DATE IO

Enengy Canservatiom and

Mamaqement
UNET 1, 2,3.

classMAtee
PAGE
 anergt consevation amd Manaqem emt

DAT 25 32 1
pes o Enerau
:Renevoable enegy (s.E, H.E, GE]
2 Nop- Renewable enerey lT:EJ
Solar Energy
Sdar enerqy cam be converted intd electical enerq4 by using
Sdlar panels
Solar pouwered electical generation depends om heat enqines and
pholovoltaic's
Eiample
* SolarCooker

Solaa htater
Solar ells.

Advaotaqes
Solar enexqu doesnlt produce carbon dioxide
t T bave minimal ímpact On enviTonment
Disadvantaqes
I t is mot constant it depends on uoeatner conditons ttme an
location

indWind Energy
dInd enetgu generatcd bs wimd twubimes is mainu used to

generateelectnicit
Lndia world's fth larqest produter of electriRky im this area
Advantoges
x lind tusbines often called uoindmilus)
donot arlease emission that pollute
the afr or wate

Disadaptoges
Installation and maintemamce
cst is very hig

Onhy fu places ate there in

wgrd d phere wind blou Contmuously
throughouf the year

classMALe PAGE O
 DATE 2 5 o a ] 2 o a

2 * Geothermal Energy
we can
Gentberma eneray is heat from witbin_the Earth.
a s Steam or hot wate and use t to bect
fecover this heat

buildings or qenerate dectriCity

Elamples.
tHot sprinas
Fumaroles (Smoke)
Geyeers:
Adantages
Vers louw. bey rele ase
Carbondioxide emissíon levels are
less than 1'/ of the carbon diotide
Disadantages
Installation cost is very high.
Release vaTious kind of brnfu gases.

2* Hydro Enerqy
unning wwate
Hydro enerqu is qenerally cenerated from
Using vanious mechanical metbods
Elamples'
K Dams
Tidal Bamaqes
OCean Tbermal Enerqu COmvensinn Syskm
Advantages.
Produces veTy less dmount of Calbon diaide.
T t is dlso beinq used to contro] {looc andfor imeatim puaposes
2 Dísadvantages3
Natural environment isdestroyed.

Piemass Fnerayi
BiomasS is Organic material made from plans and animals
u a s t e (mícro-organisms).

Wbern it i s buaned the chemi cau energ+ inbiomass is

released as beat
TLaroples

methanol o m anima wasle )

PAGE o2
classMAte
 DATE
25 o3 E2
Etharol.
Biodiesel (liquid biamass)

Advarntages
*Equpment bioqas plant) installatton is less.
* HelpS in qarbaqe reduction..
pisadvanages
Releases high amount of Sulphurous gases.

Tidal Enerqy
Ihe eneray Contained m Oceans wwaves Cam potentíally
pTovide an unlimited SouiLe of reneauable eneTgy
Ocean waves are Created by the interaction Ofwind wih
the Sunface o4 tbe Sea
Advartages
* Tt doesnt produce qreenbouse gases and is Cfe is veMy
long
TUS etjicienu is around 80 . .Tt doegnt
Tequire ant kírd
Of fuel to Tun
Dsadrantages
_Cost construchon of total pouw e plant i2
bigh.

Non-Reneoable tnergy
Non renewable enerqu CanE be generatecd again and again
form the Same Sowtte
Eiamples
Yetroleum pnduts Ckerosene petrol diesel ete)
Coa
xOranium

oal - Coal
ísa combustible black o 7 broLornish- black
Sedime
-ntany rock Conposec mostly Of Carbon and
bydo.casbom
tor milliors of years, a layer ofdead
planhs at he bottomof
tbe Suamps uoas covered by layers ot
uwata and dirt, trappine
he eneTqu o} the dead plans.
alaSSMAte PAGE Oo 3
 DATE
2 Sola 2oE
*The beat and pressue from the top layers belped the p
remains tuwtn nto what we today call coal

Disad vantages
*Responsi ble for st7. Of cabon dioide in the a ï r .

*Oranium
Nucdear energy ís enerq m the nucleus (ore) Of an
Oranium-23Satom. Atoms are tiny Pazkcles that make up
evexy okjec ín the univense
TE cam be Teleased from atons in two uays:
Nudear fusion ductea fissíon.

Advantages
Even a Small amount cem release eneugh emerq to ight-up
thosamd of enenqy for months (1 ka uzamtum-23Scacesponds
to 2.7 mílon kq coal eauivaleot).

-Disadvantages
Aftea usng t fn nuclean rea.cior them also ft Tadioactie.
SubstanLes_[s vesy dangexous 4o bumam
Eq Cab0nyl accident emd fukushirma plant aciden

clasSMAte PAGE 0
 DATE 2 6 o
a2 e 2 J

FnergyLensenvatiom
Yefers to eforts made to Tedute eneg4
Enem4 Lonsen vation
Consumptiom
Consevatiom can be achttved through ncieased eficient
Energy
enerqu use or Aeduced wnsumptton from non- reneuwable eDegy
Sounces
solutím to
Energy consenvatiom 1s often tbe most etomomical
energ4_shotages

bs to conScAve
We bave Limiteduels aailable om earth.
Oun demand tor_enerqu (s tncreasing dayr bynday.
I t is possible. that Sorme.day,mostof fuets otll be ezhaus4-
and we uoft have to Suoitch to alteanateenerq

nera Consevation in INDIA

bill, 20o
n India, qoennment bas passed enexau Conaeavation
for bater utiliation o enerau and Consenvation Df the Sam
By tbis act t s mordatory o ene1qu íntensíve seckors to
qet hefr eneray auá't' conducted oy enegy audito.
this body kaaps uatth m
*Buneau o_eDerau eficdentu
eneTqu4 Consumptiom pa terns deelops nom of appuamc ett
* Star ratings BEE bas alss imitiated Star ratinq Sustem'
for eleical appliantes eg CELS, qeysens ,1efigerator,ek

=2 hy t What oe Can do 2
* Aloays Bitch oft Ugbt and fans while going Out of oe

We should ootopem rdge. frequenty.

lalhile qoing to punchase new pocuchs cq 9esens television
CFL etc insist fr natíngs ranqlng from 4-S
* Tociease everyone's understandina of tha benefits of enexqy

ettiden

clasSMAte PAGE OO 5
 2 pTeVent
albat we cam do pToducs to
materials
into mew
Waste
Kecycle usefu
materials.
potentially
waste of eneqySaving
fuoTescent

bulbs with
much
Keplace . old light
more, but uwill Save you
m
ay cost
bulbs. Thy
morelm the long run

and conseving
is an eicellent was of Saving energ
ecycling
the environmeot
Do you kna that a
would Save enough enemay tD pooeN
1 aecudedtto

television Jo 3 bouTs
Save emough eneray to poueL
1 aecueled qlass loottle uould
a compute or a5 minutes
enough_eherg TO
secycled plastic bottle uoud Save
3 boas
powe a 6owat Lght blb fo7
paey_commpard
to less energu s equiTed to recu4cle
materats.
oith making it from Ta

Three R's

The Slogan Reduce Reuse Recycle s widels used to mise

auoareess against the use Ot non- reneuoable. souiCe_of enerqy

Raduce ConSumption
Reuse manufactuned rocluss
XReycle rau material

clasSMAte
PACE
 DATE NO

Defimition
to Taduce the
made
*ter94 Consevation Its the
th eftor
ess Of am enengy 3e1viCe
enegyb usimg
onsumption of
opeaatiom of
plammimg: amd
I t mcludes_pla
thegymapagenment
comsumptiom unis, objective
eneagproductiom amd emen94 amd cost SavipP
protectiom
mclmate
consenvaton emeray they used.
aTC TSouTCey peomoamemt cccesS to
have
the useS
while
O 0eed MrE
Prinupleso Enegycem senvation (Two tYpe) 27MCcE
xMazimum thenodmamic etficiemcy
absoute maimum
efjicdeme lmit s tthe
hermodymanit
possi ble comvei6fon Of Sunught to elechii
theoneticallt Novíkao
uohich is the chambadal-
Its vaue is about 86 ,
miated to the camot lmit, ba Sed
eficienu, am apPTOImatiom

of photoms emited by q s SuTfaCe

O the tempeTatae
as f o llows.
he efticiemay (mIts ane
Sola Cell echnolaies
* Fo
33
( Single Junctions

mpure
(i) 3 cell Stacks ame
Hot CaTnen 54-68
in)
moule5 12 - 21
v) COmmeTCral

Solay Cetl with comverten 50

v) 31-1. as
Far e itonic Sola cells eficiency Conm go beyond
ezplainedby sehockly amd QuiSsers.

30

l0

Bortdga Cev)
sSMAte PAGE O
 For Carien mutiplication the etiemu is 43

through black body Tadiation, where as o So1ar Cel

Poweed by the sun's full concendnat ed radiation, h

eficcemey Limit is upto 85/

ejectivenes

1Marmun Cost-ejiciencies tn eneTqy se

mprovinq eneqy eficienc fn homes busines, Schools
ovemmert im dustries uwhich comsunes mora tham
md
+o 04 the natural gas and electmiuty usecd in the
Country s one Of the most Consth udive Cost eHective
uways to address the challenges of high energy Pmtes
Evaluating the Cost effectiveness OL_energy eficdemcy
fsessential +o identifying hou much of ou counhys
Potential fo» eneg efi ciemg TesouTces wil) be aptuu
Based On 9tudies energy eyrcie ny Tesounces mauy be
able to meet 507. mdre 0f the eipected load qTO wth
by 202 S.
In his
SITMplestformn energy effiieny COSt eHechivenex
smeasured by CompoaTIMA tne benidits 0t an nvastmemt
uoith +De cost fe key cogt -

ef t4ivenes in emergy use -

Test have Deen used They a r e
. ParHeipolnt cos+ est CPet)
2.
Prooram admimiStrator cost est (PACT)
3. The rate poyev 1poct measures test (RIM)
4 Tha oshtota TeSource COst es+ CTR¢)
55. Souatal cost test SCT)

KHicient ener3 USe Sometme' shmpy called energy

efi cieny s the goal toreduce the amoun of
energy
aequired to Provide procluct 4 6eTVices fov etample
insulhing a home a ows a
building to use tess heafing
and cooling enerayt to acheive and aintaim a CUnfor
table emperatuve . Insulatng
ED ghtir two
re xent ghting Ov natural Skylight windows r duces
he amount t enetgy equired fo atam the Same
clasSMAte PAGE o
 DATE ONI
level ot (Ptlumimatim) tlum imation (mprovememt+ emerqy
qeneraly acheived by adopting-_a move_
eHidencu aYe
eficient technology Or oduckiem 2TOCeSS Theve ae

mam energu efficiemay educimg e n e

uwaus to fmpOve
esutt t a
r9y Ue educes enegyCo and may
energy use_
imancial cost Savimgto conSumers educimg
to the problem Of 1eductng
f also Seen as a Soluutton
emission Accorclre to imtandtiomaleney
Teenhouse gas
-9y agenat improved enerqu
effrclemtes m
ouildings,
Tndustmal Poces amd tramspoTtatiom Coul d Neduce tne
wolcS energy e edy in 8osD by d amdbalp conrol
3loba emissio) O4 q7eenhouse gase

Various oms of Energy

t s a 9uan Htative 27opejty that must be tramsferic4
KneTg yo
inOrder to peform woTk on to heat the object
+o object
congeivecd uantity and ac cording to lauw
nergy S a
of conse7vattom ot en eGy
be created no be destroye d bul
Eneay Cam neither

Cam be conveited from One form to other fom

Symbo
ST uniH JoulesCJ)
kWh, 3TU Caloie.
Other unit

Dimensiom ML2 T-2.

Fovms EneTg4

:Heat Energy CThermal)

resutt Of movemert 4 timy Par tcles as
Its the
ioms in solids, Cauids and
atoms, mole Cuul es oY

tTansferr due to the drfleven ce n tempeva

3ases T h e
is called heat
tur ween 2 objects
Symbol
ST units Jousu)

PACE 3
elasSmAte
 DATE ON.
Heat enerqy i s characterised as

()Latent heat
Sensible hea

haent heat Iis an energ abso bed|Te leaseed by

Substance duTINg change im t s physical stak that
OccuTs uwithot change in its temperature.
Two types oflatent heat are
a) Melting
b)Boiling

S Iuni J kg
Fomulae ML
hea C), M-max (ka)
Sens/ble heat- Its the heat e change by a body I
which exchange ot heat chanqe termperature Of tbe
body, but leaves un chanqed Some macroscope ic vatrab
-les body as volume |
Pressue
Fomula In SJ Sensible heat
CF M AT O8 BTU (0) I|
2 Me chan ical energy - The Sum of objects kimetic eneygy
and PotenEtal eneTgy
ME CkE+ PE)obiect
A n obiec thaE has motion either venhtoa dY
-

hoi3ontal.
* tamme)

cind nmill etc.

ME aYe o twotypes

a) Motion enegY
b)Stoed ener gy

elasSMAte PAGE 4
 becauSe
object h a s
energy 1ts the enevgyt am
aMoti0
Of HS movemen

Eg Speecd movinA
cricket balt

bSoTed energy Tts the energy stored by objects by

the appication of a forte.

Eg A Spring

3 lecmical energy
hich is caused by the movement Of the
The energy
one place to othev.
eledrons fronm -

OY) electrons charqes i

Clork done by moving Streams of

elechical ener9y
Time Wsec) ov CToules)
Enerqy= Power *

AlteYnating cuTreet CAC)

Drect coTYent CDC)

Siahting
baHe ies
Capactíes.

chemical ènergy Its

Its the energy Stored n bonds of
whem
chemical compounds, like atorms and mole cues
compounds } 1eatiov takes place chermiccu eneYgy is

neleased.
Osual Once chemical energys 1eleasecl f m
substance, that Substance is tramformed in com pl
-

etey neu Substante

Eg ti) coal combustion neach mn cOmvenh
chemica energy to i ght heat
(2 lood Same aS coal_
Cii) Petro leum Itgeh bunt b produe heatF¢
light
rnS ci 22+ 2 H0
i) 2 Fe + O 2 Fe0D

elASSMAte t0 + Co2 + ght gucose uygy PaGE o o S

 DATE UI
Sores oF ene ossea
Tdentificahion f Potent ometom o anothen
tamformedrorn

klhen ene ray_is amother , or Tom SHSkm

place to
moved fm one
meams
that whey
loss. This
mot her there s eneray
diterent torm,
tom, Some
Sorme Ot the
Of
iS Converted to a
emeray disorcdened form
& turned mto a highly
imput energy
O4 enerau , tke heat
amd comveuim t7Om One toa
Tamapor tatlom operatrom

to anothen
OPouea qenenated in pouwen stations pass Lrough laage
ovenhead
amd omplex netusor es u ke tramformers,
amd reaches at
line, cables amd o t h e r equipment
the ends Users.

unit of pow e qenerated at the PoweN 8tahm

The
does mot match with the di'stri but ed unik fo the
CoT umers Some pencent age of thee un i'ts slosE in
the cdistmbutto metuoTk

This diterenu imthe generated amd dlist buted

units i s Kinown c ramnm'ionm md disi butio

leakagee Cultnd l o s
They Ore two types otitet tove
a Tehmita Pomana Corona lose
loss es fid open cAui't lemes
(ahout a2:57. to 30. ) Impedsms oe
vaiable (osser Caused by contast*
aistamla
Reasn- 1 lengthy disi butíon Unes
Dad wor kmashtp
3. load fastor effect on losses
Trams formen s
izing amd Sel echiom.
Switehmg otH Transfor men.
Non technrcal lo sse Com
ercia oses ).

clasSMAte PAGE 0 j016

 DATE ULLL

Eungy lose Pipe ftow

nlhen a fusd lowing through a pipe, he fluid
bome esistamce du to whtch Some of the
expeuenes
energ cy the uid u Lost

| Enway losses

Minor Enengy loss

Major Enoqy loss
a) Suddem enpamsion
Cdue to Mchon)
b)Suddam Conmachn
c)Bend pipe
d) Plpe 4iing
e) obsruchon v ptpe.

wnveuá4 mb mudhata
in) uqy Loste»_yn a vehidk Chens'tal enngy

Jpud enesgy nangy fon

LDO. movemend
Driveen lossu 4s
T-as.
nwgy lo5sen
ITt71: | Tot Los
Spuna of loss
Wak pump
Sounw o loL AHnaor
thaun hak, punplg
frcbon and onmbustm
Omd the angine.
ng from
4 Hea estaping the cyltndey
Sone ot the
Comvens
Frition blw MOvinI Panth
to
to the emirOn
heot whech b dii pat ed
energ
energ to

ment

Pumpin ful to the engie.

Imumplele Combstfom.

Paking Enengy drsipated thrugh huot

PAGE
lasSMAte
 DATE O

Wind OrAn zesistanu to

Can must push ib way throu
the au this C1eatesdrag_amd maks the the emgine
e1pend moTe enemgy to yave

amd the
Rollin 1esistanu Thez s {ritkion blw tires
Toad whtch dempates emengr a haat
Daivetrailese Eneaqy neven transmikd lop. eftdaq
parta of tas, so engine hst burn more fual
Compensati