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¶vØ Gfl•¿k µP x®£ıUQP“ A‘¨P®£kzu®£mhx uıfl
¶µm]US Eh⁄iU Pıµn©ıP A¯©¢ux. Azx®£ıUQPŒfl
˜uımhıUPŒ¿ ™∏PU ˆPı ®¶ uh¡®£mi∏¢ux. Az
˜uımhıUP¯Õ E£˜ØıQ®£uÿS ¨fl Aufl Pi⁄©ı⁄
˜©æ¯”P¯Õ® £ÿPÕı¿ Pizxz v”UP ˜¡si∞∏¢ux.
56
£_ ©ÿ÷Æ £fl‘∞fl ˆPı ®¶, ˜uımhıUPŒ¿ uh¡®£mk
C∏¢uuıPU P∏vØ C¢x, C_ªı™Ø £¯h √µ∫P“
Az˜uımhıUP¯Õ E£˜ØıQUP ©÷zu⁄∫. £_UP¯Õ C¢x
\©Øzv⁄∫ ¶¤u©ıPU P∏vØxÆ, £fl‘¯Ø C_ªı™Ø∫
ˆ¡÷zx JxUQØxÆ AuÿPı⁄ Pıµn©ıSÆ. Az˜uımhıU
P¯Õ E£˜ØıQ®£x uÆ \©ØU ˜Pım£ımiÿS Gvµı⁄x
Gfl÷ C∏ \©Øzv⁄∏Æ P∏v⁄∫. 1857&BÆ Bsk ©ı∫a
©ıuÆ 29&BÆ ˜uv ˆPı¿Pzuı¬ÿS A∏Q¿ ˜£µUß∫
Gfl›™hzv¿ ¡[PıÕ® £¯h®§∂¯¡a ˜\∫¢u ©[P“
£ıs˜h Gfl” CÕÆ C¢vØ® £¯h√µ∫ ˆPı ®¶zuh¬Ø
˜uımhı¯¡ E£˜ØıQUP ©÷zx ufl ˜©ªvPı∂¯Øa _mkU
ˆPıfl”ı∫. Au⁄ı¿ A¡∫ ¯Px ˆ\¥Ø®£mk, }v
¬\ıµ¯nUS Em£kzu®£mk §fl yUQºh®£mhı∫. Aa
ˆ\¥v £µ¬Øƒhfl C¢vØ® £¯h√µ∫P“ £ª∫, ˆ¡∆˜¡÷
£SvPŒ¿ ¶µm]¯Øz ˆuıh[Q⁄∫.
¶µm]∞fl ˜£ıUS : 1857&BÆ Bsk H®µ¿ ©ıuÆ ´µm
{P∂¿ £¯h√µ∫P“ ˆ¡Œ®£¯hØıP ¶µm]∞¿ Dk
£mh⁄∫. A¡∫P“ ˆPı ®¶z uh¬Ø ˜uımhıUP¯Õ ˆuıh
©÷zu⁄∫. G⁄˜¡ A¡∫P“ Cµıq¡ ¬\ıµ¯nUS Em
£kzu®£mk 10 BskP“ Pk[Pı¡¿ ush¯⁄ ˆ£ÿ”⁄∫.
´µm¯ha ˜\∫¢u £¯h®§∂¬⁄∫ 1857&BÆ Bsk ˜© ©ıuÆ
10&BÆ {ı“ ¶µm]∞¿ Dk£mh⁄∫. A¡∫P“ ]¯”a
\ı¯ª¯Øz uP∫zx ˆ¡Œ˜Ø‘⁄∫. ˜©æÆ ]¯”∞h®£mh
£¯h√µ∫P¯Õ≤Æ ¬k¬zu⁄∫. §fl⁄∫ A¡∫P“ ˆh¿º¯Ø
˜{ıUQa ˆ\fl÷ ˜© v[P“ 11&BÆ {ı“ ˆh¿º¯Øz uÆ
Pmk®£ımifl Rà ˆPısk ¡¢u⁄∫. ˆh¿º∞fl ¨fl⁄ı“
Aµ\∫ CµshıÆ £Py∫ Âı uØUPÆ ˆPısh ˜£ıxÆ
A¡¯µ® ˜£µµ\∫ G⁄® §µPh⁄®£kzv⁄∫.
Pıflß∂¿ {¯hˆ£ÿ” ¶µm]¯Ø •Ë¡ı CµshıÆ
£ı‚µı¬fl uzx®§“¯Õ≤Æ B[Q˜ªØ∂hÆ ™S¢u
Av∏®v≤Æ ˆPısh {ı⁄ı\ıQ® ¡» {hzv⁄ı∫.
{ı⁄ı\ıQ®§fl £¯hUS uı¢vØı ˜uı® Gfl” ¬_¡ı\¨Æ
√µ¨Æ ˆ£ı∏¢vØ £¯hzuÕ£v u¯ª¯©® ˆ£ı÷®
57
58
˜£ÿ”ı∫. ªU˜⁄ı¬¿ A˜Øızv∞fl Aµ] Ìϵz©Pı¿
˜£PÆ ¶µm]¯Ø ¡» {hzv⁄ı∫. ©zvØ C¢vØı¬fl
·ıfl] Cµıo Cªm_™£ı¥ ¶µm]® £¯hP–USz
u¯ª¯© uı[Q⁄ı∫. A¡∫ ™Pa]”¢u C¢vØ ˜u\
£Uu∫PŒ¿ J∏¡µı¡ı∫. Bs E¯h u∂zx Dk C¯nØÿ”
√µzxh›Æ Cµıq¡ u¢vµzxh›Æ J∏ Es¯©Øı⁄
√µ¯⁄® ˜£ı¿ ¶µm]∞¿ Dk£mhı∫. A¡∫ S¡ıºØ∫
{P¯µU ¯P® £ÿ‘⁄ı∫. \ıSÆ¡¯µ ™P √µ©ıP ˜£ı∂mh
Cµıo Cªm_™£ı¥ 1858&BÆ Bsk ·¸fl v[PŒ¿
{¯hˆ£ÿ” \s¯h∞¿ ˆPı¿ª®£mhı∫.
¶µm] {h¢u \©ØÆ C¢vØı¬¿ C∏¢u B[Qª
¡µªıÿ÷ B]∂Ø∫PŒfl Tÿ÷®£i 1857¿ {h¢u ¶µm]∞¿
Dk£mh C¢vØz u¯ª¡∫PŒ¿ ™Pa]”¢u¡µıPƒÆ, √µ
™UP¡µıPƒÆ vPâu¡∫ Cµıo Cªm_™£ı¥ B¡ı∫.
˜µıQ¿Psifl u¯ª{Pµı⁄ £ˆµ¥º∞¿ £¯h√µ∫P“
¶µm]∞Ωk£mh⁄∫. A¡∫P“ ˜µıQ¿ªı £Sv∞fl u¯ª
¡¯µz u[P“ B–{µıP A‘¬zu⁄∫. ·PwËß∂fl |ª®
§µ¶ƒÆ 80 ¡Øx |µÆ§Ø¡∏©ı⁄ Pfl¡∫][ ˜©ÿS •Pı∂fl
™Pa]”¢u Cµıq¡z uÕ£vØıPz vPâuı∫.
u¯ª¡∫P–hfl ˜\∫¢x ™Pz ¯u∂Øzxhfl ¶µm]∞¿
Dk£mh B∞µUPnUPı⁄ £¯h √µ∫P–Æ, ¬¡\ı∞P–Æ
©ÿ÷Æ ¯P¬¯⁄b∫P–Æuıfl C®¶µm]∞fl Puı{ıØP∫P“.
A¡∫P“ ™S¢u √µzxhfl ¯u∂Ø©ıP® ˜£ıµıi⁄∫. ]ª
Ch[PŒ¿ \ıuıµn ©UP–Æ ¶µm]∞¿ Dk£mh⁄∫.
Es¯©∞¿ ˆ\ı¿ª® ˜£ı⁄ı¿ ¬¡\ı∞P“, ¯P
¬¯⁄b∫P“ ©ÿ÷Æ ˆ£ıx©UP“ ¶µm]∞¿ £[S
ˆ£ÿ”uı¿ A®¶µm]US AvP ¡º¯© QmiØx. Au⁄ı¿
¶µm] ©UP“ ¶µm]ØıP ¶PÈ£ÿ”x. G¤›Æ
B[Q˜ªØ∂fl w¬µ AhUS ¨¯”Øı¿ A®¶µm]
ˆ¡ÿ‘ˆ£” ¨iØı©¿ ˜uı¿¬≤ÿ”x.
¶µm]∞fl ˜uı¿¬UPı⁄ Pıµn[P“ : 1857&BÆ Bsk
¶µm] £¿˜¡÷ Pıµn[PÕı¿ ˜uı¿¬Ø¯h¢ux.
59
Jÿ÷¯©∞fl¯© : ¶µm]ØıÕ∫PŒ¯h˜Ø Jÿ÷¯©∞¿¯ª.
˜u]ØÆ, Jÿ÷¯© ˜£ıfl” P∏zxUP“ ¡Õ∫a]دhØ
¬¿¯ª. ¶µm]ØıÕ∫P“ ˆ£ıx¡ı⁄ ˜{ıUPzv¯⁄U
ˆPısi∏UP¬¿¯ª. ¡[PıÕ £¯h√µ∫P“ C¯hUPıª
¨PªıØ® ¶P¯« ´skÆ ˆPısk¡µ Gso⁄∫. {ı⁄ı
\ıQ®¶Æ, uı¢vØı ˜uı®¶Æ ©µızvØa ˆ\¿¡ıU¯P ´skÆ
|÷¡ ¨Øÿ]zu⁄∫. Cµıo Cªm_™£ı¥ C«¢u ufl
{ım¯h ´mP® ˜£ıµıi⁄ı∫. Akzx, C®¶µm] {ıˆh[SÆ
£µ¡¬¿¯ª. C¢vØı¬fl ¡hUS ©ÿ÷Æ ©zvØ £SvPŒ¿
©mk˜© ¶µm] {¯hˆ£ÿ”x. ¨Æ¯£, £g\ı®, ]¢x,
Cµı·Ïuıfl ©ÿ÷Æ ˆufl¤¢vØı ˜£ıfl” £SvPŒ¿
A¯©v |ª¬Øx. B[Q˜ªØ∫ ^UQØ∫P“, B®Pı¤Ø∫P“
©ÿ÷Æ T∫UPıUP“ ˆPısh £¯h®§∂¬⁄∂fl ¬_¡ı\z
¯u® ˆ£ÿ”⁄∫. T∫UPı §∂ƒ ¶µm]¯Ø AhUP B[Q˜ª
Ø∏US Eu¬ØıPa ˆ\Ø¿£mhx.
{√⁄ P∏¬P“ & ˆuı»¿ ~m£ ¨¯”PŒ¿ S¯”£ık :
¶µm]∞¿ £[˜Pÿ”¿ A¿ªx √µa ˆ\Ø¿ ¶∂u¿ BQØ⁄
B[Q˜ªØ∂fl {√⁄ ˜£ı∫UP∏¬P–US DhıP¬¿¯ª.
¶µm]∞¿ £[˜Pÿ” ˆ£ıx©UPŒfl Buµƒhfl ˜£ıµıiØ
C¢vØ® £¯h√µ∫PÕı¿ {flS vmh™h®£mk J [Shfl
ˆ\تıÿ‘Ø B[Qª Cµıq¡zv¯⁄ Gv∫ˆPı“Õ ¨iØ
¬¿¯ª. £∞ÿ] ˆ£ÿ” £¯h√µ∫P–Æ, ˜u¯¡Øı⁄ ˜£ı∫U
P∏¬P–Æ uS¢u ˜{µzv¿ Q¯hUPı©¿ ˜£ı⁄uı¿ £ª
\©Ø[PŒ¿ ¶µm]ØıÕ∫P“ u[P“ ¨Øÿ]P¯ÕU ¯P¬h
˜¡siØ |¯ª Hÿ£mhx. B[Q˜ªØ∂fl ¬¯µ¡ı⁄ ˆ\Ø¿
£ıkP–USz u¢v ¨¯”≤Æ Ag\¿ uP¡¿ ¨¯”≤Æ
ˆ£∂xÆ Eu¬⁄.
u¯ª¯©® ˆ£ı÷®¶ : C¢vØ∫PŒ¯h˜Ø uSvØı⁄
u¯ª¡∫P“ Pın®£h¬¿¯ª. A¡∫P“ G∆¬u A¯©®
§¯⁄≤Æ vmhzv¯⁄≤Æ ˆ£ÿ‘∏UP¬¿¯ª. ˜©æÆ
¶µm]∞fl u¯ª¡∫P“ B[Qª® £¯hzuÕ£vP–US
Dhı⁄¡∫P–Æ A¿ª. Cµıo Cªm_™£ı≤Æ uı¢vØı
˜uı®¶Æ, {ı⁄ı \ıQ®¶Æ √µzv¿ ]”¢u¡∫P˜ÕØfl‘ {¿ª
60
uÕ£vP“ A¿ª. C÷vØıP B[Q˜ªØ∂fl Ph¿ ¡º¯©
uS¢u ˜{µzv¿ A¡∫PÕı¿ C[Qªı¢vº∏¢x £¯h Eu¬
ˆ£” Hx¡ıP A¯©¢v∏¢ux.
¶µm]∞fl ¬¯ÕƒP“ : 1. ¶µm]US®§fl B[QªU
Q«UQ¢vØ ¡oPU S ¬fl Bm] ¨iƒUS ¡¢ux,
2. C¢vØı¯¡ |∫¡QUSÆ ˆ£ı÷®§¯⁄ B[Qª Aµ˜\
˜©ÿˆPıshx, 3. J∏ ]”®¶a \mhzvfl ≠ªÆ CØUS{∫
S ƒÆ (Board of Directors) Pmk®£ımkU S ƒÆ (Board of
Control) P¯ªUP®£mh⁄. A¡ÿ‘ÿS® £vªıP C¢vØa
ˆ\ت∫ (Secretary of State for India) J∏¡∫ |Ø™UP®£mhı∫.
A¡∏US Eu¬h 15 E÷®§⁄∫P¯ÕU ˆPısh C¢vØU S 
Jfl÷ A¯©UP®£mhx, 4. C¢vØ Cµıq¡Æ ¨ ¡x©ıP
^µ¯©UP®£mhx, 5. CµUP©ÿ” ¨¯”∞¿ C¢vØ {ıkP¯Õ
C¯nzxU ˆPı“–Æ ˆPı“¯P ¯P¬h®£mhx. C¢vØ
Aµ_P¯Õ® £¯PzxU ˆPısh u¡”ı⁄ ˆ\¥¯P¯Ø
B[Q˜ªØ∫ En∫¢u⁄∫.
B[QªU Q«UQ¢vØ ¡oPUS  Bm]∞fl ¨iƒ :
1858¿ ¶µm] AhUP®£mhƒhfl C¢vØı¬¿ B[Qª Bm]
¡µªıÿ‘¿ J∏ ¶vØ PmhÆ E∏¡ı⁄x. C¢vØı
ˆuıh∫£ı⁄ B[QªU ˆPı“¯P∞¿ ¨UQØ ©ı÷u¿P“
Hÿ£mh⁄. |∫¡ıP A¯©®§æÆTh £ª ©ı÷u¿P“
Hÿ£mh⁄.
1858&BÆ ¡∏h \mh¨Æ ¬U˜hı∂Øı ˜£µµ]∞fl
§µPh⁄¨Æ : 1858&BÆ Bsk BPÏk ©ıuÆ C[Qªı¢x®
£ıµı–©fl”Æ J∏ \mhzv¯⁄ CØÿ‘Øx. Aufl£i
B[QªU Q«UQ¢vØ ¡oPU S ¬fl Bm] ¨iƒUS
¡¢ux. C¢vØ |∫¡ıPzv¯⁄ B[Qª Aµ_ ˜©ÿˆPıshx.
C¢vØı¬fl u¯ª¯© B–{∫ ¯¡]µı¥ G⁄ƒÆ
A¯«UP®£mhı∫. ¯¡]µı¥ Gfl£uÿS Aµ\®§µv|v Gfl÷
ˆ£ı∏“ BSÆ.
Aa\mhÆ CØÿ”®£mh˜£ıx C[Qªı¢¯u Bm]
ˆ\¥u¡∫ ¬U˜hı∂Øı ©Pıµıo
©PıµıoØı¡ı∫. A¡µx ˆ£Ø∂¿ J∏
61
˜£µ‘U¯P ˆ¡Œ∞h®£mhx. A¯u 1858&BÆ Bsk
{¡Æ£∫ ©ıuÆ ¨u¿ ˜uv C¢vØı¬fl u¯ª¯© B–{µı⁄
Pı¤[ §µ¶ AªPı£ızv¿ {h¢u u∫£ı∂¿ (TmhÆ)
ˆ¡Œ∞mhı∫. ˜£µµ]∞fl §µPh⁄Æ A¿ªx ˜£µ‘U¯P G⁄
A¯«UP®£mh A∆¡‘U¯P C¢vØ ©UPŒfl ©Pı\ı\⁄Æ
Gfl÷Æ P∏u®£mhx. C¢u A‘U¯P C¢vØ∫P–USa ]ª
\æ¯PP¯Õ ¡«[QØx. Aufl£i B[QªU Q«UQ¢vØ
¡oPUS  C¢vØ Aµ\∫P–hfl ˆPısi∏¢u Ehfl
£iU¯PP“ E÷vØıUP®£mh⁄. A∆¡‘U¯P C¢vØı¬fl
£«¯©Øı⁄ £s£ık, £«UP ¡«UP[P“ ©vUP®£kÆ G⁄
E÷vØŒzux. C¢vØ ©fl⁄∫P–USz uzx GkzxU
ˆPı“–Æ E∂¯© ¡«[P®£mhx. {ıi¯n®¶U ˆPı“¯P
¯P¬h®£mhx. A∆¡‘U¯P A¯⁄zx C¢vØ∫P–Æ C⁄,
ˆPı“¯P ˜¡÷£ıifl‘ P¿¬, v”¯©∞fl Ai®£¯h∞¿
Aµ_ |∫¡ıP® £oPŒ¿ ~¯«Øz uSv≤¯hØ¡∫P“
G⁄ƒÆ A‘¬zux. ˜©æÆ ¶µm]∞fl˜£ıx B[Q˜ªØ∂fl
©µnzvÿSU Pıµn©ıP C∏¢u¡∫P“ u¬µ ©ÿ”
A¯⁄¡∏USÆ |£¢u¯⁄Øÿ” ©fl¤®¶Æ ¡«[P®£mhx.
Pÿ”¿ A¯hƒP“

1. ©ın¡∫ B[Q˜ªØ∫US GvµıP {h¢u ¨¢¯uØ

¶µm]P¯Õa _miUPımh ¨i≤Æ.
2. ©ın¡∫ 1857&BÆ Bsk ˆ£∏ƶµm]UPı⁄ Aµ]Ø¿,
|∫¡ıP, ˆ£ı∏Õıuıµ, \≠P, \©Ø, Cµıq¡ ©ÿ÷Æ
Eh⁄iU Pıµn[P¯Õ |¯⁄ƒTµ ¨i≤Æ.
3. ©ın¡∫ ¶µm]∞fl ˜£ıUQ¯⁄ ¬ÕUP ¨i≤Æ.
4. ©ın¡∫ ˆ£∏ƶµm]∞fl ˜uı¿¬UPı⁄ Pıµn[P¯Õ
¬ÕUP ¨i≤Æ.
5. ©ın¡∫ ¶µm]∞fl ¬¯ÕƒP¯Õ ¬ÕUP ¨i≤Æ.
6. ©ın¡∫ ˜£µµ]∞fl §µPh⁄z¯u ¬ÕUP ¨i≤Æ.

62
 _Ø ©v®•k
I. \∂Øı⁄ ¬¯h¯Øz ˜u∫¢ˆukUPƒÆ
1. ˆufl¤¢vØı¬¿ {h¢u ¶µm]∞¿ £ı¯ÕØUPıµ∫P–USz
u¯ª¯© Hÿ”¡∫
A. Cµıo Cªm_™£ı¥ B. {ı⁄ı \ıQ®
C. ©∏x \˜Pıuµ∫P“ D. uı¢vØı ˜uı®

2. 1857¿ {h¢u ¶µm]¯Ø® £ÿ‘ B[Qª ¡µªıÿ÷ B]∂Ø∫P“

¬¡∂USÆ ¬uÆ
A. ]®£ı¥ PªPÆ B. ˆ£∏[PªPÆ
C. _u¢vµ®˜£ı∫ D. ¬ku¯ª® ˜£ıµımhÆ

3. C¢vØ® ˆ£∏ƶµm]∞fl ˜£ıx C¢vØı¬fl u¯ª¯©

B–{µıP C∏¢u¡∫
A. ˆ¡¿ˆªÏº B. h¿ˆÌÕ]
C. Pı¤[ D. Q¯Õ∆

4. CØ¢vµ[PÕı¿ Eÿ£zva ˆ\¥Ø®£mh B[Qª {ımk®

ˆ£ı∏mP“ |µÆ§ ¡»¢u ChÆ
A. B[Qª {ımka \¢¯u B. C¢vØ {ımka \¢¯u
C. A˜µ§Ø {ımka \¢¯u D. Aˆ©∂UP {ımka \¢¯u

5. ˆ£ıx Cµıq¡® £oØıÕ∫ \mhÆ ˆ¡Œ¡¢u Bsk

A. 1856 B. 1857
C. 1858 D. 1859

6. Pıflß∂¿ ¶µm]USz u¯ª¯© uı[QØ¡∫

A. {ı⁄ı\ıQ® B. Cµıo Cªm_™£ı¥
C. ©[P“ £ıs˜h D. •Ë¡ı ¨uªıÆ £ı‚µı∆

7. Pfl¡∫][ J∏
A. B]∂Ø∫ B. ]®£ı¥
C. |ª®§µ¶ D. ¯P¬¯⁄U P¯ªb∫
63
 8. ¡[PıÕzvº∏¢u £¯h√µ∫P“ RÃUPsh¡∫PŒfl
C¯hUPıª ¶P»¯⁄z v∏Æ£ƒÆ ˆPısk¡µ Gso⁄∫
A. ©µızvØ∫ B. ¨PªıØ∫
C. ^UQØ∫ D. C¢xUP“
9. Cµıo Cªm_™£ı¥ ¶µm]∞¿ Dk£mh ChÆ
A. Pıflß∫ B. ©zvØ C¢vØı
C. ªU˜⁄ı D. ˆh¿º
10. ¯¡]µı¥ Gfl£ufl ˆ£ı∏“
A. Aµ\®§µv|v B. P®£¿ u¯ª¡∫
C. £¯hzuÕ£v D. \©Øz u¯ª¡∫
II. ˜Pıimh Ch[P¯Õ |µ®¶P
1. £ı¯ÕØUPıµ∫P“ _____________ ©ÿ÷Æ _____________
BQØ Sn[PŒ¿ ]”¢x ¬Õ[Q⁄∫.
2. 1857¿ {h¢u ¶µm]¯Ø C¢vØ ¡µªıÿ÷ B]∂Ø∫P“
_____________ Gfl÷ ¡∏oUQfl”⁄∫.

3. 1857¿ {h¢u ¶µm]∞¿ ™Pa ]”¢u √µ∫PÕıP_____________

©ÿ÷Æ _____________ BQ˜Øı∫ P∏u®£mh⁄∫.
4. C¢vØ® £¯h√µ∫P–USz u[P“ \©ØÆ ©ÿ÷Æ £s£ımk
¡«UPzvfl£i _____________,_____________ ©ÿ÷Æ
_____________ BQØ¡ÿ¯”a ˆ\¥Ø u¯h ¬vUP®£mhx.

5. Cµıq¡® ˆ£ıx®£oØıÕ∫ \mhÆ C¢vØ £¯h√µ∫P“

_____________ Ph¢x £oØıÿ”z uØıµıP C∏UP
˜¡skÆ Gfl÷ ¡ÿ¶÷zvØx.
6. {ı⁄ı\ıQ§fl £¯hP¯Õ ¡»{hzva ˆ\fl”¡∫
_____________ B¡ı∫.

7. ©µızvØ∫ Bm]¯Ø ´skÆ |¯ª{ımh ¬∏ƧØ

u¯ª¡∫P“ ____________ ©ÿ÷Æ ___________ B¡ı∫P“.
8. ˆ£∏Æ ¶µm]¯Ø AhUP B[Q˜ªØ∫US Eu¬ ˆ\¥u
£¯h®§∂ƒ _____________ BSÆ.
64
 9. ¶µm]∞fl˜£ıx B[Q˜ªØ∂fl ¬¯µ¡ı⁄ ˆ\Ø¿£ık
P–US _____________ ©ÿ÷Æ ___________ ¨¯”P“ ™P
Eu¬ØıP C∏¢u⁄.
10. ¬U˜hı∂Øı ˜£µµ]∞fl A‘U¯P¯Ø _____________ §µ¶
_____________ u∫£ı∂¿ ¡ı]zuı∫.
III. §fl¡∏¡⁄¡ÿ¯”® ˆ£ı∏zxP
A
1. ˜¡ø∫ ]®£ı¥ PªPÆ && 1857
2. ˜£µUß∫ PªPÆ && ˜£µµ\∫
3. ˆ£∏ƶµm] && ·ıfl]
4. CµshıÆ £Py∫Âı && 1824
5. Cµıo Cªm_™£ı¥ && 1806
B
1. ©[P“ £ıs˜h && Pıflß∫
2. CµshıÆ £Py∫Âı && A˜Øızv
3. {ı⁄ı \ıQ® && ©zvØ C¢vØı
4. ˜£PÆ Ìϵz ©Pı¿ && ˆh¿º
5. Cªm_™£ı¥ && ˜£µUß∫
IV. _∏UP©ıP ¬¯hØŒUPƒÆ
1. £ı¯ÕØUPıµ∫P¯Õ® £ÿ‘ E©US Gfl⁄ ˆu∂≤Æ?
A¡∫PŒ¿ ]ª∫ ˆ£Ø¯µU S‘®§kP.
2. ˆ£∏ƶµm] Hÿ£h B[Q˜ªØ∂fl {ık C¯n®¶U
ˆPı“¯P G∆¬uÆ Pıµn©ı∞ÿ÷?
3. B[Qª Aµ]fl ´x C_ªı™Ø∫ Av∏®v A¯h¢u˜ufl?
4. C¢vØı¬fl ˆuı»¿P¯Õ B[Q˜ªØ∫ G∆¬uÆ
¨hUQ⁄∫?
5. C¢vØı¬¿ ˆ{\ƒz ˆuı»¿ ©¯”ØU Pıµn[P“ Øı¯¡?
65
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