[CUÜKI@JN KFI@XN[@NON MC XCOC\SCIN

D@O@Z]C[@F MCI UFMC[ UN[N IN MCHCOZN
X@JCD@O@Z][F MC CMSJNJ@ÚO UN[N IN MCHCOZN
SO@XC[Z@MNM D@I@]N[ KFI@XN[@NON MC XCOC\SCIN
NJNMCD@N D@I@]N[ BSN[M@N ONJ@FONI KFI@XN[@NON
M@X@Z@ÚO NJNMÀD@JN

UINO MC NJ]@X@MNMCZ ZFJ@NICZ MCI JFDNOMF ONJ@FONI

BSN[M@N MCI USCKIF CO U[F MC IN N[]@JSINJ@ÚO ZFJ@NI
JFO IFZ JFOZCLFZ JFDSONICZ UN[N IN U[CXCOJ@ÚO P
JFO][FI MC ZCBS[@MNM, IFZ ]C^SCZ CZ]NMF D@[NOMN.

<
 NscsfrnDctfmfiúb`jn<
 NscsfrnDctfmfiúb`jn<  NIH [fmräbucz Xciîzqucz
Xciîzqucz Gcyocta Lfs
Lfsc
c

Mrn. Dnr`tzn Kr`tf

J@< ;2.:5:.1=;

Jnrnjns Fjtukrc ;5;5

 

[CUÜKI@JN KFI@XN[@NON MC XCOC\SCIN

D@O@Z]C[@F MCI UFMC[ UN[N IN MCHCOZN
X@JCD@O@Z][F MC CMSJNJ@ÚO UN[N IN MCHCOZN
SO@XC[Z@MNM D@I@]N[ KFI@XN[@NON MC XCOC\SCIN
NJNMCD@N D@I@]N[ BSN[M@N ONJ@FONI KFI@XN[@NON
M@X@Z@ÚO NJNMÀD@JN

UINO MC NJ]@X@MNMCZ ZFJ@NICZ MCI JFDNOMF ONJ@FONI

BSN[M@N MCI USCKIF CO U[F MC IN N[]@JSINJ@ÚO ZFJ@NI
JFO IFZ JFOZCLFZ JFDSONICZ UN[N IN U[CXCOJ@ÚO P
JFO][FI MC ZCBS[@MNM, IFZ ]C^SCZ CZ]NMF D@[NOMN.
.
(@OHF[DC ]ÎJ]@JF)
(@ohfrdc ]îjt`jf prcscotnmf murnotc ci Inpsf Njnmàd`jf ;5;5-;5;> jfdf
[cqu`s`tf pnrn fptnr ci tätuif mc I`j. Co J`coj`ns y Nrtcs D`i`tnrcs fpj`úo
Bunrm`n Onj`foni, Dcoj`úo Nmd`o`strnj`úo Uüki`jn).

 NscsfrnDctfmfiúb`jn<
 NscsfrnDctfmfiúb`jn<  NIH [fmräbucz Xciîzqucz
Xciîzqucz Gcyocta Lfs
Lfsc
c
Mrn. Dnr`tzn Kr`tf
J@< ;2.:5:.1=;

Jnrnjns, Fjtukrc ;5;5

 

@O][FMSJJ@FO

In Bunrm`n Onj`foni Kfi`vnr`non cs uof mc ifs jfdpfocotcs quc

jfohfrdno in Hucrzn Nrdnmn Onj`foni Kfi`vnr`non. Huomnmn ci = mc
nbfstf
nbfstf mc >0:
>0:2
2 pf
pfrr ci prcs`m
prcs`mcot
cotc
c Cic
Cicnz
nznr
nr Iúp
Iúpcz
cz jfo
jfotrc
trcrns
rns.. Ufs
Ufscc
cc
prcs
prcsco
coj`
j`n
n co tf
tfmf
mf ci tc
tcrr
rr`tf
`tfr`f
r`f on
onj`
j`fo
foni
ni n trn
trnvà
vàss mc su
suss m`
m`st
st`o
`otf
tfss
jfdn
jfdnom
omfs
fs y uo
uo`m
`mnm
nmcs
cs,, m`v`
m`v`m`
m`mf
mfss co tfmn
tfmnss in
inss nà
nàrc
rcns
ns tcrr
tcrrcs
cstr
trcs
cs,,
dnrät`dns y nàrcns. M`jans uo`mnmcs t`coco in d`s`úo mc prcscrvnr ci
frmc
frmco
o `o
`otc
tcro
rof
f mc in onj`
onj`úo
úo,, co npfy
npfyf
f mc sc
scbu
bur`
r`mn
mnm
m j`
j`v`
v`ic
icss mc in
inss
rcpü
rcpüki
ki`j
`jns
ns y co npfy
npfyf
f n ft
ftrf
rfss jfdp
jfdpfo
foco
cotc
tcss mc in HN
HNOK
OK co uo
uon
n
s`tunj`úo co jr`s`s.
Mcotrf mc cstn pcrspcjt`vn, prcj`sn rcni`znr uo `ohfrdc tîjt`jf
mfomc sc v`suni`jc tfmns ins cstrntcb`ns quc mckc `dpicdcotnr y quc
mckc pfsccr cstn uo`mnm pnrn pcrd`t`r n in Bunrm`n Mc Uuckif dcm`notc
sus njj
njj`fo
`focs
cs jäv
jäv`jf
`jf d`i
d`i`tn
`tnrr dfs
dfstrn
trnrr uon
uon cst
cstrnt
rntcb`
cb`n
n jfohfr
jfohfrdnm
dnmn
n pfr 
njt`v`mnmcs mc äomfics sfj`ni, jfduoni pnrn in prcvcoj`úo y jfotrfi mc
scbur`
scbur`mn
mnm
m y co ftrns îrcns n ifs chcjt
chcjt`vf
`vfss mc in uo
uo`mn
`mnm
m bunrm`
bunrm`n
n mc
mcii
puckif. I`jcf D`i`tnr ’Jnp`tîo Ucmrf Dnrän Fjafn Dfrnics—. Ifs ]cqucs.
rcb`
rcb`d`
d`co
cotf
tf d`rno
d`rnomn
mn.. cs
cstn
tnmf
mf d`
d`rn
rnom
omn
n y qu
quc
c cs
cstf
tfss `d
`dpn
pnjt
jtco
co n in
inss
jfduo`mnmcs jcrjnon n in uo`mnm.
  Zcbüo ins jfos`mcrnj`focs notcr`frcs cstc t`pf mc `o`j`nt`vn, nmcdîs
mc prcvco`r juniqu`cr njtf mci`jt`vf, prfp`j`n uo ndk`cotc mc pnz y
trnoq
trnoqu`
u`i`i`mn
mnm
m co in j`um
j`umnm
nmno
noän
än.. Cs `d
`dpf
pfrtn
rtnot
otc
c rcsn
rcsnitn
itnrr qu
quc
c cs
cstn
tnss
njt`v`mnmcs sc rcni`znrno co ci judpi`d`cotf mc in d`s`úo y huoj`focs mci
Jfdnomf Onj`foni Bunrm`n mci Uuckif.
In iujan jfotrn @n `oscbur`mnm cs uo cshucrzf j`jiúpcf, co ci quc
sc mckco jfohiu`r tfmfs ifs scjtfrcs mc @n v`mn onj`foni. Cs uon kntniin
quc sc mckc scbu`r mnomf jnmn män jfo dnyfr ch`j`coj`n, jfotrn ci
 

Andpn, jfotrn @n `oscbur`mnm, pcrf dîs quc uon bucrrn jfotrn ci andpn,
cs jfotrn uon juiturn `ojiusf7 cstf iicbú n tfjnr @n dcmuin mc @n juiturn, cs
@n juiturn mc @n v`ficoj`n sc mckc `os`st`r co iindnr n tfmfs ifs scjtfrcs, y
mcsmc ci Bfk`crof sfo ifs quc if t`coco ndpi`ns pfs`k`i`mnmcs pnrn fär 
jrät`jns.
In uo`mnm Bunrm`n mci Uuck
Uuckif.
if. i`jcf d`i`tnr
d`i`tnr ’Jnp
’Jnp`tîo
`tîo Ucmrf Dnrän
Fjafn Dfrnics—sc cojucotrn uk`jnmn co in nvco`mn Xäjtfr knt`stn, i`jcf
d`i`tnr jnp`tîo (h) Ucmrf dnrän Fjafn Dfrnics, rndf vcrmc. Mcstnjndcotf
ifs ]cqucs
]cqucs.. [cb`d`
[cb`d`cot
cotf
f D`rnomn
D`rnomnmc
mcii Jf
Jfdno
dnomf
mf Onj
Onj`fo
`foni
ni Bun
Bunrm`
rm`n
n mci
Uuckif. Ifs ]cqucs mci Cstnmf Kfi`vnr`nof mc D`rnomn.
In Bunr
Bunrm`
m`n
n mci
mci Uu
Uuck
ckif
if cs uo
uon
n uo
uo`m
`mnm
nm mc in Bunr
Bunrm`
m`n
n On
Onj`
j`fo
foni
ni
Kfi`i`vn
Kf vnr`
r`no
non,
n, ju
juyn
yn d`
d`s`
s`úo
úo pr
pr`o
`oj`
j`pn
pnii cs in nrt`
nrt`ju
juin
inj`
j`úo
úo sf
sfj`
j`ni
ni jfo
jfo in
inss
jfduo`mnmcs, cspcj`nidcotc mc in dnof jfo ifs jfosclfs jfduonics mc
jnmn uof mc ifs cstnmfs mc Xcoczucin jfo in h`oni`mnm mc prcvco`r in
`oscbu
`oscbur`m
r`mnm
nm y ins nj
njt`v
t`v`mn
`mnmcs
mcs mc njj`
njj`úo
úo mci`o
mci`ojuc
jucoj`
oj`ni,
ni, y pfs
pfscc
cc ins
Jnpn
Jnpnj`
j`mn
mnmc
mcss pnrn
pnrn ci ju
judp
dpi`i`d`
d`co
cotf
tf mc fpcr
fpcrnj
nj`f
`foc
ocss co dntc
dntcr`
r`n
n mc
scbur`mnm pnrn ci jfotrfi y rcstnkicj`d`cotf mci frmco püki`jf.
Co csc d`sdf frmco mc `mcns, in `ost`tuj`úo sc cojucotrn cohfjnmn
co judpi`r n jnkni`mnm su v`s`úo mc in Bunrm`n mci Uuckif scrî uon
`ost
`ost`t`tuj
uj`ú
`úo
o d`i`
d`i`tn
tnr,
r, hf
hfrt
rtni
nicj
cj`m
`mn,
n, rc
rcsp
spct
ctnm
nmn
n y oc
ocjc
jcsn
snr`
r`n,
n, ni scrv
scrv`j
`j`f
`f
pcrdnocotc mci puckif vcoczfinof7 fkcm`cotc y bnrnotc mc if jfosnbrnmf
co in Jfos
Jfost`t`tu
tuj`
j`úo
úo y mc
mcdî
dîss icyc
icycss mc in [cpü
[cpüki
ki`j
`jn
n Kfi`
Kfi`vn
vnr`
r`no
non
n mc
Xcoczucin, jfo uon prfycjj`úo mc jnrîjtcr uo`vcrsni.

 Nsä d`sdf tcomrî jfdf d`s`úo, Ci jfdnomf onj`foni bunrm`n mci

puck
puckif
if,, pi
pino
no`h`h`j
`jnr
nrî,
î, m`r`
m`r`b`
b`rî
rî,, nmd`
nmd`o`
o`st
strn
rnrî
rî,, jf
jfot
otrf
rfin
inrî
rî y cv
cvni
niun
unrî
rî in
inss
fpcrnj`focs m`r`b`mns n ifs prfjcsfs sfj`nics mc mcsnrrfiif jfduo`tnr`f,
pnrn `ojrcdcotnr ifs o`vcics mc scbur`mnm n ins pcrsfons y sus k`cocs,
nsä jfdf tndk`ào in jfosfi`mnj`úo mci cshucrzf jfoluotf jfohfrdc ins
pfiät`jns mc `otcbrnj`úo jfduo`tnr`n y cstrntcb`ns sfj`nics mc mchcosn y
prcv
prcvc
coj
oj`ú
`úo
o mc
mcii mci`tf
i`tf,, mc
mch`h`o
o`m
`mns
ns pfr ci cs
cstn
tnmf
mf vc
vco
ocz
czfi
fin
nofs
ofs, ci
mcst
mcstnj
njnd
ndco
cotf
tf if
ifss ]c
]cqu
qucs
cs ‚C
‚Cst
stnm
nmf
f D`
D`rn
rnom
omn
n , sc jf
jfos
ost`t`tu
tuyc
yc co in
`ost`t
`ost`tuj`
uj`úo
úo mc rch
rchcrc
crcoj`
oj`n
n pnrn
pnrn in rcs
rcsfiu
fiuj`ú
j`úo
o mc jfo
jfohi`
hi`jtf
jtfs,
s, dcm
dcm`nj
`nj`úo
`úo
 

`o
`ost
st`t`tuj
uj`f
`fon
onii y in pr
prfd
fdft
ftfr
frn
n mc njt`
njt`v`
v`mn
mnmc
mcss qu
quc
c hfrtn
hfrtnic
icjc
jc y nj
njt`v
t`vn
n in
jfoj`coj`n jficjt`vn, pnrt`j`pnj`úo j`umnmnon co prf mci kcoch`j`f.

Zcbü
Zcbüo
o in
inss jfos
jfos`m
`mcr
crnj
nj`f
`foc
ocss notc
notcr`f
r`frc
rcss cs
cstc
tc t`p
t`pf
f mc `o
`o`j
`j`n
`nt`t`vn
vn,,
nmcdîs mc prcvco`r juniqu`cr njtf mci`jt`vf, prfp`j`n uo ndk`cotc mc pnz
y trno
trnoqu
qu`i`i`m
`mnm
nm co in j`
j`um
umnm
nmno
noän
än.. Cs `d
`dpf
pfrt
rtno
notc
tc rcsn
rcsnititnr
nr qu
quc
c cs
cstn
tnss
njt`v`mnmcs sc rcni`znrno co ci judpi`d`cotf mc in d`s`úo y huoj`focs mci
Jfdnomf Onj`foni Bunrm`n mci Uuckif uk`jnmf co ci scjtfr ifs ]cqucs
Cstnmf D`rnomn, knlf in s`bu`cotc cstrujturn frbno`znt`vn<

  Unrn jfotr`ku`r jfo ci h`ci judpi`d`cotf mc in v`s`úo y huoj`focs mci

jfdnomf onj`foni bunrm`n mci puckif sc clcjutn cstc `ohfrdc tîjt`jf, cs
`dpfrtnoj`n yn quc ci d`sdf cxa`k`rî co uo pino mc njt`v`mnmcs co prf mc
in nrt`juinj`úo sfj`ni y scbur`mnm prcvcot`vn pnrn bnrnot`znr in scbur`mnm
j`umnmnon n ins jfduo`mnmcs mc Ifs ]cqucs mci Cstnmf Kfi`vnr`nof mc
D`rnomn.
Murnotc ci prfjcsf mc pnsnotäns, fkscrvnomf mctniinmndcotc sc
mctc
mctcjt
jtú
ú quc
quc cx`s
cx`stc
tco
o ni
nibu
buon
onss hn
hniiiins
ns co ju
juno
notf
tf ny
nyum
umn
n mc tfmn
tfmnss in
inss
ocjcs
ocjcs`mn
`mnmcs
mcs mc in pfkin
pfkinj`ú
j`úo,
o, mc
mck`m
k`mf
f huo
huoj`f
j`fond
ond`co
`cotf
tf mc ifs scrv`j
scrv`j`fs
`fs
 

kîs`jfs y jfinkfrnj`úo jfo in scbur`mnm mc ifs j`umnmnofs, mc tni dnocrn

quc sc jfdprfdctn jfo ci mcsnrrfiif y k`cocstnr sfj`ni mc tfmfs y jnmn
uof mc ifs j`umnmnofs quc vno mc in dnof jfo ifs jfosclfs jfduonics y
in bunrm`n mci puckif, quc i`d`tno in chcjt`v`mnm mc in njtunj`úo co su rfi
pfr hnitn mc nrt`juinj`úo sfj`ni co dntcr`n mc scbur`mnm pnrn ci jfotrfi y
rcstnkicj`d`cotf mci frmco püki`jf.

Cstc
Cstc Jf
Jfdn
dnom
omf
f yn mc
mcsp
spic
icbn
bnmf
mf co tfmn
tfmnss in
inss kn
knsc
scss mc d`
d`s`
s`fo
focs
cs
sfj`ni`stns y jfrrcmfrcs, pfr frmco mci jfdnomnotc co lchc y prcs`mcotc
jfost`tuj`foni, an tfdnmf tfmns ins njj`focs c `o`j`nt`vns ocjcsnr`ns pnrn
prcpnrnr ni puckif quc anjc v`mn co ifs jfosclfs jfduonics y mcdîs
frbno`znj`focs jfduo`tnr`ns pnrn frbno`znr brupfs mc trnknlf jfduo`tnr`f
jfo sus m`hcrcotcs jfd`tàs (snium, ni`dcotnj`úo, cmujnj`úo c `mcot`mnm
onjj`fon
on `foni,i, mc
mcpf
pfrt
rtc,
c, juit
juitur
urn,
n, scrv
scrv`j
`j`f
`fss kî
kîs`
s`jf
jfss y mc `o
`ohf
hfrd
rdnj
nj`ú
`úo
o y
jfduo`jnj`úo).
 Ufr jfos`bu`cotc sc trnknln jfo in nrt`juinj`úo sfj`ni, quc cs uon
oucvn acrrnd`cotn bcrcoj`ni npi`jnmn co ci jfotcxtf jäv`jf-d`i`tnr, in juni
pcrd`tc
pcrd`tc rcinj`f
rcinj`fonrs
onrsc
c chcj
chcjt`vnd
t`vndcotc
cotc jfo in jfduo`mnm,
jfduo`mnm, s`o cdk
cdknrbf
nrbf sc
pumf fkscrvnr co ci jfdnomf notcs dcoj`fonmf, quc cstc pfscc pfjns
njt`v`
njt`v`mnm
mnmcs
cs qu
quc
c pcrd`t
pcrd`tno
no uon chc
chcjt`
jt`vn
vn nrt`ju
nrt`juinj
inj`úo
`úo jf
jfo
o in jfduo`
jfduo`mnm
mnm
jfot`oun, i`d`tnomf n cstc jfdnomf co su D`s`úo y X`s`úo cstnkicj`mn.
Ufs`kicdcotc in s`tunj`úo notcs mcsjr`tn, sc mckn n quc, n pcsnr mc
quc in prcsco
prcscoj`n
j`n Jnstrc
Jnstrcos
osc
c cs s`bo`h
s`bo`h`jn
`jnt`v
t`vn
n y ch`
ch`j`c
j`cotc
otc pfr pnr
pnrtc
tc mci
pcrsfoni
pcrsfoni d`i`tn
d`i`tnrr pinzn
pinzn mc dcoj`f
dcoj`fonm
onmn
n So`
So`mnm
mnm,, in pn
pnrt`j
rt`j`pn
`pnj`ú
j`úo
o mc in
jfduo`mnm
jfduo `mnm ank`tnotc
ank`tnotc cs `dpfrtn
`dpfrtnotc
otc junom
junomf
f sc mcsnrr
mcsnrrfiino
fiino njt`v
njt`v`mnmc
`mnmcss
rcinj`fonmns jfo ins Hucrzns Nrdnmns, c
cspcjäh`jndcotc
spcjäh`jndcotc ins quc t`coco
quc vcr jfo in mc scbur`mnm j`umnmnon.
Ufr jfos`bu`cotc sc pfmrän mcj`r, quc s` of sc kusjno cstrntcb`ns
quc pcrd`tno in nrt`juinj`úo sfj`ni, in d`s`úo y v`s`úo cstnkicj`mn pfr cstn
uo`mnm jrcj`cotc sc vcrî cotfrpcj`mn pfr in jfduo`mnm, `bunidcotc ifs
d`sdfs of bfznräno ifs kcoch`j`fs mc uo k`cocstnr sfj`ni, tni jfdf sc
cstnkicjc co in Jfost`tuj`úo mc in [cpüki`jn Kfi`vnr`non mc Xcoczucin.
 

Mcotrf mc cstn pcrspcjt`vn, prcj`sn rcni`znr uo trnknlf dctfmfiúb`jf

mfomc sc v`suni`jc tfmns ins huoj`focs quc mckc pfsccr cstn uo`mnm quc
pcrd`t
pcrd`tn
n dcm
dcm`no
`notc
tc sus njj
njj`fo
`focs
cs jäv`j
jäv`jf
f d`i
d`i`tn
`tnrr dfs
dfstrn
trnrr uon cstr
cstrntc
ntcb`n
b`n
jfoh
jfohfr
frdn
dnmn
mn pfr
pfr nj
njt`v
t`v`m
`mnm
nmcs
cs mc äo
äomf
mfic
icss sfj`
sfj`ni
ni jf
jfdu
duon
onii y jf
jfos
oscl
clfs
fs
jfduon
jfduonics
ics pnrn
pnrn in prcvco
prcvcoj`ú
j`úo
o y jfo
jfotrf
trfii mc scb
scbur`
ur`mnm
mnm,, Ifs ]c
]cquc
qucss mci
Cstnmf Kfi`vnr`nof mc D`rnomn.
Cstc
Cstc `ohf
`ohfrd
rdc
c tî
tîjt
jt`j
`jf
f ku
kusj
sjn
n `otc
`otcrn
rnjt
jtun
unrr jf
jfo
o in oc
ocjc
jcss`m
`mnm
nm mc
`mcot`h`jnr y rcsnitnr ci rfi y ins huoj`focs quc prcstn in bunrm`n mci puckif
co in nrt`juinj`úo jfo ifs jfosclfs jfduonics co cstn oucvf frmco sfj`ni
quc prcs`mc Xcoczucin mfomc in frbno`znj`focs mc jnrîjtcr sfj`ni t`coco
uo rfi prfofst`jf co in mchcosn mc onj`úo y ci mcsnrrfiif sfj`fpfiät`jf mc in
onj`úo cstc oucvf jfojcptf, sfpfrtnmf co uon oucvn pcrjcpj`úo mc uo
chcjt`vf quc of njumc n ins jfduo`mnmcs jfo in h`oni`mnm mc scr uo
nbcotc rcprcs`vf, s`of knlf in h`burn mc uo fr`cotnmfr y uon pcrsfon quc
bnrnot
bnrnot`jc
`jc quc ifs j`u
j`umn
mnmno
mnofs
fs pu
pucmn
cmno
o mcs
mcspin
pinznr
znrsc
sc i`k
i`krcd
rcdcot
cotc
c co ins
m`hcrcotcs pnrrfqu`ns". Zfo uon mc ins oucvns huoj`focs y mcstrczns quc
mckc tcocr uo ’BSN[M@N MCI USCKIF ’uo bnrnotc mc ifs mcrcjafs
audnofs y quc scn uo nrt`juinmfr sfj`ni pnrn mnric rcspucstns fpfrtuons
n ins jfduo`mnmcs.
 Ufr cstn rnzúo cs ocjcsnr`f rcni`znr uo trnknlf jfdpictf mfomc sc
mclc pinsdnmf ins huoj`focs vcrmnmcrns quc mckc pfsccr afy co män in
bunrm`n mci puckif co Xcoczucin if juni nyumnrä
rän
n co ci rfi y
mcscovfiv`d`cotf prfhcs`foni quc mcscdpcþnrn uon vcz cbrcsnmf mc in
njnm
njnmcd
cd`n
`n d`
d`i`t
i`tnr
nr mc in bu
bunr
nrm`
m`n
n on
onj`
j`fo
foni
ni kf
kfi`i`vn
vnr`
r`no
non
n jf
jfdf
df fh
fh`j
`j`n
`nii mc
jfdnomf.
In `ovcst`bnj`úo n rcni`znr sc codnrjn co in iäocn mc `ovcst`bnj`úo
mc in mc in Hucrzn Nrdnmn Onj`foni Kfi`vnr`non Xcoczucin co ci îrcn
jffpcr
jffpcrnj`
nj`úo
úo pnrn
pnrn ci dnotco
dnotco`d`
`d`cot
cotf
f mci frm
frmco
co `ot
`otcro
crof,
f, Iäo
Iäocn
cn rcj
rcjtfr
tfrn<
n<
scrv`j`fs mc npfyf ni scjtfr j`v`i, Iäocn pftcoj`ni< scbur`mnm y frmco
püki`jf Iäocn fpcrnt`vn< bunrm`n mci puckif.

Mcotrf
Mcotrf mci nij
nijno
nojc
jc f mcs
mcsnrr
nrrfiif
fiif,, cst
cstc
c trn
trnknl
knlf
f mc `ov
`ovcst
cst`bn
`bnj`ú
j`úo
o

kusjnrn rcni`znr uo nkfrmnlc s`stcdît`jf jfo ci fklct`vf pr`oj`pni mc mnr 

 

uon rcspucstn fpfrtuon n in ocjcs`mnm mc in So`mnm y nsä nudcotnr su

nprcstf fpcrnj`foni y su o`vci mc jfofj`d`cotf.
Mcotrf mc cstn pcrspcjt`vn, prcj`sn rcni`znr uo pino quc pcrd`tn n
cstn So`mnm mc in Bunrm`n mc Uuckif, m`scþnr uon cstrntcb`n jfohfrdnmn
pfr njt`v`mnmcs mc äomfics sfj`ni jfduoni, pnrn hfrtnicjcr in nrt`juinj`úo
sfj`ni jfo ins jfduo`mnmcs mc ifs ]cqucs Cstnmf D`rnomn.
Jfo rcspcjtf n ins i`d`tnj`focs cojfotrnmns pnrn mcsnrrfiinr in
tcdît`jn scicjj`fonmn sc pucmco dcoj`fonr in hnitn mc `ohfrdnj`úo mci
tcdn mck`mf n quc cs mci`jnmf ci îdk`tf mfomc sc mcsnrrfiiú y of cs duy
jfdüo
jfdüo o` oftfr`
oftfr`n
n in rcni`z
rcni`znj`
nj`úo
úo mc cs
cstc
tc t`p
t`pf
f mc prf
prfpuc
pucstn
stn.. Ci kfjctf
kfjctf y
prfmujj`úo mc m`jaf pino mc njt`v`mnmcs jfost`tu`rîo uo nvnojc prfmujt`vf
y cvfiut`vf pnrn in nrt`juinj`úo sfj`ni y scbur`mnm prcvcot`vn quc judpic
in bunrm`n mci puckif co prf mc bnrnot`znr in scbur`mnm j`umnmnon co ins
jfduo`mnmcs mc ifs ]cqucs Cstnmf D`rnomn.
 

MCZN[[FIIF ]CDÎ]@JF

In prcscotc `ovcst`bnj`úo sc jcotrnrn co `omnbnr ifs o`vcics mc

nrt`juinj`úo sfj`ni mc in bunrm`n mci puckif, pcrtcocj`cotc n So`mnm mc in
Bunrm`n mc Uuckif, ifs ]cqucs Cstnmf D`rnomn jfo ins jfduo`mnmcs
nicmnþns y su `dpnjtf n trnvàs mc in `dpicdcotnj`úo mc cstrntcb`n y
dàtfmfs mc jnrîjtcr sfj`ni quc nyumc n ifs ank`tnotcs y nsä mnr rcspucstn
fpfrtuons n ins prfkicdît`jns quc sc pucmno prcscotnr co tfmfs ifs
îdk`tfs quc nknrjn ci s`stcdn ssfj`ni
fj`ni vcoczfi
vcoczfinof.
nof.

In rcicvnoj`n mc cstn `ovcst`bnj`úo, cs quc sc jcotrni`zn co `omnbnr 

n ins oucvns frbno`znj`focs sfj`nics, ’Jfosclfs Jfduonics— ins junics
rcni`zno uo trnknlf jfduo`tnr`f n o`vci tcrr`tfr`ni, juyfs notcjcmcotcs y
cxpcr`coj`ns ano s`mf pfjf `ovcst`bnmns, sfkrc tfmf co sus rcspcjt`vfs
cspnj
cspnj`fs
`fs mc pnr
pnrt`j
t`j`pn
`pnj`ú
j`úo
o c `ot
`otcrn
crnjj
jj`úo
`úo mfo
mfomc
mc ifb
ifbrno
rno bco
bcocrn
crnrr ouc
oucvn
vnss
tc
tcdî
dît`t`jn
jns,
s, tr
trnk
nknl
nlno
no jfo ft
ftrn
rnss fr
frbn
bno`
o`zn
znj`
j`fo
focs
cs sf
sfj`
j`ni
nics
cs ku
kusj
sjno
nomf
mf
mcsnrrfiinr prfpucstns `oofvnmfrns.

 N jfot`ounj`úo, sc cstnrî `omnbnomf co ci mcsnrrfiif tcdît`jf pnrn

mnr uo puotf mc v`stn ni tcdn mcsmc m`hcrcotcs îdk`tfs y jfotcxtfs
kîs`jfs. Ci mcsnrrfiif tcdît`jf of cs dîs quc ifs m`hcrcotcs jfojcptfs y
tcdns quc vno n sustcotnr uon `ovcst`bnj`úo.

Zc cinkfrno ifs nspcjtfs tcúr`jfs quc ic mno huomndcotf n in

`ovcst`bnj`úo jfofj`mns jfdf knscs tcúr`jns trntno mc uo s`stcdn mc
jfofj
jfofj`d`c
`d`cotf
otfss frbno`
frbno`znm
znmfs,
fs, jfo ci h`o mc prf
prfhuo
huom`z
m`znr
nr co ci tcdn
tcdn mc
cstum`f.

 Ni rcspcjtf, K`squcrrn (;558), scþnin quc ins knscs tcúr`jns

’sfo uo jfoluotf mc prcjcptfs jfojcptunics quc huomndcotno
 

in `ovcst`bnj`úo mcsmc ci puotf mc v`stn tcúr`jf, ins junics

mckco cstnr rcinj`fonmns jfo ins vnr`nkics mc cstum`f—. (p. ;2)

Jnpnj`tnj`úo Mc Ucrsfoni D`i`tnr

Ifss jcot`o
If jcot`ocin
cinss `ot
`otcbr
cbrnot
notcs
cs mci Jfd
Jfdnom
nomf
f Onj`fo
Onj`foni
ni Bunrm
Bunrm`n
`n mci
Uuckif, sfo ci nbrcbnmf mc ins jnrnjtcräst`jns häs`jns y ps`jfiúb`jns mci
scr audnof, sfo csfs pr`oj`p`fs quc pcrd`tco fr`cotnr ci jfdpfrtnd`cotf,
nyum
nyumno
no n pr
prch
chcr
cr`r,
`r, nprc
nprcj`
j`nr
nr y cicb
cicb`r
`r uo
uons
ns jf
jfsn
snss co iu
iubn
bnrr mc ftrn
ftrns,
s,
pcrd`t`comf dnotcocr ci cqu`i`kr`f co in sfj`cmnm y in jfov`vcoj`n7 co
jfoscjucoj`n, sc anjc `ocium`kic quc qu`cocs `otcbrco cstc jucrpf d`i`tnr 
sc jnpnj`tco män n män co nrns mci jfotnjtf jfo ci puckif pnrn n su vcz
kr`omnr npfyf n in jfduo`mnm, mc `buni hfrdn bnrnot`znr scbur`mnm y
k`cocstnr n in jfduo`mnm. Ufr ciif co su dnyfr cshucrzf pnrn crrnm`jnr
`om`v`mufs f knomns mci`jt`vns mc jnmn jfduo`mnm, mc cstn dnocrn
`otcotnomf jrcnr pinocs mc njt`v`mnmcs hfrdnt`vns, juiturnics y rcjrcnt`vns
dcm`notc prfbrndns mcpfrt`vfs, rcjrcnj`fonics, juiturnics jfo ài puckif
pnrn mc cstn dnocrn jfdknt`r ci fj`f y ifs v`j`fs jfduocs.

So`úo jäv`jf-d`i`tnr 
Cs in ac
acrrn
rrnd`
d`co
cotn
tn pnrn
pnrn tr
trno
nosh
shcr
cr`r
`r pf
pfmc
mcrr ni pu
puck
ckif
if sf
sfkc
kcrn
rnof
of,, y
nvnoznr prfbrcs`vndcotc co in jfohfrdnj`úo mc uon oucvn cstrujturn
sfj`
sfj`ni
ni jfdf
jfdf dàtf
dàtfmf
mf pn
pnrn
rn uo`v
uo`vcr
crsn
sni`i`zn
znrr ci m`
m`sh
shru
rutc
tc mc if
ifss mc
mcrc
rcja
jafs
fs
sfj`nics, quc crrnm`quc in cxjius`úo. Co tni scot`mf, sc mckc nusp`j`nr n
trnvàs mc ins hfrtniczns mci Jfdpfocotc in Bunrm`n Onj`foni Kfi`vnr`non
co ci scof
scof mc jnmn
jnmn jf
jfdu
duo`
o`mn
mnm,
m, dc
dcm`
m`no
notc
tc in jfdk`
fdk`on
onj`
j`úo
úo mc in
inss
cxpcr`coj`ns frbno`znt`vns mc ifs iämcrcs onturnics y in mc ifs chcjt`vfs
d`i`tnrcs mc in Bunrm`n mci Uuckif quc jfank`tno co ifs scjtfrcs f quc
inkfrno jcrjn mc ciins.
 

Knscs Mc D`s`focs
  In Bunrm`n mci Uuckif co huoj`úo mc judpi`r sus njt`v`mnmcs jrcn ins
knscs mc d`s`focs, jfo in h`oni`mnm mc bnrnot`znr in jfostrujj`úo mci
k`cocstnr hnd`i`nr, nsä jfdf in scosnj`úo mc pnz y nrdfoän jfduoni, n h`o
mc jfnmyuvnr n in dntcr`ni`znj`úo mci Uino mc in Untr`n, sc chcjtüno ins
jffrm`onj`focs pcrt`ocotcs pnrn cstnkicjcr in nrt`juinj`úo chcjt`vn jfo ci
Z`stcdn Onj`foni mc D`s`focs, Brnomcs D`s`focs y D`jrf D`s`focs mc
dnocrn `otcbrni.
Brupfs mc ]rnknlf Jfduo`tnr`f
Jnkc mcstnjnr, pfr ftrn pnrtc, quc sc jrcno brupfs mc trnknlf
jfdu
jfduo
o`t`tnr
nr`f
`f (B
(B[S
[S]
][N
[NJF
JF)) jfo sus m`hcr
`hcrco
cotc
tcss Jf
Jfd
d`tà
`tàs (Zn
(Zniu
ium
m,
 Ni`dcotnj`úo, Cmujnj`úo, @mcot`mnm Onj`foni, Mcpfrtc, Juiturn, Zcrv`j`fs
Kîs`jfs y mc @ohfrdnj`úo y Jfduo`jnj`úo), Brupfs mc Mchcosn ]crr`tfr`ni
Jfduo`tnr`f (B[SMC]CJF) y Brupfs mc [cjfostrujj`úo y Frbno`znj`úo
Zfj`ni (B[FZ).
Nrt`juinj`úo Zfj`ni.
Ci rfi mci Bunrm`n mci Uuckif cs nrt`juinr mc dnocrn chcjt`vn y ch`jnz
jfo ins jfduo`mnmcs, ins njt`v`mnmcs quc sfo pnrtc mc sus huoj`focs,
pnrn
pnrn cstf
cstf cs oc
ocjc
jcsn
snr`
r`f
f qu
quc
c cx
cx`s
`stn
tn uo cspn
cspnj`
j`f
f mf
mfom
omc
c sc pu
pucm
cmno
no
mcsnrrfiinr, mcknt`r y scn iubnr mc cojucotrf mfomc sc pucmno jfduo`jnr 
n trnvàs mci m`nifbf, mfomc cx`stno m`hcrcoj`ns, pcrf s`cdprc rcspctnomf
if quc m`bn ci jfotrnr`f.
Zc co
cot`t`co
comc
mc jfdf
jfdf nr
nrt`t`ju
juin
inmf
mfrr sf
sfj`
j`ni
ni ’ci
’ci cd
cdpi
picf
cf mc tfmf
tfmfss if
ifss
dcjn
dcjno`
o`sd
sdfs
fs jf
jfoc
ocjt
jt`v
`vfs
fs qu
quc
c hu
huoj
oj`f
`fon
ono
o co
cotr
trc
c if
ifss m`
m`st
st`o
`otf
tfss co
cotc
tcss
bukcrondcotnics mc uo s`stcdn sfj`ni y quc jnoni`zno in trnsd`s`úo mc in
njj`úo
njj`úo sf
sfj`n
j`nii y j`rjui
j`rjuinj`
nj`úo
úo mc k`cocs
k`cocs y sc
scrv`j
rv`j`fs
`fs—— (Bu
(Bunrm
nrm`n
`n On
Onj`f
j`fon
onii
Kfi`vnr`non, ;5>3), co pfjns pninkrns ci nrt`juinmfr mckc anjcr usf mc
dcjn
dcjno`
o`sd
sdfs
fs f cs
cstr
trnt
ntcb
cb`n
`nss pnrn
pnrn anjc
anjcri
ric
c iiiicb
cbnr
nr n if
ifss an
ank`
k`tn
tnot
otcs
cs if
ifss
kcoch`j`fs sfj`nics cdnonomf pfr ci bfk`crof onj`foni, mckc cstnkicjcr 
rcinj`focs pcrdnocotcs
pcrdnocotcs cotrc ifs njtfrcs co huoj`úo mc in jfojrcj
jfojrcj`úo
`úo mc
ifs fklct`vfs jfduocs , dîs niiî mc ifs `otcrcscs pnrt`juinrcs.
 

 Nsä d`sdf y co csc d`sdf frmco mc `mcns jfdf nrt`juinj`úo sfj`ni

sc cot`comc<
In njj`úo quc sc rcni`zn jfo in h`oni`mnm mc coinznr in njt`v`mnm
mc ifs jfosclfs jfduonics, rcprcscotnotcs mc ins d`s`focs
sfj`nics, jfduo`mnmcs frbno`znmns y ftrns `ost`tuj`focs quc
pfr su onturniczn jfnmyuvno ni mcsnrrfiif jfduo`tnr`f y mc
scbur`mnm j`umnmnon. @ojcot`vnomf in pnrt`j`pnj`úo mci jficjt`vf
co jndpnþns, prfbrndns y prfycjtfs co dntcr`n mc mchcosn y
prcvco
prcvcoj`új`úo
o mci
mci mcimci`tf
`tf77 tni
tnics
cs jfd jfdf<
f< njt
njt`v`
`v`mnm
mnmcs
cs mc mcpfr
pfrt`v
t`vns,
ns,
rc
rcjr
jrcn
cnt`t`vn
vns,
s, ju
juititur
urni
nics
cs y rc rci`i`b`
b`fs
fsns
ns qu
quc
c rcsu
rcsuititnr
nrî
î co uo uon
n
jfduo`mnm jfo dcofr prfpcos`úo ni mci`tf. (p.>:)
Hucotc< attp<//www.bunrm`nmcipuckif.d`i.vc

In nrt`juinj`úo sfj`ni trntn co cstc jnsf sfkrc ci pnpci mc in Bunrm`n

mci Uuckif co ins jfduo`mnmcs y ifs prfjcsfs mfomc sc rcinj`fono ci
îdk`tf d`i`tnr jfo ins frbno`znj`focs sfj`nics co kusjn mc tcocr uo dclfr 
njj`fonr n ins prfpucstns mc k`cocstnr mc in pfkinj`úo, if quc sc vc
rchiclnmf co in jrcnj`úo mc uo dfv`d`cotf sfj`ni dîs súi`mf, prfjurnomf
in uo`úo y ci coinjc cotrc ifs vcj`ofs, s` sc ifbrn quc ifs ank`tnotcs
pnrt`j`pco y sc dnotcobno uo`mfs, cotfojcs sc pucmc frbno`znr y iicvnr 
nmcinotc prfbrndns y prfycjtfs co ci jndpf mc ins pfiät`jns sfj`nics y
mci mcsnrrfiif cjfoúd`jf.
Unrn cstf sc rcqu`crc mc uon pnrt`j`pnj`úo jfduo`tnr`n njt`vn pnrn
cdpfmcrnrsc mc ifs cspnj`fs mcotrf mc ifs bfk`crofs ifjnics co mcdnomn
mc ifs mcrcjafs jfdf `om`v`muf, mc niiä in `dpfrtnoj`n mc in nrt`juinj`úo
sfj`ni y mc in pnrt`j`pnj`úo jfduo`tnr`n, yn quc dcm`notc cstn uo`úo sc
pucmc `dpuisnr prfjcsfs quc mcsnrrfiico pfiät`jns fr`cotnmns n jfostru`r 
uon
uon dclf
dclfrr j`um
j`umnm
nmno
noän
än,, pc
pcrf
rf in
inss jfdu
jfduo`
o`mn
mnmc
mcss of pu
pucm
cmco
co if
ifbr
brnr
nr in
nrt`juinj`úo jfo ifs cotcs püki`jfs sfifs, mckco tcocr uo njfdpnþnotc
jfo jfdpctcoj`n notc ifs frbno`sdfs püki`jfs.
Cs pfr cstn rnzúo
rnzúo quc ci cstnm
cstnmf
f jrcn in Bunrm`n
Bunrm`n mci Uucki
Uuckif
f pnrn
quc scno cstfs ifs quc clcrzno jfdf coinjcs cotrc ci puckif y ifs
frbno`sdfs mci cstnmf y mc cstn dnocrn jfotr`ku`r ni mcsnrrfiif ifjni, y
 

juyns jfdpctcoj`ns jfdf nrt`juinmfr, sc cojucotrno mctniinmns co ci

dnouni mc cdpicf mci Jfdnomf Onj`foni Bunrm`n mci Uuckif, yco ins
junics jfovcrbc uo jüduif mc huoj`focs quc clcjutn m`rcjtndcotc jfo
ins pcrsfons quc anjco v`mn co ifs m`hcrcotcs scjtfrcs sfj`nics, tnics
jfdf ins d`s`focs sfj`nics, jfosclfs jfduonics y jfduons pnrn huob`r 
jfdf
jfdf nrt
nrt`ju
`juinm
inmfr
fr sfj`ni
sfj`ni co ci mcsnrr
mcsnrrfii
fiif
f mc prf
prfycj
ycjtfs
tfs,, rcn
rcni`z
i`znj`
nj`úo
úo mc
m`nb
m`nboú
oúst
st`j
`jfs
fs jf
jfdu
duo`
o`tn
tnr`
r`fs
fs,, cink
cinkfr
frnj
nj`ú
`úo
o mc dn
dnpn
pnss mc scbu
scbur`m
r`mnm
nm co
jffrm`onj`úo jfo ifs ank`tnotcs mc ins ifjni`mnmcs uk`jnmns co ci îrcn
 lur`sm`jj`foni jfrrcspfom`cotc mc su uo`mnm d`i`tnr mc nmsjr`pj`úo, cotrc
ftrfs.
Cstrntcb`n mc Jfduo`jnj`úo
In a`st
a`stfr
fr`n
`n mc in jfdu
jfduo`
o`jn
jnj`
j`úo
úo mntn
mntn mc du
duja
jafs
fs s`
s`bi
bifs
fs ntrî
ntrîs,
s, y
s`cdprc an s`mf ut`i`znmn pnrn sfj`ni`znr cotrc mfs f dîs pcrsfons, co
frbn
frbno`
o`zn
znj`
j`fo
focs
cs,, ct
ctj.
j. Zc
Zcpu
pucm
cmco
co rc
rcni
ni`z
`znr
nr dc
dcm`
m`no
notc
tc sc
scþn
þnic
ics,
s, sc
scþn
þns,
s,
icobunlcs frni f csjr`tf, tfmf jfo in h`oni`mnm mc trnosd`t`r uo dcosnlc f
`o
`ohf
hfrd
rdnj
nj`ú
`úo
o mc `o`otc
tcrà
ràss n ft
ftrf
rf.. Cs
Cstf
tf fjur
fjurrc
rc dc
dcm`m`no
notc
tc mf
mfss ci
cicd
cdco
cotf
tfss
cscoj`ni pnrn quc sc pucmn mnr ci prfjcsf, uo cd`sfr y uo rcjcptfr. In
jfduo`jnj`úo in mch`oc ci nutfr Ja`nvcontf (;55=) jfdf ’ci prfjcsf mc
trnosd`t`r `ohfrdnj`úo y mc anjcr quc cstn scn jfdprcom`mn pfr dcm`f mci
usf mc sädkfifs jfduocs cotrc mfs f dîs `om`v`mufs—, (p.=50).
Cstc d`sdf nutfr Ja`nvcontf (;558), mch`oc in `ohfrdnj`úo jfdf "
uo jf
jfo
olu
luot
otf
f mc mnt
ntfs
fs jf
jfo
o uo s`b
`bo
o`h`j
`h`jnm
nmf
f, f scn
cn,, quc rcm
rcmuj
ujc
c in
`ojcrt`mudkrc f quc nudcotn ci jfofj`d`cotf mc nibf. Co vcrmnm, in
`ohfrdnj`úo cs uo dcosnlc jfo s`bo`h`jnmf co uo mctcrd`onmf jfotcxtf,
m`sp
m`spfo
fo`k
`kic
ic pnrn
pnrn us
usf
f `o
`odc
dcm`
m`nt
ntf
f y quc
quc prfp
prfpfr
frj`
j`fo
fon
n fr`c
fr`cot
otnj
nj`ú
`úo
o n in
inss
njj`focs pfr ci acjaf mc rcmuj`r ci dnrbco mc `ojcrt`mudkrc jfo rcspcjtf
n oucstrns mcj`s`focs, (p.>>5).
Zcbüo cstc nutfr in jfduo`jnj`úo y in `ohfrdnj`úo t`coc dujan
rcinj`úo, uon cs ci prfjcsf mc trnosd`t`r n in ftrn, s` in jfduo`jnj`úo hniin
in `ohfrdnj`úo of iicbn n ins pcrsfons quc in ndcr`tno, cstn s`tunj`úo
sujcmc dîs mc if quc sc supfoc, cotrc nd`bfs, hnd`i`nrcs, co ifs trnknlfs
jfo jfdpnþcrfs, co ins frbno`znj`focs, co ins jfduo`mnmcs, cs niiä
 

junomf sc mckc ut`i`znr cstrntcb`ns mc jfduo`jnj`úo pnrn ifbrnr quc csc

dcosnlc f `ohfrdnj`úo iicbuc n su h`oni.
In cstrntcb`n mc jfduo`jnj`úo cs usnmn co tfmf îdk`tf mc in v`mn
m`nr`n, cjfoúd`jf, pfiät`jf y sfj`ni. Ci nutfr Nrciinof, j`tnmf pfr Iúpcz,
(;55:), in mch`oc jfdf ’in scr`c mc njj`focs prfbrndnmns y pino`h`jnmns
quc sc `dpicdcotno n pnrt`r mc j`crtfs `otcrcscs y ocjcs`mnmcs, co uo
cspnj`f mc `otcrnjj`úo audnon, co uon brno vnr`cmnm mc t`cdpfs. In
cstrntcb`n iicvn uo pr`oj`p`f mc frmco, mc scicjj`úo, mc `otcrvcoj`úo sfkrc
uon s`tunj`úo cstnkicj`mn. (p. ;>=).Cstc jfojcptf codnrjn mc dnocrn
pcrhcjtn in s`tunj`úo prcscotnmn co in jfduo`mnmcs mc ifs ]cqucs Cstnmf
D`rnomn, in hnitn mc jfduo`jnj`úo cotrc in jfduo`mnm y in Bunrm`n mci
Uuckif sc mckc n in hnitn mc uon kucon cstrntcb`n jfduo`jnj`foni quc
ifbrc, quc in `ohfrdnj`úo iicbuc n in jfduo`mnm.
In `ohfrdnj`úo sc p`crmc co ci trnycjtf cotrc in `ost`tuj`úo y in
jfduo`
jfduo`mnm
mnm,, bco
bcocrn
crnomf
omf pfj
pfjn
n pnr
pnrt`j
t`j`pn
`pnj`ú
j`úo
o co ins njt`v`
njt`v`mnm
mnmcs
cs quc sc
nr
nrt`t`ju
juin
ino
o pn
pnrn
rn ci k`
k`co
cocs
cstn
tnrr mc ifs
ifs an
ank`
k`tn
tnot
otcs
cs,, ni
nibu
buon
onss pc
pcrs
rsfo
fons
ns
dno`h`cstno quc ci Jfosclf Jfduoni jfdf frbno`znj`úo of sc rcüoc, f
of pnsn in `ohfrdnj`úo mc ins njt`v`mnmcs, cs pfr csf quc sc anjc
ocjcsnr`f npi`jnr cstrntcb`ns quc ifbrco quc in `ohfrdnj`úo ic iicbuc n in
dnyfrän mc ifs ank`tnotcs, dcm`notc uon jfduo`jnj`úo chcjt`vn, hîj`i mc
`dpicdcotnr y quc scn mc usf dns`vf, sc mckc pinocnr uon dnocrn quc
scn ch`jnz quc ifbrc trnosd`t`r ci dcosnlc n tfmfs y jnmn uof mc ifs
rcs`mcotcs mci scjtfr.
 Nsä pucs, sc pucmc prcscotnr jfdf cstrntcb`n jfduo`jnj`foni, in
ut`i`znj`úo mc in tcjofifbän, cs ofrdni quc ins pcrsfons tcobno uo jciuinr 
co sus dnofs n m`nr`f y n tfmn afrn, tndk`ào sc pucmc anjcr usf mci
`otc
`otcro
roct
ct,, qu
quc
c co in dn
dnyf
yfrä
rän
n mc if
ifss af
afbn
bnrc
rcss pf
pfsscc
cco
o ci sc
scrv
rv`j
`j`f
`f,, ci
pcr`hfocf, ins pnojnrtns jfifjnmns co s`t`fs cstrntàb`jfs mc in jfduo`mnm,
y ci jfofj`mf rnm`f kcdkn, quc of cs ftrn jfsn quc anjcr jfrrcr in vfz in
`ohfrdnj`úo quc sc qu`crc mnr n jfofjcr. Ucrf indcotnkicdcotc dujans
mc csns
csns su
subc
bcrc
rcoj
oj`n
`nss ano
ano hr
hrnj
njns
nsnm
nmf,
f, y in `o
`ohf
hfrd
rdnj
nj`ú
`úo
o of iiiicb
cbn
n n in
pfkinj`úo, in cstrntcb`n quc sc prcscotn jfdf sfiuj`úo n cstn s`tunj`úo cs
 

in ut`i`znj`úo mci `otcroct, ci usf mci tciàhfof, y quc in Bunrm`n mci Uuckif
anbn prcscoj`n co ins jniics mc ins knrr`nmns y judpi`r jfo su huoj`úo mc
nrt`juinmfr sfj`ni.

Jfosclf Jfduoni
Cs uon
uon hf
hfrd
rdn
n mc fr
frbn
bno`
o`zn
znj`
j`úo
úo jf
jfdu
duon
oni,i, mc
mcsn
snrr
rrfi
fiin
inmn
mn co ci
Frmc
Frmcon
ond`
d`co
cotf
tf Lurä
Luräm`
m`jf
jf Xc
Xcoc
oczf
zfin
inof
of co ci dn
dnrj
rjf
f mc in [c
[cvf
vfiu
iuj`
j`úo
úo
Kfi`vnr`non mfomc ci d`sdf puckif cs qu`co hfrduin, clcjutn, jfotrfin y
cvniün ins pfiät`jns püki`jns, nsud`comf nsä, ci clcrj`j`f rcni mci Ufmcr 
Ufpuinr, cs mcj`r, pfo`comf co prîjt`jn ins mcj`s`focs nmfptnmns pfr in
jfduo`mnm.DNU BOK JF 5> 5> 5>->(;5>=).
 Nsä d`sdf ci nrtäjuif ; mc in icy mc ifs jfosclfs jfduonics cxprcsn
quc sfo<
@ostnoj`ns mc pnrt`j`pnj`úo, nrt`juinj`úo c `otcbrnj`úo cotrc ins
m`vcrsns frbno`znj`focs jfduo`tnr`ns, brupfs sfj`nics y ifs
j`umnmnofs y j`umnmnons quc pcrd`tco ni puckif frbno`znmf
clcr
clcrjc
jcrr m`rc
m`rcjt
jtnd
ndcocotc
tc in bc
bcst
st`ú
`úo
o mc pfiä
pfiät`t`jn
jnss pü
püki
ki`j
`jns
ns y
prfy
prfycj
cjtf
tfss fr
fr`c
`cot
otnm
nmfs
fs n rc
rcsp
spfo
fomc
mcrr n in
inss oc ocjjcs
cs`m
`mnm
nmcs
cs y
nsp`rnj`focs mc ins jfduo`mnmcs co in jfostrujj`úo mc uon
sfj`cmnm mc cqu`mnm y lust`j`n sfj`ni.

Jfdf sc cxprcsn co cstc nrtäjuif, cs n trnvàs mc ifs jfosclfs

jfduonics, mfomc sc clcrjco ins pfiät`jns püki`jns, nrt`juinmfs jfo ifs
frbno`sdfs mci cstnmf, s`cdprc kusjnomf quc ins ocjcs`mnmcs mc in
pfkinj`úo scno rcsucitns. Ifs jfosclfs jfduonics y ins jfduons cstîo
iindnmfs n scr ifs bnrnotcs mc quc sus jfduo`mnmcs sc coinjco jfo in
Bunrm`n mci Uuckif, yn quc of súif scrî ci njfdpnþnd`cotf ni puckif
s`of in nrt`juinj`úo sfj`ni y ifs iindnmfs n dnotcocr y prcscrvnr ci frmco
`otcrof luotf jfo ins jfduo`mnmcs frbno`znmns.
Ifs jfosclfs jfduonics onjco co Xcoczucin co nkr`i mc ;558, pfr 
in ocjcs`mnm mci puckif n frbno`znrsc mck`mf n ifs jndk`fs quc sc
vcoäno bcocrnomf co ci pnäs, brnj`ns n in iicbnmn mci prcs`mcotc Aubf
[nhnci Jaîvcz Hräns, ci juni huc cicb`mf pfr in vän mcdfjrît`jn trnycomf
cstc jfos`bf pr`oj`p`fs k`co cstnkicj`mfs y oucvns cstrujturns pnrn in
jfosfi`mnj`úo mc uon oucvn mcdfjrnj`n co ci pnäs7 jndk`îomfsc nsä mc
 

uo s`stcdn mcdfjrît`jf rcprcscotnt`vf y cxjiuycotc, n uon mcdfjrnj`n

pnrt`j`pnt`vn juyf huomndcotnj`úo of sfif icbni, s`of tndk`ào `mcfiúb`jn
sc cojucotrn codnrjnmn co in jnrtn dnbon jfdf if cs in Jfost`tuj`úo mc
in [cpüki`jn Kfi`vnr`non mc Xcoczucin, co su nrtäjuif 8 co ci juni sc
mch`oc ni bfk`crof mc in [cpüki`jn Kfi`vnr`non mc Xcoczucin y mc ins
cot`mnmcs
cot`mnmcs pfiät`jns
pfiät`jns quc in jfdpfoco
jfdpfoco jfdf mcdf
mcdfjrît`j
jrît`jf,
f, pnrt`j
pnrt`j`pnt`v
`pnt`vf,
f,
cicj
cicjt`t`vf
vf,, mc
mcsj
sjco
cotrn
trni`z
i`znm
nmf,
f, nitc
nitcro
ront
nt`v
`vf,
f, rcsp
rcspfo
fosn
snki
kic,
c, pi
piur
urni
ni`s
`stn
tn y mc
dnomntfs rcvfjnkics.
Cstn `ostnoj`n cs in knsc sfkrc in juni sc jfostruyc in mcdfjrnj`n
pnrt
pnrt`j
`j`p
`pnt
nt`v
`vn,
n, dcm`
dcm`no
notc
tc in nr
nrt`t`ju
juin
inj`
j`úo
úo c `o
`otc
tcbr
brnj
nj`ú
`úo
o mc m`
m`vc
vcrs
rsns
ns
frbn
frbno`
o`zn
znj`
j`fo
focs
cs,, jfov
jfov`r
`rt`à
t`àom
omfi
fin
n nsä
nsä co ci csin
csinkú
kúo
o pr`o
pr`oj`
j`pn
pnii pnrn
pnrn in
pino`h`jnj`úo mc ins pfiät`jns püki`jns. Ifs jfosclfs jfduonics mckco
trnknlnr coinznmfs jfo in Bunrm`n mci Uuckif, pnrn uo`h`jnr jr`tcr`fs co
nrns mc nrt`juinr njj`focs, quc nyumco n dclfrnr in jni`mnm mc v`mn, mci
jficjt`vf, ifs vfjcrfs mc ndkfs inmfs sc mckco fjupnr co iicvnr n jnkf
njt`v`mnmcs quc nyumco n in pfkinj`úo n fktcocr in dnyfr sudn mc
hci`j`mnm pfs`kic.
 Ni ankinr mc jfduo`mnm scbüo Jnrvnlni (;5>>), nh`rdn co su
nrbudcotf quc uon jfduo`mnm cs uon nbrupnj`úo f jfoluotf mc pcrsfons
quc
quc an
ank`
k`tn
tno
o uo cspn
cspnj`
j`f
f bcfb
bcfbrî
rîh`j
h`jf
f mc
mci`i`d`
d`tn
tnmf
mf y mc
mci`i`d`
d`tn
tnki
kic,
c, ju
juyf
yfss
d`cdkr
d`cdkrfs
fs t`coco
t`coco jfoj`c
jfoj`coj
oj`n
`n mc pcr
pcrt`o
t`ocoj
coj`n
`n f `mc
`mcot`
ot`h`j
h`jnj`
nj`úo
úo jfo nib
nibüo
üo
sädkfif ifjni y quc `otcrnjj`fono cotrc sä dîs `otcosndcotc quc co ftrf
jfotcxtf, fpcrnomf rcmcs mc jfduo`jnj`úo, `otcrcscs y npfyf dutuf, jfo
ci prfpús`tf mc nijnoznr mctcrd`onmfs fklct`vfs, snt`shnjcr ocjcs`mnmcs,
rcsfivcr prfkicdns f mcscdpcþnr huoj`focs sfj`nics rcicvnotcs n o`vci
ifjni. (pp. >;), ci nutfr ni mch`o`r ci tcdn of mcln o`obüo vnjäf jfo
rcspcjtf n if quc s`bo`h`jn uon jfduo`mnm.

Huoj`focs mc in Bunrm`n mci Uuckif

 Zcr uo nrt`juinmfr sfj`ni.
 Frbno`znr, jffrm`onr, m`r`b`r, jfotrfinr y cvniunr ins fpcrnj`focs
mci jfdnomf onj`foni bunrm`n mci puckif.
 

 M`scþnr, `dpicdcotnr, jfotrfinr y cvniunr ifs dcjno`sdfs mc

mchcosn y prcvcoj`úo mc scbur`mnm pfi`j`ni.
 Jfomuj
Jfomuj`r
`r ins fp
fpcrn
crnj`f
j`focs
ocs cspcj`
cspcj`nic
nicss ns`
ns`bo
bonmn
nmnss ni Jfd
Jfdno
nomf
mf
Onj`foni Bunrm`n Mci Uuckif.
 Jfosfi
Jfosfi`mn
`mnrr ci cshucr
cshucrzf
zf jfo
jfoluo
luotf
tf jf
jfohf
ohfrdc
rdc n ins pf
pfiät`
iät`jns
jns mc
`o
`otc
tcbr
brnj
nj`ú
`úo
o jfdu
jfduo`
o`tn
tnr`n
r`n,, cstr
cstrnt
ntcb
cb`n
`nss sfj`
sfj`ni
nics
cs mc mc
mchc
hcos
osn
n y
prcvcoj`úo mci mci`tf, mch`o`mns co ci pino mc in pntr`n ;5>:-;5>0.
 Jfot
Jfotr`
r`ku
ku`r
`r jfo
jfo in pi
pino
no`h`h`j
`jnj
nj`ú
`úo,
o, nm
nmd`
d`o`
o`st
strn
rnj`
j`úo
úo,, jf
jfot
otrf
rfii y
cvniunj`úo co t`cdpf mc pnz mc ins fpcrnj`focs mc ifs prfjcsfs
sfj`nics mc mcsnrrfiif onj`foni.
 @ojrcdcotnr ifs pinocs mc rchfrznd`cotf fpcrnt`vf mc o`vcics mc
scbur`mnm n ins pcrsfons y sus k`cocs.
 Urcpnrnr ifs `ohfrdcs pcr`úm`jfs, cstum`fs, nprcj`nj`focs, pnrtcs
m`n
m`nr`
r`fs
fs,, rc
rcssüd
üdc
coc
ocss y mc
mcd
dîs dcj
cjno
no`s
`sdf
dfss mc mchco
chcossn y
prcvcoj`úo mci mci`tf.
 Cinkfrnr ci pino mc trnknlf nouni mc fpcrnj`focs mci Jfdnomf
Onj`foni Bunrm`n Mci Uuckif.
Ufr jfos`bu`cotc, in Bunrm`n Onj`foni Kfi`vnr`non, co knsc n ins
hu
huoj
oj`f
`foc
ocss m`rc
m`rcjt
jtns
ns mc
mcii Jf
Jfdn
dnom
omf
f On
Onj`
j`fo
foni
ni Bunr
Bunrm`
m`n
n mc
mcii Uu
Uuck
ckif
if sfo
sfo
npi`jnmfs n ifs prfbrndns sfj`nics sc cohfjn co rcsfivcr prfkicdît`jns
cspcjä
cspcjäh`j
h`jns
ns jfo uo
uon
n cxjcic
cxjcicotc
otc hfrdn
hfrdn mc pnr
pnrt`j
t`j`pn
`pnrr njt
njt`vn
`vndco
dcotc
tc co in
nbcomn mc mcsnrrfiif mc in jfduo`mnm.
Ufr if juni sc prcscotn cstc @ohfrdc ]îjt`jf pnrn pinotcnr uon
sfiuj`úo n in prfkicdît`jn co ins jfduo`mnmcs mc ifs ]cqucs Cstnmf
D`rnomn, mfomc sc cxtcr`fr`zn in pino`h`jnj`úo mc uo pino mc Njt`v`mnmcs
Zfj`nics pfr ci Jfdnomf Onj`foni Bunrm`n mci Uuckif co prf mc in
nrt`juinj`úo sfj`ni co ifs scjtfrcs mc ifs ]cqucs Cstnmf D`rnomn.
Mc cstc d`sdf dfmf cstn uo`mnm cspcj`ni npi`jn dàtfmfs mc
noîi`s`s mc `ohfrdnj`úo pnrn bcocrnr `otci`bcoj`n fpcrnj`foni quc pcrd`tc
`mcot`h`jnr n pcrsfons, brupfs, frbno`znj`focs, zfons pr`fr`tnr`ns y dfmfs
mc fpcrnj`úo v`ojuinmfs jfo ifs mci`tfs quc sfo mc jfdpctcoj`n.
 

Ci `ohfrdc tîjt`jf mc pnsnotäns t`coc su huomndcotf co knscs

icbnics quc, scbüo Uniciin, (;55=), sfo jfofj`mns ’jfdf n ins ofrdnt`vns
 luräm`jns quc sustcotn ci cstum`f mcsmc in jnrtn dnbon, ins icycs
frbîo`jns, ins rcsfiuj`focs mcjrctfs cotrc ftrfs— (p.33). Co rcinj`úo jfo if
cxprcs
cxprcsnmf
nmf,, cst
cstn
n knsc
knsc jfost`
jfost`tuy
tuyc
c ci dnrjf
dnrjf ofrdnt
ofrdnt`vf
`vf luräm`
luräm`jf
jf quc mn
sustcotf ni cstum`f nkfrmnmf. Ci cstum`f sc npfyú co uo dnrjf luräm`jf mc
icycs quc ano s`mf jrcnmns co in [cpüki`jn Kfi`vnr`non mc Xcoczucin pfr 
jfos`mcrnr quc jfdf pnäs mcdfjrît`jf huomndcotn sus njj`focs co uon
scr`c mc pr`oj`p`fs jfotco`mf co ins icycs s`bu`cotcs<

Jfost`tuj`úo Mc In [cpüki`jn Kfi`vnr`non Mc Xcoczucin (>.000)

Bnjctn Fh`j`ni Cxtrnfrm`onr`n O¼ 3.=3: Jnrnjns, dnrzf Mc ;555 .

Zcbüo ci Nrtäjuif :;1 mc in Jfost`tuj`úo mc in [cpüki`jn

Kfi`vn
Kfi `vnr`n
r`non
on mc Xcoczu
Xcoczucin
cin ’in Hu Hucrz
crznn Nrdnmn
Nrdnmn Onj Onj`fo
`foni
ni
jfost`tuyc uon `ost`tuj`úo cscoj`nidcotc prfhcs`foni, s`o
d`i`tnoj`n pfiät`jn, frbno`znmn pfr ci Cstnmf pnrn bnrnot`znr 
in `omcpcomcoj`n y sfkcrnoän mc in onj`úo y nscburnr in
`ot
`otcbr
cbr`mn`mnmm mci cspnj`f
cspnj`f bcfbrî
bcfbrîh`j
h`jf,
f, dcm
dcm`no`notc
tc in mch
mchcos
cosnn
d`i`tn
d`i `tnr,
r, in jffpcr
jffpcrnj`nj`úo
úo co ci dnotco
dnotco`d``d`cot
cotff mci frmco
frmco
`otcrof y in pnrt`j`pnj`úo njt`vn mci mcsnrrfiif onj`foni, mc
nj
njuucr
crm mf jfojfo cs
cstntn Jfo
Jfost`t
st`tu
uj`ú
j`úo y jfo jfo in icy. icy. Co ci
judpi`d`cotf mc sus huoj`focs, cstî ni scrv`j`f cxjius`vf
mc in Onj`ú Onj`úoo P s`o o` o`obobuo
uonn `oji`
`oji`on
onj`
j`úo
úo f pnrj pnrj`n
`ni`
i`mn
mnm
m
pfiä
pfiät`t`jn
jn ni nibu
buon
on.. Zus
Zus p` p`in
inrc
rcss huom
huomnd
ndcocotn
tnic
icss sf
sfoo in
m`sj`p
m`s j`pi`o
i`on,
n, in fkcm`c
fkcm`coj`oj`nn y in sukfrm
sukfrm`o`onj`ú
nj`úo.o. In Hucrzn
Hucrzn
Nrdnmn Onj`foni cstî `otcbrnmn pfr ci Clàrj`tf, in Nrdnmn,
in Nv`nj`úo y in bunrm`n onj`foni, quc huoj`fono mc dnocrn
`otcb
`otcbrn rnii mc
mcot
otrf
rf mcmcii dnrj
dnrjf f mc in jfdp jfdpct ctco
coj`j`nn pnrn
pnrn ci
judpi`d`cotf mc su d`s`úo, jfo uo ràb`dco mc scbur`mnm
sfj`ni `otcbrni prfp`f, scbüo if cstnkiczjn su rcspcjt`vn
icy frbîo`jn—.

Co if
ifss no
notc
tcr`
r`fr
frcs
cs nr
nrtä
täju
juif
ifss qu
quc
c sc mcsj
sjr`
r`k
k`c
`crf
rfo
o sfkrc
krc in
Jfost`tuj`úo cstnkicjc ci pnpci mc in Hucrzn Nrdnmn Onj`foni Kfi`vnr`non
jfdf bnrnotc mc in `omcpcomcoj`n y sfkcrnoän mc in Onj`úo, nsä jfdf su
mchcos
mchcosn
n quc fki`bn
fki`bn mc uon dno
dnocrn
crn jntcb
jntcbúr`j
úr`jn,
n, dcm
dcm`no
`notc
tc m`h
m`hcrc
crcotc
otcss
njj`focs jfdf in mchcosn d`i`tnr, in jffpcrnj`úo co ci dnotco`d`cotf mci
frmco `otcrof y in pnrt`j`pnj`úo njt`vn co ci mcsnrrfiif onj`foni.
 

Co ciin sc jfosnbrn ci rcsbunrmf y scbur`mnm `otcbrni mc tfmfs ifs

vcoc
vcoczf
zfin
inof
ofs.
s. Ns
Nsää d`
d`sd
sdf
f sc fk
fksc
scrv
rvn
n qu
quc
c if
ifss s`
s`bu
bu`c
`cot
otcs
cs nrtä
nrtäju
juif
ifss in
jfrrcspfosnk`i`mnm mc jnmn j`umnmnof pfr in scbur`mnm mci pnäs. Unrn
judpi`
judpi`rr jfo cstc
cstc dnomnt
dnomntf
f jf
jfost
ost`tu
`tuj`f
j`fon
onii in Hucrzn
Hucrzn Nrd
Nrdnm
nmn
n Onj
Onj`fo
`foni
ni
Kfi`vnr`non mckc mcspicbnr, cotrc ftrns jfsns, `o`j`nt`vns pnrn clcjutnr 
dcm`mns co dntcr`n mc scbur`mnm y prftcjj`úo mc ins uo`mnmcs d`i`tnrcs
jfo ci h`o mc prcvco`r y ocutrni`znr ins njtunics y huturns ndconzns quc
pfmräno nhcjtnr n m`jans uo`mnmcs.
In Icy
Icy Fr
Frbî
bîo`
o`jn
jn mc in Hucr
Hucrzn
zn Nrdn
Nrdnmn
mn On
Onj`
j`fo
foni
ni Kfi`v
Kfi`vnr
nr`n
`non
on
cstnkicjc co ci
Nrtäju
Nrtäjuif
if =;<  In Bun
Bunrm`
rm`n
n Onj`fo
Onj`foni
ni Kf
Kfi`v
i`vnr`
nr`non
non pfm
pfmrî
rî jfo
jfomuj
muj`r 
`r 
fpcrnj`focs d`i`tnrcs rcqucr`mns pnrn in mchcosn y ci dnotco`d`cotf mci
frmco `otcrof mci Unäs, dcm`notc fpcrnj`focs cspcjäh`jns, jfoluotns f
jfdk`onmns. ]`coc ins s`bu`cotcs huoj`focs<
>. Jfotr`ku`r jfo ci noîi`s`s, hfrduinj`úo, cstum`f y m`hus`úo mci
pcosnd`cotf d`i`tnr vcoczfinof.
;. Hfr
Hfrdui
duinr
nr y mcsnrr
mcsnrrfii
fiinr
nr in mfjtr`
mfjtr`on
on qu
quc
c pcr
pcrd`t
d`tn
n jfo
jfomu
muj`r
j`r ins
fpcrnj`focs d`i`tnrcs cx`b`mns pnrn ci dnotco`d`cotf mci frmco `otcrof mci
pnäs
pnäs,, co Ci fr
frmc
mco
o püki
püki`j
`jf,
f, y pn
pnrt
rt`j
`j`p
`pnr
nr co in
inss fp
fpcr
crnj
nj`f
`foc
ocss d`
d`i`t
i`tnr
nrcs
cs
rcqucr`mns pnrn nscburnr in mchcosn `otcbrni mc in Onj`úo.:. Frbno`znr,
cqu`pnr, nm`cstrnr y jfomuj`r ins uo`mnmcs pnrn in pino`h`jnj`úo y clcjuj`úo
mc fpcrnj`focs d`i`tnrcs cx`b`mns pnrn ci dnotco`d`cotf mci frmco `otcrof
mci pnäs, nsä jfdf ins rcqucr`mns pnrn in pnrt`j`pnj`úo co ci mcsnrrfiif mc
ins fpcrnj`focs d`i`tnrcs pnrn in njj`úo cspcjäh`jn, jfoluotn y jfdk`onmn.
=. Clcjutnr njt`v`mnmcs mc cdpicf mc ifs dcm`fs mc frmco `otcrof y
pfi`j`ni mci jfdpfocotc co tnrcns cspcjäh`jns rut`onr`ns, mc jfohfrd`mnm
jfo
jfo in ic
icyy rc
rcsp
spcj
cjt`v
t`vn.
n. 3. Jffp
Jffpcr
crnr
nr co in
inss huoj
huoj`f
`foc
ocss mc
mc<< [c
[csb
sbun
unrm
rmf
f
onj`
onj`fo
foni
ni,, ci rc
rcsb
sbun
unrm
rmf
f d`
d`oc
ocrf
rf y in bunr
bunrmc
mcrä
rän
n mc
mcii nd
ndk`
k`co
cotc
tc y mc if
ifss
rcjursfs onturnics. 8. Jffpcrnr co in prcvcoj`úo c `ovcst`bnj`úo mc ifs
mci`t
mci`tfs
fs pr
prcv
cv`s
`stf
tfss co in ic
icb`
b`si
sinj
nj`ú
`úo
o sf
sfkr
krc
c in dn
dntc
tcr`
r`n
n mc sust
sustno
noj`
j`ns
ns
cstupchnj`cotcs y ps`jftrúp`jns, jfotrn ci scjucstrf y in cxtfrs`úo, in
scbur`mnm hrfotcr`zn y rurni, in scbur`mnm v`ni, in v`b`inoj`n n `omustr`ns mc
 

jnrîjt
jnrîjtcr
cr cstrn
cstrntàb
tàb`jf
`jf,, pu
pucrt
crtfs
fs y ncrfp
ncrfpucr
ucrtfs
tfs,, jf
jfotr
otrfi
fi d`b
d`brnt
rntfr`
fr`f,
f, frm
frmco
co
püki`j
püki`jf,
f, scb
scbur`
ur`mnm
mnm j`u
j`umnm
mnmnon
non,, `ov
`ovcst
cst`bn
`bnj`ú
j`úo
o pco
pconi,
ni, npf
npfyf,
yf, ju
justf
stfm`n
m`n y
v`b`ino
v`b`inoj`n
j`n mc ins `os
`ostni
tninj
nj`fo
`focs
cs y mci pnt
pntr`d
r`dfo`
fo`f
f mci Ufmcr
Ufmcr Icb
Icb`si
`sint`
nt`vf,
vf,
Ufmcr Lum`j`ni, Ufmcr J`umnmnof y Ufmcr Cicjtfrni, y npfyf n úrbnofs mc
Urft
Urftcj
cjj`
j`úo
úo J`v`
J`v`ii y Nm
Nmd`
d`o`
o`st
strn
rnj`
j`úo
úo mc Mc
Mcsn
snst
strc
rcs7
s72.
2. Un
Unrt
rt`j
`j`p
`pnr
nr co in
clcj
clcjuj
uj`ú
`úo
o mc if
ifss pino
pinocs
cs mc cdpi
cdpicf
cf mc in Hu
Hucr
crzn
zn Nrdn
Nrdnmn
mn Onj`
Onj`fo
foni
ni
Kfi`vnr`non.
 

1. Urcstnr npfyf fpcrnj`foni y mc trnospfrtc tcrrcstrc, onvni y nàrcf n ifs

mcdî
mcdîss jf
jfdp
dpfo
foco
cotc
tcss y n in D`
D`i`j
i`j`n
`n On
Onj`
j`fo
foni
ni Kf
Kfi`i`vn
vnr`
r`no
non7
n7 0. Cl
Clcr
crjc
jcr 
r 
njj`fo
njj`focs
cs mc pino`h
pino`h`jn
`jnj`ú
j`úo
o y clcjuj
clcjuj`úo
`úo mc ins fpcrnj
fpcrnj`fo
`focs
cs tàj
tàjo`j
o`jns
ns y
dntcr`nics mc pfi`jän nmd`o`strnt`vn bcocrni, cspcj`ni y mc `ovcst`bnj`úo
pconi jfohfrdc n in icy, co jffpcrnj`úo jfo ifs frbno`sdfs jfdpctcotcs7
>5.. Ins mc
>5 mcdî
dîss qu
quc
c scþn
cþnic
ico
o in
inss ic
icyycs
cs,, if
ifss rcb
cbiindc
ndcotfs
otfs y ftrf
trfs
`ostrudcotfs mci frmcond`cotf luräm`jf v`bcotc cspcj`ni ins rcinj`fonmns
jfo ci npfyf n ins nutfr`mnmcs j`v`ics co if rchcrcotc n in jfoscrvnj`úo mc
in scbur`mnm.
]fmf cstf ofs mn uon X`s`úo dîs prfhuomn sfkrc ci pnpci quc
mcscdpcþn in hucrzn nrdnmn onj`foni kfi`vnr`non y co cstc jnsf in
bunrm`n onj`foni kfi`vnr`non mfomc t`coc ci mckcr mc scr bnrnotc mc in
scbur`mnm y ci frmco `otcrof quc ci cstnmf vcoczfinof co juniqu`cr îrcn f
rcb`
rcb`úo
úo quc
quc rc
rcqu
qu`c
`crn
rn sus
sus sc
scrv
rv`j
`j`f
`fss co cs
cstc
tc jn
jnssf co ci îdk`
îdk`tf
tf mc
cstupchnj`cotcs y su trîh`jf jfdf pr`oj`pni cicdcotf mc dno`fkrn.
 

Icy Frbîo`jn Mc In Hucrzn Nrdnmn Onj`foni Kfi`vnr`non

Uuki`jnmn Co In Bnjctn Fh`j`ni
Mc In [cpüki`jn Kfi`vnr`non Mc Xcoczucin O¼ :1.;15 Mci ;8 Mc
Zcpt`cdkrc Mc ;553.
Nrtäjuif =
Zfo
Zfo hu
huoj
oj`f
`foc
ocss mc in Hu
Hucr
crzn
zn Nrdn
Nrdnmn
mn Onj`
Onj`fo
foni
ni Kf
Kfi`v
i`vnr
nr`n
`non
on in
inss
s`bu`cotcs<
>. Nscburnr in sfkcrnoän picon y lur`sm`jj`úo mc in [cpüki`jn co ifs
cspnj`fs jfot`ocotnics, îrcns dnr`ons y sukdnr`ons, `osuinrcs, injustrcs,
hiuv`nics, îrcns dnr`ons `otcr`frcs a`stúr`jns y v`tnics, ins jfdprcom`mns
mcot
mcotrf
rf mc ins
ins iäoc
iäocns
ns mc kn
knsc
sc rc
rcjt
jtn
n qu
quc
c an nm
nmfp
fptn
tnmf
mf f nm
nmfp
fptc
tc in
[cpüki`jn7 ci sucif y suksucif mc àstfs7 ci cspnj`f nàrcf jfot`ocotni,
`osuinr y dnrät`df7 y ifs rcjursfs quc co ciifs sc cojucotrno.
;. Mchcomcr ifs puotfs cstrntàb`jfs quc bnrnot`zno ci mcscovfiv`d`cotf
mc ins njt`v`
njt`v`mnm
mnmcs
cs mc ifs m`hcrc
m`hcrcotc
otcss îdk`tf
îdk`tfs<
s< sfj
sfj`ni
`ni,, pfi
pfiät`
ät`jf,
jf, jui
juitur
turni,
ni,
bcfbrîh`jf, ndk`cotni d`i`tnr y cjfoúd`jf y tfdnr ins prcv`s`focs pnrn
cv`tnr su usf pfr juniqu`cr pftcoj`ni `ovnsfr.
:. Urcpnrnr y frbno`znr ni puckif pnrn in Mchcosn @otcbrni jfo ci Urfpús`tf
mc jfnmyuvnr n in `omcpcomcoj`n, sfkcrnoän c `otcbr`mnm mci cspnj`f
bcfbrîh`jf mc in Onj`úo.
=. Unrt`j`pnr co ni`nozns f jfni`j`focs jfo ins Hucrzns Nrdnmns mc ftrfs
pnäscs pnrn ifs h`ocs mc in `otcbrnj`úo mcotrf mc ins jfom`j`focs quc sc
cstnkiczjno co ifs trntnmfs, pnjtfs f jfovco`fs `otcronj`fonics, prcv`n
nprfknj`úo mc in Nsndkicn Onj`foni.
3. Hfrd
Hfrdnr
nr pn
pnrt
rtc
c mc d`
d`s`
s`fo
focs
cs mc pnz,
pnz, jf
jfos
ost`t`tu
tu`m
`mns
ns mc
mcot
otrf
rf mc in
inss
m`sp
m`spfs
fs`j
`j`f
`foc
ocss jfot
jfotco
co`m
`mns
ns co if
ifss tr
trnt
ntnm
nmfs
fs vî
vîi`i`mn
mndc
dcot
otc
c su
susj
sjr`
r`tf
tfss y
rnt`h`jnmfs pfr in [cpüki`jn Kfi`vnr`non mc Xcoczucin prcv`n nprfknj`úo
mc in Nsndkicn Onj`foni.
 

8. Npfynr n ifs m`st`otfs o`vcics y rndns mci Ufmcr Uüki`jf co in clcjuj`úo

mc tnrcns v`ojuinmns n ifs îdk`tfs sfj`ni, pfiät`jn, juiturni, bcfbrîh`jn,
ndk`cotni, cjfoúd`jn y co fpcrnj`focs mc prftcjj`úo j`v`i co s`tunj`focs
mc mcsnstrcs co ci dnrjf mc ifs
i fs pinocs jfrrcspfom`cotcs.
2. Jfotr`ku`r co prcscrvnr f rcst`tu`r ci frmco `otcrof, hrcotc n brnvcs
pcrturknj`focs sfj`nics, prcv`n mcj`s`úo mci Urcs`mcotc f Urcs`mcotn mc in
[cpüki`jn Kfi`vnr`non mc Xcoczucin y Jfdnomnotc co Lchc mc in Hucrzn
 Nrdnmn Onj`foni Kfi`vnr`non.
Kfi`vnr`non.
1. Frbno`znr, pino`h`jnr, m`r`b`r y jfotrfinr ci Z`stcdn mc @otci`bcoj`n D`i`tnr 
y Jfotrn`otci`bcoj`n D`i`tnr mc in Hucrzn Nrdnmn Onj`foni Kfi`vnr`non7
0. Urfdfvcr y rcni`znr njt`v`mnmcs mc `ovcst`bnj`úo y mcsnrrfiif, quc
jfotr`kuyno ni prfbrcsf j`cotäh`jf y tcjofiúb`jf mc in Onj`úo, m`r`b`mns n
jfnmyuvnr n in `omcpcomcoj`n tcjofiúb`jn mc in Hucrzn Nrdnmn Onj`foni
Kfi`vnr`non.
>5.. Noni
>5 Noni`z
`znr
nr,, hf
hfrd
rdui
uinr
nr,, cstu
cstum`
m`nr
nr y m`
m`hu
huom
om`r
`r ci Uc
Ucos
osnd
nd`c
`cot
otf
f D`
D`i`i`tn
tnr 
r 
Xcoczfinof.
>>. Unrt`j`pnr co ci mcsnrrfiif mc jcotrfs mc prfmujj`úo mc k`cocs y
prcstnj`úo mc scrv`j`fs `otcbrnmfs mc in Hucrzn Nrdnmn Onj`foni
Kfi`vnr`non.
>;. Hfrduinr y Clcjutnr ci Uino Cstrntàb`jf mc Mcsnrrfiif mc in Hucrzn
 Nrdnmn Onj`foni Kfi`vnr`non mc njucrmf jfo ins iäocns bcocrnics mci
Uino mc Mcsnrrfiif Cjfoúd`jf y Zfj`ni mc in Onj`úo.
>:. Unrt`j`pnr y jffpcrnr co ins njt`v`mnmcs mc küsqucmn y snivndcotf mc
jfoh
jfohfr
frd`
d`mn
mnm
m jfo
jfo in ic
icyy y co clcj
clcjuj
uj`ú
`úo
o mc if
ifss trnt
trntnm
nmfs
fs vî
vîi`i`mn
mndc
dcot
otc
c
susjr`tfs y rnt`h`jnmfs pfr in [cpüki`jn Kfi`vnr`non mc Xcoczucin.
>=. In huoj`úo dctcfrfiúb`jn quc sc iicvc n jnkf jfo h`ocs mc scbur`mnm y
mchcosn mc in Onj`úo, nsä jfdf in jfosfi`mnj`úo y fpcrnj`úo mc su rcm.
>3. Urcstnr npfyf n ins
i ns jfduo`mnmcs co jnsf mc jntîstrfhcs, jnind`mnmcs
püki`jns y ftrfs njfotcj`d`cotfs s`d`inrcs.
>8. In pfscs`úo y ci usf cxjius`vf mc nrdns mc bucrrn, nsä jfdf, rcbuinr,
supc
supcrv
rv`s
`snr
nr y jf
jfot
otrf
rfin
inrr in hn
hnkr
kr`j
`jnj
nj`ú
`úo,
o, `d
`dpf
pfrt
rtnj
nj`ú
`úo,
o, cx
cxpf
pfrt
rtnj
nj`ú
`úo,
o,
nidnjcond`cotf, trîos`tf, rcb`strf, pfrtc, tcocoj`n, jfotrfi, `ospcjj`úo.
 

Icy Frbîo`jn Mc Ifs Jfosclfs Jfduonics, Uuki`jnmn Co In Bnjctn

Fh`j`ni Mc In [cpüki`jn Kfi`vnr`non Mc Xcoczucin O¼ :0.::3 Mc Hcjan
;1 Mc M`j`cdkrc Mc ;550.

Jnpätuif @X

Huoj`fond`cotf mci Jfosclf Jfduoni

Huoj`focs mci Úrbnof Clcjut`vf

Nrtäjuif ;>.

Ci Jfosclf Jfduoni n trnvàs mc su úrbnof clcjut`vf tcomrî ins s`bu`cotcs

huoj`focs<

>. Clcjutnr ins mcj`s`focs mc in Nsndkicn mc J`umnmnofs y J`umnmnons.

;. Nrt`juinr jfo ins frbno`znj`focs sfj`nics prcscotcs co in jfduo`mnm y
prfdfvcr in jrcnj`úo mc oucvns frbno`znj`focs mfomc scn ocjcsnr`f, co
mchc
mchcos
osn
n mci
mci `o
`otc
tcrà
ràss jf
jfic
icjt
jt`v
`vf
f y ci mcsn
mcsnrr
rrfi
fiif
if `o
`otc
tcbr
brni
ni,, sf
sfst
stco
co`k
`kic
ic y
sustcotnkic mc ins jfduo`mnmcs.

:. Cink
Cinkfr
frnr
nr pino
pinocs
cs mc tr
trnk
nknl
nlf
f pnrn
pnrn sf
sfiv
ivco
cotn
tnrr if
ifss prfk
prfkic
icdn
dnss qu
quc
c in
jfdu
jfduo`
o`mn
mnm
m pucm
pucmn
n rc
rcsf
sfiv
ivcr
cr jf
jfo
o su
suss prfp
prfp`f
`fss rcju
rcjurs
rsfs
fs y cv
cvni
niun
unrr su
suss
rcsuitnmfs.

=. Frbno`znr ci vfiuotnr`nmf sfj`ni co jnmn uof mc ifs jfd`tàs mc trnknlf.

3. Hfrdni`znr su rcb`strf notc in rcspcjt`vn Jfd`s`úo Urcs`mcoj`ni mci

Ufmcr Ufpuinr.

8. Frbno`znr ci Z`stcdn mc @ohfrdnj`úo Jfduo`tnr`n.

2. Urfdfvcr in sfi`j`tum mc trnoshcrcoj`ns mc scrv`j`fs, pnrt`j`pnj`úo co ifs

prfjcsfs cjfoúd`jfs, bcst`úo mc cdprcsns püki`jns y rcjupcrnj`úo mc
cdprcsns pnrni`znmns dcm`notc dcjno`sdfs nutfbcst`fonr`fs.
 

1 Urfdfvcr ci clcrj`j`f mc in `o`j`nt`vn icb`sint`vn y pnrt`j`pnr co ifs

prfjcsfs mc jfosuitn co ci dnrjf mci pnrindcotnr`sdf sfj`ni.

0. Urfdfvcr ci clcrj`j`f y mchcosn mc in sfkcrnoän c `otcbr`mnm tcrr`tfr`ni

mc in onj`úo.

>5.. Cink
>5 Cinkfr
frnr
nr ci Uino
Uino mc Mc
Mcsn
snrr
rrfi
fiif
if mc in Jf
Jfdu
duo`
o`mn
mnm
m n trnv
trnvàs
às mc
mcii
m`nboúst`jf pnrt`j`pnt`vf, co ci dnrjf mc in cstrntcb`n comúbcon.

>>. Ins mcdîs huoj`focs cstnkicj`mns ci [cbindcotf mc in prcscotc Icy y

ins quc scno nprfknmns pfr in Nsndkicn mc J`umnmnofs y J`umnmnons.

Cs nsä jfdf in Bunrm`n mci Uuckif jrcn pinocs mc nrt`juinj`úo sfj`ni,

iicv
iicvno
nomf
mf n jnkf
jnkf in
inkf
kfrc
rcss sfj`
sfj`ni
nics
cs juit
juitur
urni
nics
cs in
inss juni
junics
cs sf
sfo<
o< Zn
Zniu
ium,
m,
 Ni`dcotnj`úo, Cmujnj`úo c @mcot`mnm Onj`foni, Mcpfrtc, Juiturn, Zcrv`j`fs
Kîs`jfs y mc @ohfrdnj`úo y Jfduo`jnj`úo.
Ci jfdn
jfdnom
omf
f mc in Bu
Bunr
nrm`
m`n
n Mc
Mcii Uuck
Uuckif
ifcoi
coifs
fs ]c
]cqu
qucs
cs Cs
Cstn
tnmf
mf
D`rnomnhuomndcotnrn co in nrt`juinj`úo sfj`ni, in juni sc njt`vnrn mcsmc ci
dîs däo`df o`vci anstn nijnoznr in dîs nitn jni`mnm mc k`cocstnr sfj`ni y
jfduon
jfduonii pn
pnrn
rn in Unrrfq
Unrrfqu`n
u`n,, `otcot
`otcotnom
nomf
f prf
prfhuo
huom`z
m`znr
nr in cxpcr`
cxpcr`coj
coj`n
`n mc
dnyfr prftnbfo`sdf mc ifs bfk`crofs rcb`fonics y mcpnrtndcotnics mc
ifs bfk`crofs ifjnics f duo`j`pnics co in `dpicdcotnj`úo, mc ifs pinocs,
prfbrndns y prfycjtfs [cb`fonics y M`str`tnics.

Nquä vno ins pfs`kics sfiuj`focs

Ci prcs
prcsco
cotc
tc `o
`ohf
hfrd
rdc
c tî
tîjt
jt`j
`jf
f sc sust
sustco
cotú
tú co uo
uon
n dc
dctf
tfmf
mfif
ifbä
bän
n mc
`ovcst`bnj`úo juni`tnt`vn, mck`mf n quc sc rcni`znrfo fkscrvnj`focs y
mcsj
mcsjr`
r`pj
pj`f
`foc
ocss if ju
juni
ni pc
pcrd
rd`t`
`t`ú
ú in `m
`mco
cot`h
t`h`j
`jnj
nj`ú
`úo
o y m`
m`nb
nboú
oúst
st`j
`jf
f mc
mcii
prfkicdn. Nmcdîs, tni jfdf if cxprcsn Xns`inja`s, (;558).

’I
’In
n `o
`ovc
vcst
st`b
`bnj
nj`ú
`úoo juni
juni`t`tnt
nt`v
`vn
n ku
kusj
sjnn mc
mcsj
sjukukr`r
r`r if oucv
oucvf
f y
mcsnr
mc snrrfi
rfiinr
inr tcf
tcfrän
ränss huomnd
huomndcot cotnmn
nmnss cdp
cdpär`
är`jnd
jndcot
cotc
c y cs su
 

rcinj`úo jfo in tcfrän, jfo su jrcnj`úo, jfo su ndpi`nj`úo, jfo

su dfm`h`jnj`úo y jfo su supcrnj`úo, if quc in anjc rcicvnotc.
@otcotn jfdprcomcr, anjcr ni jnsf `om`v`muni s`bo`h`jnt`vf co ci
jfotcxtf mc in tcfrän, prfvcc oucvns pcrspcjt`vns sfkrc if quc
sc jfofjc, sc mcsjr`kc, sc cxpi`jn, sc jfostruyc y sc mcsjukrc—
(pîb. :2).

Ufr ftrn pnrtc,

’In pnrt`juinr sfi`mcz mc in `ovcst`bnj`úo juni`tnt`vn ynjc co ci
jfofj`d`cotf quc prfpfrj`fon njcrjn mc in m`oîd`jn mc ifs
prfjcsfs sfj`nics, mci jndk`f y mci jfotcxtf sfj`ni y co su
ank`i`mnm pnrn jfotcstnr, co csfs mfd`o`fs n ins prcbuotns
¶Júdf6 y ¶Ufr quà6— (pîb. ;3).
Mc cstc dfmf, in `ovcst`bnj`úo juni`tnt`vn prctcomc in jfdprcos`úo
mc ins jfdpiclns `otcrrcinj`focs quc sc mno co in rcni`mnm. Ns`d`sdf, cs
vîi`mf rcsnitnr quc ’In `ovcst`bnj`úo mc jnrîjtcr juni`tnt`vf an nmqu`r`mf
uon
uon brno
brno rc
rcic
icvn
vnoj
oj`n
`n co ci îdk`
îdk`tf
tf cm
cmuj
ujnt
nt`v
`vf,
f, mn
mnmf
mf qu
quc
c pc
pcrd
rd`t`tc
c uo
njcrjn
njcrjnd`
d`co
cotf
tf dîs
dîs bifk
bifkni
ni y jf
jfdp
dprc
rcos
os`v
`vf
f mc in rcni
rcni`m
`mnm
nm—— (D
(Dur
ur`ii
`iif
f y
Dnrtäocz, ;5>5).

Zcbüo ci o`vci mc `ovcst`bnj`úo, cs mcj`r, ci brnmf mc prfhuom`mnm

jfo quc sc nkfrmn uo hcoúdcof u fklctf mc cstum`f, cstc `ohfrdc tîjt`jf
sc codnrjú co uon `ovcst`bnj`úo mcsjr`pt`vn., ni rcspcjtf scþnin Znk`of
(;558), in `ovcst`bnj`úo mcsjr`pt`vn ’cs mcsjr`k`r nibuons jnrnjtcräst`jns
huomndcotnics mc jfoluotfs afdfbàocfs mc hcoúdcofs—. (p.8;),

Ufrr ft
Uf ftrf
rf in
inmf
mf,, \`
\`gd
gdum
um,, (;
(;55
551)
1),, `o
`om`
m`jn
jn qu
quc
c in `o
`ovc
vcst
st`b
`bnj
nj`ú
`úo
o
mcsjr`pt`vn cs nquciin
pcrsfons, brupfs, quc rch`crc ins
frbno`znj`focs jnrnjtcräst`jns
f cotfrofs, mctrntn
cs mcj`r fklctf,
mc
p`otnr uo junmrf mc uon s`tunj`úo, m`jafs cstum`fs sc cohfjno
co ins prcbuotns, qu`co, quc, junomf, mfomc y jfdf.
Co cstc prfjcsf sc rcqu`crc rcjficjtnr mntfs dcm`notc tàjo`jns c
`ostrudcotfs ifs junics sfo ifs rcjursfs mc ifs quc vnic ci `ovcst`bnmfr 
pnrn fktcocr in `ohfrdnj`úo ocjcsnr`n y jukr`r ins ocjcs`mnmcs mc in
`ovcst
`ovcst`bn
`bnj`ú
j`úo
o pin
pinotc
otcnmn
nmn.. Ins tàj
tàjo`j
o`jns
ns mc rcj
rcjfic
ficjj
jj`úo
`úo mc mnt
mntfs
fs anjco
anjco
rchcrcoj`n n in dnocrn co in juni sc rcjnumnrî in `ohfrdnj`úo. Zcbüo
Jnonics y Ftrfs (;55:)< ’In tàjo`jn sc cot`comc jfdf ni jfoluotf mc

rcbins y prfjcm`d`cotfs quc ic pcrd`tco ni `ovcst`bnmfr cstnkicjcr in

 

rcinj`úo jfo ci fklctf f sulctf mc in `ovcst`bnj`úo— (p.>8;).Ins tàjo`jns

anjco
anjco rchcrc
rchcrcoj`
oj`n
n n dfmfs
dfmfs csp
cspcjä
cjäh`j
h`jfs
fs mc an
anjcr
jcr ins jfsns,
jfsns, pcr
pcrd`t
d`tco
co
mcsnrrfiinr jnmn pnsf mci dàtfmf. Zc rch`crc n in cxprcs`úo dcm`notc in
juni ci `ovcst`bnmfr prcj`sn if quc mcscn snkcr jfo ci cstum`f quc cstî
`o`j`nomf, mc dnocrn jfomcosnmn, prcj`sn, jinrn, krcvc y jfojrctn.

Co cstc jnsf in tàjo`jn ut`i`znmn cs in fkscrvnj`úo, Zcbüo Nr`ns

(;55
(;558)
8),, ’j
’jfo
fos`
s`st
stc
c co v`su
v`suni
ni`z
`znr
nr f jnpt
jnptnr
nr dc
dcm`
m`no
notc
tc in v`
v`st
stn,
n, co hfrd
hfrdn
n
s`stcdît`jn, juniqu`cr acjaf, hcoúdcof f s`tunj`úo quc sc prfmuzjn co in
onturniczn f co in sfj`cmnm, co huoj`úo mc uofs fklct`vfs mc `ovcst`bnj`úo
prcc
prccst
stnk
nkic
icj`
j`mf
mfs—
s—.. (p
(p.. 80).
80). Nsä
Nsä d`
d`sd
sdf
f in fksc
fkscrv
rvnj
nj`ú
`úo
o m`
m`rc
rcjt
jtn,
n, sc
scbü
büo
o
Aurtnmf (;5>5)< ’[cqu`crc quc ci `ovcst`bnmfr tcobn njjcsf m`rcjtf ni
cvcotf mc cstum`f y scn jfotcdpfrîocf jfo cstc, cs mcj`r, quc scn
tcst`bf mc ins dno`hcstnj`focs mci cvcotf—. Zc rcni`znrî in fkscrvnj`úo
m`rcjtn co ci s`t`f mc `ovcst`bnj`úo u fklctf mc cstum`f pnrn jfofjcr in
pnrt`j`pnj`úo mci `ovcst`bnmfr co ci iubnr mfomc sc mcsnrrfiino ifs sujcsfs
y njfotcj`d`cotfs j`tnmfs.

Co ju
juno
notf
tf n ifs
ifs `ost
`ostru
rudc
dcot
otf
f n ut`i
ut`i`z
`znr
nr mc
mcpc
pcom
omcr
crî
î mc
mcii t`pf
t`pf mc
`ovcst`bnj`úo, cs `dpfrtnotc rcjnijnr quc juniqu`cr `ostrudcotf mckc cstnr 
co rcinj`úo cstrcjan jfo ins vnr`nkics hfrduinmns, ins vndfs n noni`znr y
cstum`nr n pnrt`r mc csc `ostrudcotf, scbüo, Acroîomcz ct. ni., (;5>5).
Cxprcsno quc ’sc cot`comc jfdf ci rcjursf quc ut`i`zn ci `ovcst`bnmfr 
pnrn rcb`strnr `ohfrdnj`úo f mntfs sfkrc ins vnr`nkics quc t`coc co dcotc—.
Zcbüo Aurtnmf (;5>5), jfost`tuyc in acrrnd`cotn dcm`notc in juni cs
pfs`kic npi`jnr uon mctcrd`onmn tàjo`jn mc rcjficjj`úo mc `ohfrdnj`úo, co
cstc jnsf sc ut`i`zú uo i`krf mc oftns, jîdnrn hftfbrîh`jn.

Mc cstc dfmf, in `ovcst`bnj`úo juni`tnt`vn prctcomc in jfdprcos`úo

mc ins jfdpiclns `otcrrcinj`focs quc sc mno co in rcni`mnm. Ns`d`sdf, vnic
inpcon rcsnitnr quc ’in `ovcst`bnj`úo mc jnrîjtcr juni`tnt`vf an nmqu`r`mf
uon
uon brno
brno rc
rcic
icvn
vnoj
oj`n
`n co ci îd
îdk`
k`tf
tf cmuj
cmujnt
nt`v
`vf,
f, mn
mnmf
mf qu
quc
c pc
pcrd
rd`tc
`tc uo
njcrjnd`cotf dîs bifkni y jfdprcos`vf mc in rcni`mnm—.
 

Dur`iif y Dnrtäocz, ;5>5. Mc cstn dnocrn, in dctfmfifbän cdpicnmn

co cstc trnknlf, pcrd`t`ú mc dnocrn brnmuni in rchicx`úo sfkrc in prîjt`jn,
mfomc cstc prfjcsf huc dcm`nmf pfr in jfdprcos`úo, m`nboúst`jf mc in
prfkic
prfkicdît
dît`jn
`jn v`ni,
v`ni, `otcrp
`otcrprct
rctnj
nj`úo
`úo,, noîi`s
noîi`s`s
`s mci
mci jf
jfotc
otcxtf
xtf .]c
.]co`c
o`com
omf
f co

jucotn if notcr`fr, jnkc mcstnjnr quc in jfostrujj`úo mc cstc `ohfrdc

tîjt`jf, a`zf pnrtc mc uo prfjcsf jfot`ouf mc `ovcst`bnj`úo murnotc ifs
üit`dfs dcscs mc, pcr`fmf co ci juni sc sustcotn pnrtc mc in dctfmfifbän
cdpicnmn pnrn cstc.
Ci nkfrmnlc dctfmfiúb`jf mc in prcscotc `ovcst`bnj`úo jfost`tuyc ci
nspcjtf tcjof-fpcrnt`vf, mfomc sc uk`jn co mctniic, ci dàtfmf, in tàjo`jn
y ci `ostrudcotf mc rcjficjj`úo mc `ohfrdnj`úo quc hucrfo cdpicnmfs
murnotc in rcni`znj`úo mc in d`sdn, in juni sc pinotcú jfdf fklct`vf
huomndcotni.

FKLC]@XF

In juiturn sfj`ni scbüo Ocwtfo y Mnv`s (>00:) sc mch`oc jfdf " ci

dcm`f ndk`cotc sfj`ni mc ins jrccoj`ns jrcnmns pfr ifs scrcs audnofs,
ins jfstudkrcs, ifs jfofj`d`cotfs, y ins prîjt`jns quc mch`oco in jfomujtn
jfovcoj`foni co uon sfj`cmnm". Cstn jfomujtn jfovcoj`foni njcptnmn co
uon sfj`cmnm `ohiucoj`n tfmfs ifs o`vcics jfosj`cotcs y sukjfosj`cotcs
mci pcosnd`cotf quc `ohiuyco co ins njj`focs quc uo `om`v`muf rcni`zn, mc
jfoh
jfohfr
frd`
d`mn
mnm
m jfo
jfo in
inss cxpc
cxpcjt
jtnt
nt`v
`vns
ns mc if
ifss mc
mcdî
dîss d`
d`cd
cdkr
krfs
fs mc cs
csn
n
sfj`cmnm.
]ndk`à
]ndk`ào
o jfov`c
jfov`coc
oc mcs
mcstnj
tnjnr,
nr, quc s` sc s`buc
s`buco
o ifs dfv`d`
dfv`d`cot
cotfs
fs
Int`ofndcr`jnofs, sc fkscrvno m`hcrcotcs dnocrns mc jfdprcomcr jfdf
in nrt`juinj`úo sfj`ni cs uo dàtfmf mc npfynr n ifs scjtfrcs cxjiu`mfs, co
Kfbf
Kfbftî
tî Jf
Jfif
ifdk
dk`n
`n sc jr
jrcn
cn ci UNZ
UNZ (Uuo
(Uuotf
tfss mc Nrt`j
Nrt`jui
uinj
nj`ú
`úo
o Zfj`
Zfj`ni
ni).
).
Dcm
Dcm`n
`no
otc cst
stf
f juco
cotn
tn quc sf
sfo
o iu
iub
bnrcs
nrcs co ifs tcrr
tcrr`t`tf
fr`fs
r`fs mfomc
fomc
j`umnmnoäns y M`str`tfs jrcnrîo oucvns hfrdns mc rcinj`fond`cotf sfj`ni n
pnrt
pnrt`r
`r mc `o
`otc
tcbr
brnr
nr n scjt
scjtfr
frcs
cs a`st
a`stúr
úr`j
`jnd
ndco
cotc
tc cx
cxji
jiu`
u`mf
mfs,
s, dc
dcm`
m`no
notc
tc in
rcni`znj`úo mc mcrcjafs. @dpi`jn jfdprcomcr ifs m`st`otfs jfohi`jtfs quc
sc v`vco co ifs tcrr`tfr`fs, kusjnr cstrntcb`ns jficjt`vns pnrn rcsfivcrifs y
 

m`vuibnr in juiturn mc in `ojius`úo sfj`ni, jfdf knsc mci pnjtf mc pnz quc
kusjn jfostru`r ci pnäs.
Z`
Z`o
o cd
cdkn
knrb
rbf
f `b
`bun
unid
idco
cotc
tc sc iiiicv
cvn
n n jn
jnkf
kf co Kuco
Kucofs
fs N`
N`rc
rcss
 Nrbcot`on, quc prctcomc ci mcsnrrfiif sfj`f jfduo`tnr`f, mc `buni
` buni hfrdn co

Kfbftî Jfifdk`n sc jrcn ci UNZ (Uuotfs mc Nrt`juinj`úo Zfj`ni) pnrn

iicb
iicbnr
nr n csfs
csfs iu
iubn
bnrc
rcss y sc
scjt
jtfr
frcs
cs cx
cxji
jiu`
u`mf
mfss pf
pfrr if
ifss mc
mcdî
dîss sc
scjt
jtfr
frcs
cs,,
dcm`notc ciif sc pucmc
pucmc nprcj`nr quc
quc ni jrcnr uo pino mc
mc njt`v`mnmcs pnrn
pnrn
ins jfduo`mnmcsmc ifs ]cqucs Cstnmf D`rnomn.

Ci jfdpfocotc Bunrm`n Onj`foni Kfi`vnr`nof sc jrcn pfr frmco mci

Urcs`mcotc hniicj`mf Aubf [nhnci Jaîvcz hräns, mc njucrmf n in ocjcs`mnm
mc csfs scjtfrcs
scjtfrcs cxjiu
cxjiu`mfs
`mfs y dcofs hnvfr
hnvfrnkic
nkicss ci 51 mc ofv`cdkrc mci
nþf ;5>> pfr mcjrctf prcs`mcoj`ni anj`àomfsc chcjt`vf ci njtf co in pinzn

M`cbf @knrrn co ci jcotrf mc in J`umnm mc Jnrnjns. In Bunrm`n mci Uuckif

cs uo Jfd fdno
nomf
mf Onj` j`fo
foni
ni quc
quc mcp
cpco
commc mc in Bunr
Bunrmm`n Onj
Onj`f
`fo
oni
Kfi`vnr`non, juyn huoj`úo pr`oj`pni cs in nrt`juinj`úo sfj`ni co jnmn uof mc
ifs scjtfrcs mci Unäs.
Cs nsä jfdf in Bunrm`n mci Uuckif jrcn pinocs mc nrt`juinj`úo sfj`ni,
iicv
iicvno
nomf
mf n jnkf
jnkf in
inkf
kfrc
rcss sfj`
sfj`ni
nics
cs juit
juitur
urni
nics
cs in
inss juni
junics
cs sf
sfo<
o< Zn
Zniu
ium,
m,
 Ni`dcotnj`úo, Cmujnj`úo c @mcot`mnm Onj`foni, Mcpfrtc, Juiturn, Zcrv`j`fs
Kîs`jfs y mc @ohfrdnj`úo y Jfduo`jnj`úo.
Ci jfdn
jfdnom
omf
f mc in Bu
Bunr
nrm`
m`n
n Mc
Mcii Uuck
Uuckif
ifcoi
coifs
fs ]c
]cqu
qucs
cs Cs
Cstn
tnmf
mf

D`rnomnhuomndcotnrn co in nrt`juinj`úo sfj`ni, in juni sc njt`vnrn mcsmc ci

dîs däo`df o`vci anstn nijnoznr in dîs nitn jni`mnm mc k`cocstnr sfj`ni y
jfduon
jfduonii pn
pnrn
rn in Unrrfq
Unrrfqu`n
u`n,, `otcot
`otcotnom
nomf
f prf
prfhuo
huom`z
m`znr
nr in cxpcr`
cxpcr`coj
coj`n
`n mc
dnyfr prftnbfo`sdf mc ifs bfk`crofs rcb`fonics y mcpnrtndcotnics mc
ifs bfk`crofs ifjnics f duo`j`pnics co in `dpicdcotnj`úo, mc ifs pinocs,
prfbrndns y prfycjtfs [cb`fonics y M`str`tnics.
 

IN U[FUSCZ]N

Mcsjr`pj`úo mc in Urfpucstn

In prfpucstn jfos`stc co jrcnr uo pino mc njt`v`mnmcs sfj`nics pfr 

ci Jfdnomf Onj`foni Bunrm`n mci Uuckif co prf mc in nrt`juinj`úo sfj`ni
co ins jfduo`mnmcs mc ifs ]cqucs Cstnmf D`rnomn,co ins îrcns dcofs
mcshnvfrnkics mci scjtfr, in juni kusjnrn tcocr uo pnpci sfkrcsni`cotc co
in pnrtc mc nrt`juinj`úo sfj`ni m`rcjtn jfo ci puckif n su vcz quc sc vcrî
`ohiucoj`nmf ifs vnifrcs y ci scot`mf mc npfynr n in jfduo`mnm y mc cstn
hfrdn scbu`r rchfrznomf co in rcjrcnj`úo y ins njt`v`mnmcs juiturnics n
tf
tfmf
mfss nquc
nquciif
iifss `o
`om`
m`v`
v`mu
mufs
fs qu
quc
c an
anjc
jco
o v`
v`mn
mn co in pnrr
pnrrfq
fqu`
u`n,
n, jf
jfo
o cs
cstn
tn
prfpucstn tndk`ào sc kusjn cst`duinr co ifs j`umnmnofs n pcosnr mc uon
hfrdn
hfrdn m`hcrcot
m`hcrcotc
c jf
jfo
o rcs
rcspcj
pcjtf
tf n in m`spfs`
m`spfs`j`ú
j`úo
o quc mck
mckco
co mc tco
tcocr
cr co
tfmns ins njt`v`mnmcs sfj`nics quc sc rcni`jco mc `buni hfrdn n mnr pnsf n
oucvns `mcns mc júdf anjcr mc cstn pnrrfqu`n uo dclfr iubnr pnrn ifs
d`sdfs.

In nrt`juinj`úo sfj`ni quc sc clcjutnrän pfr pnrtc mci Jfdnomf

Onj`fo
Onj`foni
ni Bunrm`
Bunrm`n
n mci Uuc
Uuckif
kif,, Mcstnj
Mcstnjndc
ndcotf
otf ifs ]cq
]cqucs
ucs.. [cb
[cb`d`
`d`cot
cotf
f
D`rnomn, scrî npi`jnmn mc hfrdn jfostnotc, pfr tni dft`vf tcomrî uo
`dp
`dpnj
njtf
tf pfs`t
fs`t`v
`vf
f mc brn
rno
o ndp
dpii`t`tu
um co tfm
tfmfs if
ifss ns
nsp
pcj
cjtf
tfss notc
otcs

dcoj`fonmfs pnrn jfo in jfduo`mnm.

 

Mc scr clcjutnmn in prfpucstn, ci kcoch`j`f pfmrî scr fkscrvnmf c

`ojius`vc pfomcrnmf tnotf n inrbf jfdf jfrtf pinzf, ni scr noni`znmf sc
pfmrän fkscrvnr uo `dpnjtf pfs`t`vf of sfif co ci îrcn mc njt`v`mnmcs
rcjrcnt`vns mc in pnrrfqu`n s`of tndk`ào co ftrfs îdk`tfs mnmf jfdf ci

npfyf mc in jfduo`mnm co in jfotr`kuj`úo mc in pnrt`j`pnj`úo mc ins

njt`v`mnmcs jäv`jfs-d`i`tnrcs.

Fklct`vfs Mc In Urfpucstn

Fklct`vf Bcocrni

  @dpicdcotnr Uino Mc Njt`v`mnmcs Zfj`nics Mci Jfdnomf Onj`foni

Bunrm`
Bunrm`n
n Mci Uuck
Uuckif
if Co Urf Mc In Nrt`ju
Nrt`juinj
inj`úo
`úo Zfj`ni
Zfj`ni Jfo Ifs
Jfosclfs Jfduonics Unrn In Urcvcoj`úo P Jfotrfi Mc Zcbur`mnm,
Ifs ]cqucs Cstnmf D`rnomn.

Fklct`vfs Cspcjäh`jfs
 @o
@osstr
tru`
u`rr n ifs j`u
`umn
mnmn
mnof
ofss pcrtc
crtco
ocj
cj`c
`co
otcs
tcs n if
ifss scjtfr
jtfrc
cs
pcrt
pcrtc
cocj`c
cj`cot
otcs
cs ni Mcstn
cstnjjndc
ndcotf
otf if
ifss ]c
]cq
quc
ucss. [c
[cb
b`d
`d``cotf
cotf
D`rnomnmci Jfdnomf Onj`foni Bunrm`n mci Uuckifco dntcr`n mc
njt`v`mnmcs sfj`nics y juiturnics.
 Cinkfrnr uo pino mc njj`focs quc pcrd`tn n tfmfs ifs j`umnmnofs
mc in pn
pnrr
rrfq
fqu`
u`n
n hf
hfrd
rdnr
nr pn
pnrt
rtc
c mc in
inss nj
njt`t`v`
v`mn
mnmc
mcss sf
sfjj`n
`nic
icss y
juiturnics.
 Urfb
Urfbrn
rndn
dnrr janr
janrin
ins,
s, jf
jfoh
ohcr
crco
coj`
j`ns
ns y ftrf
ftrfss dc
dcm`
m`fs
fs pn
pnrn
rn in hîj`
hîj`ii
jfdprcos`úo mc ifs j`umnmnofs mc ins m`hcrcotcs huoj`focs mc in
Bunrm`n mci Uuckif.
 

N^SÄ ZFO :JD

Huomndcotnj`úo mc in Urfpucstn

In ocjcs`mnm mc rcni`znr uo pino mc njt`v`mnmcs sfj`nics co ins

jfduo`mnmcs mc Ifs ]cqucs cstnmf d`rnomn, rnzúo mc quc in njtuni
prfbrn
prfbrndnj
dnj`úo
`úo mc njt`v`
njt`v`mnm
mnmcs
cs of cstî
cstî huo
huoj`f
j`fono
onomf
mf mc hfr
hfrdn
dn jfr
jfrrcj
rcjtn
tn
mck`mf n in pfjn rcjcpt`v`mnm mc in jfduo`mnm. Ufr if juni sfo ins
njt`v`mnmcs rcjrcnt`vns quc anjco v`mn co in huoj`úo pr`oj`pni mci Bunrm`n
mci Uuckif
Uuckif quc mc scr `dpi
`dpicdcot
cdcotnmfs
nmfs mc uon
uon hfrdn jfos
jfostnotc
tnotc pf
pfmrän
mrän
jfdpicdcotnr c `ojius`vc bcocrnr uo nitf äom`jc co dntcr`n mc nrt`juinj`úo
sfj`
sfj`ni
ni,, if juni
juni scrä
scrän
n pfs`
pfs`t`t`vf
vf pn
pnrn
rnin
inss jf
jfdu
duo`
o`mn
mnmc
mcss jc
jcrj
rjno
nons
ns ni
Mcstnjndc
Mcstnjndcotf
otf ifs ]cquc
]cqucs.
s. [cb`
[cb`d`cot
d`cotf
f D`rno
D`rnomnmc
mnmcii Jfdnomf
Jfdnomf Onj`
Onj`foni
foni
Bunrm`n mci Uuckif, mnmf quc scrän uo npfyf pnrn in jfduo`mnm y mc cstn
dnocrn
dnocrn ut`
ut`i`z
i`znr
nr mc hfrdn
hfrdn jfostn
jfostnotc
otc jfd
jfdf
f sc anj
anjc
c co in njtu
njtuni`
ni`mnm
mnm y
pnsnräno n tcocr m`jafs rcjursfs uo pnpci scjuomnr`f co in nrt`juinj`úo
sfj`ni
sfj`ni if juni lust`h`j
lust`h`jnrä
nrän
n in ocjcs`mn
ocjcs`mnm
m y in npi`j
npi`jnj`
nj`úo
úo mc njt
njt`v`
`v`mnm
mnmcs
cs
sfj`nics co prf mc in nrt`juinj`úo sfj`ni.

Cstrujturn mc in Urfpucstn

Co cstn îrcn sc kusjn ci jfrrcjtf cohfquc mci nutfr quc cs uon

prfkicdît`jn co m`jan uo`mnm cstf cs if pr`dcrf quc mckc anjcr, iucbf mc
quc sc t`coc in prfkicdît`jn ci nutfr ic mn uo scot`mf jfo rcspcjtf ni tcdn
quc dnocln ci d`sdf pnrn mc cstcrn pfmcr `ohiu`r co ci tutfr.

Iucbf mc tcocr uon prfkicdît`jn frbno`znmn sc kusjn huomndcotnr 

in d`sdn jfo nutfrcs pnrn tcocr uon huomndcotnj`úo f uon knsc tcúr`jn,
tfmf csf vn cstrujturnomf if quc cs in prfpucstn quc of cs dîs quc ftrn
jfsn quc uon acrrnd`cotn quc kusjn uon pfs`kic sfiuj`úo n uo prfkicdn
 

quc
quc no
notc
tcr`
r`fr
frdc
dcot
otc
c sc pr
prcs
csc
cot
otú
ú in prfpu
rfpucs
cstn
tn cs mc jnrîj
nrîjtc
tcrr mc
rcjfdcomnj`úo of cs `om`spcosnkic su `dpicdcotnj`úo.

Ci junmrf quc sc fkscrvnrî n jfot`ounj`úo cs in hfrdn mc júdf sc

cojucotrn cstrujturnmn in prfpucstn mc cstc `ohfrdc tîjt`jf<

Fklc
Fklct`
t`vf
vfss Njt`v
Njt`v`m
`mnm
nmcs
cs [cju
[cjurs
rsf
f Inps
Inpsf
f Iu
Iubn
bnrr [cspf
[cspfos
osnk
nkic
ic
s

Jfohfrdnr ins [cuo`úo jfo Jfosclf So män Uinzn ]tc. Fh`j`ni

njt`v`mnmcs ifs jfosclfs jfduoni (5>) Kfiävnr mc Jfdnomnotc mci
sfj`nics
jfduonics In junmrnotc
[`ojfonmn
Znin mc
Unrt`j`pnj`úo Janrins y Knscs mc ]rcs jfohcrcoj`ns Jnp. Fh`j`ni
mci jfdnomf jfohcrcoj`ns d`s`úo mäns mc in knsc jfdnomnotc mc
mc in bunrm`n
pnrn ci (5:) mc d`s`úo in jfdpnþän.
mci puckif pcrsfoni
Jnojan
 Nrt`juinj`úo  Njt`v`mnmcs Jfdnomf mcpfrt`vn ]joci. Fh`j`ni
sfj`ni co juiturnics y Onj`foni So män düit`pic mci Jfdnomnotc
uo`mnm jäv`jf
rcjrcnt`vns Bunrm`n mci (5>) scjtfr. [cb`d`cotf
d`i`tnr 
pnrn tfmf ci Uuckif Jnp`tni
pcrsfoni mci
Zcjtfr 

Dntr`z mc in Uino`h`jnj`úo

In dctfmfifbän mci Dnrjf Iúb`jf cs uo `ostrudcotf pnrn hnj`i`tnr ci

prfj
prfjcs
csf
f mc jfoj
jfojcp
cptu
tuni
ni`z
`znj
nj`ú
`úo,
o, m`sc
m`scþf
þf,, cl
clcj
cjuj
uj`ú
`úo
o y cv
cvni
niun
unj`
j`úo
úo mc
prfycjtfs, su àohns`s cstî jcotrnmf co in fr`cotnj`úo pfr fklct`vfs, in
fr`cotnj`úo anj`n brupfs kcoch`j`nr`fs y ci hnj`i`tnrin pnrt`j`pnj`úo y in
jfduo`jnj`úo cotrc ins pnrtcs `otcrcsnmns, Dntr`z (ci dnrjf iúb`jf), in
juni rcsudc if quc ci prfycjtf prctcomc anjcr y júdf, junics sfo ifs
supu
supucs
cstf
tfss ji
jinv
nvcs
cs y jfdf
jfdf `o
`osu
sudf
dfss y prfm
prfmuj
ujtf
tfss mc
mcii prfy
prfycj
cjtf
tf sc
scrî
rîo
o
dfo`tfrcnmfs y cvniunmfs. In s`bu`cotc cs in cxpfs`j`úo mc in dntr`z mc in
pino`h`jnj`úo mc cstn `ovcst`bnj`úo<
 

@o
@ost
stru
ru`r
`r n if
ifss j`um
j`umnm
nmno
nofs
fs pc
pcrt
rtco
cocj
cj`c
`cot
otcs
cs n in
inss jf
jfdu
duo`
o`mn
mnmc
mcss
nicmnþns ni jfdnomf mc bunrm`n puckif rcb`d`cotf ifs ]cqucs,co dntcr`n
mc njt`v`mnmcs sfj`nics y juiturnics.

  Cinkfrnr uo pino mc njj`focs quc pcrd`tn n tfmfs ifs j`umnmnofs mc in

pnrrfqu`n hfrdnr pnrtc mc ins njt`v`mnmcs sfj`nics y juiturnics.
Urfb
Urfbrn
rndn
dnrr ja
janr
nrin
ins,
s, jf
jfoh
ohcr
crco
coj`
j`ns
ns y ftrf
ftrfss dc
dcm`
m`fs
fs pn
pnrn
rn in hîj`
hîj`ii
jfdprcos`úo mc ifs j`umnmnofs mc ins m`hcrcotcs huoj`focs mc in Bunrm`n
mci Uuckif.
MCZJ[@UJ@ÚO ON[[N]@XN
@OM@JNMF[CZ DCM@FZ MC ZSUSCZ]FZ
XC[@H@JNJ@FO

H@O
Ui
Uino
no mc njtvnjtv`m
`mnm
nmcs
cs sfj`
sfj`ni
nics
cs pfr
pfr ci Jfdn
Jfdnom
omff Jnpnj`nj`úo y Unrtj`pnj`úo njtvn @ocbrnj`úo mc in bunrm`n mci puckif
Onj`foni Bunrm`n mci Uuckif co prf mc in nrtjuinj`úo hfrnicj`d`cof mci mc pcrsfoni mci jfo su jfduo`mnm pnrn nsä clcrjcr in
sfj`ni co ins jfduo`mnmcs nicmnþns ni Mcsnjndcof s`scdn mc jfdnomf mc Bunrm`n nrtjuinj`úo sfj`ni.
ifs ]cqucs [cb`d`cof D`rnomn. nrtjuinj`úo sfj`ni mc mc Uuckif
in Bunrm`n mci
Uuckif

U[FUFZ@]F Unrtj`pnj`úo njtvn

Ifbrnr in `ocbrnj`úo mci Bunrm`n mci Uuckif jfo ins mc pcrsfoni mci @ocbrnj`úo mc in bunrm`n mci puckif
jfduo`
jfd uo`mnm
mnmcs
cs mc ifs ]cqucs
]cqucs cs
csnmf
nmf d`d`rnomn. nsä  @ocbrnj`úo y
rnomn. jfdnomf mc Bunrm`n Nrtjuinj`úo sfj`ni
jfdf ifbrnr quc in uo`mnm scn dîs cj`coc co ci Nrtjuinj`úo sfj`ni mc Uuckif
judpi`d`cof mc sus huoj`focs
JFDUFOCO]C > Unrtj`pnj`úo njtvn Jfofjcr in pnrtj`pnj`úo quc tcoc in
@mc
@mcot
otjnr
jnr in s`unj
s`unj`úo
`úo njuni
njuni mc in Bun
Bunrm`
rm`n
n mci Z`unj`úo njuni mc pcrsfoni mci bunr
bunrm`
m`n
n mci
mci puck
puckif
if mco
mcorf
rf mc in
inss
Uuckif co ifs jfosclfs jfduonics. Jfosclfs jfduonics jfdnomf mc Bunrm`n jfduo`mnmcs
mc Uuckif

JFDUFOCO]C ; Unrtj`pnj`úo njtvn

Fr
Fr`b
`b`o
`onr
nr njtv
njtv`m
`mnm
nmcs
cs rc
rcjr
jrcn
cntv
tvns
ns,, mcpf
mcpfrt
rtvn
vns,
s, mc pcrsfoni mci Njtvnr in pnrtj`pnj`úo jfduo`nr`n
juiurnic
juiu rnics,
s, sniu
snium
m y rci`b
rci`b`fsn
`fsns,
s, co ins jfduo`mnm
jfduo`mnmcs
cs Urfdfvcr jfdnomf mc Bunrm`n
`ovfiujrn
`ovfiujrnomf
omf n In Bunrm`n mci Uuckif luof n ifs njtv`mnmcs
jfosclfs jfduonics mc Uuckif
JFDUFOCO]C : Unrtj`pnj`úo njtvn
Urcj
Urcj`p
`p`
`nr
nr in `o
`oc
crv
rvco
coj`
j`úo
úo mc in jfdu
jfduo`o`mn
mnm
m co Unrt
Unrtj`p
j`pnj`
nj`úo
úo mc in mc pcrsfoni mci Njtvnr ifs clcs csrnàb`jfs
njtv`mnmcs jfoluons jäv`jf d`i`nr co ifs m`hcrcocs jfduo`mnm jfdnomf mc Bunrm`n
clcs csrnàb`jfs Clcs csrnàb`jfs mc Uuckif

NJ]@X@MNMCZ

-Jfosudnr rcuo`focs jfo in jfduo`mnm pnrn Mäns uti`znmfs pnrn

cinkfrnr in pino`jnj`úo mc ins njtv`mnmcs [cni`znr [cv`s`úo y
rcjrcntvns. `ovcstbnj`focs fr`conj`focs mc in
-Clcjunr rcjfrr`mf y corcv`sns co in jfduo`mnm co uti`znmfs pnrn nscsfrn dcfmfiúb`jn
Mäns uti`znmfs
csum`f. rcni`znr in Mrn. @rsc Xîsqucz
pino`jnj`úo
-[cni`znr `ovcstbnj`focs pnrn `mcotjnr in s`unj`úo
njuni mc in bunrm`n mci puckif mcorf mc ifs Mäns uti`znmfs
uti`znmfs pnrn
Fr`conj`focs mci
jfosclfs jfduonics. rcni`znr njtv
rcni`znr njtv`mnmc
`mnmcss
mc ifsifs m`
m`hc
hcrc
rco
ocs
cs
 

clcs csrnàb`jfs ufr<

Mäns uti`znmfs
uti`znmfs pnrn B/K. Lfsà D`buci
rcni`znr
rcni`znr ci rcjfr
rcjfrr`mf
r`mf Dfofyn [fmräbucz
y ins corcv`sns
 

JFOJISZ@FOCZ P [CJFDCOMNJ@FOCZ
[CJFDCOMNJ@FOCZ

Jfojius`focs

  Ci mcsn
mcsnrrf
rrfiiiif
f mc in sfj`
sfj`cm
cmnm
nm vcoc
vcoczf
zfin
inon
on oc
ocjc
jcs`
s`tn
tn af
afyy co män
män
fr
frbn
bno`
o`sd
sdfs
fs mc scbu
scbur`
r`mn
mnm
m mc
mcii cs
cstn
tnmf
mf m`
m`sp
spuc
ucst
stfs
fs,, jn
jnpn
pnj`
j`tn
tnmf
mfss y
jfdprfdct`mfs of sfif jfo in mchcosn mc in `otcbr`mnm y scbur`mnm mc ifs
ank`tnotcs, s` of quc cstfs tcobno uo jfdprfd`sf sfj`ni y quc scno
nrt`j
nrt`jui
uinm
nmfr
frcs
cs ch
ch`j
`j`c
`cot
otcs
cs y qu
quc
c vniin
vniino
o ni fr`b
fr`bco
co mc
mcii prfk
prfkic
icdn
dn y mc
mco
o
rcspucstns fpfrtuons n ins d`sdn. Jfo in cinkfrnj`úo mc cstc `ohfrdc
tîjt`jf prfmujtf mc ins pnsnotäns co ci Jfdnomf Onj`foni Bunrm`n mci

puckif co ins jfduo`mnmcs mc ifs scjtfrcs Jcrjnofs ni mcstnjndcotf co

cstum`f, sc nmqu`r`ú uo brno jfofj`d`cotf nmqu`r`mf, ci brno npfrtc mc
cxpcr`coj`n jfo in `otcrnjj`úo.
Jfdf fklct`vf mci `ohfrdc ]îjt`jf sc cinkfrn uons cstrntcb`ns mci
cohfquc sfj`ni pfr ci Jfdnomf Onj`foni Bunrm`n mci Uuckif co prf mc in
nrt`juinj`úo sfj`ni co ifs scjtfrcs nicmnþfs ni mcstnjndcotf.
Co cstc scot`mf, ci prcscotc cstum`f vcr`h`jf quc in d`s`úo y v`s`úo
mci jfdnomf mc in Bunrm`n mci Uuckif cstîo nsfj`nmns n ifs pinocs
sfj`ni
sfj`nics
cs mc in Onj`úo
Onj`úo,, mfomc
mfomc in pnrt`j
pnrt`j`pn
`pnj`ú
j`úo
o Jäv
Jäv`jf
`jf-d`i
-d`i`tn
`tnrr cs hnj
hnjtfr 
tfr 

`dpfrtnotc pnrn su `otcbrnj`úo co in rcsfiuj`úo mc prfkicdît`jns prfp`ns

mc ins jfduo`mnmcs.
Jfo in jrcnj`úo f hfrduinj`úo mc ins cstrntcb`ns mc nrt`juinj`úo
sfj`ni
sfj`ni sc fktcom
fktcomrî
rî quc ins njt
njt`v`
`v`mnm
mnmcs
cs sfj`ni
sfj`nics
cs cobrno
cobrnomcz
mczjn
jno
o cst
cstn
n
`otcbr
`otcbrnj`
nj`úo
úo jäv`jf
jäv`jf-d`
-d`i`tn
i`tnrr pnrn
pnrn anj
anjcr
cr nsä uo kni
kninoj
nojc
c nmd
nmd`rnk
`rnkic
ic co in
jfot`bù`mnm pnrn in sfj`cmnm y ins Hucrzns Nrdnmns mc Xcoczucin.
Cs nsä jfdf in Bunrm`n mci Uuckif jrcn pinocs mc nrt`juinj`úo
sfj`ni, iicvnomf n jnkf inkfrcs sfj`nics juiturnics ins junics sfo< Znium,
 Ni`dcotnj`úo, Cmujnj`úo c @mcot`mnm Onj`foni, Mcpfrtc, Juiturn, Zcrv`j`fs

Kîs`jfs y mc @ohfrdnj`úo y Jfduo`jnj`úo.

 

Ci jf
jfd
dnomf
nomf mc in bunr
nrm`
m`n
n mci puck
puckif
if huom
huomnd
ndc
cotnrî
tnrî co in
nrt`juinj`úo sfj`ni, in juni sc njt`vnrî mcsmc ci dîs däo`df o`vci anstn
nijn
nijnoz
oznr
nr in dîs
dîs nitn
nitn jn
jni`m
i`mnm
nm mc k`co
k`cocs
cstn
tnrr sf
sfj`
j`ni
ni y jf
jfdu
duon
onii pn
pnrn
rn in
Unrrfqu`n, `otcotnomf prfhuom`znr in cxpcr`coj`n mc dnyfr prftnbfo`sdf

mc ifs bfk`crofs rcb`fonics y mcpnrtndcotnics mc ifs bfk`crofs ifjnics f

duo`j`pnics co in `dpicdcotnj`úo, mc ifs pinocs, prfbrndns y prfycjtfs
[cb`fonics y M`str`tnics.

[cjfdcomnj`focs

Son vcz jfojiu`mn in `ovcst`bnj`úo sc cspcrn quc co cstc `ohfrdc tîjt`jf

mci mcstnjndcotf co cstum`f tfdc ins dcm`mns pcrt`ocotcs y quc cstns n
su vcz mco rcspucstns n in ocjcs`mnm mc ins jfduo`mnmcs pnrn quc cstns
tcobno uon rcspucstn fpfrtuon pfr pnrtc mci jfdnomf onj`foni mc in
bunrm`n mci puckif.
  In m`hus`úo mc in prcscotc `ovcst`bnj`úo co dntcr`ni m`mîjt`jf pnrn quc
sc rcni`jc uon rcv`s`úo d`ouj`fsn y jrät`jn mci jfotco`mf mci prcscotc
@ohfrdc ]îjt`jf, pfr pnrtc mci pcrsfoni mc dnyfr cxpcr`coj`n co ci îrcn
jfo
jfo in h`on
h`oni`i`mn
mnm
m mc pr
prfp
fpfo
focr
cr dclf
dclfrn
rnss ni d`sd
d`sdf.
f. Co cs
cstc
tc sc
scot
ot`m
`mf
f sc
rcjfd`comn duy rcspctufsndcotc
rcspctufsndcotc<<

 @dpicd
@dpicdcot
cotnr
nr m`st`o
m`st`otns
tns njt
njt`v`
`v`mnm
mnmcs
cs sfj
sfj`nic
`nicss mc jnr
jnrîjt
îjtcr
cr sf
sfj`n
j`ni,i,
jfdf
jfdf lf
lfro
ronm
nmns
ns mc mcpf
mcpfrt
rtc,
c, lf
lfro
ronm
nmns
ns cm
cmuj
ujnt
nt`v
`vns
ns,, lf
lfro
ronm
nmns
ns
dàm`jns, lfronmns luräm`jns.
 @dpicdcotnr tniicrcs m`mîjt`jfs.
 @dpicdcotnr njj`focs quc kusquco njcrjnr n in jfduo`mnm jfo
ci mcstnjndcotf co cstum`f.
 

3JD

[CHC[COJ@NZ

 Nr`ns, H. (;5>;). Ci Urfycjtf Mc @ovcst`bnj`úo<

@ovcst`bnj`úo< @otrfmujj`
@otrfmujj`úo
úo N In
Dctfmfifbän J`cotäh`jn. (8¼. Cm.) Jnrnjns ‚Xcoczucin< Cp`stcdc.

 Nrdnomf, D. (;5>3) ’Jfojcptf

’Jfojcptf Cstrntàb`jf D`i`tnr Unrn In Mchcosn
Mchcosn
@otcbrni Mc In Onj`úo—, M`spfo`kic
Knut`stn, C. (;550). Dnouni Mc Dctfmfifbän Mc @ovcst`bnj`úo.
(:µ Cm`j`úo) Jnrnjns Xcoczucin< ]ni`t`p.

Jfost`tuj`úo Mc In [cpüki`jn Kfi`vnr`non Mc Xcoczucin. (Jrkv,

>000). Bnjctn Fh`j`ni Mc In [cpüki`jn Kfi`vnr`non
  Mc Xcoczucin Oüdcrf :8.185. M`j`cdkrc :5, >000.

Jfdnomf Cstrntàb`jf
Jfojcpj`úo Fpcrnj`foni
P Huomndcotfs Mc(;5>;), ’JfojcptfMci
In Frbno`znj`úo Cstrntàb`jf
Jfdnomf
@otcbrni Mc In Onj`úo, Xcoczucin, Zcbuomn Unrtc.

Bunrm`n Onj`foni Kfi`vn `vnr`n

`no
on Mc Xcoczucin. Cxtrnämf Mc<
Attp<//Rww.Bunrm`n.D`i.Xc (Jfosuitn<
Attp<//Rww.Bunrm`n.D`i.Xc (Jfosuitn< 58 Mc Cocrf, ;5>0)

Uino Mc Cstum`f ’Z`dúo Kfiävnr— ;5>3 ‚ ;5>0 ]fdf X Urfjcsf Mc

@ovcst`bnj`úo D`i`tnr Ofrdnt`vn Unrn In Cinkfrnj`úo P Urcscotnj`úo Mci
@ohfrdc ]îjt`jf, ]àjo`jf P Jiäo`jf (;5>8)

Icy Frbîo`jn Mc In Hucrzn Nrdnmn Onj`foni Kfi`vnr`non, Bnjctn Fh`j`ni

O¼ 3.10> [cpüki`jn Kfi`vnr`non Mc Xcoczucin.
 

NOCQFZ
 

[CUÐKI@JN KFI@XN[@NON MC XCOC\SCIN

D@O@Z]C[@F MCI UFMC[ UFUSIN[ UN[N IN MCHCOZN  

X@JCD@O@Z]C[@F MC CMSJNJ@FO UN[N UN[N IN MCHCOZN

SO@XC[Z@MNM D@I@]N[ KFI@XN[@NON MC XCOC\SCIN
NJNMCD@N D@I@]N[ MC IN BSN[M@N ONJ@FONI KFI@XN[@NON

@OHF[DC MC UNZNO]ÄNZ

 Nih. [fmräbucz Xciîzqucz

Xciîzqucz Gcyocta Lfsà
 Nscsfrn<
J@< ;2.:5:.1=;
Mrn. Dnr`tzn Kr`tf

Jnrnjns Fjtukrc ;5;5

 

@OM@JC

pîb.

ÄOM@JC BCOC[NI…………....
BCOC[NI………….....………………………
.…………………………..………………….
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>

@O][FMSJJ@ÚO………………………………………
@O][FMSJJ@ÚO…………………………………………………………….…
…………………….… =

=
MCZJ[@UJ@FO MC IN SO@MNM………………………………………………
SO@MNM………………………………………………
3
SK@JNJ@FO BCFB[NH@JN………………
BCFB[NH@JN…………………………………………
……………………………...……
…...……
8
D@Z@FO……………………………………………………………...…………… 2
X@Z@FO……………………………………………...……………………………

CZ][SJ]S[N F[BNO@\N]@XN……………
F[BNO@\N]@XN………………………...………
…………...……………………
……………
1
MCZJ[@UJ@FO MCI MCUN[]NDCO]F MFOMC ZC MCZCDUCÞN[FO 0
INZ UNZNO]@NZ........
UNZNO]@NZ......................
..........................
................…………………
....……………………………………
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UINO MC NJ]@X@MNMCZ…………………
NJ]@X@MNMCZ………………………………………………
……………………………………
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>>
IFB[FZ MCI UINO MC NJ]@X@MNMCZ………………
NJ]@X@MNMCZ…………………………………….
…………………….
>;

JFOFJ@D@CO]FZ NM^S@C[@MFZ MS[NO]C INZ UNZNO]@NZ………. >:

JFOJISZ@FOCZ…………………………………………
JFOJISZ@FOCZ……………… ……………………………………………….
…………………….

[CJFDCOMNJ@FOCZ………………………………………
[CJFDCOMNJ@FOCZ………… ………………... >=
……………………………………………...

MCZJ[@UJ@FO MC IN U[FKICDN]@JN MC]CJ]NMN, FKLC]F MC >3

CZ]SM@F. ……………………………
………………………………………………………
………………………………………… ……………… >8

[CHC[COJ@NZ……………………………………………
[CHC[COJ@NZ…………………………………………………………………
……………………

 
  NOCQFZ…………………………………………………
 NOCQFZ…………………………………………………………………………
………………………

@O][FMSJJ@ÚO
  In [cpüki`jn Kfi`vnr`non mc Xcoczucin pnrn nscburnr in mchcosn mc in
onj`úo, jucotn jfo in Hucrzn Nrdnmn Onj`foni Kfi`vnr`non, in juni pfscc uo
brno oüdcrf mc `ostninj`focs m`scþnmns y cqu`pnmns pnrn mnr judpi`d`cotf
n su d`s`úo. Cspcjäh`jndcotc juntrf jfdpfocotcs y uon d`i`j`n kfi`vnr`non
quc jfdpicdcotn n in Hucrzn Nrdnmn Onj`foni Kfi`vnr`non, uof mc ifs
nspcjtf
nspcjtfss rcicvno
rcicvnotcs
tcs mci k`c
k`cocst
ocstnr
nr jficjt
jficjt`vf
`vf mc in pfki
pfkinj`
nj`úo
úo vco
vcoczf
czfino
inon
n
rnm`jn co in scbur`mnm mc in onj`úo, rchcr`mn co ci tätuif X@@ mc in dcoj`fonmn
ofrdn
ofrdn,, mf
mfom
omc
c sc `o
`om`
m`jn
jn qu
quc
c cs d`
d`s`
s`úo
úo mc in Hu
Hucr
crzn
zn Nr
Nrdn
dnmn
mn On
Onj`
j`fo
foni
ni
Kfi`i`vnr
Kf vnr`n
`non,
on, bn
bnrno
rnot`t`zn
znrr in `o
`omc
mcpc
pcom
omcoj
coj`n
`n y in sf
sfkc
kcrno
rnoän
än mc in On
Onj`
j`úo
úo y
nscburnrr in `otcbr`mnm mci cspnj`f bcfbrîh`
nscburn bcfbrîh`jf
jf dcm`no
dcm`notc
tc in mchcosn
mchcosn d`i`t
d`i`tnr,
nr, in
jffpcrnj`úo co ci dnotco`d`cotf mci frmco `otcrof y in pnrt`j`pnj`úo njt`vn
co ci mcsnrrfiif onj`foni, n trnvàs mci Clàrj`tf, in Nrdnmn, in Nv`nj`úo y in
Bunrm`n Onj`foni Kfi`vnr`non.

In Bunrm`n Onj`foni Kfi`vnr`non

Kfi`vnr`non `otcbrnmn pfr sus
s us afdkrcs y dulcrc
dulcrcs,
s,
nkoc
nkocbn
bnmf
mfss scrv
scrv`m
`mfr
frcs
cs pü
püki
ki`j
`jfs
fs,, uo
uo`m
`mfs
fs pf
pfrr ci dî
dîss pupurf
rf scot
scot`m
`mf
f mc
pcrtcocoj`n, cspcj`ni`znmfs c `otcrnjtunomf co uo ndk`cotc jfo nitn jni`mnm
mc v`mn, dntcr`ni`znrcdfs ci mcsnrrfiif frbno`znj`foni, y npfynmfs co uon
súi`mn pintnhfrdn tcjofiúb`jn, ifbäst`jn y h`onoj`crn, ifbrnrcdfs ci dnyfr 
o`vci mc cxjcicoj`n fpcrnj`foni, iicvnomf co oucstrf pcosnr, scot`r y njtunr ci
vnifr dîs prcj`nmf mc in `ost`tuj`úo< ’CI AFOF[ CZ ZS M@X@ZN—.

Zu d`s`úo cs jfomuj`r ins fpcrnj`focs cx`b`mns pnrn ci dnotco`d`cotf mci

frmco `otcrof mci pnäs, co ci îrcn mc in scbur`mnm v`ni, jfo in pnrt`j`pnj`úo

njt`vn co ci mcsnrrfiif onj`foni mc tfmfs ifs cspnj`fs bcfbrîh`jfs mc in

[cpüki`jn Kfi`vnr`non mc Xcoczucin.
In d`s`
d`s`úo
úo mc
mcii Jf
Jfdp
dpfo
foco
cotc
tc,, sc co
coju
juco
cotr
trn
n jinr
jinrnd
ndco
cotc
tc mc
mch`h`o`
o`mn
mn co in
Jfost`tuj`úo mc in [cpüki`jn Kfi`vnr`non mc Xcoczucin co sus Nrtäjuifs<

Nrtä
Nrtäju
juif
if O¼ :;
:;11< In H.
H.N.
N.O.
O. jf
jfost
ost`t`tuyc
uyc uo
uon
n `o
`ost
st`t`tuj`
uj`úo
úo csco
cscoj`
j`ni
nidc
dcot
otc
c
prfhcs`foni, s`o d`i`tnoj`n pfiät`jn, frbno`znmn pfr ci Cstnmf pnrn bnrnot`znr in
`omcpcomcoj`n y sfkcrnoän mc in Onj`úo y nscburnr in `otcbr`mnm mci cspnj`f
bcfbrîh`jf,
bcfbrîh`jf, dcm`notc in mchcosn
mchcosn d`i`
d`i`tnr,
tnr, in jffpcrnj`úo
jffpcrnj`úo co ci dnotc
dnotco`d`c
o`d`cotf
otf
mci frmco `otcrof y in pnrt`j`pnj`úo njt`vn co ci mcsnrrfiif onj`foni, mc
 njuc
njucrm
rmf
f jfo
jfo in jfos
jfost`t`tu
tuj`
j`úo
úo y jfo
jfo in icy.
icy. Co ci judp
judpi`i`d`
d`co
cotf
tf mc sus
sus
huoj`focs, cstî ni scrv`j`f cxjius`vf mc in onj`úo y co o`obüo jnsf ni mc
pcrsfon f pnrj
pcrsfon pnrj`ni
`ni`mn
`mnm
m pfiät`
pfiät`jn
jn nib
nibuon
uon.. Zus p`inrcs
p`inrcs huo
huomnd
mndcot
cotnic
nicss sfo in
m`sj`pi`on, in fkcm`coj`n y in sukfrm`onj`úo. In H.N.O. cstî `otcbrnmn pfr ci
Clàrj`tf, in Nrdnmn, in Nv`nj`úo y in Bunrm`n Onj`foni, quc huoj`fono mc
dnocrn `otcbrni mcotrf mci dnrjf mc su jfdpctcoj`n pnrn ci judpi`d`cotf mc
su d`s`úo, jfo uo ràb`dco mc scbur`mnm sfj`ni `otcbrni prfp`f, scbüo if
cstnkiczjn su rcspcjt`vn icy frbîo`jn.
Nrtä
Nrtäju
juif
if O¼ :;
:;00< Ci Cl
Clàr
àrj`
j`ttf, in Nr
Nrd
dnm
nmn
n y in Nv
Nv`n
`njj`úo
`úo t`co
coco
co jf
jfdf
df
rcsp
rcspfo
fosn
snk`
k`i`i`mn
mnm
m csco
cscoj`
j`ni
ni in pino
pino`h`h`j
`jnj
nj`ú
`úo,
o, clcj
clcjuj
uj`ú
`úo
o y jfot
jfotrf
rfii mc ins
ins
fpcrnj`f
fpcrnj`focs
ocs d`i`tn
d`i`tnrcs
rcs rcq
rcqucr`
ucr`mns
mns pnrn
pnrn nscburn
nscburnrr in mch
mchcosn
cosn Onj
Onj`fo
`foni.
ni. In
Bunrm`n Onj`foni jffpcrnrî co ci mcsnrrfiif mc m`jans fpcrnj`focs y tcomrî
jfdf rcspfosnk`i`mnm kîs`jn in jfomujj`úo mc ins fpcrnj`focs cx`b`mns pnrn
ci dnotco`d`cotf mci frmco `otcrof mci pnäs.
Ufr jfos`bu`cotc jnmn `ost`tuj`úo d`i`tnr judpic uon huoj`úo mcotrf mc ins
Hucrzns Nrdnmns co ci mcsnrrfiif mc sus njt`v`mnmcs, co cstc scot`mf in
bunrm`n onj`foni kfi`vnr`non pfscc uon cstrujturn mfomc sc cojucotrn ci
Jfdnomf Onj`foni mc in Bunrm`n mci Uuckif.

In Bunrm`n mci Uuckif surbc co ci dnrjf mci M`spfs`t`

M`spfs`t`vf
vf K`jcotconr`f
K`jcotconr`f
mc Zc
Zcbu
bur`
r`mn
mnm
m (M
(M@K
@K@Z
@ZC),
C), pnrn
pnrn ci mc
mcsn
snrrf
rrfiiiif
f mc nj
njt`t`v`
v`mn
mnmcs
mcs pr
prcv
cvcot
cot`v
`vns
ns
nrt`juinmns jfo ins jfduo`mnmcs c `mcnmf pfr ci B/M Ocr`f Cor`quc Bnikno
Dàomcz.

Cs pfr if juni in Bunrm`n mci Uuckif huc jrcnmn pfr ci prcs`mcotc pnrn
in hcjan ]joci. Aubf [nhnci Jaîvcz, ci 1 mc ofv`cdkrc mc ;5>>, dcm`notc in

[csfiuj`úo Urcs`mcoj`ni Oµ 5;5;2>, sc a`zf chcjt`vf co uo njtf jcickrnmf co

in Uinzn M`cbf @knrrn, co ci jcotrf mc in j`umnm mc Jnrnjns.

In Bunrm`n mci Uuckif t`coc jfdf huoj`úo pr`oj`pni in nrt`juinj`úo

sfj`ni, jrcnmf pnrn tnrcns prcvcot`vns, co mfomc ci bunrm`n n clcdpif mci
snrbcotf mci puckif, quc nyumnkn co tfmns ins ocjcs`mnmcs mci pfkinmf
mfomc clcrjän su trnknlf, mckc vcinr pfr ci mck`mf huoj`fond`cotf mc ifs
scrv`j`fs kîs`jfs y jfinkfrn jfo in scbur`mnm mc ifs j`umnmnofs, mc tni
dnocrn quc sc jfdprfdctn jfo ci mcsnrrfiif y k`cocstnr sfj`ni mc tfmfs y
jnmn uof mc ifs j`umnmnofs
Co cstc jfotcxtf ci Jfdnomf Onj`foni Bunrm`n mci Uuckif, jfo ci h`h`o
o
mc prcscrvnr in v`mn y kr`omnr prftcjj`úo mci puckif, mcsmc ci t`cdpf mc pnz,
yn mcspicbnmn co tfmns ins knscs mc d`s`focs sfj`ni`stns y jfrrcmfrcs, pfr 
frmco mci jfdnomnotc co lchc y prcs`mcotc jfost`tuj`foni, an tfdnmf tfmns
ins njj`focs c `o`j`nt`vns ocjcsnr`ns pnrn prcpnrnr ni puckif quc anjc v`mn
co ifs jfo
jfoscl
sclfs
fs jfduo
jfduonic
nicss y mcd
mcdîs
îs frbno`znj
frbno`znj`fo
`focs
cs jfduo`tn
jfduo`tnr`n
r`nss pnrn
pnrn
frbno`znr brupfs mc trnknlf jfduo`tnr`f jfo sus m`hcrcotcs jfd`tàs (snium,
ni`dco
ni`dcotnj
tnj`úo
`úo,, cmuj
cmujnj`
nj`úo
úo c `mc
`mcot`
ot`mnm
mnm onj
onj`fo
`foni,
ni, mcpfrtc
mcpfrtc,, juit
juiturn,
urn, scr
scrv`j
v`j`fs
`fs
kîs`jfs y mc `ohfrdnj`úo y jfduo`jnj`úo).

  Unrn ciif sc npfyn

npfyn co in nrt`juinj`ú
nrt`juinj`úo
o sfj`ni quc
quc cs uon acrrnd
acrrnd`cotn
`cotn
bcrcoj`ni
bcrcoj`ni mc sudn `dpfrtnoj
`dpfrtnoj`n
`n quc pcrd`tc rcinj`fonrsc
rcinj`fonrsc chcjt
chcjt`vndco
`vndcotc
tc jfo
in jfdu
jfduo`
o`mn
mnm,
m, s`o
s`o cd
cdkn
knrb
rbf
f sc pu
pumf
mf fk
fksc
scrv
rvnr
nr co ci jfdn
jfdnom
omf
f notc
notcss
dcoj`fonmf, quc cstc pfscc pfjns njt`v`mnmcs quc pcrd`tn uon chcjt`vn
nrt`juinj`úo jfo in jfduo`mnm vcj`on, i`d`tnomf n cstc jfdnomf co su d`s`úo
y v`s`úo cstnkicj`mn.

  Unrn jfotr`
jfotr`ku`r
ku`r jfo ci h`ci judpi`d`cot
judpi`d`cotf
f mc in v`s`ú
v`s`úo
o y huoj`f
huoj`focs
ocs mci
Jfdnomf
Jfdn omf On
Onj`
j`fo
foni
ni Bu
Bunrm
nrm`n
`n mc
mcii Uuck
Uuckif
if y i`i`oc
ocnd
nd`c
`cot
otfs
fs mc in S.D.
S.D.K
K sc
clcjutno cstc @ohfrdc mc pnsnotäns. Jfo ci fklct`vf mc jficjtnr `ohfrdnj`úo
mc uon pfs`kic prfkicdît`jn cojfotrnkn co ci Jfdnomf Onj`foni Bunrm`n mc
Uuckif.
 

MCZJ[@UJ@ÚO MC IN SO@MNM

Ci Jfdnomf mc in Bunrm`n mci Uuckif rcb`d`cotf ifs ]

]cqucs
cqucs Cstnmf
D`rnomn sc jfost`tuyc co in `ost`tuj`úo mc rchcrcoj`n pnrn in rcsfiuj`úo mc
jf
jfoh
ohi`i`jt
jtfs,
fs, dc
dcm`
m`nj
nj`ú
`úo
o `o
`ost
st`t`tuj
uj`f
`fon
onii y in pr
prfd
fdft
ftfr
frn
n mc njt
njt`v
`v`mn
`mnmc
mcss qu
quc
c
hfrtnicjc y njt`vn in jfoj`coj`n jficjt`vn, pnrt`j`pnj`úo j`umnmnon co prf mci
kcoch`j`fjficjt`vf.

D@Z@ÚO

  Ci Jfdnomf Onj`foni Bunrm`n mci Uuckif, pino`h`jn, m`r`bc, nmd`o`strn,

jfotrfinrî y cvniunrî ins fpcrnj`focs m`r`b`mns n ifs prfjcsfs sfj`nics mc
mcsnrrfiif
mcsnrrfiif jfduo`t
jfduo`tnr`f,
nr`f, pnrn `ojrcdc
`ojrcdcotnr
otnr ifs o`vcics mc scbur`mnm
scbur`mnm n ins
pcrsfons y sus k`cocs, nsä jfdf tndk`ào in jfosfi`mnj`úo mci cshucrzf
jfoluotf jfohfrdc ins pfiät`jns mc `otcbrnj`úo jfduo`tnr`n y cstrntcb`ns
sfj`ni
sfj`nics
cs mc mch
mchcos
cosn
n y prcv
prcvcoj
coj`úo
`úo mci mci
mci`tf
`tf,, mch
mch`o`
`o`mns
mns pfr ci cst
cstnmf
nmf
 Xcoczfinof.
  In bu
bunrm
nrm`n
`n mci
mci pu
puck
ckif
if jf
jfo
o c
cii h`h`o
o m
mc
c prcscr
prcscrvn
vnrr iin
n vv`m
`mn
n y kr`
kr`omn
omnr 
r 
prftcjj`úo mci puckif, mcsmc ci t`cdpf mc pnz, yn mcspicbnmn co tfmns

ins knscs mc d`s`focs sfj`ni`stns y jfrrcmfrcs, pfr frmco mc oucstrf

jfdnomnotc co lchc y prcs`mcotc jfost`tuj`foni, an tfdnmf tfmns ins
njj`focs c `o`j`nt`vns ocjcsnr`ns pnrn prcpnrnr n oucstrf puckif quc
anjc
anjc v`mn
v`mn co ifs
ifs jfos
jfoscl
clfs
fs jfdu
jfduon
onic
icss y mc
mcdî
dîss fr
frbn
bno`
o`zn
znj`
j`fo
focs
cs
jfduo`tnr`ns pnrn frbno`znr<
  Brupfs mc trnknl
trnknlf
f jfduo`
jfduo`tnr`f
tnr`f (brutrnjf)
(brutrnjf) jfo sus m`hcrc
m`hcrcotcs
otcs jfd`t
jfd`tàs
às
(snium, ni`dcotnj`úo, cmujnj`úo c `mcot`mnm onj`foni, mcpfrtc, juiturn,
scrv`j`fs kîs`jfs y mc `ohfrdnj`úo y jfduo`jnj`úo)
Brupfs mc mchcosn tcrr`tfr`ni jfduo`tnr`f (brumctcjf).

Brupfs mc rcjfostrujj`úo y frbno`znj`úo sfj`ni (brfs).

  Sk`jnj
Sk`jnj`úo
`úo mc ifs s`stcd
s`stcdns
ns suktcrrîocfs
suktcrrîocfs mc nitn prftcjj
prftcjj`úo
`úo y tüoci
tüocics
cs
`múocfs
`múocfs pnr
pnrn
n in prcs
prcscrv
crvnj`
nj`úo
úo y prft
prftcjj
cjj`úo
`úo mci puc
puckif
kif mc Xcoczuc
coczucin,
in,

nmcj
nmcjuî
uîom
omfi
fifs
fs pn
pnrn
rn bn
bnrn
rnot
ot`z
`znr
nr in sc
scbur
bur`m
`mnm,
nm, ni`d
ni`dco
cotn
tnj`
j`úo,
úo, sn
sniu
ium
m y
k`cocstnr.
Mcsnrrfiif y pucstn co prîjt`jn mci pino mc cvnjunj`úo pfpuinr pnrn in
prcscrvnj`úo mc in v`mn.

X@Z@ÚO

Jfotr`ku`r jfo in pino`h`jnj`úo, nmd`o`strnj`úo, jfotrfi y cvniunj`úo co

t`cdpf
t`cdpf mc pnz mc ins fpcrnj`fo
fpcrnj`focs
cs mc ifs prfjcsfs sfj`nic
sfj`nicss mc mcsnrrf
mcsnrrfiif
iif
onj`foni. @ojrcdcotnr ifs pinocs mc rchfrznd`cotf fpcrnt`vf mc o`vcics mc
scbur`mnm n ins pcrsfons y sus k`cocs. Jfosfi`mnr ci cshucrzf jfoluotf
jfohfrdc n ins pfiät`jns mc `otcbrnj`úo jfduo`tnr`n, cstrntcb`ns sfj`nics
mc mchcosn y prcvcoj`úo mci mci`tf, mch`o`mns co ci Uino mc in Untr`n ;5>:-
;5>0. Frbno`znr, jffrm`onr, m`r`b`r, jfotrfinr y cvniunr ins fpcrnj`focs mci
Jfdnomf Onj`foni Bunrm`n mci Uuckif.
 

CZ][SJ]S[N F[BNO@\N]@XN

Jfdnomnoc

ZCJJ@FOCZ

 Ucrsfoni
 @oci`bcoj`n
;mf Jfdnomnoc  Fpcrnj`focs
 Ifbästjn
 Mcsnrrfiif onj`foni
 MMAA

 [[.UU
>crn ;mn J@N
J@N

>cr ;mf :cr

UCIF]FO UCIF]FO UCIF]FO

Hucotc< Jfdnomf Onj`foni Bunrm`n mci Uuckif.

 

MCZJ[@UJ@ÚO MCI MCUN[]NDCO]F MFOMC ZC

MCZN[[FIIN[FO INZ UNZNO]ÄNZ

Ins pnsnotäns hucrfo chcjtunmns co ci pr`dcr Uciftúo mc in pr`dcrn
Jfdpnþän mci Jfdnomf Onj`foni Bunrm`n mc Uuckif Ifs ]cqucs Cstnmf
D`rnom
D`rnomn,
n, sc coj
cojucot
ucotrn
rn uk`jnm
uk`jnmn
n co in nvco
nvco`mn
`mn Xäj
Xäjtfr
tfr knt
knt`st
`stn,
n, i`jcf
i`jcf d`i
d`i`tn
`tnr 
r 
jnp`tîo
jnp`tîo (h) Ucmrf dnrän
dnrän Fjafn Dfrni
Dfrnics,
cs, rndf vcrm
vcrmc.
c. Jfo ci pcrsfoni
pcrsfoni dîs
jni`h`jnmf pnrn dnoclnr ins scjj`focs mc<
 Ucrsfoni
 Fpcrnj`focs
 Ifbäst`jn

  Nvfjî
Nvfjîomfsc
omfsc jnmn uof mc ciifs n c
coscþnr
oscþnr y n
npfrtnr
pfrtnr tfmf ci jfofj`
jfofj`d`cot
d`cotf
f
`otcicjtuni jnpnz mc mnr pnrn in cinkfrnj`úo mc cstc `ohfrdc mc pnsnotäns,
jnkc mcstnjnr quc in Bunrm`n mci Uuckif jrcn prfbrndns mc nrt`juinj`úo
sfj`ni, iicvnmfs n jnkf dcm`notc inkfrcs sfj`nics juiturnics jfdf if sfo<
Zcbur`mnm, Znium, Ni`dcotnj`úo, Cmujnj`úo c @mcot`mnm Onj`foni, Mcpfrtc,
Juiturn, Zcrv`j`fs Kîs`jfs y mc @ohfrdnj`úo y Jfduo`jnj`úo y nsä mc cstn
dnocrn jfdknt`r jfo ci fj`f co sus m`hcrcotcs tcrr`tfr`f mci pnäs, quc csn in
d`s`úo pr`oj`pni iicbnr n jnmn uon mc ins zfons cxjiu`mns.
 

UINO MC NJ]@X@MNMCZ

Cs uon mcsjr`pj`úo cspcjäh`jn mc ins njt`v`mnmcs y mci t`cdpf quc sc

cdpicú murnotc in clcjuj`úo mc ins pnsnotäns. Zc mckc frbno`znr ci trnknlf
co hcjans prfknkics, pnrn snkcr juîotf t`cdpf rcqucr`rî cinkfrnr ci trnknlf
mch`o`t`vf. Unrn su prcscotnj`úo sc ut`i`zno bcocrnidcotc m`nbrndns, if quc
pcrd`tc v`suni`znr dclfr ci t`cdpf mc jnmn njt`v`mnm, y sfkrc tfmf co nquciifs
jnsfs co quc any vnr`ns njt`v`mnmcs co uo d`sdf t`cdpf.

Oµ M@NZ ISO DN[ D@C[ LSC X@C[ ZNK MFD

> ;2
[cjfrr`mf y cotrcv`stns co in
; ;8
jfduo`mnm co cstum`f
: ;0

= :5
[cni`znr `ovcst`bnj`focs pnrn
3 > `mcot`h`jnr in s`tunj`úo njtuni mc in
8 ; bunrm`n mci puckif mcotrf mc ifs
jfosclfs jfduonics
2 :

1 =
[cuo`focs jfo in jfduo`mnm
0 3 pnrn cinkfrnr in pino`h`jnj`úo
>5 8 mc ins njt`v`mnmcs juiturnics,
rcjrcnt`vns y mcpfrt`vns
>> 2

>; 1
[cni`znr njt`v`mnmcs mfomc sc
>: 0 `ovfiujrc
bunrm`n n in jfduo`mnm
mci puckif y n mc
co kcoch`j`f in in
>= >5
jfduo`mnm c `otcbrnj`úo jäv`jf-d`i`tnr 
>3 >>
 

IFB[FZ MCI UINO MC NJ]@X@MNMCZ

Zc pumf jfostntnr dcm`notc cstc `ohfrdc mc pnsnotäns in `otcbrnj`úo mc

in Bunrm`n mci Uuckif jfo in Jfduo`mnm mc in Unrrfqu`n Ifs ]cqucs Cstnmf

D`rnomn, nsä jfdf ifbrnr quc in uo`mnm scn dîs ch`j`cotc co ci judpi`d`cotf
mc sus huoj`focs, pfr cstf sc mckc tfdnr co jucotn ci jrfofbrndn mc
njt`v`mnmcs, mfomc sc rchiclno ins cxpcr`coj`ns fktco`mns co ins pnsnotäns,
ins junics hucrfo duy `dpfrtnotcs yn quc crn in pr`dcrn vcz quc sc tcoän
jf
jfot
otnj
njtf
tf jfo ci Jfdn
Jfdnom
omf
f Bu
Bunrm
nrm`n
`n mci
mci Uu
Uuck
ckif
if mc in Bunrm
Bunrm`n
`n Onj`
Onj`fon
fonii
Kfi`i`vnr
Kf vnr`n
`non,
on, kr`om
kr`omîo
îomfd
mfdc
c in fp
fpfrt
frtuo
uo`m
`mnm
nm mc pn
pnsn
snrr pfr if
ifss m`hc
m`hcrc
rcot
otcs
cs
scrv`j`fs, jfdf sfo<

 Fr`cotnj`focs mci pcrsfoni jnstrcosc.

 [cjfrr`mf co in lur`sm`jj`úo mc in uo`mnm.
 @otcrnjj`úo jfo ci puckif jfdf huoj`fonr`f pnsnotc.
 [cjrcnj`úo mcpfrt`vn.
 Zni`mn y rcjfrr`mf pfr `ostninj`focs y knscs mc d`s`focs.
 Mckntc mc in prfkicdît`jn co ci jfdnomf.
  Nrkfr`znj`úo co m`hcrcotcs îrcns ns`bonmns.

M`jans cxpcr`coj`ns, jfoiicvn n in nmqu`s`j`úo mc oucvfs jfofj`d`cotfs

co jnmn uof mc ciifs, jfo in h`oni`mnm n huturf mc scr uo prfhcs`foni y judpi`r 
n jnkni`mnm jfo ins huoj`focs mc uo cxjcicotc Bunrm`n Onj`
Onj`foni,
foni, Bnrnotc mc

in Zcbur`mnm y Zfkcrnoän mc Xcoczucin.

 

JFOFJ@D@CO]FZ
JFOFJ@D@CO]FZ NM^S@[@MFZ MS[NO]C INZ UNZNO]@NZ

Co cs
cstc
tc pr
prfj
fjcsf
csf mc pn
pnsn
snot
otän
änss tu
tuvc
vc in fp
fpfrt
frtuo
uo`m
`mnm
nm mc jfofj
jfofjcr
cr y
nprcomcr júdf sc clcjutno ifs prfjcsfs mc nrt`juinj`úo sfj`ni y trntf n in
jfduo`mnm cspcjäh`jndcotc co Ifs ]cqucs Cstnmf D`rnomn, clcjutnmfs pfr 
ci Jfdnomf Bunrm`n mc Uuckif.

  Ni `buni quc tuvc in fpfrtu

fpfrtuo`mnm
o`mnm mc `otcrnjtunr
`otcrnjtunr y jfdpnr
jfdpnrt`r
t`r `mcns, jfo
ci pcrsfoni mc fh`j`nics y trfpn prfhcs`foni mc prcofdkrnmf jfdnomf, pnrn in
tfdn mc mcj`s`focs y co rcuo`focs jfo ifs d`sdf.

  Nprcomä n jfov`v`
jfov`v`rr co uo ndk`co
ndk`cotc
tc D`i`
D`i`tnr
tnr Urfhcs`foni
Urfhcs`foni,, n cshfrz
cshfrznrdc
nrdc
pnrn ifbrnr d`s fklct`vfs y mnr if dclfr mc dä, mc `buni hfrdn n mnric uo vnifr 
duy s`bo`h`jnt`vf n cstc prfjcsf mc pnsnotäns yn quc of sfif dc s`rvc pnrn

fktcocr ci ]ätuif mc I`jcoj

fktcocr I`jcoj`nmf
`nmf co J`coj
J`coj`ns
`ns y nrtcs D`i`tn
D`i`tnrcs
rcs fpj`úo Bunrm`
Bunrm`n
n
Onj`foni, s`of quc cs uon cxpcr`coj`n üo`jn quc s`rvc pnrn d` hfrdnj`úo
 Njnmàd`jn y jrcj`d`cotf pcrsfoni.

Ifs jfofj`d`cotfs nmqu`r`mfs, ci brno npfrtc mc cxpcr`coj`n jfo in

`otcrnjj`úo quc rcni`jc murnotc d`s pnsnotäns co cstc jfdnomf jfo tno
jf
jfdp
dpct
ctco
cotc
tc pc
pcrsf
rsfon
onii D`
D`i`i`tn
tnrr prcpn
prcpnrnm
rnmf,
f, jn
jnpn
pnj`
j`tn
tnmf
mf y nm
nm`c
`cst
strnm
rnmf
f pn
pnrn
rn
trnosd`t`r mc tfmf ci dntcr`ni `otcicjtuni ocjcsnr`f pnrn cinkfrnr cstc `ohfrdc
mc pnsnotäns.

 
 JFOJISZ@FOCZ

Jfo in cinkfrnj`úo mc cstc `ohfrdc prfmujtf mc ins pnsnotäns co ci

Jfdn
Jfdnomf
omf On
Onj`
j`fo
foni
ni Bu
Bunr
nrm`
m`n
n mc
mcii Uu
Uuck
ckif
if iiiicb
cbuc
uc n cst
cstn
n pn
pnrt
rtc
c h`h`on
onii mfom
mfomc
c
mcsn
mcsnrr
rrfi
fiiif d`s jf
jfoj
ojiius
us`f
`foc
ocss y rc
rcjf
jfd
dco
comn
mnjj`foc
`focss kn
knllf in h`bur
`burn
n mc
cxpcr`coj`ns y jfofj`d`cotfs hfrtnicj`mfs y nmqu`r`mfs quc scrîo mc brno
npfrtc n d` huturn jnrrcrn prfhcs`foni.

Mc cstn dnocrn `o`j`f ins jfojius`focs dno`hcstnomf ci brno npfrtc mc

cxpcr
cxpcr`c
`coj
oj`n
`n jf
jfo
o in `o
`otc
tcrn
rnjj`
jj`úo
úo qu
quc
c tu
tuvc
vc murno
murnotc
tc in
inss pn
pnsn
snot
otän
änss co cst
cstc
c
jf
jfdn
dnom
omf
f qu
quc
c np
npfr
frtf
tf if
ifss jf
jfofj
ofj`d
`d`c
`cot
otfs
fs oc
ocjcs
jcsnr`
nr`fs
fs pn
pnrn
rn cink
cinkfrn
frnrr cstc
cstc
`ohfrdc.

Murnotc ci mcscdpcþf mc ins pnsnotäns pumc jfofjcr n hfomf ci tcdn

mc frmco `otcrof, jfdf jfojius`úo sc pucmc scþninr quc cstî `otcbrnmf pfr 
tfmn
tfmnss nq
nquc
uciiiins
ns of
ofrd
rdns
ns mc `otc
`otcrà
ràss pü
püki
ki`j
`jf,
f, qu
quc
c sfo
sfo mc judp
judpi`i`d`
d`co
cotf
tf
`ojfom`j`foni, quc of pucmco scr mcrfbnmns pfr ins pnrtcs y co ins junics ci
`otcràs bcocrni mc in sfj`cmnm y mci cstnmf supcm`tn ci `otcràs pnrt`juinr, pnrn
in prftcjj`úo mc j`crtn
j`crtnss `ost`
`ost`tuj`f
tuj`focs
ocs quc t`coco cicvnmn `dpfrtn
`dpfrtnoj`n
oj`n pnrn ci
dnotco`d`cotf mc in Zcbur`mnm Luräm`jn, tnics jfdf in fpfrtuo`mnm pnrn in
jfotcstnj`úo mc in mcdnomn, in npcrturn mci inpsf prfkntfr`f, y in prcjius`úo
mc ifs njtfs prfjcsnics, cotrc ftrns.

Ufr if juni sc mctcrd`oú quc in cinkfrnj`úo mc njt`v`mnmcs sfj`nics

hfrtnicjcrî cstn `otcbrnj`úo Jäv`jf-d`i`tnr pnrn nsä sudnr ci pfmcr `otcicjtuni,
dfrni y juiturni mc ins frbno`znj`focs d`i`tnrcs y j`v`ics mc in Unrrfqu`n ifs
]cqucs Cstnmf D`rnomn cstnmf in bun`rn.

[CJFDCOMNJ@FOCZ
 Unrn in cinkfrnj`úo mc njt`v`mnmcs sfj`nics pfr ci Jfdnomf Onj`foni
Bunrm`n mci Uuckif, cs ocjcsnr`f judpi`r jfo uon scr`c mc rcjfdcomnj`focs
quc nyumnrno n fktcocr in ch`j`coj`n y fpcrnt`v`mnm mcsmc ci puotf mc v`stn

cjfoúd`jf cstrujturni y inkfrni<

Zc rcjfd`comn quc ni scr jfos`mcrnmf in prfpucstn mc cinkfrnj`úo mc
njt`v`mnmcs sfj`ni pnrn bnrnot`znr in Zcbur`mnm J`umnmnon co in Unrrfqu`n
Ifs ]cqucs Cstnmf D`rnomn.

Cs ocjcsnr`f rcjfdcomnr n ins nutfr`mnmcs jfdpctcotcs cstum`nr in

pfs`
pfs`k`
k`i`i`mn
mnm
m mc ku
kusj
sjnr
nr pr
prfk
fkic
icdî
dît`t`jn
jnss no
noîi
îifb
fbns
ns qu
quc
c sc pu
pucm
cmno
no cstn
cstnr 
r 
prcscotnomf quc judpino huoj`focs s`d`inrcs.

In m`str`kuj`úo mc in prcscotc `ovcst`bnj`úo co dntcr`ni rcj`jinkic y

m`mîjt`jf pnrn quc sc rcni`jc uon rcv`s`úo d`ouj`fsn y jrät`jn mci jfotco`mf
mcii prcs
mc prcsco
cotc
tc `ohf
`ohfrd
rdc
c mc pnpnsn
snot
otän
äns,
s, pf
pfrr pn
pnrt
rtc
c mc pc
pcrs
rsfo
foni
ni jfo
jfo dn
dnyf
yfr 
r 
cxpcr`coj`n co ci îrcn jfo in h`oni`mnm mc prfpfocr dclfrns ni d`sdf.

MCZJ[@UJ@FO MC IN U[FKICDN]@JN MC]CJ]NMN, FKLC]F MC

CZ]SM@F.
 Ci scr audnof cs uo scr cd`ocotcdcotc sfj`ni, v`vc y sc mcsnrrfiin co
uon sfj`cmnm cspcjäh`jn, mfomc jrcn uon juiturn. In juiturn sfj`ni cs mch`o`mn
pfr Ocwtfo y Mnv`s (>00:) jfdf " ci dcm`f ndk`cotc sfj`ni mc ins jrccoj`ns
jrcnmns pfr ifs scrcs audnofs, ins jfstudkrcs, ifs jfofj`d`cotfs, y ins
prîjt`j
prîjt`jns
ns quc mch
mch`oc
`oco
o in jfom
jfomujt
ujtn
n jfo
jfovco
vcoj`f
j`foni
oni co uon sfj
sfj`cm
`cmnm"
nm".. Cst
Cstn
n
jfomujtn jfovcoj`foni njcptnmn co uon sfj`cmnm `ohiucoj`n tfmfs ifs o`vcics
jfosj`cotcs
jfosj`cotcs y sukjfo
sukjfosj`cot
sj`cotcs
cs mci pcosnd
pcosnd`cotf
`cotf quc `ohiu
`ohiuyco
yco co ins njj`focs
quc uo `om`v`muf rcni`zn, mc jfohfrd`mnm jfo ins cxpcjtnt`vns mc ifs mcdîs
d`cdkrfs mc csn sfj`cmnm.

  Ufr jfo
jfos`b
s`bu`co
u`cotc
tc sc jfo
jfost`
st`tuy
tuyc
c in ocjc
ocjcs`m
s`mnm
nm mc jrcnr
jrcnr pin
pinocs
ocs f
cstrnt
cstrntcb`
cb`ns
ns jfd
jfdprco
prcom`mn
m`mnss mc njt`v`
njt`v`mnmc
mnmcss prf
prfycjt
ycjtnmn
nmnss scb
scbüo
üo prfbrnd
prfbrndns
ns
sf
sfj`
j`ni
nics
cs pnrn
pnrn bn
bnrno
rnot`t`znr
znr in sc
scbur
bur`m
`mnm
nm j`um
j`umnm
nmnon
non co in
inss jf
jfdu
duo`m
o`mnmc
nmcss
jcrjnons ni Mcstnjndcotf ifs ]
]cqucs.
cqucs. [cb`d`cotf D`rnomn.

[CHC[COJ@NZ

Knut`stn, C. (;550). Dnouni Mc Dctfmfifbän Mc @ovcst`bnj`úo.

(:µ Cm`j`úo) Jnrnjns Xcoczucin< ]ni`t`p.

Jfost`tuj`úo Mc In [cpüki`jn Kfi`vnr`non Mc Xcoczucin. (Jrkv,

  >000). Bnjctn Fh`j`ni Mc In [cpüki`jn Kfi`vnr`non
  Mc Xcoczucin Oüdcrf :8.185. M`j`cdkrc :5, >000.
 Jfdnomf Cstrntàb`jf Fpcrnj`foni (;5>;), ’Jfojcptf Cstrntàb`jf
  Jfojcpj
Jfojcpj`úo
`úo P Huo
Huomndc
mndcotf
otfss Mc In Frb
Frbno`
no`znj
znj`úo
`úo Mci
Jfdnomf
  @otcbrni Mc In Onj`úo, Xcoczucin, Zcbuomn Unrtc.

Bunr
Bunrm`
m`n
n OnOnj`
j`fo
foni
ni Kf
Kfi`i`vn
vnr`
r`no
non
n Mc Xcoc
Xcoczu zuci
cin.
n. Cx
Cxtr
trnä
nämf
mf Mc
Mc<<
Attp<//Rww.Bunrm`n.D`i.Xc  (J
Attp<//Rww.Bunrm`n.D`i.Xc  (Jfo
fosu
suititn<
n< ;; Mc M`j`
M`j`cd
cdkr
krc,
c,
;5>1)

Uino mc cstum`f Kfiävnr ;5>3-;5;5. ]fdf X

NOCQFZ
 

NJ]@X@MNMCZ ZFJ@NICZ [CNI@\NMNZ UF[ CI JFDNOMF ONJ@FONI

BSN[M@N MCI USCKIF
 

NJ]@X@MNMCZ ZFJ@NICZ [CNI@\NMNZ UF[ CI JFDNOMF ONJ@FONI

BSN[M@N MCI USCKIF
NJ]@X@MNMCZ ZFJ@NICZ [CNI@\NMNZ UF[ CI JFDNOMF ONJ@FONI
BSN[M@N MCI USCKIF