅ 10
20  2
VNtotal_out = 1.581 × 10 V VNtotal_out = 2.5 × 10 V

2 2 −6 2 − 11 2
VNthermal_out := VNtotal_out − VNQf VNthermal_out = 9.605 × 10 V VNthermal_out = 9.226 × 10 V

Since the thermal noise at the output is filtered by the decimation filter, this means that the input referred noise
can be larger.

−5 2 −9 2
VNthermal_input := VNthermal_out⋅ OSR VNthermal_input = 5.732 × 10 V VNthermal_input = 3.285 × 10 V

g)
SNRout := SNR2 − 0.5
 − SNRout 
 
 20  −5
VNtotal_out := Vin⋅ 10 VNtotal_out = 1.675 × 10 V

2 2 2
VNQ2 := VNtotal_out − VNQf − VNthermal_out −6
VNQ2 = 5.523 × 10 V

 ( 2 ⋅ V ) 2
log
LSB 
 12⋅ V 2
n bits :=
 NQ2 
n bits = 16.674 nbits := 17
2⋅ log( 2 )

h)
( )
2
−1
NTF2 ( z) := 1 − z

( i⋅ 2⋅ π⋅ f ) assume , f > 0 2 2
2 2 f 4⋅ π ⋅ f
NTF2 e → −4 ⋅ π ⋅ f substitute , f = →−
series , f = 0 , 1 Fss 2
Fss
B1
⌠ 2
 VLSB2
2
 4⋅ π2⋅ f 2  4 5
8 ⋅ π ⋅ B1 ⋅ VLSB2
2
 ⋅ −  df assume , Fss > 0 →
 Fss⋅ 12  2  5
 Fss 15⋅ Fss
⌡  
− B1

4 5 2 4 2
8⋅ π ⋅ B1 ⋅ VLSB2 π ⋅ VLSB2
substitute , Fss = OSR2⋅ 2 ⋅ B1 →
5 5
15⋅ Fss 60⋅ OSR2

Since the quantizer has a resolution of 3 bits (2 more bits of resolution) this means that the new Vlsb is 2^(3-1) smaller

VLSB
VLSB2 := = 0.25 V
2 −5
2 VNQf = 1.256 × 10 V
 
  1
 
 5
 π4⋅ V 2 4
π ⋅ VLSB2
2
−5
OSR2 :=  
LSB2
OSR2 = 57.767 VNQf2 := VNQf2 = 1.256 × 10 V
 60 V 2  5
 ⋅ NQf  60⋅ OSR2

2 2 2 −5
VNQtotal := VNthermal_out + VNQ2 + VNQf2 VNQtotal = 1.675 × 10 V

 V 2  Fs
SNRout2 := 10⋅ log  = 89.5
in
B2 := B2 = 17.311⋅ kHz
 2 2 ⋅ OSR2
 VNQtotal 