- The temperature at Physical properties can

which a substance be used to classify

changes from a solid to objects
a liquid

1. Melting point
- High: Copper (Metal,
1084°C)
- Low: Polyethylene
(Plastic, about 120°C )
Solid => Liquid

- The temperature at
which a substance
changes from a liquid to
a gas
2. Boiling point

- High: Mercury (365°C)

Low: Alcohol (78°C)
Liquid => Gas

- Mass per unit volume

of a substance

3. Density

- High: Metals I. Physical properties of

- Low: Wood/ Plastic materials

- A material's ability to
support a heavy load
without breaking or
tearing
4. Strength

Helps to identify things

- Good: Iron
easily
- Poor: Glass

Instead of studying
- Material's ability to
individual things, we
withstand wear and
can study groups of
scratches Purpose of classification
things that share
similar characteristics
together
- Hardness of an object
can be compared using
a Moh's scale (1-10)
5. Hardness Allow a standard name
to be given to things.
A physical property is a
- A hard material can characteristic that can
scratch a soft material be observed or
A material is a
measured without
substance used to make
changing the
an object
- Good: Diamond
composition of the
- Poor: Chalk
object
Materials can be
classified into 5 groups
- A material's ability to
bend without breaking
and returning to it's
Source: Extracted from
original shape
6. Flexibility the ground

- Good: Rubber Metals

- Shiny
- Poor: Glass
- Good conductors of
heat and elec
Characteristics
- Malleable and ductile
- Material's ability to be
- Some corrode easily,
beaten into different
others don't.
shapes without
II. Classes of Materials
breaking (Usually to
describe metal) 7. Malleability
Source: Made from clay

- Good: Aluminium Ceramics - Non-metallic solids

- Poor: Glass
- Hard but brittle
- High melting point
Characteristics
Poor conductor of heat
- Material's ability to be
and elec
pulled or stretched into
- Does not corrode.
wires
8. Ductility

Source: Made from sand

- Good: Copper
- Poor: Glass
Classes and Properties
of Materials - Transparent
Glass
- Easily broken/ Brittle
- A measure of how
- Poor conductor of heat
readily electric current
Materials and elec
passes through a Characteristics
9. Electrical - Can be moulded into
substance
Conductivity shapes
- Good corrosion
- Good: Metal resistance
- Poor: Plastic

Source: Made from

- A measure of how petroleum
An alloy is a mixture of
readily heat passes
at least 2 elements,
through the substance
10. Thermal with at least 1 of which Plastics - Strong but light
conductivity is a metal - Low density
- Good: Metal - Good corrosion
- Poor: Plastic resistance
- An alloy is stronger Characteristics
- Poor conductors of
How it is different from heat and elec
pure metals? - Can be moulded into
- Different melting
III. Alloys
points shape

Back to the basics - Source: cotton- cotton

Metals are malleable, plant nylon- from from
The reason alloys are plastic
This makes it more which means they can
generally stronger than Man-made source:
difficult for the layers be bent and shaped into
pure metals is because Why do alloys have Nylon
to slide over each other, different shapes Fibres
of the fact that the different physical
thus alloys are stronger relatively easily. They
atoms of different sizes properties?
and harder than pure consist of layers of
distort the regular Formed by combining - Can be spun into
metal. atoms, which can slide
arrangement of atoms >1 material to obtain a threads and woven into
over one another when Characteristics
desired property fabrics
the force is applied.
- Can absorb dyes

They will then be
incinerated (burn)
which causes air
pollution by emitting
more toxins and
pollutants that harm
local air quality.
Incineration makes a
more significant
negative contribution
to local air quality than
landfill.
What?
Just literally use less
stuff.
Example: Instead of
throwing away a piece
of paper when you mess
up your drawing on one
side, use the other side
of the paper
Usually has a
We need to conserve
combination of the best
materials because Earth
characteristics of each
has limited amounts of
component material.
resources, and it will
eventually run out if we
do not use it wisely
Most composites are
IV. Composites created to improve
physical properties.
Some of the discarded
(Such physical
materials are non-
properties include
biodegradable, which
strength, hardness, and
means it will not be
its ability to withstand Properties of GRP
broken down by
high heat) - Strong and malleable
bacteria and it will stay
(does not break when it
there for a long long
is bent or moulded into
time, posing a threat to
Properties of glass Properties of plastic shapes)
the environment, by One good example of
- Does not corrode - Strong and light => This allows it to It is used for Piping and
contributing to composites is glass- + =
- Can be moulded into - Its ability to be withstand collisions storage tanks
pollution, block drains reinforced plastic (GRP)
shapes moulded into shapes that would once
and harm animals
damage the material
Conservation of - Lightweight, it can
Materials :skull: travel faster and save
fuel
1. Reduce

what.
Literally just reuse the
stuff that can be
reusable instead of
throwing them away
Huh? How?
Carry a reusable 2. Reuse
shopping bag instead of
asking for a plastic bag
(which is non-
Conservation
biodegradable so it will
not be broken down
when thrown away)

what even-
Just use old materials to
make new stuff.
Example: You have a
few plastic bags, 3. Recycle
instead of throwing
them away, recycle
them by using them as
trash bags instead

if it is unnecessary, just
4. Refuse
don't use it man.