University of the East - Caloocan

COLLEGE OF FINE ARTS, ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN

Department of Architecture

SY. 2022 - 2023

LOCAL AND FOREIGN CASE STUDIES OF PROPOSED

INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN 8

ARCH 4C SUBMITTED BY:

ALAGON, KATHLYNE

BUAN, NICOLE ERIKA

ESPIRITU, JOHN PATRICK

GONZALES, ANGEL ERICA M.

VILLANUEVA, ANDREI KENN

MARCH 2023
 University of the East - Caloocan

COLLEGE OF FINE ARTS, ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN

Department of Architecture

SY. 2022 - 2023

LOCAL CASE STUDIES

Project: Mactan Cebu International Airport Terminal 2

Location: Lapu-Lapu City Cebu, Philippines

Architects: Integrated Design Associates

Project Date Completion: 2018

Architectural Style:

Architectural Analysis

Cebu is known as one of the most beautiful tourist destinations in the Philippines, and it
is also home to the Philippines' most fascinating airport, the Mactan-Cebu International Airport
(MCIA). The Mactan-Cebu International Airport Terminal 2 initially served 4 million passengers
per annum (MPPA) and is expected to grow to 8 million in the next ten years. This is why the
airport is the country's second-largest.
 University of the East - Caloocan

COLLEGE OF FINE ARTS, ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN

Department of Architecture

SY. 2022 - 2023

The airport serves as the main gateway to the Central Philippine region, and the
terminal's design is intended to incorporate a resort-like ambiance while also serving as a transit
hub that impresses many travelers with its exceptional architecture. The structure is lightweight
and resilient to natural calamities, with a high-pitched glulam arched roof and low eaves to
reduce solar heat and glare.

The MCIA is a three-story structure with a departure facility on the upper floor and an
arrival facility on the ground and mezzanine floors. The check-in desk is smaller than at other
airports, which improves visibility and interaction between staff and passengers. The retail
space is about 3,000 square meters, with an 895-square-meter walk-through duty-free store.
Each large span of arches is approximately 30 meters long and made of glue-laminated timber,
which is made up of thousands of smaller wooden ribs to form a skeletal structure. Because of
its structure, it is able to create an ample space for its interior that is filled with natural sunlight
from the skylight at the apex of the roof while minimizing the allowable number of columns. The
majority of the materials used in the airport are exposed wood to make it more welcoming and
to represent the warmth and hospitality of Filipinos.
 University of the East - Caloocan

COLLEGE OF FINE ARTS, ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN

Department of Architecture

SY. 2022 - 2023

Application to the Study

Keep in mind that an airport acts as a gateway to a city while it is being built. One thing
to consider is designing one that is visually beautiful and gives a favorable impression on
travelers; it provides an initial idea of what the country has to offer or what you should look
forward to. The material selection is meant to showcase the country's architectural styles in
order to offer a feeling of place or an idea of what it's like to be in the Philippines. To reduce user
traffic and make wayfinding easy for escorting people at arrival stations, the circulation for arrival
and departure movements must be simple to map out. Making the airport more pleasant would
reduce the impact of stress on both passengers and employees, and adding vegetation to the
place will enhance a person's mood.
 University of the East - Caloocan

COLLEGE OF FINE ARTS, ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN

Department of Architecture

SY. 2022 - 2023

Project: Iloilo International Airport

Location: Iloilo Airport Access Road,Cabatuan 5031,Iloilo

Architects: Syndicated Architects

Project Status: June 14, 2007

Architectural Style: Neo-classical

Architectural Analysis

Iloilo International Airport's architecture features a modern and functional design that
combines aesthetics with functionality to create a comfortable and efficient travel experience for
passengers. The airport's architecture features several key elements, including:
 University of the East - Caloocan

COLLEGE OF FINE ARTS, ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN

Department of Architecture

SY. 2022 - 2023

Terminal Building: The airport's terminal building has a sleek and modern design that
features a combination of steel and glass, creating a transparent and open environment. The
building is designed to accommodate up to 1.2 million passengers annually and features a
two-level design with advanced facilities and systems.

Roof Design: The airport's roof design is a standout feature that provides a unique visual
identity for the airport. The roof features a wave-like design that mimics the waves of the ocean,
a nod to Iloilo's coastal location. The roof is made of lightweight aluminum and is designed to
provide natural light and ventilation to the terminal building's interior.

Landscaping: The airport's landscaping is another standout feature that enhances the
airport's overall aesthetic appeal. The airport's grounds feature a variety of native trees, plants,
and shrubs, creating a lush and natural environment that complements the building's modern
design.

Art Installations: The airport features several art installations throughout the terminal
building, creating a unique and engaging environment for passengers. The art installations are
designed to showcase Iloilo's culture and history, providing a sense of place for travelers.

Efficient Layout: The airport's layout is designed to provide efficient and streamlined
airport operations, reducing wait times and improving passenger flow. The terminal building
features a centralized security checkpoint, a spacious departure lounge, and multiple boarding
gates, ensuring that passengers can navigate the airport quickly and easily.

Application to the Study

 University of the East - Caloocan

COLLEGE OF FINE ARTS, ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN

Department of Architecture

SY. 2022 - 2023

 University of the East - Caloocan

COLLEGE OF FINE ARTS, ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN

Department of Architecture

SY. 2022 - 2023

INTERNATIONAL CASE STUDIES

Project: Incheon International Airport - Terminal 2

Location: Incheon International Airport (ICN), Gonghang-ro, Jung-gu, Incheon, South Korea

Architect: Gensler

Project Date Completion:

Architectural Style: Modern and Futuristic Design

 University of the East - Caloocan

COLLEGE OF FINE ARTS, ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN

Department of Architecture

SY. 2022 - 2023

Architecture Analysis

South Korea's Incheon International Airport is one of the most innovative airports in the
world, particularly with the robots that roam the airport guiding passengers to their flights and
the sustainable technology that has been incorporated into the building to provide an
energy-efficient and comfortable environment for users. Incheon International Airport is not just
an air transit facility; it aims to flourish in the role of an airport as a gateway to Asia and become
competitive in air transit with other remarkable airports in Asia, such as Singapore and China.

The airport features a magnificent lifestyle center, boutiques, interior green spaces,
ambient natural light, waterfalls, koi ponds, and streams, as well as amenities like VIP lounges,
a shopping and retail district, an aircraft observation deck, a transfer hotel, sculpture and
exhibition areas, as well its supporting facilities like a second airport control tower, a railway
station, parking facilities, and an airside Intra Airport Transit (IAT).

The airport's design was inspired by the Asian phoenix, which represents authority,
longevity, strength, and balance. The material selections used at the airport, including signs and
graphics, use texture and color to convey Korean culture and traditions, such as incorporating
quarried granite and traditional Korean wood in the terminal floor finish to provide passengers a
sense of place in the building.

Photovoltaic cells were built in the building envelope that capture and generate energy
for the building. As well, skylights that minimize the energy consumption and simultaneously
illuminate the interior space of the airport, resulting in comfort for the user and energy efficiency
for the building.

As part of the airport's comprehensive plan, the airport reduces air conditioning and
ventilation loads in the building by making it energy efficient by generating its own energy and
having a large number of trees and clean air, which is why the Incheon International Airport is
good enough to be known as one of the world's most advanced airports.
 University of the East - Caloocan

COLLEGE OF FINE ARTS, ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN

Department of Architecture

SY. 2022 - 2023

Application to the study

Utilizing technology must be considered in designing an airport that is advantageous to

both the building and the user. The use of solar panels reduces the building's energy
consumption and makes the building energy efficient. also incorporating technology that will
assist passengers by providing information about buildings and flights, making the airport the
most developed in comparison to the country's current airports. Making the surroundings more
pleasant for travelers by including greeneries, water features, and other outdoor interior
decorating elements not only decreases stress but also improves their airport experience.
 University of the East - Caloocan

COLLEGE OF FINE ARTS, ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN

Department of Architecture

SY. 2022 - 2023

Project: Singapore Changi International Airport

Location: Airport Boulevard, Singapore

Architects: Architect Moshe Safdie

Project Date Completion: 2019

Architectural Style: Neo Futurism

Architectural Analysis:

According to Moshe Safdie, Jewel weaves nature and commerce together, dramatically
asserting the airport as an uplifting and vibrant urban center, engaging travelers, visitors, and
residents, and echoing Singapore's reputation as "The City in the Garden”. Jewel Changi Airport
combines two environments; an intense marketplace and a paradise garden to create a new
community-centric typology as the heart, and soul, of Changi Airport.
 University of the East - Caloocan

COLLEGE OF FINE ARTS, ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN

Department of Architecture

SY. 2022 - 2023

The 135,700-square-meter public-access center houses landside airport operations, indoor

gardens and leisure attractions, retail offerings, restaurants and cafes, and hotel facilities all
under one roof. Jewel, which is directly connected to Terminal 1 as well as Terminals 2 and 3,
engages both in-transit passengers and the general public. Each of the cardinal axes—north,
south, east, and west—is reinforced by gateway gardens, which orient visitors and provide
visual connections between Jewel's internal program elements and the other airport terminals.

Jewel's geometry is based on a semi-inverted toroidal dome roof. The integrated structure and
façade system, measuring 200 meters across at its widest point and supported only
intermittently along the garden's rim, allows for a nearly column-free interior. To achieve a level
of comfort for a wide range of activities while also sustaining a diverse array of plant life within
adequate sunlight, an integrated system of glazing, static and dynamic shading, and an
innovative and efficient displacement ventilation system were required. Jewel has been granted
Singapore's GreenMark Platinum status.

Application to the Study

 University of the East - Caloocan

COLLEGE OF FINE ARTS, ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN

Department of Architecture

SY. 2022 - 2023

Project: Hamad International Airport

Location: Doha, Qatar

Architects: HOK

Project Date Completion:

 University of the East - Caloocan

COLLEGE OF FINE ARTS, ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN

Department of Architecture

SY. 2022 - 2023

Architectural Style:

Architectural Analysis

The Hamad International Airport is built on 237 million square feet of land that has been
reclaimed from the sea by the creation of an artificial peninsula, which includes two of the
longest commercial runways in the world, five piers, 41 gates, and a 90 m (295 ft) high control
tower that can be seen from all parts of the city.
Reflecting Qatari hospitality, the exceptional guest amenities incorporate a public
mosque, spacious prayer rooms, two five-star transfer hotels, 270,000 square feet duty-free
shopping, more than 30 restaurants, several lounges, quiet rooms and a QIB branch bank. The
cutting-edge wellness center features a swimming pool, gym, hydrotherapy tub, showers,
squash courts, and a spa. A comprehensive public art program showcases the works of
renowned local and international artists.

The architects valued the nation's rich cultural heritage by introducing two natural
elements that classify the panorama along the Persian Gulf: the dunes of the desert and the
waves of the ocean, which are expressed in the curved silhouette of the HIA's projecting roof
and lend rhythm and lightness to the building's design. The glass façades that wrap the
terminal's three sides reinforce this impression of lightness even more (the one on the south
corresponds to the main front, while those on the east and west have a longer length and a
slight inclination towards the outside).
 University of the East - Caloocan

COLLEGE OF FINE ARTS, ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN

Department of Architecture

SY. 2022 - 2023

Application to the Study

 University of the East - Caloocan

COLLEGE OF FINE ARTS, ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN

Department of Architecture

SY. 2022 - 2023

Project: Istanbul International Airport

Location: Arnavutköy, Istanbul Turkey

Architects: Grimshaw Architects

Project Date Completion: 2018

Architectural Style: Modern, contemporary design (and based on history of istanbul)

 University of the East - Caloocan

COLLEGE OF FINE ARTS, ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN

Department of Architecture

SY. 2022 - 2023

Architectural Analysis:

Istanbul International Airport is considered as one of Europe's finest airports and has
received numerous awards for its design and facilities. In addition, it has been awarded with the
title of Digital Transformation Award by the Airports Council International (ACI) as it is part of the
16th ACI Europe Awards. It comes in recognition of the airport's digital transformation and
technological innovation. It also promised to be the most digitally advanced airport in the world.

This airport focused on mobility-oriented, innovative technological services, such as

e-passport gates, smart translation service, mobile application, smart security, robots, and smart
parking. Aside from that, the airport is also committed to sustainability. According to research,
this airport is one of the 238 airports that have made the ACI Europe 2050 Net Zero
Commitment. They have collaborated with Turkish Fuel System for SAF usage since March
2022, with the consistently using Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) twice a week, their priority
goal is to produce and spread with the use of SAF at Istanbul Airport to reduce their carbon
footprint. Furthermore, Istanbul Airport has taken several measures to reduce its electricity
consumption with the use of energy efficient mechanical equipment, efficient lighting fixtures, as
well as their energy efficient facade design. It stated that the energy consumption of this airport
was reduced by over 22%.

When it comes to the architectural design, the exterior design of Istanbul International
Airport is a grand gateway to Istanbul and Turkey which captures the rich cultural influences of
the historic city. Same as the interior design, the color, pattern, it includes the vaulted ceiling
pierced with skylights that diffuse natural light.
 University of the East - Caloocan

COLLEGE OF FINE ARTS, ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN

Department of Architecture

SY. 2022 - 2023

Application to the Study

Applying the culture of the specified city that can be part of the inspiration for the
proposed International Airport where travelers and all the users can have a unique experience
and appreciate the details, pattern, color theme by converting it to architectural design in the
airport from exterior to interior. In addition to that, researchers also want to consider the
advancement of technology such as e-passport, smart parking, smart translation, smart
security, and other innovative services that can help and limit all users' satisfaction while
they are inside the airport.

The researchers also want to include the use of Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) to
reduce the carbon footprint as well as placing landscapes, vegetation in the outdoor and
indoor spaces. The proposed airport must be sustainable and energy efficient by using
efficient lighting fixtures, energy-efficient mechanical equipment, as well as in designing
the facade that can also be efficient with the use of natural light such as skylight. Another point
to consider is the waste management and water management system by using the
water-saving batteries and reservoir for the water efficiency.

Entrance -

Runways -
 University of the East - Caloocan

COLLEGE OF FINE ARTS, ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN

Department of Architecture

SY. 2022 - 2023

Facilities & Services -

Connectivity -

REFERENCES OF ISTANBUL AIRPORT:

Istanbul Airport Parking - Prices & Parking Services (istanbul-international-airport.com)

Istanbul Airport Concept Architecture – Projects – GRIMSHAW

Turkey: Five fascinating things about the new Istanbul Airport | Architectural Digest India

Istanbul Airport Parking | ParkVia

Smart Airports: How Istanbul Airport Is Leading The Way (simpleflying.com)

Making Aviation More Sustainable - Istanbul Airport (internationalairportreview.com)

Enhancing environmental sustainability and energy efficiency of İGA Istanbul Airport

(internationalairportreview.com)

Istanbul Airport: A unique experience for every user | Airlines. (iata.org)Istanbul Airport:
A unique experience for every user | Airlines. (iata.org)

Istanbul International Airport (IST) | The New Istanbul Airport

(istanbul-international-airport.com)

Making Aviation More Sustainable - Istanbul Airport (internationalairportreview.com)

https://www.internationalairportreview.com/article/173040/istanbul-airport-digital-transfor
mation/
 University of the East - Caloocan

COLLEGE OF FINE ARTS, ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN

Department of Architecture

SY. 2022 - 2023

https://www.istanbul-airport.com/istanbul/terminal.php

https://www.designboom.com/architecture/aecom-pininfarina-air-traffic-control-tower-ista
nbul-new-airport-10-30-2018/

https://www.airport-technology.com/projects/istanbul-new-airport-black-sea-coast/

https://www.architecturaldigest.in/content/istanbul-airport-design-turkey-travel/

https://www.dezeen.com/2014/04/16/grimshaw-unveils-worlds-largest-airport-terminal-un
der-one-roof-for-istanbul/

https://grimshaw.global/projects/aviation/istanbul-new-airport/#:~:text=The%20design%2
0draws%20on%20the,with%20clear%20lines%20of%20sight.
 University of the East - Caloocan

COLLEGE OF FINE ARTS, ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN

Department of Architecture

SY. 2022 - 2023

Reference

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