PROCEDURE

W0.1M
APPARATUS
MATERIALS
REQUIRED
Stop-watch, the
produce acid. on
enoughin tohydrochloric with THEORY
According
product temperature. In
which inereases
of of
CHEMICAL
KINETICS
solution rate most oxygen wood
5. 4. 3. 2. 1. Na,S,0, The the
conicalWhen ing Add Take so
Now theWith Wash the of thiosulphatestudytheTo It
increase of The burns
that two insoluble a the to of in with is
1010 flasks
add reactionopaque. reaction the the rate ofthe observed
flask half ml volume 10 the the solution molar
burettes Na,S,O,
2HCI + at
of of
mlml 40, help
conical
1, sulphur to in law cases former. athe
hydrochloric
and the0.of1M of 2, Therefore,
issulphur, concentrations
reaction increasemuch
can the of andeffect of the that
1Mof30, 3, of and carried concentration mass
place
hydrochloric solution
HCI 20 4 flasks and faster
Na,S,0, and
andburette,
a 1
be hydroehlorie rate
M five make formed studied 1,063 of other
in
it out. rate action, almost
concentration
in 10 5
with HCI concentrationon of rate
on acid respectively. a in conical the factors
the and test ml add solution. some of ofthe
acid taken each during
the ’ easily of rate EXPERIMENT 3.1 in
tile tube of 10,water Ss) reactants. reaction all oxygen
flasks mark
reaction the acid. reactions
solution 40 distilled flask of remaining
with ml in with 20, and + by
the reactants.
yolw 2NaClaq) the chemical a of
of a is 30, label (100 invisiblereaction,
becomes than the
a
distilled test the water
50 can reaction In
cross has 40 inereases reactants.
ml). other ratetheof in the
been tuhe help ml. to and them on be The ar.
mark studied + reaction same,
to of the agivesSO,/g)between words,
effect almost 1t
added.water the
50 as paper
as burette. a flask ml 1, a with isFor
milky
by the
shown conical of 2, kept + ofthe is reaction
directly between
sodium double thebeCause
example,
Shake and 1, 0.1M 3,
rslant measuring H,00) concentration
sodium rate rate
start 2, 4 appearance
under increase
3 and lor of
in flask Na,S,0, of higher of
Fig. the and proportional
5 thiosulphateandreaction every we a
chemical
contents the respectively.
4
1243ci
2C1336) 4 the
3.1. No. the in find
stop-watch. respectively conical of temperature.
solution 2cL6I24h8
Ma)tceDEsceD time and 10°C coheent that
contain I reactants
increases
of makes reaction
the flasktaken to ribe ratien a
ol
to the 29
 COMPREHENSIVE PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY-

Obeerve rom here

Na,S,O, +HCI

Cross mnark

X
Tile or paper

Fig. 3.1. Study of rate of reaction.

in the flask and stop the stop-watch when
Ge on observing from top to downwards Note down the time.
the cross mark just becomes invisible. record
Repeat the experiment by adding 10 ml of 1M HCI to flasks 2, 3, 4 and 5 and
T cross to become justinvisible.
the time taken in each case for the

oBSSRVATIONS
Volume of Time taken
Volume of Volume Total volume Conc. of
1M HCl (ml) for cross to
Na, S,0, of water of solution Na,S,0, become just
solatiot in m in ml in ml solution
invisible t
(s)

8$88 50 0.02 M 10 a46... s

10 40
50 0.04 M 10 182.. s
30
50 0.06 M 10 122.. s
30 20
0.08 M 10 93.. s
10 50 b.o33as?
50 0.10 M 10

PLOTTINGOF GRAPH
1 and the conc. of
Plot a graph between - (in seconds)

sodium thiosulphate by taking along ordinate

(vertical axis and cone. of Na,S,O, along abscissa (s)

(horizontal axis). It should be a straight sloping line.
RESULT

From the graph, it is clear that is directly

O 02 0 04 0.06 0.08 0.10
1 Conc. of Na,S,O, (M)
proportional to the cone. of Na,S,O, solution. But Fig. 3.2. A graph of conc. of
is a direct measure of rate of the reaction, therefore,
rate of the reaction between Na,S,0, and HCl is Na S,O, tUs.
CHEMICAL KINETICS 31

directly proportional to the conc. of Na,S,0, solution taken. Hence, rate of this reaction is
reactants
directly proportional to the concentration of Na,S,0 which is one of the
Note.It may be noted that the reaction rate also increases when the amount of sodium thiosulphate
is kept constant but the concentration of hydrochloric acid is increased.
RRECAUTIONS
to be used again
1.The apparatus must be thoroughly clean. If the same conical flask is
water.
and again, it should be thoroughly washed with conc. HNO, and then with
distilled
2. Measure the volumes of sodium thiosulphate solution, hydrochlorie acid and
water very accurately.
3. Use the same tile with the same cross-mark for all observation.
temperature
4. Complete the experiment at one time only so that there is not much
variation.
acid solution has
5. Start the stop-watch immediately when half of the hydrochloric
been added to sodium thiosulphate solution.
bottom from same
6. View the cross-mark through the reaction mixture from top to
height for all observations.
 art
ates ara er.
Crease sciss:

PROCEDUREsolution.
solution,
APPARATUS
CHEMICALS
4AND reaction. solution
and thiosulphate and THEORY
Hydrogen CHEMICAL
KINETICS
Conical
starch
9. 8. 7. 6. 5. 4. 3. 2. 1. The When The concentrations
differentof lo
Record
Repeatappear. start burette.
Add Add Add Add Add Add
respectively. Take 2.5 study
flasks time reaction peroxide
solution
M gives
thiosulphate solution
5 10 water5 10 10four
the the Note
the ml
ml
ml ml ml, H,SO,, (250 elapsed H,O, the
stop of starch to of 250 colour
blue oxidizes
observations step 3% of 20 ml), and to is reaetion
e
thwatch 0.05 make 2.5 ml, ml before monitored
the +
7hydrogen solution M starch Starch I,+ ions2S,0, L,+ is 2I-
with time conical
40 measuring reduced
M tH,SO, he reaction +2H+ jodide
immediately. sodium ml the are rate
when volume solution, by
inthe to andflasks appearance completely ions EXPERIMENT3.3
tabular peroxide to iodide
ions to
mixture. adding iodide
ions. of
solutions the each cylinder, Fast
thiosulphate each 60
of complexBlue ’ ’ to reaction
iodine
blue flask.
solutionflask. mland 3% S,0+ 21 ’ 2H,a0
form. Stir
solution of
label consumed,
in
colour of Iodineknown
the 0.1 H,0,
burette, blue + in of
flasks
100 them
M I,acidic iodide
mixture
just solution
to colour, volume
KI solution, liberated
B, flask A ml pipette the
appears.
C solution as medium
in A, gives liberated ions
and and to each B, of
each 0.05 (5 sodium
at with
D.watch with to C an
flask. ml), once
the flask the and M idea iodine hydrogen
for help flasks D. stop-watch,
sodium about thiosulphate
reacts
the with reacts
of A, the
blue a the thiosulphate with peroxide
pipette B, rate with
colour help C 0.1 solution
sodium 33
and M of starch
and of KI the at
to a D
 COMPREHENSIVE PRRACTICAL CHEMIt

NATIONS
Starch 0.5 Msodiumn

solutiom
25M Water
salution thiosulphate 3e hydrogen
HSO, (ml) solution (ml) peroxide selut
5
10 (ml)
10 5
10
70 5
20
10
5 5
10 50
10
30 5 5
10

:
Ime required for the blue colour to first appear in
Flask A - 265s
Flask B
Flask C
Flask D -

CONCLUSION
concentration of 10dide ions.
rate of the reaction increases with increase in
The
PRECAUTIONS
a freshly prepared solution of sodiumthiosulphate.
1. Aways use higher than the concentration of
sod
solution should be
2. Concentration of KI
thiosulphate solution.
3. Use freshly prepared
starch solution. pipetter.
hvirogen peroxide solution with mouth but use a
4. Do not suck

EXPERIMENT 3.4