Uplift Force

Uplift, U = 208 kN ywπD²/4 - W

Tunnel Weight, W = 145 kN/m pcπ[D² - (D-2t)²]/4
Tunnel Out Dia, D = 6.7 m
Tunnel Thinkness, t = 0.3 m
Concrete Density, pc = 24 kN/m³
Water Density, yw = 10 kN/m³

Restraining Force
Restraining Force, R = 823 kN y'D(hw+D/2-πD/8) + ybD(H-hw)+2S(H+D/2)
Submerged wt. of Soil, y' = 8 kN/m³
Bulk wt. of Soil, yb = 17 kN/m³
Overburden Height, H = 12.4 m
Water level, hw = 12.4 m
S= 0 kN/m²
Cohesion, cu = 0 kN/m²
1/2Koy'(H+D/2)tanØ = 0.00 kN/m²
Friction Angle, Ø = 0 degree
Partial Factor, F = 2 Strength
Partial Factor, F = 1.15 Material
Ko = 1 1-sinØ

R/U = 3.96