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Word Portrait 2 - Ch3 - Ch4 - Rev4
Word Portrait 2 - Ch3 - Ch4 - Rev4
𝛿𝐿𝑎𝑔𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 𝜃𝑆 − 𝜃𝑅 ; 𝛿𝐿𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 𝜃𝑅 − 𝜃𝑆
𝜃𝑆 = 𝛿𝐿𝑎𝑔𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑔 + 𝜃𝑅 ⟹ 𝜃𝑆 = 4.251° + 18° ⟹ 𝜃𝑆 = 22.251°
3.7
|𝑉𝑆 | − |𝑉𝑅 | |𝑉𝑆 | − |𝑉𝑅 |
%𝑉𝑅𝑒𝑔 = ( ) × 100; %𝑉𝑅𝑒𝑔 = ( ) × 100
|𝑉𝑅 | |𝑉𝑆 |
|𝑉𝑆 | − |𝑉𝑅 | 27,341.660 − 24,000
%𝑉𝑅𝑒𝑔 = ( ) × 100 ⟹ %𝑉𝑅𝑒𝑔 = ( ) × 100 ⟹ %𝑉𝑅𝑒𝑔 = 13.924%
|𝑉𝑅 | 24,000
𝑃𝑂𝑢𝑡 𝑃𝑂𝑢𝑡
%𝜂 = ( ) × 100; %𝜂 = ( ) × 100
𝑃𝐼𝑛 𝑃𝑂𝑢𝑡 + 𝑃𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠
𝑉𝑅 𝐼𝑅 cos(𝜃𝑅 ) 5,750,000
%𝜂 = ( ) × 100 ⟹ %𝜂 = ( ) × 100 ⟹ %𝜂 = 82.148%
(𝑉𝑅 𝐼𝑅 cos(𝜃𝑅 )) + (2(𝐼𝑅 2 )𝑅𝐿 ) 5,750,000 + (2(251.9122 )9.845)
𝑃 𝑃 𝑃
𝑃 = √3𝑉𝐿 𝐼𝐿 cos(𝜃) ⟹ = 𝐼𝐿 cos(𝜃) ⟹ = 𝐼𝐿 ⟹ = 𝐼𝐿
√3 × 𝑉𝐿 √3 × 𝑉𝐿 × cos(𝜃) √3 × 𝑉𝐿 × 𝑃. 𝐹.
𝑉𝐿 = 𝑉𝑅
𝑃𝑅 5,750,000
𝐼𝑅 = ⟹ 𝐼𝑅 = ⟹ 𝐼𝑅(Line) = 145.442 A
√3 × 𝑉𝑅 × 𝑃. 𝐹. √3 × 24,000 × cos(18°)
−1 (𝑃. ) −1(0.951)
𝜃𝑅 = cos 𝐹. ⟹ 𝜃𝑅 = cos ⟹ 𝜃𝑅 = 18° Lagging ⟹ 𝜃𝑅 = −18.01° ⟹ 𝜃𝑅 ≈ −18°
3.2
𝑍55kmSpec = 𝑅𝐿 + 𝑗𝑋𝐿 ⟹ 𝑍55kmSpec = (0.179 × 55) + 𝑗(0.212 × 55) ⟹ 𝑍55kmSpec = 9.845 + 𝑗11.66 Ω
3.3
𝑍55kmSpec = 𝑅𝐿 + 𝑗𝑋𝐿 ⟹ 𝑍55kmSpec = 𝑟𝑍55kmSpec ∠𝜃𝑍55kmSpec
𝑟𝑍55kmSpec = √(𝑅𝐿 )2 + (𝑋𝐿 )2 ⟹ 𝑟𝑍55kmSpec = √(9.845)2 + (11.66)2 ⟹ 𝑟𝑍55kmSpec = 15.26 Ω
3.4
𝑋𝐿 11.66
𝜃𝑍55kmSpec = tan−1 ( ) ⟹ 𝜃𝑍55kmSpec = tan−1 ( ) ⟹ 𝜃𝑍55kmSpec = ∠49.82° Ω
𝑅𝐿 9.845
𝑍55kmSpec = 9.845 + 𝑗11.66 Ω ⟹ 𝑍55kmSpec = 15.26∠49.82° Ω
𝐼𝐿 = 𝐼𝑃 = 𝐼𝑅
Phase
24,000∠0°
𝑉𝑆 = 𝑉𝐿 + 𝑉𝑅 ⟹ 𝑉𝑆 = (𝐼𝐿 𝑍𝐿 ) + 𝑉𝑅 ⟹ 𝑉𝑆 = (𝐼𝑅 𝑍𝐿 ) + 𝑉𝑅 ⟹ 𝑉𝑆 = (145.442∠ − 18° × 15.26∠49.82°) + ( )
√3
𝑉𝑆 = 𝑉𝐿 + 𝑉𝑅 ⟹ 𝑉𝑆 = (𝐼𝐿 𝑍𝐿 ) + 𝑉𝑅 ⟹ 𝑉𝑆 = (𝐼𝑅 𝑍𝐿 ) + 𝑉𝑅 ⟹ 𝑉𝑆 = (145.442∠ − 18° × 15.26∠49.82°) + (13,856.406∠0°)
𝑉𝑆 = 𝑉𝐿 + 𝑉𝑅 ⟹ 𝑉𝑆 = 2,219.445∠31.82° + 13,856.406∠0° ⟹ 𝑉𝑆 = (1,885.882 + 𝑗1,170.208) + (13,856.406 + 𝑗0)
𝑉𝑆 = 15,742.288 + 𝑗1,170.208 V ⟹ 𝑉𝑆 = 15,785.722∠4.251° V
หมายเหตุ: การแสดงวิธีทาใช้ตัวเลขทศนิยม 3 ตาแหน่งจากเครื่องคิดเลขที่ปัดเศษเรียบร้อยแล้ว
ส่วนในกรณีทาข้อสอบถ้าไม่โจทย์ไม่ได้กาหนดให้แสดงการคานวณ สามารถกดและใช้คาตอบสุดท้ายที่ปัดเศษทศนิยม 3 ตาแหน่งมาแทนค่าได้เลย
3.5.1Phase
𝑉𝑆 = Real𝑆 + 𝑗Img 𝑆 ⟹ 𝑉𝑆 = 𝑟𝑆 ∠𝛿𝐿𝑎𝑔𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑔
𝑟𝑆 = √(Real𝑆 )2 + (Img 𝑆 )2 ⟹ 𝑟𝑆 = √(15,742.288)2 + (1,170.208)2 ⟹ 𝑟𝑆 = 15,785.722 V
3.5.2Phase
Img 𝑆 1,170.208
𝛿𝐿𝑎𝑔𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑔 = tan−1 ( ) ⟹ 𝛿𝐿𝑎𝑔𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑔 = tan−1 ( ) ⟹ 𝛿𝐿𝑎𝑔𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 4.251° V
Real𝑆 15,742.288
𝑉𝑆 = 15,742.288 + 𝑗1,170.208 V ⟹ 𝑉𝑆 = 15,785.722∠4.251° V
𝑉𝑆 = √3 × 15,785.722∠4.251° V ⟹ 𝑉𝑆 = 27,341.673∠4.251° V
𝛿𝐿𝑎𝑔𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 𝜃𝑆 − 𝜃𝑅 ; 𝛿𝐿𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 𝜃𝑅 − 𝜃𝑆
𝜃𝑆 = 𝛿𝐿𝑎𝑔𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑔 + 𝜃𝑅 ⟹ 𝜃𝑆 = 4.251° + 18° ⟹ 𝜃𝑆 = 22.251°
3.7
|𝑉𝑆 | − |𝑉𝑅 | |𝑉𝑆 | − |𝑉𝑅 |
%𝑉𝑅𝑒𝑔 = ( ) × 100; %𝑉𝑅𝑒𝑔 = ( ) × 100
|𝑉𝑅 | |𝑉𝑆 |
|𝑉𝑆 | − |𝑉𝑅 | 27,341.673 − 24,000
%𝑉𝑅𝑒𝑔 = ( ) × 100 ⟹ %𝑉𝑅𝑒𝑔 = ( ) × 100 ⟹ %𝑉𝑅𝑒𝑔 = 13.924%
|𝑉𝑅 | 24,000
𝑃𝑂𝑢𝑡 𝑃𝑂𝑢𝑡
%𝜂 = ( ) × 100; %𝜂 = ( ) × 100
𝑃𝐼𝑛 𝑃𝑂𝑢𝑡 + 𝑃𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠
𝑉𝑅 𝐼𝑅 cos(𝜃𝑅 ) 5,750,000
%𝜂 = ( ) × 100 ⟹ %𝜂 = ( ) × 100 ⟹ %𝜂 = 93.246%
(𝑉𝑅 𝐼𝑅 cos(𝜃𝑅 )) + (2(𝐼𝑅 2 )𝑅𝐿 ) 5,750,000 + (2(145.4422 )9.845)
Phasor diagram of end condenser for medium transmission line (length 80 km up to 240 km)
1.962m
12m
10.038m
4.1
1m2 = 1000000mm2 ; 1cm2 = 100mm2
3.2cm2 = 3.2 × 100mm2 ⟹ 3.2cm2 = 320mm2
𝜋𝑑 2 320 × 4
320mm2 = ⟹ √( ) = 𝑑𝐷𝑖𝑎.𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒 ⟹ 𝑑𝐷𝑖𝑎.𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒 = 20.185mm
4 𝜋
4.2
𝑊𝑊𝑖𝑛𝑑 = 0.45𝑉𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑 2 𝑑𝐷𝑖𝑎.𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒 × 10−5
𝐴×4
𝑊𝑊𝑖𝑛𝑑 = 0.45 × (2.15)2 × (√( )) × 10−5 ⟹ 𝑊𝑊𝑖𝑛𝑑 = 0.45 × (2.15)2 × 20.185 × 10−5 ⟹ 𝑊𝑊𝑖𝑛𝑑 = 4.198 × 10−4 kg/m
𝜋
20m
24.128m
4.128m
27.946m
62.222m
87.778m 212.222m
25.872m 25.872m
4.1
1m2 = 1000000mm2 ; 1cm2 = 100mm2
2.2cm2 = 2.2 × 100mm2 ⟹ 2.2cm2 = 220mm2
𝜋𝑑 2 220 × 4
220mm2 = ⟹ √( ) = 𝑑𝐷𝑖𝑎.𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒 ⟹ 𝑑𝐷𝑖𝑎.𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒 = 16.737mm
4 𝜋
4.3
𝑊𝑇𝑜𝑡 = √(𝑊𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒 + 𝑊𝑊𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 + 𝑊𝑆𝑛𝑜𝑤 )2 + 𝑊𝑊𝑖𝑛𝑑 2 ⟹ 𝑊𝑇𝑜𝑡 = √(1.029 kg/m + 0.32 kg/m + 0.15 kg/m)2 + (3.482 × 10−4 )2 kg/m
𝑊𝑇𝑜𝑡 = 1.499 kg/m ⟹ 𝑊𝑇𝑜𝑡 ≈ 1.5 kg/m
4.4
𝑇𝐵 𝑇𝐵 1,090.092 kg/cm2
𝑆𝑎𝑓𝑒𝑡𝑦 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = ⟹ 𝑇𝑊 = ⟹ 𝑇𝑊 = ⟹ 𝑇𝑊 = 363.364 kg/cm2
𝑇𝑊 𝑆𝑎𝑓𝑒𝑡𝑦 𝐹𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 3
4.5
𝑇 = 𝑇𝑊 × 𝐴 ⟹ 𝑇 = 636.364 kg/cm2 × 2.2 cm2 ⟹ 𝑇 = 1,400 kg
4.6
𝐿 (|∆ℎ|)𝑇 𝐿 (|∆ℎ|)𝑇
𝑋1 = ( ) − ( ) ; 𝑋2 = ( ) + ( )
2 𝑊𝑇𝑜𝑡 𝐿 2 𝑊𝑇𝑜𝑡 𝐿
𝐿 (|∆ℎ|)𝑇 300 (|ℎ𝐴 − ℎ𝐵 |)𝑇 300 (|30 − 50|) × 1,400 kg
𝑋1 = ( ) − ( ) ⟹ 𝑋1 = ( )−( ) ⟹ 𝑋1 = ( )−( )
2 𝑊𝑇𝑜𝑡 𝐿 2 𝑊𝑇𝑜𝑡 𝐿 2 1.5 kg/m × 300m
20 × 1,400
𝑋1 = 150 − ( ) ⟹ 𝑋1 = 87.778 m
450
𝐿 (|∆ℎ|)𝑇 300 (|ℎ𝐴 − ℎ𝐵 |)𝑇 300 (|30 − 50|) × 1,400 kg
𝑋2 = ( ) + ( ) ⟹ 𝑋2 = ( )+( ) ⟹ 𝑋2 = ( )+( )
2 𝑊𝑇𝑜𝑡 𝐿 2 𝑊𝑇𝑜𝑡 𝐿 2 1.5 kg/m × 300m
20 × 1,400
𝑋2 = 150 + ( ) ⟹ 𝑋2 = 212.222 m
450
𝐿 = 𝑋1 + 𝑋2 ⟹ 𝐿 = 87.778 + 212.222 ⟹ 𝐿 = 300 m
4.7
𝑊𝑇𝑜𝑡 × 𝑋1 2 1.5 kg/m × 87.7782
𝑑1 = ⟹ 𝑑1 = ⟹ 𝑑1 = 4.128 m
2×𝑇 2 × 1,400 kg
𝑑2 = |∆ℎ| + 𝑑1 ⟹ 𝑑2 = (|30 − 50|) + 4.128 ⟹ 𝑑2 = 24.128 m
หรือ
𝑊𝑇𝑜𝑡 × 𝑋2 2 1.5 kg/m × 212.2222
𝑑2 = ⟹ 𝑑2 = ⟹ 𝑑2 = 24.126 m
2×𝑇 2 × 1,400 kg
4.8
𝑊𝑇𝑜𝑡 × 𝑋𝑃 2 𝑊𝑇𝑜𝑡 × 𝑋𝑃 2
𝑑𝑃 = (|ℎ𝐴 − 𝑑1 |) + ( ) ; 𝑑𝑃 = (|ℎ𝐵 − 𝑑2 |) + ( )
2×𝑇 2×𝑇
กรณีใช้ 𝑑1 กับ 𝑋1
2
𝐿
1.5 kg/m × (( ) − 𝑋1 )
𝑊𝑇𝑜𝑡 × 𝑋𝑃 2 2
𝑑𝑃 = (|ℎ𝐴 − 𝑑1 |) + ( ) ⟹ 𝑑𝑃 = (|30 − 4.128|) +
2×𝑇 2 × 1,400 kg
( )
2
300
1.5 kg/m × (( ) − 87.778)
2
𝑑𝑃 = (|30 − 4.128|) +
2 × 1,400 kg
( )
1.5 kg/m × 62.2222
𝑑𝑃 = 25.872 + ( ) ⟹ 𝑑𝑃 = 27.946 m
2 × 1,400 kg
หรือ กรณีใช้ 𝑑2 กับ 𝑋2
2
𝐿
2 1.5 kg/m × (𝑋2 − ( ))
𝑊𝑇𝑜𝑡 × 𝑋𝑃 2
𝑑𝑃 = (|ℎ𝐵 − 𝑑2 |) + ( ) ⟹ 𝑑𝑃 = (|50 − 24.128|) +
2×𝑇 2 × 1,400 kg
( )
2
300
1.5 kg/m × (212.222 − ( ))
2
𝑑𝑃 = (|30 − 4.128|) +
2 × 1,400 kg
( )
1.5 kg/m × 62.2222
𝑑𝑃 = 25.872 + ( ) ⟹ 𝑑𝑃 = 27.946 m
2 × 1,400 kg