MATHEMATICS 8

QUARTER 3 – March 28, 2023

Proving two triangles are

congruent. (M8GE-IIIg-1)
 REVIEW
THE TRIANGLE CONGRUENCE
POSTULATES &THEOREMS
Side-Side-Side Postulate (SSS)

Angle-Side-Angle Postulate (ASA)

Side-Angle-Side Postulate (SAS)

Side-Angle-Angle Theorem (SAA)

 REVIEW

Side-Side-Side Postulate (SSS)

A E
∆ 𝐀𝐁𝐂 ≅ ∆ 𝐄𝐃𝐅
side 𝑨𝑩 ≅ side 𝑬𝑫
B
D
side 𝑩𝑪 ≅ side 𝑫𝑭
C
F side 𝑪𝑨 ≅ side 𝑭𝑬

If three sides of a triangle are congruent to its three

corresponding sides of another triangle, then the two
triangles are congruent.
 REVIEW

Angle-Side-Angle Postulate (ASA)

A X
∆ 𝐀𝐁𝐂 ≅ ∆ 𝐗𝐘𝐙
∠𝑨 ≅ ∠𝑿
B
C
side 𝑨𝑪 ≅ side 𝑿𝒁
Y
Z ∠𝑪 ≅ ∠𝒁

If two angles and the included side of one triangle are

congruent to the corresponding parts of another triangle,
then the triangles are congruent.
 REVIEW

Side-Angle-Side Postulate (SAS)

A X
∆ 𝐀𝐁𝐂 ≅ ∆ 𝐗𝐘𝐙
side 𝑨𝑩 ≅ side 𝑿𝒀
B
C Y
∠𝑨 ≅ ∠𝑿
Z side 𝑨𝑪 ≅ side 𝑿𝒁

If two sides and the included angle of one triangle are

congruent to the corresponding parts of another triangle,
then the triangles are congruent.
 REVIEW

Side-Angle-Angle Theorem (SAA)

A X
∆ 𝐀𝐁𝐂 ≅ ∆ 𝐗𝐘𝐙
side 𝑨𝑪 ≅ side 𝑿𝒁
B
C Y
∠𝑨 ≅ ∠𝑿
Z ∠𝐁 ≅ ∠𝐘

If two angles and a non-included side of one triangle are

congruent to two angles and the corresponding non-included
side of a second triangle, then the triangles are congruent.
 LESSON

Two-Column Proof
A proof is a convincing demonstration that
a mathematical statement is necessarily true.
Proofs can use:
1. Given information
2. Definitions
3. Postulates and theorems
4. Statements that have already been proved
 LESSON

Some Reasons to Use:

1. Vertical Angle Theorem – angles that are opposite each other
and formed by two intersecting straight lines, are congruent.
 LESSON

Some Reasons to Use:

2. Alternate Interior Angle Theorem – the alternate interior angles
are congruent when the transversal intersects two parallel
lines.
 LESSON

Some Reasons to Use:

3. Right Angle Congruence Theorem – all right angles are
congruent.

∠𝐁 and ∠𝐄 both measures 𝟗𝟎°

 LESSON

Some Reasons to Use:

4. Midpoint – the midpoint is the middle point of a line segment.
 LESSON

Some Reasons to Use:

5. Angle bisector – a line that bisects an angle into two equal
parts.
 LESSON

ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES
Proving Triangle Congruence
 EXAMPLE NUMBER 1

Write a proof using two-column method

Given: side BC ≅ side DA, side BC ∥ side AD
Prove: 𝛥ABC ≅ 𝛥CDA

B C STATEMENTS REASONS
1. side BC ≅ side DA 1. Given
2. side BC ∥ side AD 2. Given
3. ∠BCA ≅ ∠DAC 3. A.I.A. Theorem
A D
4. side AC ≅ side AC 4. Reflexive
5. 𝛥ABC ≅ 𝛥CDA 5. S.A.S. Postulate
 EXAMPLE NUMBER 2

Write a proof using two-column method

Given: side QR ≅ side RS, side QT ≅ side ST
Prove: 𝛥QRT ≅ 𝛥SRT
Q
STATEMENTS REASONS
1. side QR ≅ side RS 1. Given
2. side QT ≅ side ST 2. Given
T R
3. side RT ≅ side RT 3. Reflexive
4. 𝛥QRT ≅ 𝛥SRT 4. S.S.S. Postulate

S
 EXAMPLE NUMBER 3

Write a proof using two-column method

Given: side BC ≅ side BD, side AD ∥ side CE
Prove: 𝛥ABD ≅ 𝛥ECB

A D STATEMENTS REASONS
1. side BC ≅ side BD 1. Given

B
2. side AD ∥ side CE 2. Given
3. ∠ADB ≅ ∠ECB 3. A.I.A. Theorem
4. ∠ABD ≅ ∠EBC 4. V.A.T.
C E
5. 𝛥ABD ≅ 𝛥EBC 5. A.S.A. Postulate
 ACTIVITIES

PRACTICE EXERCISES
Module 6 (Part 1)
 ACTIVITY NUMBER 2

Direction: Complete the two-column proof.

Given: side MA ≅ side TA, ∠MAH ≅ ∠TAH
Prove: 𝛥MAH ≅ 𝛥TAH

STATEMENT REASONS
1. side 𝑀𝐴 ≅ side 𝑇𝐴 1. Given
_________________
2. _________________
∠𝐌𝐀𝐇 ≅ ∠𝐓𝐀𝐇 2. Given
3. side 𝐀𝐇 ≅ side 𝐀𝐇
_________________ 3. Reflexive Property
4. 𝛥𝑀𝐴𝐻 ≅ 𝛥𝑇𝐴𝐻 𝐒. 𝐀. 𝐒. Postulate
4. _________________
 ACTIVITY NUMBER 3

Direction: Complete the two-column proof.

Given: R is the midpoint of side MY, ∠EMR ≅ ∠CYR
Prove: 𝛥ERM ≅ 𝛥CRY
STATEMENT REASONS
1. _________________
∠𝐄𝐌𝐑 ≅ ∠𝐂𝐘𝐑 1. Given
2. R is the midpoint Given
2. _________________
of MY

𝐌𝐑 ≅ side 𝐘𝐑 3. Definition of
3. side
_________________
midpoint
4. _________________
∠𝐌𝐑𝐄 ≅ ∠𝐘𝐑𝐂 4. Vertical ∠ theorem
5. 𝛥ERM ≅ 𝛥CRY 𝐀. 𝐒. 𝐀. Postulate
5. _________________
 ACTIVITY NUMBER 4

Direction: Complete the two-column proof.

Given: side AR ≅ side DR, side AC ≅ side DC
Prove: 𝛥ACR ≅ 𝛥DCR

STATEMENT REASONS
1. side 𝐴𝑅 ≅ side 𝐷𝑅 1. Given
_________________
2. side 𝐀𝐂 ≅ side 𝐃𝐂
_________________ 2. Given
3. side 𝐂𝐑 ≅ side 𝐂𝐑
_________________ 3. Reflexive Property
4. 𝛥𝐴𝐶𝑅 ≅ 𝛥𝐷𝐶𝑅 𝐒. 𝐒. 𝐒. Postulate
4. _________________
DO YOU HAVE ANY
QUESTIONS?